351
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Dai W, Geib SJ, Curran DP. 1,4-Hydroboration Reactions of Electron-Poor Aromatic Rings by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6261-6267. [PMID: 32101418 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of N-heterocyclic carbene boranes (NHC-boranes) with electron-poor aromatic rings under photoredox conditions provide dearomatized 3-NHC-boryl-1,5-cycohexadienes, which are formally products of 1,4-hydroboration reactions. When regioisomers are possible, the more crowded (doubly ortho-substituted) product is formed preferably or exclusively. The mechanism may involve oxidation of the NHC-borane to an NHC-boryl radical, reduction of the electron-poor aromatic ring to a radical anion, coupling of the radical and the radical anion to give a cyclohexadienyl anion, and finally regioselective protonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15208, United States
| | - Steven J Geib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15208, United States
| | - Dennis P Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15208, United States
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352
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Spinnato D, Schweitzer-Chaput B, Goti G, Ošeka M, Melchiorre P. A Photochemical Organocatalytic Strategy for the α-Alkylation of Ketones by using Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9485-9490. [PMID: 32053279 PMCID: PMC7317845 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is a visible‐light‐mediated radical approach to the α‐alkylation of ketones. This method exploits the ability of a nucleophilic organocatalyst to generate radicals upon SN2‐based activation of alkyl halides and blue light irradiation. The resulting open‐shell intermediates are then intercepted by weakly nucleophilic silyl enol ethers, which would be unable to directly attack the alkyl halides through a traditional two‐electron path. The mild reaction conditions allowed functionalization of the α position of ketones with functional groups that are not compatible with classical anionic strategies. In addition, the redox‐neutral nature of this process makes it compatible with a cinchona‐based primary amine catalyst, which was used to develop a rare example of enantioselective organocatalytic radical α‐alkylation of ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Spinnato
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Bertrand Schweitzer-Chaput
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Giulio Goti
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maksim Ošeka
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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353
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Spinnato D, Schweitzer‐Chaput B, Goti G, Ošeka M, Melchiorre P. A Photochemical Organocatalytic Strategy for the α‐Alkylation of Ketones by using Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Spinnato
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Bertrand Schweitzer‐Chaput
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Giulio Goti
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Maksim Ošeka
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- ICREA Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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354
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Kammer LM, Krumb M, Spitzbarth B, Lipp B, Kühlborn J, Busold J, Mulina OM, Terentev AO, Opatz T. Photoredox-Catalyzed Four-Component Reaction for the Synthesis of Complex Secondary Amines. Org Lett 2020; 22:3318-3322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marie Kammer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Krumb
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin Spitzbarth
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin Lipp
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonas Kühlborn
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonas Busold
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Olga M. Mulina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander O. Terentev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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355
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Zhou F, Li L, Lin K, Zhang F, Deng G, Gong H. Iron‐Catalyzed Cleavage Reaction of Keto Acids with Aliphatic Aldehydes for the Synthesis of Ketones and Ketone Esters. Chemistry 2020; 26:4246-4250. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Lesong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Kao Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Science Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 P. R. China
| | - Guo‐Jun Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Hang Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education The Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
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356
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Zhang JW, Wang YR, Pan JH, He YH, Yu W, Han B. Deconstructive Oxygenation of Unstrained Cycloalkanamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3900-3904. [PMID: 31869508 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A deconstructive oxygenation of unstrained primary cycloalkanamines has been developed for the first time using an auto-oxidative aromatization promoted C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) bond cleavage strategy. This metal-free method involves the substitution reaction of cycloalkanamines with hydrazonyl chlorides and subsequent auto-oxidative annulation to in situ generate pre-aromatics, followed by N-radical-promoted ring-opening and further oxygenation by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and m-cholorperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA). Consequently, a series of 1,2,4-triazole-containing acyclic carbonyl compounds were efficiently produced. This protocol features a one-pot operation, mild reaction conditions, high regioselectivity and ring-opening efficiency, broad substrate scope, and is compatible with alkaloids, osamines, and peptides, as well as steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Heng He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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357
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Liu L, Lee W, Yuan M, Acha C, Geherty MB, Williams B, Gutierrez O. Intra- and intermolecular Fe-catalyzed dicarbofunctionalization of vinyl cyclopropanes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3146-3151. [PMID: 34122819 PMCID: PMC8157325 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00467g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Design and implementation of the first (asymmetric) Fe-catalyzed intra- and intermolecular difunctionalization of vinyl cyclopropanes (VCPs) with alkyl halides and aryl Grignard reagents has been realized via a mechanistically driven approach. Mechanistic studies support the diffusion of alkyl radical intermediates out of the solvent cage to participate in an intra- or intermolecular radical cascade with a range of VCPs followed by re-entering the Fe radical cross-coupling cycle to undergo (stereo)selective C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond formation. This work provides a proof-of-concept of the use of vinyl cyclopropanes as synthetically useful 1,5-synthons in Fe-catalyzed conjunctive cross-couplings with alkyl halides and aryl/vinyl Grignard reagents. Overall, we provide new design principles for Fe-mediated radical processes and underscore the potential of using combined computations and experiments to accelerate the development of challenging transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Wes Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Mingbin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Chris Acha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Michael B Geherty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Brandon Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
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358
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Yang XL, Guo JD, Xiao H, Feng K, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Photoredox Catalysis of Aromatic β-Ketoesters for in Situ Production of Transient and Persistent Radicals for Organic Transformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5365-5370. [PMID: 31957949 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Radical formation is the initial step for conventional radical chemistry. Reported herein is a unified strategy to generate radicals in situ from aromatic β-ketoesters by using a photocatalyst. Under visible-light irradiation, a small amount of photocatalyst fac-Ir(ppy)3 generates a transient α-carbonyl radical and persistent ketyl radical in situ. In contrast to the well-established approaches, neither stoichiometric external oxidant nor reductant is required for this reaction. The synthetic utility is demonstrated by pinacol coupling of ketyl radicals and benzannulation of α-carbonyl radicals with alkynes to give a series of highly substituted 1-naphthols in good to excellent yields. The readily available photocatalyst, mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and high functional-group tolerance make this reaction a useful synthetic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Long Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jia-Dong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interface Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ke Feng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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359
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Yang X, Guo J, Xiao H, Feng K, Chen B, Tung C, Wu L. Photoredox Catalysis of Aromatic β‐Ketoesters for in Situ Production of Transient and Persistent Radicals for Organic Transformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu‐Long Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jia‐Dong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interface SciencesTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ke Feng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Li‐Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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360
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Liu RH, Shen ZY, Wang C, Loh TP, Hu XH. Selective Dehydrogenative Acylation of Enamides with Aldehydes Leading to Valuable β-Ketoenamides. Org Lett 2020; 22:944-949. [PMID: 31971809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have presented a unique example of dehydrogenative acylation of enamides with aldehydes enabled by an earth-abundant iron catalyst. The protocol provides the straightforward access to valuable β-ketoenamides with ample substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. Notably, distinct C-H acylation of enamide rather than at N-H moiety site occurs with absolute Z-selectivity was observed. Late-stage modifications of complex molecules and versatile synthetic utility of β-ketoenamides further highlight the practicability of this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Hua Liu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Zhen-Yao Shen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Cong Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Xu-Hong Hu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
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361
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Pan J, He Y, Yu W, Han B. Deconstructive Oxygenation of Unstrained Cycloalkanamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Wu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Hao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Heng He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
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362
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Patra T, Bellotti P, Strieth‐Kalthoff F, Glorius F. Energietransfervermittelte intermolekulare Carboiminylierung von Alkenen durch den “Persistent Radical Effect”. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Patra
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Felix Strieth‐Kalthoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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363
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Patra T, Bellotti P, Strieth-Kalthoff F, Glorius F. Photosensitized Intermolecular Carboimination of Alkenes through the Persistent Radical Effect. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3172-3177. [PMID: 31794633 PMCID: PMC7028066 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An intermolecular, two‐component vicinal carboimination of alkenes has been accomplished by energy transfer catalysis. Oxime esters of alkyl carboxylic acids were used as bifunctional reagents to generate both alkyl and iminyl radicals. Subsequently, addition of the alkyl radical to an alkene generates a transient radical for selective radical–radical cross‐coupling with the persistent iminyl radical. Furthermore, this process provides direct access to aliphatic primary amines and α‐amino acids by simple hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Patra
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Strieth-Kalthoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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364
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Shibutani S, Kodo T, Takeda M, Nagao K, Tokunaga N, Sasaki Y, Ohmiya H. Organophotoredox-Catalyzed Decarboxylative C(sp 3)-O Bond Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1211-1216. [PMID: 31898903 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript reports a visible-light-mediated organosulfide catalysis that enables the decarboxylative coupling between simple aliphatic alcohol and tertiary or secondary alkyl carboxylic acid-derived redox active esters to produce a C(sp3)-O-C(sp3) fragment. Results of the coupling using other heteroatom nucleophiles such as water, amides, and thiols are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Shibutani
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
| | - Taiga Kodo
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Takeda
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
| | - Kazunori Nagao
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
| | - Norihito Tokunaga
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Laboratories, Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd. , 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi , Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Yusuke Sasaki
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Laboratories, Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd. , 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi , Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Hirohisa Ohmiya
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan.,JST, PRESTO , 4-1-8 Honcho , Kawaguchi , Saitama 332-0012 , Japan
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365
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Tang B, Zhao J, Xu JF, Zhang X. Tuning the stability of organic radicals: from covalent approaches to non-covalent approaches. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1192-1204. [PMID: 34123243 PMCID: PMC8148027 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06143f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic radicals are important species with single electrons. Because of their open-shell structure, they are widely used in functional materials, such as spin probes, magnetic materials and optoelectronic materials. Owing to the high reactivity of single electrons, they often serve as a key intermediate in organic synthesis. Therefore, tuning the stability of radicals is crucial for their functions. Herein, we summarize covalent and non-covalent approaches to tune the stability of organic radicals through steric effects and tuning the delocalization of spin density. Covalent approaches can tune the stability of radicals effectively and non-covalent approaches benefit from dynamicity and reversibility. It is anticipated that the further development of covalent and non-covalent approaches, as well as the interplay between them, may push the fields forward by enriching new radical materials and radical mediated reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jiantao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jiang-Fei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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366
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Huang HJ, Wang YT, Wu YK, Ryu I. Pd/light-induced alkyl–alkenyl coupling reaction between unactivated alkyl iodides and alkenylboronic acids. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00318b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl–alkenyl coupling reaction between unactivated alkyl iodides and 2-arylalkenylboronic acids utilizing a Pd/light combined system was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ju Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ku Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry
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367
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Liang K, Liu Q, Shen L, Li X, Wei D, Zheng L, Xia C. Intermolecular oxyarylation of olefins with aryl halides and TEMPOH catalyzed by the phenolate anion under visible light. Chem Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenolate anion was developed as a new photocatalyst with strong reduction potentials (−3.16 V vs. SCE) to reduction of aryl halides to aryl radicals through single electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
| | - Lei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
| | - Xipan Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
| | - Delian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
| | - Liyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
| | - Chengfeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
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368
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Gao L, Wang G, Chen H, Cao J, Su X, Liu X, Yang M, Cheng X, Li S. Metal-free reductive coupling of aliphatic aldehydes/ketones with 4-cyanopyridines: expanded scope and mechanistic studies. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00827c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A practical B2pin2 mediated reductive coupling of 4-cyanopyridine with aliphatic aldehydes/ketones has been established. This metal-free protocol provides a convenient route to construct a wide range of C4-pyridine-functionalized alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Jia Cao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Xiaoshi Su
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Xueting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Mo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Xu Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Material
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Shuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
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369
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Sun Z, Tang B, Liu KKC, Zhu HY. Direct photochemical cross-coupling between aliphatic acids and BF3K salts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1294-1297. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09164e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel photoredox hetero-coupling reaction of two C (sp3) radicals from aliphatic acids or BF3K salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuming Sun
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research
- Pudong
- China
| | - Bingqing Tang
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research
- Pudong
- China
| | | | - Hugh Y. Zhu
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research
- Pudong
- China
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370
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Lehnherr D, Lam YH, Nicastri MC, Liu J, Newman JA, Regalado EL, DiRocco DA, Rovis T. Electrochemical Synthesis of Hindered Primary and Secondary Amines via Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:468-478. [PMID: 31849221 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Accessing hindered amines, particularly primary amines α to a fully substituted carbon center, is synthetically challenging. We report an electrochemical method to access such hindered amines starting from benchtop-stable iminium salts and cyanoheteroarenes. A wide variety of substituted heterocycles (pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, purine, azaindole) can be utilized in the cross-coupling reaction, including those substituted with a halide, trifluoromethyl, ester, amide, or ether group, a heterocycle, or an unprotected alcohol or alkyne. Mechanistic insight based on DFT data, as well as cyclic voltammetry and NMR spectroscopy, suggests that a proton-coupled electron-transfer mechanism is operational as part of a hetero-biradical cross-coupling of α-amino radicals and radicals derived from cyanoheteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lehnherr
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Yu-Hong Lam
- Computational and Structural Chemistry , Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Michael C Nicastri
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Jinchu Liu
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Justin A Newman
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Daniel A DiRocco
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
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371
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Wang Z, Liu Q, Ji X, Deng GJ, Huang H. Bromide-Promoted Visible-Light-Induced Reductive Minisci Reaction with Aldehydes. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xiaochen Ji
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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372
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Chen J, Wang PZ, Lu B, Liang D, Yu XY, Xiao WJ, Chen JR. Enantioselective Radical Ring-Opening Cyanation of Oxime Esters by Dual Photoredox and Copper Catalysis. Org Lett 2019; 21:9763-9768. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Peng-Zi Wang
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Bin Lu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Dong Liang
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Yu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
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373
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Qiu Z, Pham HDM, Li J, Li CC, Castillo-Pazos DJ, Khaliullin RZ, Li CJ. Light-enabled metal-free pinacol coupling by hydrazine. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10937-10943. [PMID: 32190250 PMCID: PMC7066673 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03737c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A light-driven pinacol coupling protocol without any metals, but with N2H4 as a clean non-metallic hydrogen-atom-transfer (HAT) reductant was described.
Efficient carbon–carbon bond formation is of great importance in modern organic synthetic chemistry. The pinacol coupling discovered over a century ago is still one of the most efficient coupling reactions to build the C–C bond in one step. However, traditional pinacol coupling often requires over-stoichiometric amounts of active metals as reductants, causing long-lasting metal waste issues and sustainability concerns. A great scientific challenge is to design a metal-free approach to the pinacol coupling reaction. Herein, we describe a light-driven pinacol coupling protocol without use of any metals, but with N2H4, used as a clean non-metallic hydrogen-atom-transfer (HAT) reductant. In this transformation, only traceless non-toxic N2 and H2 gases were produced as by-products with a relatively broad aromatic ketone scope and good functional group tolerance. A combined experimental and computational investigation of the mechanism suggests that this novel pinacol coupling reaction proceeds via a HAT process between photo-excited ketone and N2H4, instead of the common single-electron-transfer (SET) process for metal reductants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Qiu
- Department of Chemistry , FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. W. , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada . ;
| | - Hanh D M Pham
- Department of Chemistry , FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. W. , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada . ;
| | - Jianbin Li
- Department of Chemistry , FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. W. , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada . ;
| | - Chen-Chen Li
- Department of Chemistry , FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. W. , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada . ;
| | - Durbis J Castillo-Pazos
- Department of Chemistry , FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. W. , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada . ;
| | - Rustam Z Khaliullin
- Department of Chemistry , FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. W. , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada . ;
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry , FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. W. , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada . ;
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374
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Shen J, Xiao B, Hou Y, Wang X, Li G, Chen J, Wang W, Cheng J, Yang B, Yang S. Cobalt(II)‐Catalyzed Bisfunctionalization of Alkenes with Diarylphosphine Oxide and Peroxide. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Gui‐Zhi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin‐Chun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei‐Li Wang
- School of Chemistry and Material ScienceLudong University Yantai 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian‐Bo Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Shang‐Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic ChemistryLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic China
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375
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Friese FW, Studer A. New avenues for C-B bond formation via radical intermediates. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8503-8518. [PMID: 32015798 PMCID: PMC6977546 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03765a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective gives an overview on recent findings in the emerging area of C-radical borylation using diborons as radical trapping reagents. Aryl, vinyl and alkyl boronic esters can be accessed via such an approach under mild conditions. These processes are complementary to established transition metal catalysed cross coupling reactions. Radical borylations can be conducted in the absence of a transition metal but some processes require transition metals as catalysts. It will be shown that various readily available C-radical precursors can be used to run these borylations. For a better understanding of the chemistry, mechanistic discussions are also presented and an outlook on this topic will be provided at the end of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian W Friese
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstrasse 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstrasse 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
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376
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Pitzer L, Schwarz JL, Glorius F. Reductive radical-polar crossover: traditional electrophiles in modern radical reactions. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8285-8291. [PMID: 32055300 PMCID: PMC7003961 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03359a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of reductive radical-polar crossover (RRPCO) reactions has recently emerged as a valuable and powerful tool to overcome limitations of both radical and traditional polar chemistry. Especially in case of additions to carbonyl compounds, the synergy of radical and polar pathways is of great advantage since it enables the use of traditional carbonyl electrophiles in radical reactions. The most recent and synthetically important transformations following this line are summarised in the first part of this review. The second part deals with transformations, in which the concept of RRPCO promotes the usage of alkyl halides as electrophiles in radical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Pitzer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - J Luca Schwarz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
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377
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Enantioconvergent photoredox radical-radical coupling catalyzed by a chiral-at-rhodium complex. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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378
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Tian S, Jia X, Wang L, Li B, Liu S, Ma L, Gao W, Wei Y, Chen J. The Mn-catalyzed paired electrochemical facile oxychlorination of styrenes via the oxygen reduction reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12104-12107. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06746a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is the electrochemical engendering of chlorine radicals by a manganese catalyst with a controllable pattern, and inexpensive MgCl2 as the chlorine source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Tian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Baoying Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Yingqin Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan
- P. R. China
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