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Chen J, Huo J, Jia Z, Song Y, Li Y, Zhang L. Effects of atrazine on the proliferation and cytotoxicity of murine lymphocytes with the use of carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester-based flow cytometric approaches. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 76:61-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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352
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Chen Y, Fu LL, Wen X, Liu B, Huang J, Wang JH, Wei YQ. Oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles of microRNAs in apoptosis and autophagy. Apoptosis 2015; 19:1177-89. [PMID: 24850099 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-0999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small and non-coding endogenous RNAs ∼22 nucleotides (nt) in length, have been known to regulate approximately 30 % of human gene expression at the post-transcriptional and translational levels. Accumulating data have demonstrated that certain miRNAs could exert an oncogenic and/or tumor suppressive function and might play essential roles in the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy in cancer. In this review, we summarize that certain oncogenic and tumor suppressive miRNAs could modulate apoptotic pathways in different types of cancer. Subsequently, we demonstrate that other miRNAs might play regulatory roles in the autophagic pathways of cancer. A limited number of oncogenic/tumor suppressive miRNAs could regulate apoptosis and autophagy, respectively, and cooperatively. Taken together, these findings would provide a new clue to elucidate more apoptotic and/or autophagic mechanisms of miRNAs for designing potential novel therapeutic strategies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Wang F, Li H, Yan XG, Zhou ZW, Yi ZG, He ZX, Pan ST, Yang YX, Wang ZZ, Zhang X, Yang T, Qiu JX, Zhou SF. Alisertib induces cell cycle arrest and autophagy and suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition involving PI3K/Akt/mTOR and sirtuin 1-mediated signaling pathways in human pancreatic cancer cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:575-601. [PMID: 25632225 PMCID: PMC4304576 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s75221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the most aggressive cancer worldwide with poor response to current therapeutics. Alisertib (ALS), a potent and selective Aurora kinase A inhibitor, exhibits potent anticancer effects in preclinical and clinical studies; however, the effect and underlying mechanism of ALS in the pancreatic cancer treatment remain elusive. This study aimed to examine the effects of ALS on cell growth, autophagy, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and to delineate the possible molecular mechanisms in human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells. The results showed that ALS exerted potent cell growth inhibitory, pro-autophagic, and EMT-suppressing effects in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells. ALS remarkably arrested PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells in G2/M phase via regulating the expression of cyclin-dependent kinases 1 and 2, cyclin B1, cyclin D1, p21 Waf1/Cip1, p27 Kip1, and p53. ALS concentration-dependently induced autophagy in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells, which may be attributed to the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) but activation of 5′-AMP-dependent kinase signaling pathways. ALS significantly inhibited EMT in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells with an increase in the expression of E-cadherin and a decrease in N-cadherin. In addition, ALS suppressed the expression of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor/visfatin in both cell lines with a rise in the level of acetylated p53. These findings show that ALS induces cell cycle arrest and promotes autophagic cell death but inhibits EMT in pancreatic cancer cells with the involvement of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, p38 MAPK, Erk1/2, and Sirt1-mediated signaling pathways. Taken together, ALS may represent a promising anticancer drug for pancreatic cancer treatment. More studies are warranted to investigate other molecular targets and mechanisms and verify the efficacy and safety of ALS in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Gang Yan
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhi-Gang Yi
- Department of General Surgery, Changqing Yangehu Hospital, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xu He
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ting Pan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Xue Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxing Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jia-Xuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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354
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Wang F, Wang Q, Zhou ZW, Yu SN, Pan ST, He ZX, Zhang X, Wang D, Yang YX, Yang T, Sun T, Li M, Qiu JX, Zhou SF. Plumbagin induces cell cycle arrest and autophagy and suppresses epithelial to mesenchymal transition involving PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated pathway in human pancreatic cancer cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:537-60. [PMID: 25632222 PMCID: PMC4304578 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s73689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin (PLB), an active naphthoquinone compound, has shown potent anticancer effects in preclinical studies; however, the effect and underlying mechanism of PLB for the treatment of pancreatic cancer is unclear. This study aimed to examine the pancreatic cancer cell killing effect of PLB and investigate the underlying mechanism in human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells. The results showed that PLB exhibited potent inducing effects on cell cycle arrest in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells via the modulation of cell cycle regulators including CDK1/CDC2, cyclin B1, cyclin D1, p21 Waf1/Cip1, p27 Kip1, and p53. PLB treatment concentration- and time-dependently increased the percentage of autophagic cells and significantly increased the expression level of phosphatase and tensin homolog, beclin 1, and the ratio of LC3-II over LC3-I in both PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells. PLB induced inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathways and activation of 5′-AMP-dependent kinase as indicated by their altered phosphorylation, contributing to the proautophagic activities of PLB in both cell lines. Furthermore, SB202190, a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK, and wortmannin, a potent, irreversible, and selective PI3K inhibitor, remarkably enhanced PLB-induced autophagy in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells, indicating the roles of PI3K and p38 MAPK mediated signaling pathways in PLB-induced autophagic cell death in both cell lines. In addition, PLB significantly inhibited epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotype in both cell lines with an increase in the expression level of E-cadherin and a decrease in N-cadherin. Moreover, PLB treatment significantly suppressed the expression of Sirt1 in both cell lines. These findings show that PLB promotes cell cycle arrest and autophagy but inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotype in pancreatic cancer cells with the involvement of PI3K/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin and p38 MAPK mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA ; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Song-Ning Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ting Pan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xu He
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Xue Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxing Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Lab of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stanton L Young Biomedical Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jia-Xuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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355
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Yuan CX, Zhou ZW, Yang YX, He ZX, Zhang X, Wang D, Yang T, Wang NJ, Zhao RJ, Zhou SF. Inhibition of mitotic Aurora kinase A by alisertib induces apoptosis and autophagy of human gastric cancer AGS and NCI-N78 cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:487-508. [PMID: 25609923 PMCID: PMC4298344 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s74127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers and responds poorly to current chemotherapy. Alisertib (ALS) is a second-generation, orally bioavailable, highly selective small-molecule inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase Aurora kinase A (AURKA). ALS has been shown to have potent anticancer effects in preclinical and clinical studies, but its role in gastric cancer treatment is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the cancer cell-killing effect of ALS on gastric cancer cell lines AGS and NCI-N78, with a focus on cell proliferation, cell-cycle distribution, apoptosis, and autophagy and the mechanism of action. The results showed that ALS exhibited potent growth-inhibitory, proapoptotic, and proautophagic effects on AGS and NCI-N78 cells. ALS concentration-dependently inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell-cycle arrest at G2/M phase in both cell lines, with a downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and cyclin B1 expression but upregulation of p21 Waf1/Cip1, p27 Kip1, and p53 expression. ALS induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in both AGS and NCI-N78 cells. ALS induced the expression of proapoptotic proteins but inhibited the expression of antiapoptotic proteins, with a significant increase in the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3 in both cell lines. ALS induced inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways while activating the 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway as indicated by their altered phosphorylation, contributing to the proautophagic effects of ALS. SB202191 and wortmannin enhanced the autophagy-inducing effect of ALS in AGS and NCI-N78 cells. Notably, ALS treatment significantly decreased the ratio of phosphorylated AURKA over AURKA, which may contribute, at least in part, to the inducing effects of ALS on cell-cycle arrest and autophagy in AGS and NCI-N78 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that ALS exerts a potent inhibitory effect on cell proliferation but inducing effects on cell-cycle arrest, mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, and autophagy with the involvement of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, p38 MAPK, and AURKA-mediated signaling pathways in AGS and NCI-N78 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiu Yuan
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA ; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Xue Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xu He
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxing Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ning-Ju Wang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruan Jin Zhao
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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356
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Ding YH, Zhou ZW, Ha CF, Zhang XY, Pan ST, He ZX, Edelman JL, Wang D, Yang YX, Zhang X, Duan W, Yang T, Qiu JX, Zhou SF. Alisertib, an Aurora kinase A inhibitor, induces apoptosis and autophagy but inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:425-64. [PMID: 25624750 PMCID: PMC4296919 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s74062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a leading killer of women, and no cure for advanced ovarian cancer is available. Alisertib (ALS), a selective Aurora kinase A (AURKA) inhibitor, has shown potent anticancer effects, and is under clinical investigation for the treatment of advanced solid tumor and hematologic malignancies. However, the role of ALS in the treatment of ovarian cancer remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of ALS on cell growth, apoptosis, autophagy, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the underlying mechanisms in human epithelial ovarian cancer SKOV3 and OVCAR4 cells. Our docking study showed that ALS, MLN8054, and VX-680 preferentially bound to AURKA over AURKB via hydrogen bond formation, charge interaction, and π-π stacking. ALS had potent growth-inhibitory, proapoptotic, proautophagic, and EMT-inhibitory effects on SKOV3 and OVCAR4 cells. ALS arrested SKOV3 and OVCAR4 cells in G2/M phase and induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in both SKOV3 and OVCAR4 cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. ALS suppressed phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways but activated 5′-AMP-dependent kinase, as indicated by their altered phosphorylation, contributing to the proautophagic activity of ALS. Modulation of autophagy altered basal and ALS-induced apoptosis in SKOV3 and OVCAR4 cells. Further, ALS suppressed the EMT-like phenotype in both cell lines by restoring the balance between E-cadherin and N-cadherin. ALS downregulated sirtuin 1 and pre-B cell colony enhancing factor (PBEF/visfatin) expression levels and inhibited phosphorylation of AURKA in both cell lines. These findings indicate that ALS blocks the cell cycle by G2/M phase arrest and promotes cellular apoptosis and autophagy, but inhibits EMT via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mTOR-mediated and sirtuin 1-mediated pathways in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Further studies are warranted to validate the efficacy and safety of ALS in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hui Ding
- Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA ; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Fang Ha
- Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yu Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ting Pan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xu He
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jeffrey L Edelman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Xue Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jia-Xuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA ; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
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357
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N-(1-pyrenyl) maleimide induces bak oligomerization and mitochondrial dysfunction in Jurkat Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:798489. [PMID: 25632401 PMCID: PMC4302375 DOI: 10.1155/2015/798489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
N-(1-pyrenyl) maleimide (NPM) is a fluorescent reagent that is frequently used as a derivatization agent for the detection of thio-containing compounds. NPM has been shown to display a great differential cytotoxicity against hematopoietic cancer cells. In this study, the molecular mechanism by which NPM induces apoptosis was examined. Here, we show that treatment of Jurkat cells with NPM leads to Bak oligomerization, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytosol. Induction of Bak oligomerization appears to play a critical role in NPM-induced apoptosis, as downregulation of Bak by shRNA significantly prevented NPM-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of caspase 8 by Z-IETD-FMK and/or depletion of Bid did not affect NPM-induced oligomerization of Bak. Taken together, these results suggest that NPM-induced apoptosis is mediated through a pathway that is independent of caspase-8 activation.
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358
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Albert V, Hall MN. mTOR signaling in cellular and organismal energetics. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2014; 33:55-66. [PMID: 25554914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian TOR (mTOR) signaling controls growth, metabolism and energy homeostasis in a cell autonomous manner. Recent findings indicate that mTOR signaling in one tissue can also affect other organs thereby affecting whole body metabolism and energy homeostasis in a non-cell autonomous manner. It is thus not surprising that mTOR signaling mediates aging and is often deregulated in metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes and cancer. This review discusses the regulation of cellular and whole body energy metabolism by mTOR, with particular focus on the non-cell autonomous function of mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Albert
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael N Hall
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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359
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Effects of platycodin D on proliferation, apoptosis and PI3K/Akt signal pathway of human glioma U251 cells. Molecules 2014; 19:21411-23. [PMID: 25532840 PMCID: PMC6270900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191221411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of platycodin D (PD) on the proliferation, apoptosis and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway of human glioma U251 cells were investigated. Glioma U251 cells were treated with PD at final concentrations of 0, 16.3, 40.8, 81.6, 163.2 μM, and inhibition rate, early and late apoptotic rate, apoptotic index, expression of apoptosis-related proteins and phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were evaluated. The results showed that compared with the control group, PD could increase the proliferation inhibition rate of U251 cells in a dose- and time -dependent manner; PD could also elevate the early and late apoptotic rate, apoptotic index and the level of pro-apoptotic proteins of glioma U251 cells, such as Bax and cleaved caspase-3, but lower the level of apoptosis inhibitory protein, such as Bcl-2; PD could increase the ratio of G0/G1 phase U251 cells, and lower the proportion of Sphase U251 cells and the ratio of G2/M phase U251 cells; PD could reduce the ratio of p-Akt/Akt. The results indicate that PD can inhibit the proliferation, induce the apoptosis and cause the cell cycle arrest in human glioma U251 cells, which may be related to the inhibition of PD on the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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360
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Jiang QL, Zhang S, Tian M, Zhang SY, Xie T, Chen DY, Chen YJ, He J, Liu J, Ouyang L, Jiang X. Plant lectins, from ancient sugar-binding proteins to emerging anti-cancer drugs in apoptosis and autophagy. Cell Prolif 2014; 48:17-28. [PMID: 25488051 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitously distributed in different plant species, plant lectins are highly diverse carbohydrate-binding proteins of non-immune origin. They have interesting pharmacological activities and currently are of great interest to thousands of people working on biomedical research in cancer-related problems. It has been widely accepted that plant lectins affect both apoptosis and autophagy by modulating representative signalling pathways involved in Bcl-2 family, caspase family, p53, PI3K/Akt, ERK, BNIP3, Ras-Raf and ATG families, in cancer. Plant lectins may have a role as potential new anti-tumour agents in cancer drug discovery. Thus, here we summarize these findings on pathway- involved plant lectins, to provide a comprehensive perspective for further elucidating their potential role as novel anti-cancer drugs, with respect to both apoptosis and autophagy in cancer pathogenesis, and future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q-L Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Department of Dermatology, Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; School of Pharmacy and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China; Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory of Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China
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361
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Hu Z, Zeng Q, Zhang B, Liu H, Wang W. Promotion of p53 expression and reactive oxidative stress production is involved in zerumbone-induced cisplatin sensitization of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt B:257-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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362
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Park HJ, Kim MM. Flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba fallen leaves induce apoptosis through modulation of p53 activation in melanoma cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:433-8. [PMID: 25394497 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the apoptotic effect of flavonoids in methanol extracts of Ginkgo biloba fallen leaves (MEGFL) on melanoma cells. Ginkgo biloba is a deciduous castle chaplain and its leaves include various types of flavonoids such as flavonol-O-glycosides. Ginkgo biloba is known to have therapeutic properties against a number of diseases such as cerebrovascular diseases, blood circulation disease and hypertension. In the present study MEGFL exhibited a higher cytotoxic effect on melanoma cells than Ginkgo biloba leaves (MEGL). It was also found that MEGFL induced apoptotic cell death which was characterized by DNA fragmentation. During the cell death process following treatment with MEGFL, the expression of a variety of death-associated proteins including p53, caspase-3, caspase-9, cytochrome c and Bax were analyzed in the cytosol of melanoma cells. MEGFL significantly increased the expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-9 and p53 in a dose-dependent manner. Our results indicate that MEGFL induced apoptotic cell death by increasing the expression of cell death-associated proteins in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Moo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
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363
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Zhou J, Xi C, Wang W, Fu X, Jinqiang L, Qiu Y, Jin J, Xu J, Huang Z. Triptolide-induced oxidative stress involved with Nrf2 contribute to cardiomyocyte apoptosis through mitochondrial dependent pathways. Toxicol Lett 2014; 230:454-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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364
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Qin Y, Zhou ZW, Pan ST, He ZX, Zhang X, Qiu JX, Duan W, Yang T, Zhou SF. Graphene quantum dots induce apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammatory response via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB mediated signaling pathways in activated THP-1 macrophages. Toxicology 2014; 327:62-76. [PMID: 25446327 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The biomedical application of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) is a new emerging area. However, their safety data are still in scarcity to date. Particularly, the effect of GQDs on the immune system remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the interaction of GQDs with macrophages and the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that GQDs slightly affected the cell viability and membrane integrity of macrophages, whereas GQDs significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptotic and autophagic cell death with an increase in the expression level of Bax, Bad, caspase 3, caspase 9, beclin 1, and LC3-I/II and a decrease in that of Bcl-2. Furthermore, low concentrations of GQDs significantly increased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-8, whereas high concentrations of GQDs elicited opposite effects on the cytokines production. SB202190, a selective inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), abolished the cytokine-inducing effect of GQDs in macrophages. Moreover, GQDs significantly increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and p65, and promoted the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Taken together, these results show that GQDs induce ROS generation, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammatory response via p38MAPK and NF-κB mediated signaling pathways in THP-1 activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Shu-Ting Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhi-Xu He
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center & Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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365
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Mao C, Zhang J, Lin S, Jing L, Xiang J, Wang M, Wang B, Xu P, Liu W, Song X, Lv C. MiRNA-30a inhibits AECs-II apoptosis by blocking mitochondrial fission dependent on Drp-1. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:2404-16. [PMID: 25284615 PMCID: PMC4302646 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs-II) is a key determinant of initiation and progression of lung fibrosis. However, the mechanism of miR-30a participation in the regulation of AECs-II apoptosis is ambiguous. In this study, we investigated whether miR-30a could block AECs-II apoptosis by repressing mitochondrial fission dependent on dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp-1). The levels of miR-30a in vivo and in vitro were determined through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The inhibition of miR-30a in AECs-II apoptosis, mitochondrial fission and its dependence on Drp-1, and Drp-1 expression and translocation were detected using miR-30a mimic, inhibitor-transfection method (gain- and loss-of-function), or Drp-1 siRNA technology. Results showed that miR-30a decreased in lung fibrosis. Gain- and loss-of-function studies revealed that the up-regulation of miR-30a could decrease AECs-II apoptosis, inhibit mitochondrial fission, and reduce Drp-1 expression and translocation. MiR-30a mimic/inhibitor and Drp-1 siRNA co-transfection showed that miR-30a could inhibit the mitochondrial fission dependent on Drp-1. This study demonstrated that miR-30a inhibited AECs-II apoptosis by repressing the mitochondrial fission dependent on Drp-1, and could function as a novel therapeutic target for lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Mao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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366
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Liu J, Wang L, Guo X, Pang Q, Wu S, Wu C, Xu P, Bai Y. The role of mitochondria in T-2 toxin-induced human chondrocytes apoptosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108394. [PMID: 25264878 PMCID: PMC4181319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T-2 toxin, a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, has been shown to cause diverse toxic effects in animals and is also a possible pathogenic factor of Kashin–Beck disease (KBD). The role of mitochondria in KBD is recognized in our recent research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of mitochondria in T-2 toxin-induced human chondrocytes apoptosis to understand the pathogenesis of KBD. T-2 toxin decreased chondrocytes viabilities in concentration- and time-dependent manners. Exposure to T-2 toxin can reduce activities of mitochondrial complexes III, IV and V, ΔΨm and the cellular ATP, while intracellular ROS increased following treatment with T-2 toxin. Furthermore, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase-9 and 3 activation and chondrocytes apoptosis were also obviously observed. Interestingly, Selenium (Se) can partly block T-2 toxin -induced mitochondria dysfunction, oxidative damage and chondrocytes apoptosis. These results suggest that the effect of T-2 toxin on human chondrocytes apoptosis may be mediated by a mitochondrial pathway, which is highly consistent with the chondrocytes changes in KBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Liu
- School of Public Health, Science Health Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiong Guo
- School of Public Health, Science Health Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
- * E-mail: (XG); (QJP)
| | - Qingjiang Pang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
- * E-mail: (XG); (QJP)
| | - Shixun Wu
- School of Public Health, Science Health Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Cuiyan Wu
- School of Public Health, Science Health Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Xi’an Red Cross Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yidong Bai
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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367
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Colin J, Garibal J, Clavier A, Rincheval-Arnold A, Gaumer S, Mignotte B, Guénal I. The drosophila Bcl-2 family protein Debcl is targeted to the proteasome by the β-TrCP homologue slimb. Apoptosis 2014; 19:1444-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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368
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The role of soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 in transplantation: protection or damage. Transplantation 2014; 97:1201-6. [PMID: 24717224 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFGL2) is the soluble form of fibrinogen like protein 2. As a novel immunoregulatory molecule, sFGL2 is secreted mainly by T cells, especially regulatory T cells, and exerts an immunoregulatory property rather than a prothrombinase function in the immune system. sFGL2 changes not only the proliferation and differentiation of T cells but also the maturation of antigen presenting cells. Besides its innate and adaptive immunoregulatory functions, sFGL2 also induces apoptosis in cells including renal tubular epithelial cells through Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). It may affect transplantation via regulation of immunity and induction of apoptosis of different cells in a spatiotemporal manner. Here, we review the research progresses on sFGL2 including its structure, functions, and molecular mechanisms via which sFGL2 might affect organ transplantation, as well as discuss its characteristics and potential of becoming a therapeutic target in patients with rejection.
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369
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Abstract
Antiviral innate immune responses and apoptosis are the two major factors limiting viral infections. Successful viral infection requires the virus to take advantage of the cellular machinery to bypass cellular defenses. Accumulated evidences show that autophagy plays a crucial role in cell-to-virus interaction. Here, we focus on how viruses subvert mitophagy to favor viral replication by mitigating innate immune responses and apoptotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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370
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Mitochondrial function and mitochondrial DNA maintenance with advancing age. Biogerontology 2014; 15:417-38. [PMID: 25015781 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-014-9515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We review the impact of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance and mitochondrial function on the aging process. Mitochondrial function and mtDNA integrity are closely related. In order to create a protective barrier against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) attacks and ensure mtDNA integrity, multiple cellular mtDNA copies are packaged together with various proteins in nucleoids. Regulation of antioxidant and RONS balance, DNA base excision repair, and selective degradation of damaged mtDNA copies preserves normal mtDNA quantities. Oxidative damage to mtDNA molecules does not substantially contribute to increased mtDNA mutation frequency; rather, mtDNA replication errors of DNA PolG are the main source of mtDNA mutations. Mitochondrial turnover is the major contributor to maintenance of mtDNA and functionally active mitochondria. Mitochondrial turnover involves mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, and selective autophagic removal of dysfunctional mitochondria (i.e., mitophagy). All of these processes exhibit decreased activity during aging and fall under greater nuclear genome control, possibly coincident with the emergence of nuclear genome instability. We suggest that the age-dependent accumulation of mutated mtDNA copies and dysfunctional mitochondria is associated primarily with decreased cellular autophagic and mitophagic activity.
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371
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Toxoplasma gondii development of its replicative niche: in its host cell and beyond. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2014; 13:965-76. [PMID: 24951442 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00081-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens can replicate efficiently only after they manipulate and modify their host cells to create an environment conducive to replication. While diverse cellular pathways are targeted by different pathogens, metabolism, membrane and cytoskeletal architecture formation, and cell death are the three primary cellular processes that are modified by infections. Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that infects ∼30% of the world's population and causes severe and life-threatening disease in developing fetuses, in immune-comprised patients, and in certain otherwise healthy individuals who are primarily found in South America. The high prevalence of Toxoplasma in humans is in large part a result of its ability to modulate these three host cell processes. Here, we highlight recent work defining the mechanisms by which Toxoplasma interacts with these processes. In addition, we hypothesize why some processes are modified not only in the infected host cell but also in neighboring uninfected cells.
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372
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Zhao X, Li J, Zhu S, Liu Y, Zhao J, Wan M, Tang W. Rhein induces a necrosis-apoptosis switch in pancreatic acinar cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:404853. [PMID: 24959186 PMCID: PMC4053146 DOI: 10.1155/2014/404853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. The Chinese herbal medicine Da-Cheng-Qi decoction can regulate a necrosis-apoptosis switch in injured pancreatic acinar cells. This study investigated the effects of rhein, a component of this medicine, on a necrosis-apoptosis switch in pancreatic rat AR42J cells. Methods. Cerulein-treated AR42J cells were used. After pretreatment with 479, 119.8, or 29.9 μ g/L rhein, cells were cocultured with rhein and cerulein (10(-8) M) for 4, 8, or 16 h. Apoptosis and necrosis were examined using annexin V and propidium iodide costaining. Mitochondria-dependent apoptosis-associated proteins were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and western blotting. Results. Few cells died in untreated samples. The number was significantly higher in 16-h-cerulein-treated samples and treatment with 479 μ g/L rhein most effectively increased the apoptotic-to-necrotic cell ratio (P < 0.05). In cerulein-treated cells, rhein increased the concentrations of p53, cytochrome C, and caspase-3, and increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with the maximum effect in cells treated with 479 μ g/L rhein for 16 h (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Rhein induces the necrosis-apoptosis switch in injured pancreatic acinar cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Mitochondria-dependent apoptosis signaling pathways might play an important role in this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Zhao
- Pancreatic Diseases Research Group, Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Juan Li
- Pancreatic Diseases Research Group, Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shifeng Zhu
- Pancreatic Diseases Research Group, Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yiling Liu
- Pancreatic Diseases Research Group, Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianlei Zhao
- Pancreatic Diseases Research Group, Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meihua Wan
- Pancreatic Diseases Research Group, Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenfu Tang
- Pancreatic Diseases Research Group, Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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373
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Zhu X, Wang K, Zhang K, Zhu L, Zhou F. Ziyuglycoside II induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through activation of ROS/JNK pathway in human breast cancer cells. Toxicol Lett 2014; 227:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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374
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Yao M, Yang J, Cao L, Zhang L, Qu S, Gao H. Saikosaponin‑d inhibits proliferation of DU145 human prostate cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:365-72. [PMID: 24736800 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Saikosaponin‑d (SSd), a triterpene saponin compound derived from Bupleurum radix, has been shown to have a cytotoxic effect on various cancer cell lines. However, its effect on prostate cancer cells has remained unexplored. The present study reports the apoptosis‑inducing effect of SSd on the DU145 human prostate carcinoma cell line. Treatment with SSd inhibited DU145 cell proliferation in a concentration‑dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis showed that SSd inhibited the proliferation of DU145 cells by induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Further mechanistic experiments demonstrated that SSd arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase via upregulation of p53 and p21 and induced apoptosis by modulating B‑cell lymphoma 2 family proteins, dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and activation of caspase‑3. In conclusion the present study indicated that SSd induced apoptosis in DU145 cells by the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Therefore, SSd may become a leading candidate drug for the therapy of prostate carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- Department of Pathology, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Yang
- Department of Pathology, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Lanqing Cao
- Department of Pathology, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Qu
- Department of Pathology, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Hongwen Gao
- Department of Pathology, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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375
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Kim SC, Lee JR, Park SJ. Role of 6-shogaol in tert -butyl hydroperoxide-induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Pharmacology 2014; 93:137-44. [PMID: 24662601 DOI: 10.1159/000360090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of 6-shogaol on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative stress leading to apoptosis in human hepatoma cell line HepG2. The cells were exposed to tBHP (100 μmol/l) after pretreatment with 6-shogaol (2.5 and 5 μmol/l), and then cell viability was measured. 6-Shogaol fully prevented HepG2 cell death caused by tBHP. Treatment of tBHP resulted in apoptotic cell death as assessed by TUNEL assay and the expression of apoptosis regulator proteins, Bcl-2 family, caspases and cytochrome c. Cells treated with 6-shogaol showed rapid reduction of apoptosis by restoring these markers of apoptotic cells. In addition, 6-shogaol significantly recovered disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential as a start sign of hepatic apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. In line with this observation, antioxidative 6-shogaol inhibited generation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of reduced glutathione in tBHP-stimulated HepG2 cells. Taken together, these results for the first time showed antioxidative and antiapoptotic activities of 6-shogaol in tBHP-treated hepatoma HepG2 cells, suggesting that 6-shogaol could be beneficial in hepatic disorders caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chan Kim
- Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Formulation, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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376
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Zakaria S, Gamal-Eldeen AM, El-Daly SM, Saleh S. Synergistic apoptotic effect of Doxil ® and aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy on human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:227-38. [PMID: 24632331 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a natural heme precursor metabolized into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). PpIX preferentially accumulates in tumor cells resulting in the formation of singlet oxygen upon exposure to visible light. Doxil(®), an active agent against breast and ovarian cancer, is a nano-formulation of doxorubicin. This study aimed to investigate in vitro synergistic cytotoxic effect of low doses of combined chemotherapy and ALA/PDT to human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) compared to high doses of each individual therapy. METHODS MCF-7 cells were pretreated with Doxil(®) (48 h) followed by ALA/PDT (4h). The cell viability was evaluated by trypan blue assay and PpIX production was measured spectrofluorometrically. Alkaline phosphatase was determined as a marker for cellular differentiation. Apoptosis and necrosis were evaluated by fluorescence stains. The apoptosis cell death pathways were investigated: detection of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and percent of DNA fragmentation, malondialdehyde, histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, caspase-3 and death receptors (DR4 and DR5). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was determined by ELISA, as an angiogenic mediator. RESULTS There was a higher reduction in cell viability in Doxil(®)+ALA/PDT-treated cells compared with their individual effect. The combined therapy showed enhanced apoptosis with a significant increase in the loss of ΔΨm, DNA fragmentation %, caspase-3, DR4, DR5 and lipid peroxides and inhibited HDAC. Pretreatment with Doxil(®) resulted in a twofold increase in the intracellular PpIX, by increasing the PDT killing of MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSION The combined therapy using 50% of IC50 of ALA/PDT and Doxil(®) possessed a synergistic apoptotic effect on MCF-7 cells compared to 100% of IC50 of each therapy through enhancing both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, thus may minimize side effects of Doxil(®) and ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soad Zakaria
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, October 6 City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amira M Gamal-Eldeen
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sherien M El-Daly
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samira Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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377
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Tang Q, Ji Q, Tang Y, Chen T, Pan G, Hu S, Bao Y, Peng W, Yin P. Mitochondrial translocation of cofilin-1 promotes apoptosis of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells induced by ursolic acid. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:2451-9. [PMID: 24197982 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of gastric cancer is characterized by excessive proliferation, abnormal differentiation, and reduced apoptosis. Ursolic acid, extracted from traditional Chinese medicine bearberry, inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer. However, the mechanism of the proapoptotic effect of ursolic acid on gastric cancer cells needs further investigation. In our present study, we found in apoptotic gastric cancer BGC-823 cells induced by ursolic acid that a translocation of cofilin-1 protein from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria promoted the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, thereby activating the caspase cascade and finally inducing gastric cancer cell apoptosis. These results implied that the mitochondrial translocation of cofilin-1 might play a crucial role in the promotion of apoptosis and might be a key target for future treatment of human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratories & Experimental Center, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
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378
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Ale-Agha N, Dyballa-Rukes N, Jakob S, Altschmied J, Haendeler J. Cellular functions of the dual-targeted catalytic subunit of telomerase, telomerase reverse transcriptase--potential role in senescence and aging. Exp Gerontol 2014; 56:189-93. [PMID: 24583100 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 40 years it has become clear that telomeres, the end of the chromosomes, and the enzyme telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), which is required to counteract their shortening, play a pivotal role in senescence and aging. However, over the last years several studies demonstrated that TERT belongs to the group of dual-targeted proteins. It contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal as well as a mitochondrial targeting sequence and, under physiological conditions, is found in both organelles in several cell types including terminally differentiated, post-mitotic cells. The canonical function of TERT is to prevent telomere erosion and thereby the development of replicative senescence and genetic instability. Besides telomere extension, TERT exhibits other non-telomeric activities such as cell cycle regulation, modulation of cellular signaling and gene expression, augmentation of proliferative lifespan as well as DNA damage responses. Mitochondrial TERT is able to reduce reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial DNA damage and apoptosis. Because of the localization of TERT in the nucleus and in the mitochondria, it must have different functions in the two organelles as mitochondrial DNA does not contain telomeric structures. However, the organelle-specific functions are not completely understood. Strikingly, the regulation by phosphorylation of TERT seems to reveal multiple parallels. This review will summarize the current knowledge about the cellular functions and post-translational regulation of the dual-targeted protein TERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Ale-Agha
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of Duesseldorf gGmbH, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Nadine Dyballa-Rukes
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of Duesseldorf gGmbH, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Sascha Jakob
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of Duesseldorf gGmbH, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Joachim Altschmied
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of Duesseldorf gGmbH, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Central Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Germany; IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of Duesseldorf gGmbH, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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379
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Zhao Z, Yang C, Li L, Zhao T, Wang L, Rong R, Yang B, Xu M, Zhu T. Increased peripheral and local soluble FGL2 in the recovery of renal ischemia reperfusion injury in a porcine kidney auto-transplantation model. J Transl Med 2014; 12:53. [PMID: 24559374 PMCID: PMC3936847 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regulatory T cells (Treg) protect kidney against ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury via suppressing innate immunity, but the mechanism has not been fully clarified. Soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFGL2), a novel effector of Treg, may affect apoptosis and inflammation. This study investigated the role of sFGL2 in renal IR injury in a porcine kidney auto-transplantation model. Materials and methods The left kidney was retrieved from mini pigs and infused by University of Wisconsin solution into the renal artery with the renal artery and vein clamped for 24-h cold storage. After the right nephrectomy, the left kidney was auto-transplanted into the right for 2 weeks. 3 pigs were sacrificed at day 2, 5, 7, 10 and 14 post-transplantation respectively. Collected renal tissues and daily blood samples were stored for further analyses. Results Both serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were maximized during day 2 to 5 and followed by a gradual recovery over 2 weeks. The similar pattern were showed in histological damage, myeloperoxidase + cells and apoptosis in the kidney, as well as circulating TNF-α and IFN-γ. Serum sFGL2 presented a fluctuating increase and reached a peak at day 10. The expression of sFGL2 and its receptor FcγRIIB as well as Foxp3 and IL-10 in the kidney was notably increased from day 5 to 10. Conclusion The increased sFGL2 together with FcγRIIB during renal recovery after IR injury suggested that sFGL2 might be a potential renoprotective mediator involved in the renal self-repairing and remodeling in this 2-week porcine auto-transplantation model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bin Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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380
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Karakas-Celik S, Aras N. An in-vitro investigation of the effect of perfluorooctane sulphonate on cell lines of embryonic origin. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:3755-9. [PMID: 24535269 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated organic compounds, such as perfluorooctane sulfonate, are stable chemicals with a wide range of industrial applications. The potential toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate is not well characterized, and even less known are the mechanisms underlying its toxic effects. Perfluorooctane sulfonate change of inner mitochondrial membrane permeability has been implicated as a potential mechanism of toxicity. In this study, we research that perfluorooctane sulfonate effects the expression of Apaf1 and Caspase3 genes in the amnion and fetal lung cell line that initiate the cells to undergo apoptosis. The expression of Caspase3 and Apaf1 was determined by using quantitative RT-PCR. In the study there is significant increase in expression of Caspase3 and Apaf1 in amnion and fetal lung cell line exposed to high dose (p < 0.001, p = 0.004). Also there is significant increase in cell lines exposed for a long period of time to perfluorooctane sulfonate (p = 0.001). But no significant increase was seen in the low doses and exposed for a short period of time. In conclusion, apoptotic gene expression is increase in cells exposed perfluorooctane sulfonate by dose dependent manner was determined. So this work is the first study examines the apoptotic effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate in human embryonic cells it will lead the way to the other topical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Karakas-Celik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey,
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381
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LU SEN, GAO YUN, HUANG XINLI, WANG XUEHAO. GYY4137, a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor, shows potent anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity through blocking the STAT3 pathway. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1259-67. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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382
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Zhao Z, Yang C, Wang L, Li L, Zhao T, Hu L, Rong R, Xu M, Zhu T. The regulatory T cell effector soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 induces tubular epithelial cell apoptosis in renal transplantation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:193-201. [PMID: 24414480 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213514921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute rejection (AR) hinders renal allograft survival. Tubular epithelial cell (TEC) apoptosis contributes to premature graft loss in AR, while the mechanism remains unclear. Soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFGL2), a novel effector of regulatory T cells (Treg), induces apoptosis to mediate tissue injury. We previously found that serum sFGL2 significantly increased in renal allograft rejection patients. In this study, the role of sFGL2 in AR was further investigated both in vivo and in vitro. The serum level of sFGL2 and the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg in the peripheral blood were measured in renal allograft recipients with AR or stable renal function (n = 30 per group). The human TEC was stimulated with sFGL2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, or phosphate buffered saline and investigated for apoptosis in vitro. Apoptosis-associated genes expression in TEC was further assessed. Approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Fudan University. Our results showed that the serum level of sFGL2, correlated with Treg in the peripheral blood, was significantly increased in the AR patients. In vitro, sFGL2 remarkably induced TEC apoptosis, with a significant up-regulation of proapoptotic genes, including CASP-3, CASP-8, CASP-9, CASP-10, TRADD, TNFSF10, FADD, FAS, FASLG, BAK1, BAD, BAX, and NF-KB1. However, no significant changes were observed in the expression of antiapoptotic genes, including CARD-18, NAIP, BCL2, IKBKB, and TBK1. Therefore, sFGL2, an effector of Treg, induces TEC apoptosis. Our study suggests that sFGL2 is a potential mediator in the pathogenesis of allograft rejection and provides novel insights into the role of Treg in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Zhao
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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383
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Brand MD, Orr AL, Perevoshchikova IV, Quinlan CL. The role of mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics in ageing and disease. Br J Dermatol 2014; 169 Suppl 2:1-8. [PMID: 23786614 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria constitute an important topic of biomedical enquiry (one paper in every 154 indexed in PubMed since 1998 is retrieved by the keyword 'mitochondria') because of widespread recognition of their importance in cell physiology and pathology. Mitochondrial dysfunction is widely implicated in ageing and in the diseases of ageing, through dysfunction in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, Ca(2+) homeostasis, central metabolic pathways or radical production. Nonetheless, the mechanisms and regulation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide formation by mitochondria remain poorly described. Measurement of the capacities of different sites of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production in isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria show that the maximum capacities of sites in complexes I, II and III and in several associated redox enzymes greatly exceed the native rates observed in the absence of respiratory chain inhibitors. In vitro, the native rates and the relative importance of different sites both depend on the substrate being oxidized, with sites IQ, IIF, GPDH, IF and IIIQo each being important with particular substrates. The techniques involved in measuring rates from each site should become applicable to cell cultures and in vivo in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Brand
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
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384
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Paczkowska E, Kaczyńska K, Pius-Sadowska E, Rogińska D, Kawa M, Ustianowski P, Safranow K, Celewicz Z, Machaliński B. Humoral activity of cord blood-derived stem/progenitor cells: implications for stem cell-based adjuvant therapy of neurodegenerative disorders. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83833. [PMID: 24391835 PMCID: PMC3877125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem/progenitor cells (SPCs) demonstrate neuro-regenerative potential that is dependent upon their humoral activity by producing various trophic factors regulating cell migration, growth, and differentiation. Herein, we compared the expression of neurotrophins (NTs) and their receptors in specific umbilical cord blood (UCB) SPC populations, including lineage-negative, CD34+, and CD133+ cells, with that in unsorted, nucleated cells (NCs). Methods and Results The expression of NTs and their receptors was detected by QRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining in UCB-derived SPC populations (i.e., NCs vs. lineage-negative, CD34+, and CD133+ cells). To better characterize, global gene expression profiles of SPCs were determined using genome-wide RNA microarray technology. Furthermore, the intracellular production of crucial neuro-regenerative NTs (i.e., BDNF and NT-3) was assessed in NCs and lineage-negative cells after incubation for 24, 48, and 72 h in both serum and serum-free conditions. We discovered significantly higher expression of NTs and NT receptors at both the mRNA and protein level in lineage-negative, CD34+, and CD133+ cells than in NCs. Global gene expression analysis revealed considerably higher expression of genes associated with the production and secretion of proteins, migration, proliferation, and differentiation in lineage-negative cells than in CD34+ or CD133+ cell populations. Notably, after short-term incubation under serum-free conditions, lineage-negative cells and NCs produced significantly higher amounts of BDNF and NT-3 than under steady-state conditions. Finally, conditioned medium (CM) from lineage-negative SPCs exerted a beneficial impact on neural cell survival and proliferation. Conclusions Collectively, our findings demonstrate that UCB-derived SPCs highly express NTs and their relevant receptors under steady-state conditions, NT expression is greater under stress-related conditions and that CM from SPCs favorable influence neural cell proliferation and survival. Understanding the mechanisms governing the characterization and humoral activity of subsets of SPCs may yield new therapeutic strategies that might be more effective in treating neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Paczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kaczyńska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Pius-Sadowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dorota Rogińska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Miłosz Kawa
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Przemysław Ustianowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Celewicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- * E-mail:
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385
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Tsang PWK, Wong APK, Yang HP, Li NF. Purpurin triggers caspase-independent apoptosis in Candida dubliniensis biofilms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e86032. [PMID: 24376900 PMCID: PMC3871571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida dubliniensis is an important human fungal pathogen that causes oral infections in patients with AIDS and diabetes mellitus. However, C. Dubliniensis has been frequently reported in bloodstream infections in clinical settings. Like its phylogenetically related virulent species C. albicans, C. Dubliniensis is able to grow and switch between yeast form and filamentous form (hyphae) and develops biofilms on both abiotic and biotic surfaces. Biofilms are recalcitrant to antifungal therapies and C. Dubliniensis readily turns drug resistant upon repeated exposure. More than 80% of infections are associated with biofilms. Suppression of fungal biofilms may therefore represent a viable antifungal strategy with clinical relevance. Here, we report that C. dubliniensis biofilms were inhibited by purpurin, a natural anthraquinone pigment isolated from madder root. Purpurin inhibited C. dubliniensis biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent manner; while mature biofilms were less susceptible to purpurin. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed scanty structure consisting of yeast cells in purpurin-treated C. dubliniensis biofilms. We sought to delineate the mechanisms of the anti-biofilm activity of purpurin on C. Dubliniensis. Intracellular ROS levels were significantly elevated in fungal biofilms and depolarization of MMP was evident upon purpurin treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. DNA degradation was evident. However, no activated metacaspase could be detected. Together, purpurin triggered metacaspase-independent apoptosis in C. dubliniensis biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Wai-Kei Tsang
- Oral BioSciences, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Alan Pak-Kin Wong
- Oral BioSciences, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Hai-Ping Yang
- Oral BioSciences, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Ngai-For Li
- Oral BioSciences, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
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386
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Cabon L, Martinez-Torres AC, Susin SA. [Programmed cell death comes in many flavors]. Med Sci (Paris) 2013; 29:1117-24. [PMID: 24356142 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20132912015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is nowadays what comes first to your scientist mind when someone mentions cellular suicide. However this is not the sole form of programmed cell death and many other alternative or atypical pathways have now been described. These pathways are indeed rather preferred to apoptosis in some instances based on tissue origin, cell type or development stage of the target cell. In this review, we describe many different programmed cell death subtypes according to their characteristics. Discrete, brutal, final or singular cell death pathways all participate in the elimination of unwanted, damaged or dangerous cells in organisms hence contributing to our knowledge of this particular feature of living beings: dying! Through description of anoikis, necroptosis, entosis, netosis, pyroptosis or ferroptosis, we have no choice but to realize that programmed cell death comes in many flavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Cabon
- Inserm U872, équipe 19 « mort cellulaire programmée et physiopathologie des cellules tumorales », Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne-Universités, UMRS 872, 15, rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Ana-Carolina Martinez-Torres
- Inserm U872, équipe 19 « mort cellulaire programmée et physiopathologie des cellules tumorales », Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne-Universités, UMRS 872, 15, rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Santos A Susin
- Inserm U872, équipe 19 « mort cellulaire programmée et physiopathologie des cellules tumorales », Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne-Universités, UMRS 872, 15, rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
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387
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Improved mitochondrial function underlies the protective effect of pirfenidone against tubulointerstitial fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83593. [PMID: 24349535 PMCID: PMC3857290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional mitochondria participate in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Pirfenidone is a newly identified anti-fibrotic drug. However, its mechanism remains unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early event that occurs prior to the onset of renal fibrosis. In this context, we investigated the protective effect of pirfenidone on mitochondria and its relevance to apoptosis and oxidative stress in renal proximal tubular cells. A remnant kidney rat model was established. Human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK2) using rotenone, a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ι inhibitor were further investigated in vitro to examine the mitochondrial protective effect of pirfenidone. Pirfenidone protected mitochondrial structures and functions by stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane potential, maintaining ATP production and improving the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. Pirfenidone decreased tubular cell apoptosis by inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway. Pirfenidone also reduced oxidative stress by enhancing manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and inhibiting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which suggested that the anti-oxidant effects occurred at least partially via the mitochondrial pathway. Pirfenidone may be effective prior to the onset of renal fibrosis because this drug exerts its anti-fibrotic effect by protection of mitochondria in renal proximal tubular cells.
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388
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Negrette-Guzmán M, Huerta-Yepez S, Tapia E, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Modulation of mitochondrial functions by the indirect antioxidant sulforaphane: a seemingly contradictory dual role and an integrative hypothesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1078-1089. [PMID: 23999506 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN) was early linked to anticarcinogenic and antiproliferative activities. Soon after, this compound, derived from cruciferous vegetables, became an excellent and useful trial for anti-cancer research in experimental models including growth tumor, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Many subsequent reports showed modifications in mitochondrial signaling, functionality, and integrity induced by SFN. When cytoprotective effects were found in toxic and ischemic insult models, seemingly contradictory behaviors of SFN were discovered: SFN was inducing deleterious changes in cancer cell mitochondria that eventually would carry the cell to death via apoptosis and also was protecting noncancer cell mitochondria against oxidative challenge, which prevented cell death. In both cases, SFN exhibited effects on mitochondrial redox balance and phase II enzyme expression, mitochondrial membrane potential, expression of the family of B cell lymphoma 2 homologs, regulation of proapoptotic proteins released from mitochondria, activation/inactivation of caspases, mitochondrial respiratory complex activities, oxygen consumption and bioenergetics, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and modulation of some kinase pathways. With the ultimate findings related to the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis by SFN, it could be considered that SFN has effects on mitochondrial dynamics that explain some divergent points. In this review, we list the reports involving effects on mitochondrial modulation by SFN in anti-cancer models as well as in cytoprotective models against oxidative damage. We also attempt to integrate the data into a mechanism explaining the various effects of SFN on mitochondrial function in only one concept, taking into account mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics and making a comparison with the theory of reactive oxygen species threshold of cell death. Our interest is to achieve a complete view of cancer and protective therapies based on SFN that can be extended to other chemotherapeutic compounds with similar characteristics. The work needed to test this hypothesis is quite extensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Negrette-Guzmán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal, Departamento de Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
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389
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Lycopene protects against memory impairment and mito-oxidative damage induced by colchicine in rats: An evidence of nitric oxide signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 721:373-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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390
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Plumbagin induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2013; 344:239-59. [PMID: 24280585 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin (PLB) has shown anti-cancer activity but the mechanism is unclear. This study has found that PLB has a potent pro-apoptotic and pro-autophagic effect on A549 and H23 cells. PLB arrests cells in G2/M phase, and increases the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species in both cell lines. PLB dose-dependently induces autophagy through inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as indicated by reduced phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR. Inhibition or induction of autophagy enhances PLB-induced apoptosis. There is crosstalk between PLB-induced apoptosis and autophagy. These findings indicate that PLB initiates both apoptosis and autophagy in NSCLC cells through coordinated pathways.
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391
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Wang K, Zhu L, Zhu X, Zhang K, Huang B, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Zhou B, Zhou F. Protective effect of paeoniflorin on Aβ25-35-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 34:227-34. [PMID: 24263411 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-0006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative brain disorder affecting about 14 million people worldwide. Aβ-induced cell injury is a crucial cause of neuronal loss in AD, thus the suppression of which might be useful for the treatment of this disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of paeoniflorin (PF), a monoterpene glycoside isolated from aqueous extract of Radix Paeoniae Alba, on Aβ25-35-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. The results showed PF could attenuate or restore the viability loss, apoptotic increase, and ROS production induced by Aβ25-35 in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, PF strikingly inhibited Aβ25-35-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, which includes decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c release and activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Therefore, our study provided the first experimental evidence that PF could modulate ROS production and apoptotic mitochondrial pathway in model of neuron injury in vitro and which might provide new insights into its application toward Alzheimer's disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, Jiangsu Province, China,
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392
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Zheng J, Yang M, Shao J, Miao Y, Han J, Du J. Chemokine receptor CX3CR1 contributes to macrophage survival in tumor metastasis. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:141. [PMID: 24245985 PMCID: PMC4176124 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages, the key component of the tumor microenvironment, are differentiated mononuclear phagocyte lineage cells that are characterized by specific phenotypic characteristics that have been implicated in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and invasion. CX3CR1, the chemoattractant cytokine CX3CL1 receptor, plays an important role in modulating inflammatory responses, including monocyte homeostasis and macrophage phenotype and function. However, the role of CX3CR1 in the regulation of the tumor inflammatory microenvironment is not fully understood. Methods Using in vivo hepatic metastasis model, human colon carcinoma specimens, immunohistochemical staining, TUNEL staining, flow cytometry analysis, Western blotting assay and co-culture in three-dimensional peptide gel, we determined the effects of CX3CR1 on angiogenic macrophage survival and tumor metastasis. Results In this study, we found that CX3CR1 was expressed in human colon carcinomas in a histologic grade- and stage-dependent manner, and CX3CR1 upregulation in TAMs was correlated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, we showed that in a microenvironment lacking CX3CR1, the liver metastasis of colon cancer cells was significantly inhibited. The underlying mechanism is associated with decrease accumulation of angiogenic macrophages that can be partly attributed to increased apoptosis in the tumor microenvironment, thus leading to impaired tumor angiogenesis in the liver and suppressed tumor metastasis. Conclusions Our results suggest a role of CX3CR1 in angiogenic macrophage survival in the tumor microenvironment contributing to tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zheng
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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393
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Phosphatidylserine-mediated cellular signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 991:177-93. [PMID: 23775696 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6331-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS), a phospholipid with a negatively charged head group, is an important constituent of eukaryotic membranes. Rather than being a passive component of cellular membranes, PS plays an important role in a number of signaling pathways. Signaling is mediated by proteins that are recruited and/or activated by PS in one of two ways: via domains that stereospecifically recognize the head group, or by electrostatic interactions with membranes that are rich in PS and therefore display negative surface charge. Such interactions are key to both intracellular and extracellular signaling cascades. PS, exposed extracellularly, is instrumental in triggering blood clotting and also serves as an "eat me" signal for the clearance of apoptotic cells. Inside the cell, a number of pathways depend of PS; these include kinases, small GTPases and fusogenic proteins. This review will discuss the generation and distribution of PS, current methods of phospholipid visualization within live cells, as well as the current understanding of the role of PS in both extracellular and intracellular signaling events.
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394
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Pujari R, Eligar SM, Kumar N, Barkeer S, Reddy V, Swamy BM, Inamdar SR, Shastry P. Rhizoctonia bataticola lectin (RBL) induces caspase-8-mediated apoptosis in human T-cell leukemia cell lines but not in normal CD3 and CD34 positive cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79311. [PMID: 24244478 PMCID: PMC3828372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated immunostimulatory activity of a fungal lectin, Rhizoctonia bataticola lectin (RBL), towards normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The present study aimed to explore the anticancer activities of RBL using human leukemic T-cell lines, Molt-4, Jurkat and HuT-78. RBL exhibited significant binding (>90%) to the cell membrane that was effectively inhibited by complex glycoproteins such as mucin (97% inhibition) and asialofetuin (94% inhibition) but not simple sugars such as N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, glucose and sucrose. RBL induced a dose and time dependent inhibition of proliferation and induced cytotoxicity in the cell lines. The percentage of apoptotic cells, as determined by hypodiploidy, was 33% and 42% in Molt-4 and Jurkat cells, respectively, compared to 3.11% and 2.92% in controls. This effect was associated with a concomitant decrease in the G0/G1 population. Though initiator caspase-8 and -9 were activated upon exposure to RBL, inhibition of caspase-8 but not caspase-9 rescued cells from RBL-induced apoptosis. Mechanistic studies revealed that RBL induced cleavage of Bid, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspase-3. The expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X was down regulated without altering the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins- Bad and Bax. In contrast to leukemic cells, RBL did not induce apoptosis in normal PBMC, isolated CD3+ve cells and undifferentiated CD34+ve hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). The findings highlight the differential effects of RBL on transformed and normal hematopoietic cells and suggest that RBL may be explored for therapeutic applications in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Pujari
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin M. Eligar
- Department of Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Natesh Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srikanth Barkeer
- Department of Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishwanath Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Bale M. Swamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Padma Shastry
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail:
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395
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Forni C, Braglia R, Mulinacci N, Urbani A, Ronci M, Gismondi A, Tabolacci C, Provenzano B, Lentini A, Beninati S. Antineoplastic activity of strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) crude extracts on B16-F10 melanoma cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 10:1255-63. [PMID: 24185584 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The antiproliferative and differentiation potential of anthocyanin-rich strawberry fruit crude extracts (SE) were investigated on B16-F10 murine melanoma cells. Treatment of melanoma cells with SE produced a remarkable reduction of cell proliferation, paralleled with both the lowering of the intracellular levels of polyamine, and the enhancement of tissue transglutaminase (TG2, EC 2.3.2.13) activity (used as a differentiation marker). To gain further insight into profiling altered protein expression as a potential biomarker of the SE action on melanoma cells, analysis of the proteomic profile was performed on the treated B16-F10 cells, compared to the control. Following SE treatment, 30 proteins resulted up-regulated, and 87 proteins were down-regulated. In particular proteins overexpressed in cancer cells, involved in tumor progression and metabolism, were down-regulated. The possibility that SE may affect the Warburg effect in B16-F10 melanoma cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Forni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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396
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Transcriptional profiling of mEq-dependent genes in Marek's disease resistant and susceptible inbred chicken lines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78171. [PMID: 24205146 PMCID: PMC3804455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marek’s disease (MD) is an economically significant disease in chickens caused by the highly oncogenic Marek’s disease virus (MDV). Understanding the genes and biological pathways that confer MD genetic resistance should lead towards the development of more disease resistant commercial poultry flocks or improved MD vaccines. MDV mEq, a bZIP transcription factor, is largely attributed to viral oncogenicity though only a few host target genes have been described, which has impeded our understanding of MDV-induced tumorigenesis. Given the importance of mEq in MDV-induced pathogenesis, we explored the role of mEq in genetic resistance to MDV. Using global transcriptome analysis and cells from MD resistant or susceptible birds, we compared the response to infection with either wild type MDV or a nononcogenic recombinant lacking mEq. As a result, we identified a number of specific genes and pathways associated with either MD resistance or susceptibility. Additionally, integrating prior information from ChIP-seq, microarray analysis, and SNPs exhibiting allele-specific expression (ASE) in response to MDV infection, we were able to provide evidence for 24 genes that are polymorphic within mEq binding sites are likely to account for gene expression in an allele-specific manner and potentially for the underlying genetic differences in MD incidence.
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397
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Chen L, Zhang F, Kong D, Zhu X, Chen W, Wang A, Zheng S. Saikosaponin D disrupts platelet-derived growth factor-β receptor/p38 pathway leading to mitochondrial apoptosis in human LO2 hepatocyte cells: A potential mechanism of hepatotoxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206:76-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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398
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Vannuvel K, Renard P, Raes M, Arnould T. Functional and morphological impact of ER stress on mitochondria. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1802-18. [PMID: 23629871 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past years, knowledge and evidence about the existence of crosstalks between cellular organelles and their potential effects on survival or cell death have been constantly growing. More recently, evidence accumulated showing an intimate relationship between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. These close contacts not only establish extensive physical links allowing exchange of lipids and calcium but they can also coordinate pathways involved in cell life and death. It is now obvious that ER dysfunction/stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) as well as mitochondria play major roles in apoptosis. However, while the effects of major ER stress on cell death have been largely studied and reviewed, it becomes more and more evident that cells might regularly deal with sublethal ER stress, a condition that does not necessarily lead to cell death but might affect the function/activity of other organelles such as mitochondria. In this review, we will particularly focus on these new, interesting and intriguing metabolic and morphological events that occur during the early adaptative phase of the ER stress, before the onset of cell death, and that remain largely unknown. Relevance and implication of these mitochondrial changes in response to ER stress conditions for human diseases such as type II diabetes and Alzheimer's disease will also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleen Vannuvel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, URBC-NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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399
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Tokar T, Turcan Z, Ulicny J. Boolean network-based model of the Bcl-2 family mediated MOMP regulation. Theor Biol Med Model 2013; 10:40. [PMID: 23767791 PMCID: PMC3716804 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-10-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) is one of the most important points in the majority of apoptotic signaling cascades and it is controlled by a network of interactions between the members of the Bcl-2 family. Methods To understand the role of individual members of this family within the MOMP regulation, we have constructed a Boolean network-based model of interactions between the Bcl-2 proteins. Results Computational simulations have revealed the existence of trapping states which, independently from the incoming stimuli, block the occurrence of MOMP. Our results emphasize the role of the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1 in the majority of these configurations. We demonstrate here the importance of the Bid and Bim for activation of effectors Bax and Bak, and the irreversibility of this activation. The model further points to the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-w as a key factor preventing Bax activation. Conclusions In spite of relative simplicity, the Boolean network-based model provides useful insight into main functioning logic of the Bcl-2 switch, consistent with experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Tokar
- Department of Biophysics, University of PJ Safarik, Jesenna 5, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
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400
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Alterations in c-Myc phenotypes resulting from dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fission. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e670. [PMID: 23764851 PMCID: PMC3702284 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The c-Myc (Myc) oncoprotein regulates numerous phenotypes pertaining to cell mass, survival and metabolism. Glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial biogenesis are positively controlled by Myc, with myc−/− rat fibroblasts displaying atrophic mitochondria, structural and functional defects in electron transport chain (ETC) components, compromised OXPHOS and ATP depletion. However, while Myc influences mitochondrial structure and function, it is not clear to what extent the reverse is true. To test this, we induced a state of mitochondrial hyper-fission in rat fibroblasts by de-regulating Drp1, a dynamin-like GTPase that participates in the terminal fission process. The mitochondria from these cells showed reduced mass and interconnectivity, a paucity of cristae, a marked reduction in OXPHOS and structural and functional defects in ETC Complexes I and V. High rates of abortive mitochondrial fusion were observed, likely reflecting ongoing, but ultimately futile, attempts to normalize mitochondrial mass. Cellular consequences included reduction of cell volume, ATP depletion and activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase. In response to Myc deregulation, apoptosis was significantly impaired both in the absence and presence of serum, although this could be reversed by increasing ATP levels by pharmacologic means. The current work demonstrates that enforced mitochondrial fission closely recapitulates a state of Myc deficiency and that mitochondrial integrity and function can affect Myc-regulated cellular behaviors. The low intracellular ATP levels that are frequently seen in some tumors as a result of inadequate vascular perfusion could favor tumor survival by countering the pro-apoptotic tendencies of Myc overexpression.
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