351
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Parkin A, Man J, Timpson P, Pajic M. Targeting the complexity of Src signalling in the tumour microenvironment of pancreatic cancer: from mechanism to therapy. FEBS J 2019; 286:3510-3539. [PMID: 31330086 PMCID: PMC6771888 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, a disease with extremely poor prognosis, has been notoriously resistant to virtually all forms of treatment. The dynamic crosstalk that occurs between tumour cells and the surrounding stroma, frequently mediated by intricate Src/FAK signalling, is increasingly recognised as a key player in pancreatic tumourigenesis, disease progression and therapeutic resistance. These important cues are fundamental for defining the invasive potential of pancreatic tumours, and several components of the Src and downstream effector signalling have been proposed as potent anticancer therapeutic targets. Consequently, numerous agents that block this complex network are being extensively investigated as potential antiinvasive and antimetastatic therapeutic agents for this disease. In this review, we will discuss the latest evidence of Src signalling in PDAC progression, fibrotic response and resistance to therapy. We will examine future opportunities for the development and implementation of more effective combination regimens, targeting key components of the oncogenic Src signalling axis, and in the context of a precision medicine-guided approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Parkin
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreThe Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
| | - Jennifer Man
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreThe Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreThe Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineSt Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of NSWSydneyAustralia
| | - Marina Pajic
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreThe Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineSt Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of NSWSydneyAustralia
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352
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Han T, Jiang S, Zheng H, Yin Q, Xie M, Little MR, Yin X, Chen M, Song SJ, Beg AA, Pandolfi PP, Wan L. Interplay between c-Src and the APC/C co-activator Cdh1 regulates mammary tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3716. [PMID: 31420536 PMCID: PMC6697746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) coactivator Cdh1 drives proper cell cycle progression and is implicated in the suppression of tumorigenesis. However, it remains elusive how Cdh1 restrains cancer progression and how tumor cells escape the inhibition of Cdh1. Here we report that Cdh1 suppresses the kinase activity of c-Src in an APC-independent manner. Depleting Cdh1 accelerates breast cancer cell proliferation and cooperates with PTEN loss to promote breast tumor progression in mice. Hyperactive c-Src, on the other hand, reciprocally inhibits the ubiquitin E3 ligase activity of APCCdh1 through direct phosphorylation of Cdh1 at its N-terminus, which disrupts the interaction between Cdh1 and the APC core complex. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of c-Src restores APCCdh1 tumor suppressor function to repress a panel of APCCdh1 oncogenic substrates. Our findings reveal a reciprocal feedback circuit of Cdh1 and c-Src in the crosstalk between the cell cycle machinery and the c-Src signaling pathway. The Anaphase Promoting Complex adaptor protein Cdh1 tightly controls cell cycle progression to restrain tumorigenesis but the mechanism is not completely known. Here, the authors show that reciprocal inhibition between Cdh1 and the c-Src signaling pathway regulate breast cancer tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Han
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Shulong Jiang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Jining NO.1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Qing Yin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Mengyu Xie
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Margaret R Little
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA
| | - Xiu Yin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Jining NO.1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Su Jung Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Amer A Beg
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Lixin Wan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. .,Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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353
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Suppan C, Brcic I, Tiran V, Mueller HD, Posch F, Auer M, Ercan E, Ulz P, Cote RJ, Datar RH, Dandachi N, Heitzer E, Balic M. Untargeted Assessment of Tumor Fractions in Plasma for Monitoring and Prognostication from Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Systemic Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1171. [PMID: 31416207 PMCID: PMC6721524 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic and predictive value of an untargeted assessment of tumor fractions in the plasma of metastatic breast cancer patients and to compare circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) with circulating tumor cells (CTC) and conventional tumor markers. In metastatic breast cancer patients (n = 29), tumor fractions in plasma were assessed using the untargeted mFAST-SeqS method from 127 serial blood samples. Resulting z-scores for the ctDNA were compared to tumor fractions established with the recently published ichorCNA algorithm and associated with the clinical outcome. We observed a close correlation between mFAST-SeqS z-scores and ichorCNA ctDNA quantifications. Patients with mFAST-SeqS z-scores above three (34.5%) showed significantly worse overall survival (p = 0.014) and progression-free survival (p = 0.018) compared to patients with lower values. Elevated z-score values were clearly associated with radiologically proven progression. The baseline CTC count, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and cancer antigen (CA)15-5 had no prognostic impact on the outcome of patients in the analyzed cohort. This proof of principle study demonstrates the prognostic impact of ctDNA levels detected with mFAST-SeqS as a very fast and cost-effective means to assess the ctDNA fraction without prior knowledge of the genetic landscape of the tumor. Furthermore, mFAST-SeqS-based ctDNA levels provided an early means of measuring treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Suppan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Iva Brcic
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Tiran
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Hannah D Mueller
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Posch
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Auer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Erkan Ercan
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Ulz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Richard J Cote
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ram H Datar
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Nadia Dandachi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit Epigenetic and Genetic Cancer Biomarkers, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Liquid Biopsies for Early Detection of Cancer, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Marija Balic
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit Circulating Tumor Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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354
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Ladányi A, Tímár J. Immunologic and immunogenomic aspects of tumor progression. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:249-261. [PMID: 31419526 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression to metastatic disease is characterized by continuous genetic alterations due to instability of the genome. Immune sensitivity was found to be linked to tumor mutational burden (TMB) and the resulting amount of neoantigens. However, APOBEC activity resulting in increase in TMB causes immune evasion. On the other hand, clonal or acquired genetic loss of HLA class I also hampers immune sensitivity of tumors. Rare amplification of the PD-L1 gene in cancers may render them sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors but involvement of broader regions of chromosome 9p may ultimately lead again to immune evasion due to inactivation of the IFN-γ signaling pathway. Such genetic changes may occur not only in the primary tumor but at any phase of progression: in lymphatic as well as in visceral metastases. Accordingly, it is rational to monitor these changes continuously during disease progression similar to target therapies. Moreover, beside temporal variability, genomic features of tumors such as mutation profiles, as well as the tumor immune microenvironment also show considerable inter- and intratumoral spatial heterogeneity, suggesting the necessity of multiple sampling in biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - József Tímár
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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355
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Ampelopsin E Reduces the Invasiveness of the Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line, MDA-MB-231. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142619. [PMID: 31323836 PMCID: PMC6680398 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. It has two distinctive hallmarks: rapid abnormal growth and the ability to invade and metastasize. During metastasis, cancer cells are thought to form actin-rich protrusions, called invadopodia, which degrade the extracellular matrix. Current breast cancer treatments, particularly chemotherapy, comes with adverse effects like immunosuppression, resistance development and secondary tumour formation. Hence, naturally-occurring molecules claimed to be less toxic are being studied as new drug candidates. Ampelopsin E, a natural oligostilbene extracted from Dryobalanops species, has exhibited various pharmacological properties, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, there is yet no scientific evidence of the effects of ampelopsin E towards metastasis. Scratch assay, transwell migration and invasion assays, invadopodia and gelatin degradation assays, and ELISA were used to determine the effects of ampelopsin E towards the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells. Strikingly in this study, ampelopsin E was able to halt migration, transmigration and invasion in MDA-MB-231 cells by reducing formation of invadopodia and its degradation capability through significant reduction (p < 0.05) in expression levels of PDGF, MMP2, MMP9 and MMP14. In conclusion, ampelopsin E reduced the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells and was proven to be a potential alternative in treating TNBC.
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356
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Uncovering the signaling landscape controlling breast cancer cell migration identifies novel metastasis driver genes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2983. [PMID: 31278301 PMCID: PMC6611796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ttriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and highly metastatic breast cancer subtype. Enhanced TNBC cell motility is a prerequisite of TNBC cell dissemination. Here, we apply an imaging-based RNAi phenotypic cell migration screen using two highly motile TNBC cell lines (Hs578T and MDA-MB-231) to provide a repository of signaling determinants that functionally drive TNBC cell motility. We have screened ~4,200 target genes individually and discovered 133 and 113 migratory modulators of Hs578T and MDA-MB-231, respectively, which are linked to signaling networks predictive for breast cancer progression. The splicing factors PRPF4B and BUD31 and the transcription factor BPTF are essential for cancer cell migration, amplified in human primary breast tumors and associated with metastasis-free survival. Depletion of PRPF4B, BUD31 and BPTF causes primarily down regulation of genes involved in focal adhesion and ECM-interaction pathways. PRPF4B is essential for TNBC metastasis formation in vivo, making PRPF4B a candidate for further drug development. Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) have enhanced migratory behaviour. Here, the authors perform a phenotypic imaging-based RNAi screen to identify several genes associated with regulation of migratory phenotypes and show that one of the regulators, PRPF4B, mediates metastasis in TNBC in mice.
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357
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Janiszewska M, Tabassum DP, Castaño Z, Cristea S, Yamamoto KN, Kingston NL, Murphy KC, Shu S, Harper NW, Del Alcazar CG, Alečković M, Ekram MB, Cohen O, Kwak M, Qin Y, Laszewski T, Luoma A, Marusyk A, Wucherpfennig KW, Wagle N, Fan R, Michor F, McAllister SS, Polyak K. Subclonal cooperation drives metastasis by modulating local and systemic immune microenvironments. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:879-888. [PMID: 31263265 PMCID: PMC6609451 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most human tumours are heterogeneous, composed of cellular clones with different properties present at variable frequencies. Highly heterogeneous tumours have poor clinical outcomes, yet the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that minor subclones of breast cancer cells expressing IL11 and FIGF (VEGFD) cooperate to promote metastatic progression and generate polyclonal metastases composed of driver and neutral subclones. Expression profiling of the epithelial and stromal compartments of monoclonal and polyclonal primary and metastatic lesions revealed that this cooperation is indirect, mediated through the local and systemic microenvironments. We identified neutrophils as a leukocyte population stimulated by the IL11-expressing minor subclone and showed that the depletion of neutrophils prevents metastatic outgrowth. Single-cell RNA-seq of CD45+ cell populations from primary tumours, blood and lungs demonstrated that IL11 acts on bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, which induce pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic neutrophils. Our results indicate key roles for non-cell-autonomous drivers and minor subclones in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Janiszewska
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Doris P Tabassum
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Research Square, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zafira Castaño
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simona Cristea
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kimiyo N Yamamoto
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Natalie L Kingston
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine C Murphy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shaokun Shu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas W Harper
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos Gil Del Alcazar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maša Alečković
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Muhammad B Ekram
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- WuXi NextCODE, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ofir Cohen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Minsuk Kwak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuanbo Qin
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- EdiGene, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tyler Laszewski
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrienne Luoma
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andriy Marusyk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikhil Wagle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Franziska Michor
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra S McAllister
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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358
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Hu Z, Ding J, Ma Z, Sun R, Seoane JA, Scott Shaffer J, Suarez CJ, Berghoff AS, Cremolini C, Falcone A, Loupakis F, Birner P, Preusser M, Lenz HJ, Curtis C. Quantitative evidence for early metastatic seeding in colorectal cancer. Nat Genet 2019; 51:1113-1122. [PMID: 31209394 PMCID: PMC6982526 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Both the timing and molecular determinants of metastasis are unknown, hindering treatment and prevention efforts. Here we characterize the evolutionary dynamics of this lethal process by analyzing exome-sequencing data from 118 biopsies from 23 patients with colorectal cancer with metastases to the liver or brain. The data show that the genomic divergence between the primary tumor and metastasis is low and that canonical driver genes were acquired early. Analysis within a spatial tumor growth model and statistical inference framework indicates that early disseminated cells commonly (81%, 17 out of 21 evaluable patients) seed metastases while the carcinoma is clinically undetectable (typically, less than 0.01 cm3). We validated the association between early drivers and metastasis in an independent cohort of 2,751 colorectal cancers, demonstrating their utility as biomarkers of metastasis. This conceptual and analytical framework provides quantitative in vivo evidence that systemic spread can occur early in colorectal cancer and illuminates strategies for patient stratification and therapeutic targeting of the canonical drivers of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veracyte Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhicheng Ma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ruping Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jose A Seoane
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J Scott Shaffer
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carlos J Suarez
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna S Berghoff
- Comprehensive Cancer Center CNS Tumor Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chiara Cremolini
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alfredo Falcone
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- Unit of Medical Oncology 1, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Peter Birner
- Comprehensive Cancer Center CNS Tumor Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Comprehensive Cancer Center CNS Tumor Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christina Curtis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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359
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Woo XY, Srivastava A, Graber JH, Yadav V, Sarsani VK, Simons A, Beane G, Grubb S, Ananda G, Liu R, Stafford G, Chuang JH, Airhart SD, Karuturi RKM, George J, Bult CJ. Genomic data analysis workflows for tumors from patient-derived xenografts (PDXs): challenges and guidelines. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:92. [PMID: 31262303 PMCID: PMC6604205 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are in vivo models of human cancer that have been used for translational cancer research and therapy selection for individual patients. The Jackson Laboratory (JAX) PDX resource comprises 455 models originating from 34 different primary sites (as of 05/08/2019). The models undergo rigorous quality control and are genomically characterized to identify somatic mutations, copy number alterations, and transcriptional profiles. Bioinformatics workflows for analyzing genomic data obtained from human tumors engrafted in a mouse host (i.e., Patient-Derived Xenografts; PDXs) must address challenges such as discriminating between mouse and human sequence reads and accurately identifying somatic mutations and copy number alterations when paired non-tumor DNA from the patient is not available for comparison. RESULTS We report here data analysis workflows and guidelines that address these challenges and achieve reliable identification of somatic mutations, copy number alterations, and transcriptomic profiles of tumors from PDX models that lack genomic data from paired non-tumor tissue for comparison. Our workflows incorporate commonly used software and public databases but are tailored to address the specific challenges of PDX genomics data analysis through parameter tuning and customized data filters and result in improved accuracy for the detection of somatic alterations in PDX models. We also report a gene expression-based classifier that can identify EBV-transformed tumors. We validated our analytical approaches using data simulations and demonstrated the overall concordance of the genomic properties of xenograft tumors with data from primary human tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). CONCLUSIONS The analysis workflows that we have developed to accurately predict somatic profiles of tumors from PDX models that lack normal tissue for comparison enable the identification of the key oncogenic genomic and expression signatures to support model selection and/or biomarker development in therapeutic studies. A reference implementation of our analysis recommendations is available at https://github.com/TheJacksonLaboratory/PDX-Analysis-Workflows .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yi Woo
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Anuj Srivastava
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Joel H Graber
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Vinod Yadav
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Present Address: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Vishal Kumar Sarsani
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
- Present Address: University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Al Simons
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Glen Beane
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Stephen Grubb
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Guruprasad Ananda
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Rangjiao Liu
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Present Address: Novogene Corporation, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Grace Stafford
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Chuang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Susan D Airhart
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | | | - Joshy George
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Carol J Bult
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA.
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360
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Lee AC, Lee Y, Lee D, Kwon S. Divide and conquer: A perspective on biochips for single-cell and rare-molecule analysis by next-generation sequencing. APL Bioeng 2019; 3:020901. [PMID: 31431936 PMCID: PMC6697027 DOI: 10.1063/1.5095962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in biochip technologies that connect next-generation sequencing (NGS) to real-world problems have facilitated breakthroughs in science and medicine. Because biochip technologies are themselves used in sequencing technologies, the main strengths of biochips lie in their scalability and throughput. Through the advantages of biochips, NGS has facilitated groundbreaking scientific discoveries and technical breakthroughs in medicine. However, all current NGS platforms require nucleic acids to be prepared in a certain range of concentrations, making it difficult to analyze biological systems of interest. In particular, many of the most interesting questions in biology and medicine, including single-cell and rare-molecule analysis, require strategic preparation of biological samples in order to be answered. Answering these questions is important because each cell is different and exists in a complex biological system. Therefore, biochip platforms for single-cell or rare-molecule analyses by NGS, which allow convenient preparation of nucleic acids from biological systems, have been developed. Utilizing the advantages of miniaturizing reaction volumes of biological samples, biochip technologies have been applied to diverse fields, from single-cell analysis to liquid biopsy. From this perspective, here, we first review current state-of-the-art biochip technologies, divided into two broad categories: microfluidic- and micromanipulation-based methods. Then, we provide insights into how future biochip systems will aid some of the most important biological and medical applications that require NGS. Based on current and future biochip technologies, we envision that NGS will come ever closer to solving more real-world scientific and medical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Y Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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361
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Development of Personalized Therapeutic Strategies by Targeting Actionable Vulnerabilities in Metastatic and Chemotherapy-Resistant Breast Cancer PDXs. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060605. [PMID: 31216647 PMCID: PMC6627522 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human breast cancer is characterized by a high degree of inter-patients heterogeneity in terms of histology, genomic alterations, gene expression patterns, and metastatic behavior, which deeply influences individual prognosis and treatment response. The main cause of mortality in breast cancer is the therapy-resistant metastatic disease, which sets the priority for novel treatment strategies for these patients. In the present study, we demonstrate that Patient Derived Xenografts (PDXs) that were obtained from metastatic and therapy-resistant breast cancer samples recapitulate the wide spectrum of the disease in terms of histologic subtypes and mutational profiles, as evaluated by whole exome sequencing. We have integrated genomic and transcriptomic data to identify oncogenic and actionable pathways in each PDX. By taking advantage of primary short-term in vitro cultures from PDX tumors, we showed their resistance to standard chemotherapy (Paclitaxel), as seen in the patients. Moreover, we selected targeting drugs and analyzed PDX sensitivity to single agents or to combination of targeted and standard therapy on the basis of PDX-specific genomic or transcriptomic alterations. Our data demonstrate that PDXs represent a suitable model to test new targeting drugs or drug combinations and to prioritize personalized therapeutic regimens for pre-clinal and clinical tests.
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362
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Smigiel JM, Taylor SE, Bryson BL, Tamagno I, Polak K, Jackson MW. Cellular plasticity and metastasis in breast cancer: a pre- and post-malignant problem. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2019; 5:47. [PMID: 32355893 PMCID: PMC7192216 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2019.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As a field we have made tremendous strides in treating breast cancer, with a decline in the past 30 years of overall breast cancer mortality. However, this progress is met with little affect once the disease spreads beyond the primary site. With a 5-year survival rate of 22%, 10-year of 13%, for those patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC), our ability to effectively treat wide spread disease is minimal. A major contributing factor to this ineffectiveness is the complex make-up, or heterogeneity, of the primary site. Within a primary tumor, secreted factors, malignant and pre-malignant epithelial cells, immune cells, stromal fibroblasts and many others all reside alongside each other creating a dynamic environment contributing to metastasis. Furthermore, heterogeneity contributes to our lack of understanding regarding the cells' remarkable ability to undergo epithelial/non-cancer stem cell (CSC) to mesenchymal/CSC (E-M/CSC) plasticity. The enhanced invasion & motility, tumor-initiating potential, and acquired therapeutic resistance which accompanies E-M/CSC plasticity implicates a significant role in metastasis. While most work trying to understand E-M/CSC plasticity has been done on malignant cells, recent evidence is emerging concerning the ability for pre-malignant cells to undergo E-M/CSC plasticity and contribute to the metastatic process. Here we will discuss the importance of E-M/CSC plasticity within malignant and pre-malignant populations of the tumor. Moreover, we will discuss how one may potentially target these populations, ultimately disrupting the metastatic cascade and increasing patient survival for those with mBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Smigiel
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sarah E. Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Bryson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ilaria Tamagno
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kelsey Polak
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mark W. Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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363
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Tokutomi N, Moyret‐Lalle C, Puisieux A, Sugano S, Martinez P. Quantifying local malignant adaptation in tissue-specific evolutionary trajectories by harnessing cancer's repeatability at the genetic level. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1062-1075. [PMID: 31080515 PMCID: PMC6503823 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a potentially lethal disease, in which patients with nearly identical genetic backgrounds can develop a similar pathology through distinct combinations of genetic alterations. We aimed to reconstruct the evolutionary process underlying tumour initiation, using the combination of convergence and discrepancies observed across 2,742 cancer genomes from nine tumour types. We developed a framework using the repeatability of cancer development to score the local malignant adaptation (LMA) of genetic clones, as their potential to malignantly progress and invade their environment of origin. Using this framework, we found that premalignant skin and colorectal lesions appeared specifically adapted to their local environment, yet insufficiently for full cancerous transformation. We found that metastatic clones were more adapted to the site of origin than to the invaded tissue, suggesting that genetics may be more important for local progression than for the invasion of distant organs. In addition, we used network analyses to investigate evolutionary properties at the system-level, highlighting that different dynamics of malignant progression can be modelled by such a framework in tumour-type-specific fashion. We find that occurrence-based methods can be used to specifically recapitulate the process of cancer initiation and progression, as well as to evaluate the adaptation of genetic clones to given environments. The repeatability observed in the evolution of most tumour types could therefore be harnessed to better predict the trajectories likely to be taken by tumours and preneoplastic lesions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Tokutomi
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Caroline Moyret‐Lalle
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon BérardCancer Research Center of LyonLyonFrance
| | - Alain Puisieux
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon BérardCancer Research Center of LyonLyonFrance
| | - Sumio Sugano
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Pierre Martinez
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon BérardCancer Research Center of LyonLyonFrance
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364
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De Mattos-Arruda L, Sammut SJ, Ross EM, Bashford-Rogers R, Greenstein E, Markus H, Morganella S, Teng Y, Maruvka Y, Pereira B, Rueda OM, Chin SF, Contente-Cuomo T, Mayor R, Arias A, Ali HR, Cope W, Tiezzi D, Dariush A, Dias Amarante T, Reshef D, Ciriaco N, Martinez-Saez E, Peg V, Ramon Y Cajal S, Cortes J, Vassiliou G, Getz G, Nik-Zainal S, Murtaza M, Friedman N, Markowetz F, Seoane J, Caldas C. The Genomic and Immune Landscapes of Lethal Metastatic Breast Cancer. Cell Rep 2019; 27:2690-2708.e10. [PMID: 31141692 PMCID: PMC6546974 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The detailed molecular characterization of lethal cancers is a prerequisite to understanding resistance to therapy and escape from cancer immunoediting. We performed extensive multi-platform profiling of multi-regional metastases in autopsies from 10 patients with therapy-resistant breast cancer. The integrated genomic and immune landscapes show that metastases propagate and evolve as communities of clones, reveal their predicted neo-antigen landscapes, and show that they can accumulate HLA loss of heterozygosity (LOH). The data further identify variable tumor microenvironments and reveal, through analyses of T cell receptor repertoires, that adaptive immune responses appear to co-evolve with the metastatic genomes. These findings reveal in fine detail the landscapes of lethal metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia De Mattos-Arruda
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Stephen-John Sammut
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Edith M Ross
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | | | - Erez Greenstein
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Havell Markus
- Center for Noninvasive Diagnostics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Sandro Morganella
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Clinical School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yvonne Teng
- Cancer Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yosef Maruvka
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bernard Pereira
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Oscar M Rueda
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Suet-Feung Chin
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Tania Contente-Cuomo
- Center for Noninvasive Diagnostics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Regina Mayor
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Arias
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - H Raza Ali
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Wei Cope
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Daniel Tiezzi
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Aliakbar Dariush
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
| | - Tauanne Dias Amarante
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Clinical School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Dan Reshef
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nikaoly Ciriaco
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martinez-Saez
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Peg
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramon Y Cajal
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Cortes
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain; Ramon y Cajal Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - George Vassiliou
- Cancer Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gad Getz
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Serena Nik-Zainal
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Clinical School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Muhammed Murtaza
- Center for Noninvasive Diagnostics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Nir Friedman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Florian Markowetz
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Joan Seoane
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain.
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; Breast Cancer Programme, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK.
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365
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Su Z, Wang Z, Ni X, Duan J, Gao Y, Zhuo M, Li R, Zhao J, Ma Q, Bai H, Chen H, Wang S, Chen X, An T, Wang Y, Tian Y, Yu J, Wang D, Xie XS, Bai F, Wang J. Inferring the Evolution and Progression of Small-Cell Lung Cancer by Single-Cell Sequencing of Circulating Tumor Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5049-5060. [PMID: 31113842 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genomic analyses of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) are limited by the availability of tumor specimens. This study aimed to investigate the suitability of single-cell sequencing of circulating tumor cells (CTC) as a method of inferring the evolution and progression of SCLCs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Between July 1, 2011, and July 28, 2014, 48 consecutively diagnosed patients with SCLC were recruited for this study. CTCs were captured from each patient with CellSearch system. Somatic mutations and copy number alterations (CNA) were monitored by single-cell sequencing of CTCs during chemotherapy. RESULTS Single-cell sequencing of CTCs can provide a mutational atlas for SCLC. A 10-CNA score based on single CTCs was established as a classifier for outcomes of initial chemotherapy in patients with SCLC. The survival analyses demonstrated that patients with low CNA scores (<0) had significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after first-line chemotherapy in comparison with those with high scores (≥0; PFS: 212 days vs. 110.5 days, P = 0.0042; and OS: 223.5 days vs. 424 days, P = 0.0006). The positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the CNA score for clinical subtype (refractory vs. sensitive) were 80.0% and 93.7%, respectively. By tracing allele-specific CNAs in CTCs isolated at different time points during chemotherapy, we showed that CNA heterogeneity might result from allelic losses of initially consistent CNAs. CONCLUSIONS Single CTC-based sequencing can be utilized to depict the genomic profiles and evolutionary history of SCLC, thus offering the potential for clinical stratification of patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Su
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Ni
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jianchun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Minglei Zhuo
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoyan Li
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Ma
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hengyu Chen
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhang Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong An
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Tian
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoliang Sunney Xie
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Fan Bai
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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366
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Chen Y, Sumardika IW, Tomonobu N, Kinoshita R, Inoue Y, Iioka H, Mitsui Y, Saito K, Ruma IMW, Sato H, Yamauchi A, Murata H, Yamamoto KI, Tomida S, Shien K, Yamamoto H, Soh J, Futami J, Kubo M, Putranto EW, Murakami T, Liu M, Hibino T, Nishibori M, Kondo E, Toyooka S, Sakaguchi M. Critical role of the MCAM-ETV4 axis triggered by extracellular S100A8/A9 in breast cancer aggressiveness. Neoplasia 2019; 21:627-640. [PMID: 31100639 PMCID: PMC6520639 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated death in women. The progression of this fatal disease is associated with inflammatory responses that promote cancer cell growth and dissemination, eventually leading to a reduction of overall survival. However, the mechanism(s) of the inflammation-boosted cancer progression remains unclear. In this study, we found for the first time that an extracellular cytokine, S100A8/A9, accelerates breast cancer growth and metastasis upon binding to a cell surface receptor, melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM). Our molecular analyses revealed an important role of ETS translocation variant 4 (ETV4), which is significantly activated in the region downstream of MCAM upon S100A8/A9 stimulation, in breast cancer progression in vitro as well as in vivo. The MCAM-mediated activation of ETV4 induced a mobile phenotype called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cells, since we found that ETV4 transcriptionally upregulates ZEB1, a strong EMT inducer, at a very high level. In contrast, downregulation of either MCAM or ETV4 repressed EMT, resulting in greatly weakened tumor growth and lung metastasis. Overall, our results revealed that ETV4 is a novel transcription factor regulated by the S100A8/A9-MCAM axis, which leads to EMT through ZEB1 and thereby to metastasis in breast cancer cells. Thus, therapeutic strategies based on our findings might improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Department of General Surgery & Bio-Bank of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - I Wayan Sumardika
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar 80232, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Nahoko Tomonobu
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Rie Kinoshita
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu-shi, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Iioka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Ichiban-cho, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yosuke Mitsui
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ken Saito
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Ichiban-cho, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - I Made Winarsa Ruma
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar 80232, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Departments of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akira Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-shi, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Murata
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shuta Tomida
- Department of Biobank, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Shien
- Departments of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yamamoto
- Departments of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Junichi Soh
- Departments of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Junichiro Futami
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 3-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Miyoko Kubo
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Endy Widya Putranto
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sardjito Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moro-Hongo, Moroyama, Iruma, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of General Surgery & Bio-Bank of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Toshihiko Hibino
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Eisaku Kondo
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Ichiban-cho, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Departments of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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367
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Perone Y, Farrugia AJ, Rodríguez-Meira A, Győrffy B, Ion C, Uggetti A, Chronopoulos A, Marrazzo P, Faronato M, Shousha S, Davies C, Steel JH, Patel N, Del Rio Hernandez A, Coombes C, Pruneri G, Lim A, Calvo F, Magnani L. SREBP1 drives Keratin-80-dependent cytoskeletal changes and invasive behavior in endocrine-resistant ERα breast cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2115. [PMID: 31073170 PMCID: PMC6509342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of ERα breast cancer patients relapse with metastatic disease following adjuvant endocrine therapies. The connection between acquisition of drug resistance and invasive potential is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the type II keratin topological associating domain undergoes epigenetic reprogramming in aromatase inhibitors (AI)-resistant cells, leading to Keratin-80 (KRT80) upregulation. KRT80 expression is driven by de novo enhancer activation by sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1). KRT80 upregulation directly promotes cytoskeletal rearrangements at the leading edge, increased focal adhesion and cellular stiffening, collectively promoting cancer cell invasion. Shearwave elasticity imaging performed on prospectively recruited patients confirms KRT80 levels correlate with stiffer tumors. Immunohistochemistry showed increased KRT80-positive cells at relapse and, using several clinical endpoints, KRT80 expression associates with poor survival. Collectively, our data uncover an unpredicted and potentially targetable direct link between epigenetic and cytoskeletal reprogramming promoting cell invasion in response to chronic AI treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Aromatase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Aromatase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Breast/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cytoskeleton/genetics
- Cytoskeleton/pathology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Keratins, Type II/genetics
- Keratins, Type II/metabolism
- MCF-7 Cells
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Prognosis
- Protein Domains/genetics
- Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Perone
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aaron J Farrugia
- Division of Cancer Biology, Tumour Microenvironment Team, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Meira
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Charlotte Ion
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Antonios Chronopoulos
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Monica Faronato
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sami Shousha
- Histopathology Department, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Claire Davies
- ECMC Imperial College. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer H Steel
- ECMC Imperial College. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Naina Patel
- ECMC Imperial College. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Charles Coombes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori and University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Adrian Lim
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fernando Calvo
- Division of Cancer Biology, Tumour Microenvironment Team, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
| | - Luca Magnani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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368
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Bertucci F, Ng CKY, Patsouris A, Droin N, Piscuoglio S, Carbuccia N, Soria JC, Dien AT, Adnani Y, Kamal M, Garnier S, Meurice G, Jimenez M, Dogan S, Verret B, Chaffanet M, Bachelot T, Campone M, Lefeuvre C, Bonnefoi H, Dalenc F, Jacquet A, De Filippo MR, Babbar N, Birnbaum D, Filleron T, Le Tourneau C, André F. Genomic characterization of metastatic breast cancers. Nature 2019; 569:560-564. [PMID: 31118521 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of death for patients with breast cancer. Many studies have characterized the genomic landscape of breast cancer during its early stages. However, there is evidence that genomic alterations are acquired during the evolution of cancers from their early to late stages, and that the genomic landscape of early cancers is not representative of that of lethal cancers1-7. Here we investigated the landscape of somatic alterations in 617 metastatic breast cancers. Nine driver genes (TP53, ESR1, GATA3, KMT2C, NCOR1, AKT1, NF1, RIC8A and RB1) were more frequently mutated in metastatic breast cancers that expressed hormone receptors (oestrogen and/or progesterone receptors; HR+) but did not have high levels of HER2 (HER2-; n = 381), when compared to early breast cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas. In addition, 18 amplicons were more frequently observed in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancers. These cancers showed an increase in mutational signatures S2, S3, S10, S13 and S17. Among the gene alterations that were enriched in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancers, mutations in TP53, RB1 and NF1, together with S10, S13 and S17, were associated with poor outcome. Metastatic triple-negative breast cancers showed an increase in the frequency of somatic biallelic loss-of-function mutations in genes related to homologous recombination DNA repair, compared to early triple-negative breast cancers (7% versus 2%). Finally, metastatic breast cancers showed an increase in mutational burden and clonal diversity compared to early breast cancers. Thus, the genomic landscape of metastatic breast cancer is enriched in clinically relevant genomic alterations and is more complex than that of early breast cancer. The identification of genomic alterations associated with poor outcome will allow earlier and better selection of patients who require the use of treatments that are still in clinical trials. The genetic complexity observed in advanced breast cancer suggests that such treatments should be introduced as early as possible in the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bertucci
- CRCM, Predictive Oncology team, Inserm, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Charlotte K Y Ng
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clarunis, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne Patsouris
- Inserm, U1232, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest - René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Nathalie Droin
- Genomic Core Facility UMS AMMICA Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, US23, Villejuif, France
- CNRS, UMS3665, Villejuif, France
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clarunis, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Carbuccia
- CRCM, Predictive Oncology team, Inserm, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Charles Soria
- Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Alicia Tran Dien
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Yahia Adnani
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Maud Kamal
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Séverine Garnier
- CRCM, Predictive Oncology team, Inserm, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Meurice
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Semih Dogan
- Inserm, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, UMR981, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Verret
- Inserm, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, UMR981, Villejuif, France
| | - Max Chaffanet
- CRCM, Predictive Oncology team, Inserm, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Mario Campone
- Inserm, U1232, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest - René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Naveen Babbar
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- CRCM, Predictive Oncology team, Inserm, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Christophe Le Tourneau
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France
- INSERM U900, Saint-Cloud, France
- Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines University, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Fabrice André
- Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.
- Inserm, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, UMR981, Villejuif, France.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
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369
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Woosley AN, Dalton AC, Hussey GS, Howley BV, Mohanty BK, Grelet S, Dincman T, Bloos S, Olsen SK, Howe PH. TGFβ promotes breast cancer stem cell self-renewal through an ILEI/LIFR signaling axis. Oncogene 2019; 38:3794-3811. [PMID: 30692635 PMCID: PMC6525020 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
FAM3C/Interleukin-like EMT Inducer (ILEI) is an oncogenic member of the FAM3 cytokine family and serves essential roles in both epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and breast cancer metastasis. ILEI expression levels are regulated through a non-canonical TGFβ signaling pathway by 3'-UTR-mediated translational silencing at the mRNA level by hnRNP E1. TGFβ stimulation or silencing of hnRNP E1 increases ILEI translation and induces an EMT program that correlates with enhanced invasion and migration. Recently, EMT has been linked to the formation of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) that confer both tumor cell heterogeneity as well as chemoresistant properties. Herein, we demonstrate that hnRNP E1 knockdown significantly shifts normal mammary epithelial cells to mesenchymal BCSCs in vitro and in vivo. We further validate that modulating ILEI protein levels results in the abrogation of these phenotypes, promoting further investigation into the unknown mechanism of ILEI signaling that drives tumor progression. We identify LIFR as the receptor for ILEI, which mediates signaling through STAT3 to drive both EMT and BCSC formation. Reduction of either ILEI or LIFR protein levels results in reduced tumor growth, fewer tumor initiating cells and reduced metastasis within the hnRNP E1 knock-down cell populations in vivo. These results reveal a novel ligand-receptor complex that drives the formation of BCSCs and represents a unique target for the development of metastatic breast cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec N Woosley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Annamarie C Dalton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - George S Hussey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Breege V Howley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Bidyut K Mohanty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Simon Grelet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Toros Dincman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Sean Bloos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Shaun K Olsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Philip H Howe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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370
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Jiang Z, Li W, Hu X, Zhang Q, Sun T, Cui S, Wang S, Ouyang Q, Yin Y, Geng C, Tong Z, Cheng Y, Pan Y, Sun Y, Wang H, Ouyang T, Gu K, Feng J, Wang X, Wang S, Liu T, Gao J, Cristofanilli M, Ning Z, Lu X. Tucidinostat plus exemestane for postmenopausal patients with advanced, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (ACE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2019; 20:806-815. [PMID: 31036468 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tucidinostat (formerly known as chidamide) is an oral subtype-selective histone deacetylase inhibitor. In an exploratory study, the combination of tucidinostat with exemestane showed preliminary signs of encouraging anti-tumour activity in patients with advanced hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. To build on these findings, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of this combination in a randomised trial in a larger population of postmenopausal patients with advanced, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. METHODS We did the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 ACE trial at 22 specialist cancer centres in China. Eligible patients were postmenopausal women (aged ≥60 years or aged <60 years if their serum follicle-stimulating hormone and oestradiol concentrations were within postmenopausal ranges) with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer, whose disease had relapsed or progressed after at least one endocrine therapy (either in advanced or metastatic or adjuvant setting), and who had at least one measurable lesion, adequate organ function, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-1, and adequate haematological and biochemical parameters. Endocrine therapy did not have to be the most recent therapy before randomisation, but recurrence or progression after the most recent therapy was a prerequisite. Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) by a dynamic randomisation scheme via an interactive web-response system to receive 30 mg oral tucidinostat or placebo twice weekly. All patients in both groups also received 25 mg oral exemestane daily. Randomisation was stratified according to the presence of visceral metastases (yes vs no). Patients, investigators, study site staff, and the sponsor were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival. Efficacy analyses were done in the full analysis set population, comprising all patients who received at least one dose of any study treatment, and safety analyses were done in all patients who received at least one dose of any study treatment and for whom at least one safety case report form was available. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02482753. The study has reached the required number of events for final analysis of the primary endpoint. The trial is no longer enrolling patients, but follow-up for investigation of overall survival is ongoing. FINDINGS Between July 20, 2015, and June 26, 2017, 365 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned, 244 to the tucidinostat group and 121 to the placebo group. The median duration of follow-up was 13·9 months (IQR 9·8-17·5). Investigator-assessed median progression-free survival was 7·4 months (95% CI 5·5-9·2) in the tucidinostat group and 3·8 months (3·7-5·5) in the placebo group (HR 0·75 [95% CI 0·58-0·98]; p=0·033). The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events in either group were neutropenia (124 [51%] of 244 patients in the tucidinostat group vs three [2%] of 121 patients in the placebo group), thrombocytopenia (67 [27%] vs three [2%]), and leucopenia (46 [19%] vs three [2%]). Serious adverse events of any cause occurred in 51 (21%) of 244 patients in the tucidinostat group and seven (6%) of 121 patients in the placebo group. No treatment-related deaths were reported. INTERPRETATION Tucidinostat plus exemestane improved progression-free survival compared with placebo plus exemestane in patients with advanced, hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer that progressed after previous endocrine therapy. Grade 3-4 haematological adverse events were more common in the tucidinostat plus exemestane group than in the placebo plus exemestane group. Tucidinostat plus exemestane could represent a new treatment option for these patients. FUNDING Chipscreen Biosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefei Jiang
- The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Li
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xichun Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Shude Cui
- Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Cuizhi Geng
- Tumour Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhongsheng Tong
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | | | - Hong Wang
- The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Kangsheng Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | | | | | - Shubin Wang
- Beijing University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
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371
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Gao X, Liu X, Lu Y, Wang Y, Cao W, Liu X, Hu H, Wang H. PIM1 is responsible for IL-6-induced breast cancer cell EMT and stemness via c-myc activation. Breast Cancer 2019; 26:663-671. [PMID: 30989585 PMCID: PMC6694096 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-019-00966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been demonstrated to be a critical factor for breast cancer malignancy. However, the molecular mechanisms by which IL-6 induce breast cancer cells epithelial–mesenchymal-transition (EMT) and stemness remain elusive. Methods Breast cancer cell lines T47D and MCF7 were exposed to IL-6, the expression of PIM1 was examined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the transcriptional modulation of PIM1 by IL-6 and STAT3 inhibitor. Transwell assay was used to detect the invading ability of breast cancer cells induced by IL-6 or PIM1. The expressions of EMT and stemness markers were determined by qRT-PCR. Results IL-6 promoted PIM1 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and this induction could be abrogated by inhibiting STAT3 activation, subsequently suppressing the transcriptional level of PIM1. Moreover, we noticed that knocking down of PIM1 in cells which was exposed to IL-6 significantly impaired the invasion ability and the expression of EMT and stemness markers. On the contrary, overexpression of PIM1 promoted cell invasion and upregulated the expression of EMT and stemness markers. In addition, we demonstrated that c-myc, the cofactor of PIM1, involved in the pro-oncogenic roles of PIM1. Knocking down of c-myc attenuated the PIM1-induced cell EMT and stemness. Conclusion This study proposed the upregulation of PIM1 by IL-6 contributed to breast cancer cell aggressiveness and targeting PIM1 or c-myc could be novel approaches for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiang Gao
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangping Liu
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Yangyong Lu
- Department of Galactophore Surgery, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Weihong Cao
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
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372
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Hinohara K, Polyak K. Intratumoral Heterogeneity: More Than Just Mutations. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:569-579. [PMID: 30987806 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most human tumors are composed of genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous cancer cell populations, which poses a major challenge for the clinical management of cancer patients. Advances of single-cell technologies have allowed the profiling of tumors at unprecedented depth, which, in combination with newly developed computational tools, enable the dissection of tumor evolution with increasing precision. However, our understanding of mechanisms that regulate intratumoral heterogeneity and our ability to modulate it has been lagging behind. Recent data demonstrate that epigenetic regulators, including histone demethylases, may control the cell-to-cell variability of transcriptomes and chromatin profiles and they may modulate therapeutic responses via this function. Thus, the therapeutic targeting of epigenetic enzymes may be used to decrease intratumoral cellular heterogeneity and treatment resistance, when used in combination with other types of agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Hinohara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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373
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Zhang G, Wang Y, Chen B, Guo L, Cao L, Ren C, Wen L, Li K, Jia M, Li C, Mok H, Chen X, Wei G, Lin J, Zhang Z, Hou T, Han-Zhang H, Liu C, Liu H, Liu J, Balch CM, Meric-Bernstam F, Liao N. Characterization of frequently mutated cancer genes in Chinese breast tumors: a comparison of Chinese and TCGA cohorts. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:179. [PMID: 31168460 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.04.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background The complexity of breast cancer at the clinical, morphological and genomic levels has been extensively studied in the western population. However, the mutational genomic profiles in Chinese breast cancer patients have not been explored in any detail. Methods We performed targeted sequencing using a panel consisting of 33 breast cancer-related genes to investigate the genomic landscape of 304 consecutive treatment-naïve Chinese breast cancer patients at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (GDPH), and further compared the results to those in 453 of Caucasian breast cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Results The most frequently mutated gene was TP53 (45%), followed by PIK3CA (44%), GATA3 (18%), MAP3K1 (10%), whereas the copy-number amplifications were frequently observed in genes of ERBB2 (24%), MYC (23%), FGFR1 (13%) and CCND1 (10%). Among the 8 most frequently mutated or amplified genes, at least one driver was identifiable in 87.5% (n=267) of our GDPH cohort, revealing the significant contribution of these known driver genes in the development of Chinese breast cancer. Compared to TCGA data, the median age at diagnosis in our cohort was significantly younger (48 vs. 58 years; P<0.001), while the distribution of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) statuses were similar. The largest difference occurred in HR+/HER2- subtype, where 8 of the 10 driver genes compared had statistically significant differences in their frequency, while there were differences in 2 of 10 driver genes among the TNBC and HR+/HER2+ group, but none in the HR-/HER2+ patients in our cohort compared to the TCGA data. Collectively, the most significant genomic difference was a significantly higher prevalence for TP53 and AKT1 in Chinese patients. Additionally, more than half of TP53-mutation HR+/HER2- Chinese patients (~60%) are likely to harbor more severe mutations in TP53, such as nonsense, indels, and splicing mutations. Conclusions We elucidated the mutational landscape of cancer genes in Chinese breast cancer and further identified significant genomic differences between Asian and Caucasian patients. These results should improve our understanding of pathogenesis and/or metastatic behavior of breast cancer across races/ethnicities, including a better selection of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochun Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yulei Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Liping Guo
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chongyang Ren
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lingzhu Wen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Minghan Jia
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Cheukfai Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hsiaopei Mok
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Guangnan Wei
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jiali Lin
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Ting Hou
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | | | | | - Hao Liu
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Charles M Balch
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Departments of Breast Surgical Oncology and Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Personalized Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ning Liao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China
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374
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Fittall MW, Van Loo P. Translating insights into tumor evolution to clinical practice: promises and challenges. Genome Med 2019; 11:20. [PMID: 30925887 PMCID: PMC6440005 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-019-0632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerating technological advances have allowed the widespread genomic profiling of tumors. As yet, however, the vast catalogues of mutations that have been identified have made only a modest impact on clinical medicine. Massively parallel sequencing has informed our understanding of the genetic evolution and heterogeneity of cancers, allowing us to place these mutational catalogues into a meaningful context. Here, we review the methods used to measure tumor evolution and heterogeneity, and the potential and challenges for translating the insights gained to achieve clinical impact for cancer therapy, monitoring, early detection, risk stratification, and prevention. We discuss how tumor evolution can guide cancer therapy by targeting clonal and subclonal mutations both individually and in combination. Circulating tumor DNA and circulating tumor cells can be leveraged for monitoring the efficacy of therapy and for tracking the emergence of resistant subclones. The evolutionary history of tumors can be deduced for late-stage cancers, either directly by sampling precursor lesions or by leveraging computational approaches to infer the timing of driver events. This approach can identify recurrent early driver mutations that represent promising avenues for future early detection strategies. Emerging evidence suggests that mutational processes and complex clonal dynamics are active even in normal development and aging. This will make discriminating developing malignant neoplasms from normal aging cell lineages a challenge. Furthermore, insight into signatures of mutational processes that are active early in tumor evolution may allow the development of cancer-prevention approaches. Research and clinical studies that incorporate an appreciation of the complex evolutionary patterns in tumors will not only produce more meaningful genomic data, but also better exploit the vulnerabilities of cancer, resulting in improved treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Fittall
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.,University College London Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Peter Van Loo
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK. .,University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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375
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Lønning PE, Eikesdal HP, Løes IM, Knappskog S. Constitutional Mosaic Epimutations - a hidden cause of cancer? Cell Stress 2019; 3:118-135. [PMID: 31225507 PMCID: PMC6551830 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.04.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Silencing of tumor suppressor genes by promoter hypermethylation is a key mechanism to facilitate cancer progression in many malignancies. While promoter hypermethylation can occur at later stages of the carcinogenesis process, constitutional methylation of key tumor suppressors may be an initiating event whereby cancer is started. Constitutional BRCA1 methylation due to cis-acting germline genetic variants is associated with a high risk of breast and ovarian cancer. However, this seems to be a rare event, restricted to a very limited number of families. In contrast, mosaic constitutional BRCA1 methylation is detected in 4-7% of newborn females without germline BRCA1 mutations. While the cause of such methylation is poorly understood, mosaic normal tissue BRCA1 methylation is associated with a 2-3 fold increased risk of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). As such, BRCA1 methylation may be the cause of a significant number of ovarian cancers. Given the molecular similarities between HGSOC and basal-like breast cancer, the findings with respect to HGSOC suggest that constitutional BRCA1 methylation could be a risk factor for basal-like breast cancer as well. Similar to BRCA1, some specific germline variants in MLH1 and MSH2 are associated with promoter methylation and a high risk of colorectal cancers in rare hereditary cases of the disease. However, as many as 15% of all colorectal cancers are of the microsatellite instability (MSI) "high" subtype, in which commonly the tumors harbor MLH1 hypermethylation. Constitutional mosaic methylation of MLH1 in normal tissues has been detected but not formally evaluated as a potential risk factor for incidental colorectal cancers. However, the findings with respect to BRCA1 in breast and ovarian cancer raises the question whether mosaic MLH1 methylation is a risk factor for MSI positive colorectal cancer as well. As for MGMT, a promoter variant is associated with elevated methylation across a panel of solid cancers, and MGMT promoter methylation may contribute to an elevated cancer risk in several of these malignancies. We hypothesize that constitutional mosaic promoter methylation of crucial tumor suppressors may trigger certain types of cancer, similar to germline mutations inactivating the same particular genes. Such constitutional methylation events may be a spark to ignite cancer development, and if associated with a significant cancer risk, screening for such epigenetic alterations could be part of cancer prevention programs to reduce cancer mortality in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per E. Lønning
- K.G.Jebsen Center for Genome Directed Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans P. Eikesdal
- K.G.Jebsen Center for Genome Directed Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Inger M. Løes
- K.G.Jebsen Center for Genome Directed Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stian Knappskog
- K.G.Jebsen Center for Genome Directed Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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376
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Abstract
The stability and function of many oncogenic mutant proteins depend on heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). This unique activity has inspired the exploration of HSP90 as an anticancer target for over two decades. Unfortunately, while clinical trials of highly optimized HSP90 inhibitors have demonstrated modest benefit for patients with advanced cancers, most commonly stabilization of disease, no HSP90 inhibitor has demonstrated sufficient efficacy to achieve FDA approval to date. This review discusses potential reasons for the limited success of these agents and how our increasingly sophisticated understanding of HSP90 suggests alternative, potentially more effective strategies for targeting it to treat cancers. First, we focus on insights gained from model organisms that suggest a fundamental role for HSP90 in supporting the adaptability and heterogeneity of cancers, key factors underlying their ability to evolve and acquire drug resistance. Second, we examine how HSP90’s role in promoting the stability of mutant proteins might be targeted in genetically unstable tumor cells to reveal their aberrant, foreign proteome to the immune system. Both of these emerging aspects of HSP90 biology suggest that the most effective use of HSP90 inhibitors may not be at high doses with the intent to kill cancer cells, but rather in combination with other molecularly targeted therapies at modest, non-heat shock-inducing exposures that limit the adaptive capacity of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M. Jaeger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Luke Whitesell
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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377
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Genomic mutation signatures in primary breast cancer and their axillary metastatic lymph nodes. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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378
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Qi F, Liu R. Tumor-Targeted and Biocompatible MoSe 2 Nanodots@Albumin Nanospheres as a Dual-Modality Therapy Agent for Synergistic Photothermal Radiotherapy. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:67. [PMID: 30806849 PMCID: PMC6391510 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-2896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Integrating multiple tumor therapy functions into one nanoplatform has been a new tumor therapy strategy in recent years. Herein, a dual-modality therapy agent consisting of molybdenum selenide nanodots (MoSe2 NDs) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) assembled nanospheres (MoSe2@BSA NSs) was successfully synthesized. After conjugation of folic acid (FA) molecules via polyethylene glycol (PEG) "bridges," the FA-MoSe2@BSA NSs were equipped with tumor-targeting function. The BSA and PEG modifications provided the unstable MoSe2 NDs with excellent physiological stability. Since the end-product FA-MoSe2@BSA NSs had strong near-infrared (NIR) and X-ray absorbance properties, they exhibited good photothermal properties with excellent photothermal stability and radio-sensitization ability, hence, were explored as photothermal radiotherapy agents. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that the FA-MoSe2@BSA NSs possessed highly efficient tumor-targeting effect, great biocompability, and synergistic photothermal radiotherapy effect. This work suggests that such biocompatible FA-MoSe2@BSA NSs may be a promising multifunctional dual-modality tumor therapy agent for use in combination tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qi
- Department of Radiotherapy, First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu City, Shangqiu, 476100 China
| | - Ruizhen Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu City, Shangqiu, 476100 China
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379
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ESR1 mutations in metastatic lobular breast cancer patients. NPJ Breast Cancer 2019; 5:9. [PMID: 30820448 PMCID: PMC6384916 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-019-0104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) represents the second most common histology of breast cancer after invasive ductal breast cancer (IDC), accounts for up to 15% of all invasive cases and generally express the estrogen receptor (ER, coded by the ESR1 gene). ESR1 mutations have been associated with resistance to endocrine therapy, however these have not been specifically evaluated in ILC. We assessed the frequency of ESR1 mutations by droplet digital PCR in a retrospective multi-centric series of matched primary tumor and recurrence samples (n = 279) from 80 metastatic ER-positive ILC patients. We further compared ESR1 mutations between IDC and ILC patients in metastatic samples from MSKCC-IMPACT (n = 595 IDC and 116 ILC) and in ctDNA from the SoFEA and PALOMA-3 trials (n = 416 IDC and 76 ILC). In the retrospective series, the metastases from seven patients (9%) harbored ESR1 mutations, which were absent from the interrogated primary samples. Five patients (6%) had a mutation in the primary tumor or axillary metastasis, which could not be detected in the matched distant metastasis. In the MSKCC-IMPACT cohort, as well as in the SoFEA and PALOMA-3 trials, there were no differences in prevalence and distribution of the mutations between IDC and ILC, with D538G being the most frequent mutation in both histological subtypes. To conclude, no patient had an identical ESR1 mutation in the early and metastatic disease in the retrospective ILC series. In the external series, there was no difference in terms of prevalence and type of ESR1 mutations between ILC and IDC. Among a cohort of 80 women with metastatic lobular breast cancer, no patient had an identical mutation in the ESR1 gene in both metastases and localized tumors. ESR1 encodes the estrogen receptor targeted by endocrine therapy — thus, tumors harboring mutations in this gene may require different treatment strategies. Christine Desmedt
from KU Leuven, Belgium, and colleagues found that 9% of patients had metastases with ESR1 mutations that were absent in primary breast tumors; another 6% had mutations in the primary tumors or in cancer-invaded lymph nodes that were not detected in distant metastatic sites. Comparisons with other datasets showed that the prevalence and distribution of ESR1 mutations were not significantly different among women with lobular and ductal breast cancer, the two most common subtypes of the disease.
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380
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Murphy C, Muscat A, Ashley D, Mukaro V, West L, Liao Y, Chisanga D, Shi W, Collins I, Baron-Hay S, Patil S, Lindeman G, Khasraw M. Tailored NEOadjuvant epirubicin, cyclophosphamide and Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound paclitaxel for breast cancer: The phase II NEONAB trial-Clinical outcomes and molecular determinants of response. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210891. [PMID: 30763338 PMCID: PMC6375556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the feasibility of achieving high response rates in stage II or III breast cancer by tailoring neoadjuvant therapy using clinical and histopathological features and the Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score. Genomic determinants of response and resistance were also explored. PATIENTS AND OUTCOME MEASURES Fifty-one patients were enrolled. The primary cohort comprised 40 patients: 15 human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-amplified; 15 triple-negative (TNBC); and ten hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-non-amplified tumours; with recurrence scores ≥25. Patients were treated with epirubicin and cyclophosphamide, followed by nab-paclitaxel, with the addition of trastuzumab if HER2-amplified. The primary endpoint was pathological complete response (pCR) in the breast. Pre- and post-treatment tumour samples underwent variant burden, gene and gene pathway, mutational signature profile and clonal evolution analyses. RESULTS The pCR rates were: overall 55% (n = 22), HER2-amplified 80% (n = 12), triple-negative 46% (n = 7) and HR-positive, HER2-non-amplified 30% (n = 3). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events included febrile neutropenia (8%), neutropenia (18%), sensory neuropathy (5%), deranged transaminases (5%), fatigue (2%), diarrhoea (2%), and pneumothorax (2%). Molecular analyses demonstrated strong similarities between residual disease and matched primary tumour. ATM signalling pathway alterations and the presence of a COSMIC Signature 3 implied the majority of tumours contained some form of homologous repair deficiency. ATM pathway alterations were identified in the subset of TNBC patients who did not achieve pCR; Signature 3 was present in both pCR and non-pCR subgroups. Clonal evolution analyses demonstrated both persistence and emergence of chemoresistant clones. CONCLUSIONS This treatment regime resulted in a high rate of pCR, demonstrating that tailored neoadjuvant therapy using a genomic recurrence score is feasible and warrants further investigation. Molecular analysis revealed few commonalities between patients. For TNBC future clinical gains will require precision medicine, potentially using DNA sequencing to identify specific targets for individuals with resistant disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01830244.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Murphy
- University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Muscat
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Ashley
- University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Violet Mukaro
- University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda West
- University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Lake Imaging, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yang Liao
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Chisanga
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Collins
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- South West Health Care, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally Baron-Hay
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sujata Patil
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey Lindeman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mustafa Khasraw
- University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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381
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Molecular heterogeneity and early metastatic clone selection in testicular germ cell cancer development. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:444-452. [PMID: 30739914 PMCID: PMC6461884 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC), being the most frequent malignancy in young Caucasian males, is initiated from an embryonic germ cell. This study determines intratumour heterogeneity to unravel tumour progression from initiation until metastasis. Methods In total, 42 purified samples of four treatment-resistant nonseminomatous (NS) TGCC were investigated, including the precursor germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) and metastatic specimens, using whole-genome and targeted sequencing. Their evolution was reconstructed. Results Intratumour molecular heterogeneity did not correspond to the supposed primary tumour histological evolution. Metastases after systemic treatment could be derived from cancer stem cells not identified in the primary cancer. GCNIS mostly lacked the molecular marks of the primary NS and comprised dominant clones that failed to progress. A BRCA-like mutational signature was observed without evidence for direct involvement of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Conclusions Our data strongly support the hypothesis that NS is initiated by whole-genome duplication, followed by chromosome copy number alterations in the cancer stem cell population, and accumulation of low numbers of somatic mutations, even in therapy-resistant cases. These observations of heterogeneity at all stages of tumourigenesis should be considered when treating patients with GCNIS-only disease, or with clinically overt NS.
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382
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Connor AA, Denroche RE, Jang GH, Lemire M, Zhang A, Chan-Seng-Yue M, Wilson G, Grant RC, Merico D, Lungu I, Bartlett JMS, Chadwick D, Liang SB, Eagles J, Mbabaali F, Miller JK, Krzyzanowski P, Armstrong H, Luo X, Jorgensen LGT, Romero JM, Bavi P, Fischer SE, Serra S, Hafezi-Bakhtiari S, Caglar D, Roehrl MHA, Cleary S, Hollingsworth MA, Petersen GM, Thayer S, Law CHL, Nanji S, Golan T, Smith AL, Borgida A, Dodd A, Hedley D, Wouters BG, O'Kane GM, Wilson JM, Zogopoulos G, Notta F, Knox JJ, Gallinger S. Integration of Genomic and Transcriptional Features in Pancreatic Cancer Reveals Increased Cell Cycle Progression in Metastases. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:267-282.e7. [PMID: 30686769 PMCID: PMC6398439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We integrated clinical, genomic, and transcriptomic data from 224 primaries and 95 metastases from 289 patients to characterize progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Driver gene alterations and mutational and expression-based signatures were preserved, with truncations, inversions, and translocations most conserved. Cell cycle progression (CCP) increased with sequential inactivation of tumor suppressors, yet remained higher in metastases, perhaps driven by cell cycle regulatory gene variants. Half of the cases were hypoxic by expression markers, overlapping with molecular subtypes. Paired tumor heterogeneity showed cancer cell migration by Halstedian progression. Multiple PDACs arising synchronously and metachronously in the same pancreas were actually intra-parenchymal metastases, not independent primary tumors. Established clinical co-variates dominated survival analyses, although CCP and hypoxia may inform clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton A Connor
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Robert E Denroche
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Gun Ho Jang
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lemire
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Amy Zhang
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Michelle Chan-Seng-Yue
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Gavin Wilson
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Robert C Grant
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Daniele Merico
- Deep Genomics, Inc., Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics (TCAG), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Ilinca Lungu
- Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - John M S Bartlett
- Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Dianne Chadwick
- UHN Biobank, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Sheng-Ben Liang
- UHN Biobank, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Jenna Eagles
- Genomics, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Faridah Mbabaali
- Genomics, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Jessica K Miller
- Genomics, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Paul Krzyzanowski
- Genomics, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Heather Armstrong
- Genome Sequence Informatics, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Xuemei Luo
- Genome Sequence Informatics, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Lars G T Jorgensen
- Genome Sequence Informatics, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Joan M Romero
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Prashant Bavi
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Sandra E Fischer
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Stefano Serra
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | | | - Derin Caglar
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Michael H A Roehrl
- UHN Biobank, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sean Cleary
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah Thayer
- University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Calvin H L Law
- Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Sulaiman Nanji
- Department of Surgery, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Talia Golan
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alyssa L Smith
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ayelet Borgida
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Anna Dodd
- Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - David Hedley
- Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Bradly G Wouters
- Division of Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Grainne M O'Kane
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Julie M Wilson
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - George Zogopoulos
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Faiyaz Notta
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; Division of Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jennifer J Knox
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Steven Gallinger
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada; Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgical Oncology Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.
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383
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Kalimutho M, Nones K, Srihari S, Duijf PHG, Waddell N, Khanna KK. Patterns of Genomic Instability in Breast Cancer. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:198-211. [PMID: 30736983 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women. Despite significant improvements in overall survival, it remains a significant cause of death worldwide. Genomic instability (GI) is a hallmark of cancer and plays a pivotal role in breast cancer development and progression. In the past decade, high-throughput technologies have provided a wealth of information that has facilitated the identification of a diverse repertoire of mutated genes and mutational processes operative across cancers. Here, we review recent findings on genomic alterations and mutational processes in breast cancer pathogenesis. Most importantly, we summarize the clinical challenges and opportunities to utilize omics-based signatures for better management of breast cancer patients and treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Kalimutho
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Katia Nones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Sriganesh Srihari
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
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384
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Garrido-Castro AC, Lin NU, Polyak K. Insights into Molecular Classifications of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Improving Patient Selection for Treatment. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:176-198. [PMID: 30679171 PMCID: PMC6387871 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 765] [Impact Index Per Article: 153.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains the most challenging breast cancer subtype to treat. To date, therapies directed to specific molecular targets have rarely achieved clinically meaningful improvements in outcomes of patients with TNBC, and chemotherapy remains the standard of care. Here, we seek to review the most recent efforts to classify TNBC based on the comprehensive profiling of tumors for cellular composition and molecular features. Technologic advances allow for tumor characterization at ever-increasing depth, generating data that, if integrated with clinical-pathologic features, may help improve risk stratification of patients, guide treatment decisions and surveillance, and help identify new targets for drug development. SIGNIFICANCE: TNBC is characterized by higher rates of relapse, greater metastatic potential, and shorter overall survival compared with other major breast cancer subtypes. The identification of biomarkers that can help guide treatment decisions in TNBC remains a clinically unmet need. Understanding the mechanisms that drive resistance is key to the design of novel therapeutic strategies to help prevent the development of metastatic disease and, ultimately, to improve survival in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Garrido-Castro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy U Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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385
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Jones RA, Moorehead RA. Integrative analysis of copy number and gene expression data identifies potential oncogenic drivers that promote mammary tumor recurrence. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:381-391. [PMID: 30597648 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor recurrence represents a significant clinical challenge in the treatment and management of breast cancer. To investigate whether copy number aberrations (CNAs) facilitate the re-emergence of tumor growth from residual disease, we performed array comparative genomic hybridization on primary and recurrent mammary tumors from an inducible mouse model of type-I insulin-like growth factor receptor driven breast cancer. This genome-wide analysis revealed primary and recurrent tumors harbored distinct CNAs with relapsed tumors containing an increased number of gene-level gains and losses. Remarkably, high-level CNAs detected in primary tumors were largely devoid of annotated cancer genes while the vast majority of recurrent tumors harbored at least one CNA containing a known oncogene or tumor suppressor. Specifically, 38% of recurrent tumors carried gains at 6qA2 and 9qA2 which encode the Met and Yap1 oncogenes, respectively. The most frequent CNA, occurring in 63% of recurrent tumors, was a focal deletion at 4qC5 involving the Cdkn2a/b tumor suppressor genes. Integrative analysis revealed positive correlations between gene copy number and mRNA expression suggesting Met, Yap1, and Cdkn2a/b may serve as potential drivers that promote tumor recurrence. Accordingly, cross-species analysis revealed gene-level murine CNAs were present in a subset of human breast cancers with high MET and YAP1 mRNA predictive of decreased relapse-free survival in basal-like breast cancers. Together, these findings indicate that tumor recurrence is facilitated by the acquisition of CNAs with oncogenic potential and provide a framework to dissect the molecular mechanisms that mediate tumor escape from dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger A Moorehead
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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386
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Göbel A, Breining D, Rauner M, Hofbauer LC, Rachner TD. Induction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase mediates statin resistance in breast cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:91. [PMID: 30692522 PMCID: PMC6349912 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway has emerged as a promising target for several solid tumors. Statins are inhibitors of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme of this pathway, and are commonly used to treat patients with hypercholesterolemia. Pleiotropic antitumor mechanisms of statins have been demonstrated for several human cancer types. However, cancer cells differ in their individual statin sensitivity and some cell lines have shown relative resistance. In this study we demonstrate, that the human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MCF-7, and T47D are differentially affected by statins. Whereas the vitality of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells was reduced by up to 60% using atorvastatin, simvastatin, or rosuvastatin (p < 0.001), only marginal effects were seen in T47D and MCF-7 cells following exposure to statins. Statin treatment led to an upregulation of HMGCR mRNA and protein expression by up to sixfolds in the statin-resistant cells lines (p < 0.001), but no alterations of HMGCR were observed in the statin-sensitive MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. The knockdown of HMGCR prior to statin treatment sensitized the resistant cell lines, reflected by a 70% reduction in vitality, increased apoptotic DNA fragmentation (sixfold) and by accumulation of the apoptosis marker cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase. Statins induced a cleavage of the sterol-regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-2, a transcriptional activator of the HMGCR, in T47D and MCF-7 cells. The inhibition of SREBP-2 activation by co-administration of dipyridamole sensitized MCF-7 and T47D cells for statins (loss of vitality by 80%; p < 0.001). Furthermore, assessment of a statin-resistant MDA-MB-231 clone, generated by long-term sublethal statin exposure, revealed a significant induction of HMGCR expression by up to 12-folds (p < 0.001). Knockdown of HMGCR restored statin sensitivity back to levels of the parental cells. In conclusion, these results indicate a resistance of cancer cells against statins, which is in part due to the induction of HMGCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Göbel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Dorit Breining
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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387
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Rossing M, Sørensen CS, Ejlertsen B, Nielsen FC. Whole genome sequencing of breast cancer. APMIS 2019; 127:303-315. [PMID: 30689231 PMCID: PMC6850492 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer was the first to take advantage of targeted therapy using endocrine therapy, and for up to 20% of all breast cancer patients a further significant improvement has been obtained by HER2‐targeted therapy. Greater insight in precision medicine is to some extent driven by technical and computational progress, with the first wave of a true technical advancement being the application of transcriptomic analysis. Molecular subtyping further improved our understanding of breast cancer biology and has through a new tumor classification enabled allocation of personalized treatment regimens. The next wave in technical progression must be next‐generation‐sequencing which is currently providing new and exciting results. Large‐scale sequencing data unravel novel somatic and potential targetable mutations as well as allowing the identification of new candidate genes predisposing for familial breast cancer. So far, around 15% of all breast cancer patients are genetically predisposed with most genes being factors in pathways implicated in genome maintenance. This review focuses on whole‐genome sequencing and the new possibilities that this technique, together with other high‐throughput analytic approaches, provides for a more individualized treatment course of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rossing
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group & Department of Clinical Oncology Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Cilius Nielsen
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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388
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Brady SW, Ma X, Bahrami A, Satas G, Wu G, Newman S, Rusch M, Putnam DK, Mulder HL, Yergeau DA, Edmonson MN, Easton J, Alexandrov LB, Chen X, Mardis ER, Wilson RK, Downing JR, Pappo AS, Raphael BJ, Dyer MA, Zhang J. The Clonal Evolution of Metastatic Osteosarcoma as Shaped by Cisplatin Treatment. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:895-906. [PMID: 30651371 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the genomic evolution of metastatic pediatric osteosarcoma, we performed whole-genome and targeted deep sequencing on 14 osteosarcoma metastases and two primary tumors from four patients (two to eight samples per patient). All four patients harbored ancestral (truncal) somatic variants resulting in TP53 inactivation and cell-cycle aberrations, followed by divergence into relapse-specific lineages exhibiting a cisplatin-induced mutation signature. In three of the four patients, the cisplatin signature accounted for >40% of mutations detected in the metastatic samples. Mutations potentially acquired during cisplatin treatment included NF1 missense mutations of uncertain significance in two patients and a KIT G565R activating mutation in one patient. Three of four patients demonstrated widespread ploidy differences between samples from the sample patient. Single-cell seeding of metastasis was detected in most metastatic samples. Cross-seeding between metastatic sites was observed in one patient, whereas in another patient a minor clone from the primary tumor seeded both metastases analyzed. These results reveal extensive clonal heterogeneity in metastatic osteosarcoma, much of which is likely cisplatin-induced. IMPLICATIONS: The extent and consequences of chemotherapy-induced damage in pediatric cancers is unknown. We found that cisplatin treatment can potentially double the mutational burden in osteosarcoma, which has implications for optimizing therapy for recurrent, chemotherapy-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Brady
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Xiaotu Ma
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Armita Bahrami
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gryte Satas
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Scott Newman
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Michael Rusch
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Daniel K Putnam
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Heather L Mulder
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Donald A Yergeau
- UB Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Michael N Edmonson
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - John Easton
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Richard K Wilson
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James R Downing
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Alberto S Pappo
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Benjamin J Raphael
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Michael A Dyer
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
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389
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Sridharan S, Howard CM, Tilley AMC, Subramaniyan B, Tiwari AK, Ruch RJ, Raman D. Novel and Alternative Targets Against Breast Cancer Stemness to Combat Chemoresistance. Front Oncol 2019. [PMID: 31681564 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01003.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play a vital role in tumor progression and metastasis. They are heterogeneous and inherently radio- and chemoresistant. They have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into non-BCSCs. These determinants of BCSCs including the plasticity between the mesenchymal and epithelial phenotypes often leads to minimal residual disease (MRD), tumor relapse, and therapy failure. By studying the resistance mechanisms in BCSCs, a combinatorial therapy can be formulated to co-target BCSCs and bulk tumor cells. This review addresses breast cancer stemness and molecular underpinnings of how the cancer stemness can lead to pharmacological resistance. This might occur through rewiring of signaling pathways and modulated expression of various targets that support survival and self-renewal, clonogenicity, and multi-lineage differentiation into heterogeneous bulk tumor cells following chemotherapy. We explore emerging novel and alternative molecular targets against BC stemness and chemoresistance involving survival, drug efflux, metabolism, proliferation, cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Strategic targeting of such vulnerabilities in BCSCs may overcome the chemoresistance and increase the longevity of the metastatic breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Sridharan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Cory M Howard
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Augustus M C Tilley
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | | | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Randall J Ruch
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Dayanidhi Raman
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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390
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Rani A, Stebbing J, Giamas G, Murphy J. Endocrine Resistance in Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer-From Mechanism to Therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:245. [PMID: 31178825 PMCID: PMC6543000 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance and role of the estrogen receptor (ER) pathway has been well-documented in both breast cancer (BC) development and progression. The treatment of choice in women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is classically divided into a variety of endocrine therapies, 3 of the most common being: selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM), aromatase inhibitors (AI) and selective estrogen receptor down-regulators (SERD). In a proportion of patients, resistance develops to endocrine therapy due to a sophisticated and at times redundant interference, at the molecular level between the ER and growth factor. The progression to endocrine resistance is considered to be a gradual, step-wise process. Several mechanisms have been proposed but thus far none of them can be defined as the complete explanation behind the phenomenon of endocrine resistance. Although multiple cellular, molecular and immune mechanisms have been and are being extensively studied, their individual roles are often poorly understood. In this review, we summarize current progress in our understanding of ER biology and the molecular mechanisms that predispose and determine endocrine resistance in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Rani
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Aradhana Rani
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - John Murphy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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391
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Sridharan S, Robeson M, Bastihalli-Tukaramrao D, Howard CM, Subramaniyan B, Tilley AMC, Tiwari AK, Raman D. Targeting of the Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4A Against Breast Cancer Stemness. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1311. [PMID: 31867270 PMCID: PMC6909344 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are intrinsically chemoresistant and capable of self-renewal. Following chemotherapy, patients can develop minimal residual disease due to BCSCs which can repopulate into a relapsed tumor. Therefore, it is imperative to co-target BCSCs along with the bulk tumor cells to achieve therapeutic success and prevent recurrence. So, it is vital to identify actionable molecular targets against both BCSCs and bulk tumor cells. Previous findings from our lab and others have demonstrated that inhibition of the emerging drug target eIF4A with Rocaglamide A (RocA) was efficacious against triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC). RocA specifically targets the pool of eIF4A bound to the oncogenic mRNAs that requires its helicase activity for their translation. This property enables specific targeting of tumor cells. The efficacy of RocA against BCSCs is unknown. In this study, we postulated that eIF4A could be a vulnerable node in BCSCs. In order to test this, we generated a paclitaxel-resistant TNBC cell line which demonstrated an elevated level of eIF4A along with increased levels of cancer stemness markers (ALDH activity and CD44), pluripotency transcription factors (SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG) and drug transporters (ABCB1, ABCG2, and ABCC1). Furthermore, genetic ablation of eIF4A resulted in reduced expression of ALDH1A1, pluripotency transcription factors and drug transporters. This pointed out that eIF4A is likely associated with selected set of proteins that are critical to BCSCs, and hence targeting eIF4A may eliminate BCSCs. Therefore, we isolated BCSCs from two TNBC cell lines: MDA-Bone-Un and SUM-159PT. Following RocA treatment, the self-renewal ability of the BCSCs was significantly reduced as determined by the efficiency of the formation of primary and secondary mammospheres. This was accompanied by a reduction in the levels of NANOG, OCT4, and drug transporters. Exposure to RocA also induced cell death of the BCSCs as evaluated by DRAQ7 and cell viability assays. RocA treatment induced apoptosis with increased levels of cleaved caspase-3. Overall, we identified that RocA is effective in targeting BCSCs, and eIF4A is an actionable molecular target in both BCSCs and bulk tumor cells. Therefore, anti-eIF4A inhibitors could potentially be combined synergistically with existing chemo-, radio- and/or immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Sridharan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Megan Robeson
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Diwakar Bastihalli-Tukaramrao
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Cory M. Howard
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Boopathi Subramaniyan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Augustus M. C. Tilley
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Dayanidhi Raman
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Dayanidhi Raman
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392
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Kalinowski L, Saunus JM, McCart Reed AE, Lakhani SR. Breast Cancer Heterogeneity in Primary and Metastatic Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1152:75-104. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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393
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Targeting of JAK-STAT Signaling in Breast Cancer: Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1152:271-281. [PMID: 31456189 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly emerging ground-breaking discoveries have provided near to complete resolution of breast cancer signaling landscape and scientists have mapped the knowledge gaps associated with proteins encoded by the human genome. Based on the insights gleaned from decades of research, it seems clear that ligands transmit distinct information through specific receptors that is processed into characteristically unique biological outputs. Advances in imaging, structural biology, proteomics and genome editing have helped us to gain new insights into JAK-STAT signaling and how alterations in this pathway contributed to development of breast cancer and metastatic spread. Data obtained through high-throughput technologies has started to shed light on signal-transducer complexes formed during JAK-STAT signaling. Pharmacologists and molecular biologists are focusing on the strategies to therapeutically target this pathway to overcome drug resistance associated with breast cancer.
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394
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Molecular characterisation of aromatase inhibitor-resistant advanced breast cancer: the phenotypic effect of ESR1 mutations. Br J Cancer 2018; 120:247-255. [PMID: 30563991 PMCID: PMC6342946 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several thousand breast cancer patients develop resistance to aromatase inhibitors (AIs) each year in the UK. Rational treatment requires an improved molecular characterisation of resistant disease. Materials and methods The mutational landscape of 198 regions in 16 key breast cancer genes and RNA expression of 209 genes covering key pathways was evaluated in paired biopsies before AI treatment and at progression on AI from 48 patients. Validity of findings was assessed in another five ESR1-mutated tumours progressing on AI. Results Eighty-nine mutations were identified in 41 matched pairs (PIK3CA in 27%; CDH1 in 20%). ESR1 (n = 5), ERBB2 (n = 1) and MAP2K4 (n = 1) had mutations in the secondary sample only. There was very high heterogeneity in gene expression between AI-resistant tumours with few patterns apparent. However, in the ESR1-mutated AI-resistant tumours, expression of four classical oestrogen-regulated genes (ERGs) was sevenfold higher than in ESR1 wild-type tumours, a finding confirmed in the second set of ESR1-mutated tumours. In ESR1 wild-type AI-resistant tumours ERG expression remained suppressed and was uncoupled from the recovery seen in proliferation. Conclusions Major genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity exists between AI-resistant disease. ESR1 mutations appear to drive oestrogen-regulated processes in resistant tumours.
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395
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Richman J, Dowsett M. Beyond 5 years: enduring risk of recurrence in oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2018; 16:296-311. [DOI: 10.1038/s41571-018-0145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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396
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High-resolution deconstruction of evolution induced by chemotherapy treatments in breast cancer xenografts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17937. [PMID: 30560892 PMCID: PMC6298990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The processes by which tumors evolve are essential to the efficacy of treatment, but quantitative understanding of intratumoral dynamics has been limited. Although intratumoral heterogeneity is common, quantification of evolution is difficult from clinical samples because treatment replicates cannot be performed and because matched serial samples are infrequently available. To circumvent these problems we derived and assayed large sets of human triple-negative breast cancer xenografts and cell cultures from two patients, including 86 xenografts from cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, cisplatin, docetaxel, or vehicle treatment cohorts as well as 45 related cell cultures. We assayed these samples via exome-seq and/or high-resolution droplet digital PCR, allowing us to distinguish complex therapy-induced selection and drift processes among endogenous cancer subclones with cellularity uncertainty <3%. For one patient, we discovered two predominant subclones that were granularly intermixed in all 48 co-derived xenograft samples. These two subclones exhibited differential chemotherapy sensitivity–when xenografts were treated with cisplatin for 3 weeks, the post-treatment volume change was proportional to the post-treatment ratio of subclones on a xenograft-to-xenograft basis. A subsequent cohort in which xenografts were treated with cisplatin, allowed a drug holiday, then treated a second time continued to exhibit this proportionality. In contrast, xenografts from other treatment cohorts, spatially dissected xenograft fragments, and cell cultures evolved in diverse ways but with substantial population bottlenecks. These results show that ecosystems susceptible to successive retreatment can arise spontaneously in breast cancer in spite of a background of irregular subclonal bottlenecks, and our work provides to our knowledge the first quantification of the population genetics of such a system. Intriguingly, in such an ecosystem the ratio of common subclones is predictive of the state of treatment susceptibility, showing how measurements of subclonal heterogeneity could guide treatment for some patients.
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397
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Coussy F, Bonin F, Azorin P, Tariq Z, Driouch K. [Biology of metastases and molecular mechanisms of their formation]. Bull Cancer 2018; 106:24-36. [PMID: 30554635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis in cancer patients is often associated with a poor prognosis. However, we still have limited knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms, due to the great complexity of the biological processes involved in the formation of metastases. During tumor progression, the metastatic cells acquire genetic and epigenetic modifications allowing them to adapt to the various environments they will encounter (in the circulation and the host microenvironment) and to resist to the antitumor therapeutic agents. In this review, we expose the current knowledge on the biology of metastases. We summarize the different signaling pathways involved in the successive steps of the metastatic cascade, highlighting recent advances in the field to better understand the molecular mechanisms leading to metastasis formation. In addition, our understanding of metastatic progression has made great progress with the recent advances in high throughput sequencing techniques. We expose data from genomic analyzes of metastases. These studies allowed the identification of alterations acquired exclusively in distant metastases. They highlight the emergence of alterations offering new targeted therapeutic options for cancer patients and they provide new insight into the mechanisms of treatment resistance at the origin of metastatic relapses. Finally, we present latest clinical trials based on the genomic profiles of metastases, initiated in recent years, and we discuss their potential impact in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Coussy
- Institut Curie, département de biologie des tumeurs, service de génétique, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France; Institut Curie, département d'oncologie médicale, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Florian Bonin
- Institut Curie, département de biologie des tumeurs, service de génétique, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Paula Azorin
- Institut Curie, département de biologie des tumeurs, service de génétique, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Zakia Tariq
- Institut Curie, département de biologie des tumeurs, service de génétique, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Keltouma Driouch
- Institut Curie, département de biologie des tumeurs, service de génétique, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France.
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398
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Nayar U, Cohen O, Kapstad C, Cuoco MS, Waks AG, Wander SA, Painter C, Freeman S, Persky NS, Marini L, Helvie K, Oliver N, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Ma CX, Regev A, Winer EP, Lin NU, Wagle N. Acquired HER2 mutations in ER + metastatic breast cancer confer resistance to estrogen receptor-directed therapies. Nat Genet 2018; 51:207-216. [PMID: 30531871 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Seventy percent of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor (ER), and agents that target the ER are the mainstay of treatment. However, virtually all people with ER+ breast cancer develop resistance to ER-directed agents in the metastatic setting. Beyond mutations in the ER itself, which occur in 25-30% of people treated with aromatase inhibitors1-4, knowledge about clinical resistance mechanisms remains incomplete. We identified activating HER2 mutations in metastatic biopsies from eight patients with ER+ metastatic breast cancer who had developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors, tamoxifen or fulvestrant. Examination of treatment-naive primary tumors in five patients showed no evidence of pre-existing mutations in four of five patients, suggesting that these mutations were acquired under the selective pressure of ER-directed therapy. The HER2 mutations and ER mutations were mutually exclusive, suggesting a distinct mechanism of acquired resistance to ER-directed therapies. In vitro analysis confirmed that the HER2 mutations conferred estrogen independence as well as-in contrast to ER mutations-resistance to tamoxifen, fulvestrant and the CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitor palbociclib. Resistance was overcome by combining ER-directed therapy with the irreversible HER2 kinase inhibitor neratinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utthara Nayar
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ofir Cohen
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christian Kapstad
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Cuoco
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adrienne G Waks
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth A Wander
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Samuel Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Lori Marini
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karla Helvie
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nelly Oliver
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Cynthia X Ma
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric P Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy U Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikhil Wagle
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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399
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Li Z, Razavi P, Li Q, Toy W, Liu B, Ping C, Hsieh W, Sanchez-Vega F, Brown DN, Da Cruz Paula AF, Morris L, Selenica P, Eichenberger E, Shen R, Schultz N, Rosen N, Scaltriti M, Brogi E, Baselga J, Reis-Filho JS, Chandarlapaty S. Loss of the FAT1 Tumor Suppressor Promotes Resistance to CDK4/6 Inhibitors via the Hippo Pathway. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:893-905.e8. [PMID: 30537512 PMCID: PMC6294301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors (CDK4/6i) are effective in breast cancer; however, drug resistance is frequently encountered and poorly understood. We conducted a genomic analysis of 348 estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers treated with CDK4/6i and identified loss-of-function mutations affecting FAT1 and RB1 linked to drug resistance. FAT1 loss led to marked elevations in CDK6, the suppression of which restored sensitivity to CDK4/6i. The induction of CDK6 was mediated by the Hippo pathway with accumulation of YAP and TAZ transcription factors on the CDK6 promoter. Genomic alterations in other Hippo pathway components were also found to promote CDK4/6i resistance. These findings uncover a tumor suppressor function of Hippo signaling in ER+ breast cancer and establish FAT1 loss as a mechanism of resistance to CDK4/6i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pedram Razavi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA; Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Qing Li
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Weiyi Toy
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christina Ping
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wilson Hsieh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Vega
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David N Brown
- Department of Pathology, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Luc Morris
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pier Selenica
- Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Ronglai Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Neal Rosen
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maurizio Scaltriti
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Edi Brogi
- Department of Pathology, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jose Baselga
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA; Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA; Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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400
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Wang XM, Zhang Z, Pan LH, Cao XC, Xiao C. KRT19 and CEACAM5 mRNA-marked circulated tumor cells indicate unfavorable prognosis of breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 174:375-385. [PMID: 30535933 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-05069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of circulated tumor cells (CTC) marked by cytokeratin 19 coding gene KRT19 mRNA and carcinoembryonic antigen coding gene CEACAM5 mRNA in preoperative peripheral blood of breast cancer patients and provide molecular markers for breast cancer metastasis risk. METHODS The mRNA levels of KRT19 and CEACAM5 in preoperative peripheral blood of breast cancer patients without (n = 603) and with (n = 76) distant metastases at the time of initial diagnosis were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The relationship between CTCKRT19, CTCCEACAM5 and clinicopathological features, local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), or overall survival (OS) was statistically analyzed. RESULTS In different pathological stages of breast cancer, the rates of CTCKRT19-pos and CTCCEACAM5-pos increased with the increase of the stages (P = 0.077 and P = 0.004). Preoperative CTCKRT19-pos in breast cancer patients was closely related to the lymph node metastasis statues (P < 0.0001), and had no significant correlation with other clinicopathological features. There was no significant correlation between CTCCEACAM5 and the clinicopathological features. Patients with high levels of CTC double-marked by KRT19 and CEACAM5 mRNA had shorter DMFS (P < 0.0001) and OS (P = 0.016) for patients with breast cancer. The 7-year DMFS rates for the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups were 90.7%, 67.5%, and 59.1%, respectively (P < 0.0001). The prognosis of patients with decreased KRT19 and CEACAM5 mRNA after treatment is better than that of patients who have not decreased, and the combination of the two indicators is better than the single one for predicting PFS (P = 0.002 compare with P = 0.036 or P = 0.047). CONCLUSION Double-marked CTC by KRT19 and CEACAM5 mRNA is a prognostic index of breast cancer patients before surgery and after chemotherapy. Single-marked CTC by KRT19 mRNA indicates lymph node statues of preoperative patients. Therefore, the RT-qPCR-based molecular diagnosis of CTC could be used for prognostic prediction of breast cancer patients and guiding clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Mei Wang
- First Department of Breast Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 1 Huan-Hu Xi Road, Ti-Yuan Bei, He Xi, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- First Department of Breast Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 1 Huan-Hu Xi Road, Ti-Yuan Bei, He Xi, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hui Pan
- First Department of Breast Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 1 Huan-Hu Xi Road, Ti-Yuan Bei, He Xi, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Chen Cao
- First Department of Breast Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 1 Huan-Hu Xi Road, Ti-Yuan Bei, He Xi, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Xiao
- First Department of Breast Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 1 Huan-Hu Xi Road, Ti-Yuan Bei, He Xi, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
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