351
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Yang C, Cho S, Heeger A, Wudl F. Heteroanalogues of PCBM: N-Bridged Imino-PCBMs for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:1592-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200805228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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352
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Guryanov I, Montellano López A, Carraro M, Da Ros T, Scorrano G, Maggini M, Prato M, Bonchio M. Metal-free, retro-cycloaddition of fulleropyrrolidines in ionic liquids under microwave irradiation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3940-2. [DOI: 10.1039/b906813a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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353
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Wang GW, Wu P, Yang HT. Reaction of [60]fullerene with trans-epoxides: a theoretical study. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:1851-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b818965j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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354
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Kraszewska A, Rivera-Fuentes P, Thilgen C, Diederich F. First enantiomerically pure C70-adducts with a non-inherently chiral addition pattern. NEW J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b814054e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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355
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Wang GW, Zhu B. A facile access to [60]fullerene-fused δ-lactones: unexpected reaction pathway of benzenediazonium-2-carboxylates controlled by organic bases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:1769-71. [DOI: 10.1039/b820395d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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356
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A geometric constraint, the head-to-tail exclusion rule, may be the basis for the isolated-pentagon rule in fullerenes with more than 60 vertices. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:19142-7. [PMID: 19050075 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0807603105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon atoms self-assemble into the famous soccer-ball shaped Buckminsterfullerene (C(60)), the smallest fullerene cage that obeys the isolated-pentagon rule (IPR). Carbon atoms self-assemble into larger (n > 60 vertices) empty cages as well-but only the few that obey the IPR-and at least 1 small fullerene (n <or= 60) with adjacent pentagons. Clathrin protein also self-assembles into small fullerene cages with adjacent pentagons, but just a few of those. We asked why carbon atoms and clathrin proteins self-assembled into just those IPR and small cage isomers. In answer, we described a geometric constraint-the head-to-tail exclusion rule-that permits self-assembly of just the following fullerene cages: among the 5,769 possible small cages (n <or= 60 vertices) with adjacent pentagons, only 15; the soccer ball (n = 60); and among the 216,739 large cages with 60 < n <or= 84 vertices, only the 50 IPR ones. The last finding was a complete surprise. Here, by showing that the largest permitted fullerene with adjacent pentagons is one with 60 vertices and a ring of interleaved hexagons and pentagon pairs, we prove that for all n > 60, the head-to-tail exclusion rule permits only (and all) fullerene cages and nanotubes that obey the IPR. We therefore suggest that self-assembly that obeys the IPR may be explained by the head-to-tail exclusion rule, a geometric constraint.
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357
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Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Gan L, Wang Z. Preparation of fullerenol, fullerenone, and aminofullerene derivatives through selective cleavage of fullerene C–H, C–C, C–N, and C–O bonds in fullerene-mixed peroxide derivatives. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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358
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Kareev IE, Kuvychko IV, Shustova NB, Lebedkin SF, Bubnov VP, Anderson OP, Popov AA, Boltalina OV, Strauss SH. C1-(C84-C2(11))(CF3)12: trifluoromethylation yields structural proof of a minor C84 cage and reveals a principle of higher fullerene reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6204-7. [PMID: 18618569 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan E Kareev
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.
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359
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Kareev I, Kuvychko I, Shustova N, Lebedkin S, Bubnov V, Anderson O, Popov A, Boltalina O, Strauss S. C1-(C84-C2(11))(CF3)12: Trifluoromethylation Yields Structural Proof of a Minor C84Cage and Reveals a Principle of Higher Fullerene Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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360
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Li FB, Liu TX, Wang GW. Synthesis of Fullerooxazoles: Novel Reactions of [60]Fullerene with Nitriles Promoted by Ferric Perchlorate. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6417-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8007868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Bao Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Tong-Xin Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, Peopleʼs Republic of China
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361
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Higashibayashi S, Sakurai H. Asymmetric Synthesis of a Chiral Buckybowl, Trimethylsumanene. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:8592-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja802822k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Higashibayashi
- Research Center for Molecular Scale Nanoscience, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan, and PRESTO, JST, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Sakurai
- Research Center for Molecular Scale Nanoscience, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan, and PRESTO, JST, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
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362
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Yang X, Gan L, Wang Z. Controlled regio- and chemoselective addition of isothiocyanate to the dione moiety of a cage-opened fullerene-mixed peroxide derivative. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:1980-2. [PMID: 18536794 DOI: 10.1039/b800722e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Addition of the ambident SCN group to a fullerendione derivative follows two different pathways in the presence and absence of Lewis acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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363
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Yan H, Yu S, Wang X, He Y, Huang W, Yang M. Dipole polarizabilities of noble gas endohedral fullerenes. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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364
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Yao J, Xiao Z, Zhang J, Yang X, Gan L, Zhang WX. Switched role of fullerene in the Diels–Alder reaction: facile addition of dienophiles to the conjugated fullerenediene moiety. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:401-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b817300a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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365
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Kitaev V. Chiral nanoscale building blocks—from understanding to applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b808054b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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366
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Ariga K, Hill JP, Lee MV, Vinu A, Charvet R, Acharya S. Challenges and breakthroughs in recent research on self-assembly. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2008; 9:014109. [PMID: 27877935 PMCID: PMC5099804 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/9/1/014109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The controlled fabrication of nanometer-scale objects is without doubt one of the central issues in current science and technology. However, existing fabrication techniques suffer from several disadvantages including size-restrictions and a general paucity of applicable materials. Because of this, the development of alternative approaches based on supramolecular self-assembly processes is anticipated as a breakthrough methodology. This review article aims to comprehensively summarize the salient aspects of self-assembly through the introduction of the recent challenges and breakthroughs in three categories: (i) types of self-assembly in bulk media; (ii) types of components for self-assembly in bulk media; and (iii) self-assembly at interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International (WPI), Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jonathan P Hill
- World Premier International (WPI), Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
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367
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Cao B, Nikawa H, Nakahodo T, Tsuchiya T, Maeda Y, Akasaka T, Sawa H, Slanina Z, Mizorogi N, Nagase S. Addition of Adamantylidene to La2@C78: Isolation and Single-Crystal X-ray Structural Determination of the Monoadducts. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 130:983-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja076462v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baopeng Cao
- Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Nikawa
- Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Nakahodo
- Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuchiya
- Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sawa
- Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Zdenek Slanina
- Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Naomi Mizorogi
- Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan, PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan, and Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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368
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Xiao Z, Yao J, Yang D, Wang F, Huang S, Gan L, Jia Z, Jiang Z, Yang X, Zheng B, Yuan G, Zhang S, Wang Z. Synthesis of [59]fullerenones through peroxide-mediated stepwise cleavage of fullerene skeleton bonds and X-ray structures of their water-encapsulated open-cage complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:16149-62. [PMID: 18052066 DOI: 10.1021/ja0763798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fullerene skeleton modification has been investigated through selective cleavage of the fullerene carbon-carbon bonds under mild conditions. Several cage-opened fullerene derivatives including three [59]fullerenones with an 18-membered-ring orifice and one [59]fullerenone with a 19-membered-ring orifice have been prepared starting from the fullerene mixed peroxide 1, C60(OOtBu)6. The prepositioned tert-butyl peroxy groups in 1 serve as excellent oxygen sources for formation of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. The cage-opening reactions were initiated by photoinduced homolysis of the tBu-O bond, followed by sequential ring expansion steps. A key step of the ring expansion reactions is the oxidation of adjacent fullerene hydroxyl and amino groups by diacetoxyliodobenzene (DIB). Aminolysis of a cage-opened fullerene derivative containing an anhydride moiety resulted in multiple bond cleavage in one step. A domino mechanism was proposed for this reaction. Decarboxylation led to elimination of one carbon atom from the C60 cage and formation of [59]fullerenones. The cage-opened [59]fullerenones were found to encapsulate water under mild conditions. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic data. Single-crystal structures were also obtained for five skeleton-modified derivatives including two water-encapsulated fulleroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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369
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Whitnall W, Cademartiri L, Ozin GA. C60−PMO: Periodic Mesoporous Buckyballsilica. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:15644-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja075729n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Whitnall
- Contribution from the Center for Inorganic and Polymeric Nanomaterials, Materials Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Group, Chemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Ludovico Cademartiri
- Contribution from the Center for Inorganic and Polymeric Nanomaterials, Materials Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Group, Chemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Geoffrey A. Ozin
- Contribution from the Center for Inorganic and Polymeric Nanomaterials, Materials Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Group, Chemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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370
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Simeonov KS, Amsharov KY, Jansen M. Connectivity of the ChiralD2-Symmetric Isomer of C76 through a Crystal-Structure Determination of C76Cl18⋅TiCl4. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:8419-21. [PMID: 17899582 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalin S Simeonov
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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371
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Simeonov K, Amsharov K, Jansen M. Connectivity of the ChiralD2-Symmetric Isomer of C76 through a Crystal-Structure Determination of C76Cl18⋅TiCl4. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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372
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A geometric principle may guide self-assembly of fullerene cages from clathrin triskelia and from carbon atoms. Biophys J 2007; 94:958-76. [PMID: 17921209 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.110817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin triskelia and carbon atoms alike self-assemble into a limited selection of fullerene cages (with n three connected vertices, 3n/2 edges, 12 pentagonal faces, and (n-20)/2 hexagonal faces). We show that a geometric constraint-exclusion of head-to-tail dihedral angle discrepancies (DADs)-explains this limited selection as well as successful assembly into such closed cages in the first place. An edge running from a pentagon to a hexagon has a DAD, since the dihedral angles about the edge broaden from its pentagon (tail) end to its hexagon (head) end. Of the 21 configurations of a central face and surrounding faces, six have such DAD vectors arranged head-to-tail. Of the 5770 mathematically possible fullerene cages for n <or= 60, excluding those with any of the six configurations leaves just 15 cages plus buckminsterfullerene (n = 60), among them the known clathrin cages. Of the 216,739 mathematically possible cages for 60 < n <or= 84, just the 50 that obey the isolated-pentagon rule, among them known carbon cages, pass. The absence of likely fullerenes for some n (30,34,46,48,52-58,62-68) explains the abundance of certain cages, including buckminsterfullerene. These principles also suggest a "probable roads" path to self-assembly in place of pentagon-road and fullerene-road hypotheses.
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373
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The physical basis for the head-to-tail rule that excludes most fullerene cages from self-assembly. Biophys J 2007; 94:938-57. [PMID: 17921208 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.110833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the companion article, we proposed that fullerene cages with head-to-tail dihedral angle discrepancies do not self-assemble. Here we show why. If an edge abuts a pentagon at one end and a hexagon at the other, the dihedral angle about the edge increases, producing a dihedral angle discrepancy (DAD) vector. The DADs about all five/six edges of a central pentagonal/hexagonal face are determined by the identities-pentagon or hexagon-of its five/six surrounding faces. Each "Ring"-central face plus specific surrounding faces-may have zero, two, or four edges with DAD. In most Rings, the nonplanarity induced by DADs is shared among surrounding faces. However, in a Ring that has DADs arranged head of one to tail of another, the nonplanarity cannot be shared, so some surrounding faces would be especially nonplanar. Because the head-to-tail exclusion rule is an implicit geometric constraint, the rule may operate either by imposing a kinetic barrier that prevents assembly of certain Rings or by imposing an energy cost that makes those Rings unlikely to last in an equilibrium circumstance. Since Rings with head-to-tail DADs would be unlikely to self-assemble or last, fullerene cages with those Rings would be unlikely to self-assemble.
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374
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Efficient conversion of bromofullerene to alkoxyfullerenes through either homolytic or heterolytic cleavage of C60–Br bond. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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375
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High selectivity of fluorine atom addition to the asymmetric chemical bonds of C70 fullerene. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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376
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Misochko EY, Akimov AV, Belov VA, Tyurin DA, Laikov DN. High resolution EPR spectroscopy of C(60)F and C(70)F in solid argon: reassignment of C(70)F regioisomers. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:084301. [PMID: 17764242 DOI: 10.1063/1.2768350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals C(60)F and C(70)F were generated in solid argon by means of chemical reaction of photogenerated fluorine atoms with isolated fullerene molecules (C(60) or C(70)). High resolution anisotropic electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of C(60)F and C(70)F at low temperature have been obtained for the first time. The spectrum of C(60)F is characterized by an axially symmetric hyperfine interaction on (19)F nucleus. The hyperfine coupling constants A(iso)=202.8 MHz (Fermi contact interaction) and A(dip)=51.8 MHz (electron-nuclear magnetic-dipole interaction) have been measured for C(60)F in solid argon. Quantum chemical calculations using hybrid density-functional models (either PBE0 or B3LYP) with high-quality basis sets give a theoretical estimate of the hyperfine coupling constants in good agreement with the measurements. The electron spin density distribution in C(60)F is theoretically characterized using the Hirshfeld atomic partitioning scheme. Unlike C(60), five isomers of C(70)F can in principle be produced by the attachment of a fluorine atom to one of the five distinct carbon atoms of the C(70) molecule (denoted A, B, C, D, and E, from pole to equator). The measured high resolution EPR spectrum of the C(70)+F reaction products is interpreted to show the presence of only three regioisomers of C(70)F. Based on the comparison of the measured hyperfine constants with those estimated by the quantum chemical calculation, an assignment of the spectra to the isomers (A, C, and D) is made, which differs strongly from the previous one [J. R. Morton, K. F. Preston, and F. Negri, Chem. Phys. Lett. 221, 59 (1994)]. The new assignment would allow the conclusion that the low-temperature attachment of F atom to the asymmetric C=C bonds of C(70) molecule, namely, C(A)[Double Bond]C(B) and C(D)=C(E), shows remarkably high selectivity, producing only one of the two isomers in each case, A and D, respectively. Theoretical investigation of the reaction mechanism is made, and it shows that the attachment reaction should have no barrier in the gas phase. The thermodynamic equilibration of the C(70)F isomers is excluded by the high activation energy ( approximately 30 kcal/mol) for the F atom shifts. The explanation of the high selectivity presents a challenge for theoretical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ya Misochko
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia.
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377
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Cai T, Xu L, Gibson HW, Dorn HC, Chancellor CJ, Olmstead MM, Balch AL. Sc3N@C78: Encapsulated Cluster Regiocontrol of Adduct Docking on an Ellipsoidal Metallofullerene Sphere. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:10795-800. [PMID: 17691732 DOI: 10.1021/ja072345o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first N-tritylpyrrolidino derivatives of D(3h) (78:5) Sc(3)N@C(78) were successfully synthesized and isolated. The addition sites for the two nearly equivalent kinetic monoadducts 1a and 1b are across two different 6,6 junction sites on the Sc(3)N@C(78) cage that are offset from the horizontal plane defined by the Sc(3)N cluster. The adducts were characterized by NMR experiments, DFT calculations and X-ray crystallographic analysis of Sc(3)N@C(78) derivative 1a. A unique finding of this study is the regiocontrol of adduct docking by the internal Sc(3)N cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060-0212, USA
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378
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Matsuo Y, Fujita T, Nakamura E. Hoop-Shaped Condensed Aromatic Systems: Synthesis and Structure of Iron– and Ruthenium–Hepta(organo)[60]fullerene Complexes. Chem Asian J 2007; 2:948-55. [PMID: 17616954 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200700124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Potassium reduction of iron- and ruthenium-penta(organo)[60]fullerene complexes, [M(eta(5)-C60R5)(eta(5)-Cp)] (1 a: M = Fe, R = Ph; 1 b: M = Fe, R = Me; 1 c: M = Ru, R = Ph; 1 d: M = Ru, R = Me; Cp = C5H5) gave mono- and dianions of these complexes. Treatment of the dianion 1 a with alpha-bromodiphenylmethane gave three different iron-hepta(organo)[60]fullerenes, [Fe{eta(5)-C60Ph5(CHPh2)2}(eta(5)-Cp)], as a mixture of regioisomers. All three compounds were fully characterized by physical methods, including X-ray crystallography and electrochemical measurements. One of the three compounds contains a new hoop-shaped condensed aromatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsuo
- Nakamura Functional Carbon Cluster Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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379
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Roubelakis MM, Murata Y, Komatsu K, Orfanopoulos M. Efficient Synthesis of Open-Cage Fullerene Derivatives Having 16-Membered-Ring Orifices. J Org Chem 2007; 72:7042-5. [PMID: 17665956 DOI: 10.1021/jo0710026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 10 new open-cage fullerene derivatives with a 16-membered-ring orifice is being reported. These compounds, derived from the regioselective addition reaction of an aromatic hydrazine or hydrazone to isomeric diketone derivatives of C(60), were isolated in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis M Roubelakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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380
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Romanova IP, Yusupova GG, Balandina AA, Latypov SK, Yakhvarov DG, Nifant’ev NE, Yashunskii DV, Sinyashina OG. Synthesis of the individual regioisomer of the bisadduct of fullerene C60 with tert-butyl 11-azido-3,6,9-trioxaundecanoate. Russ Chem Bull 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-007-0231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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