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Steinkamp AD, Schmitt L, Chen X, Fietkau K, Heise R, Baron JM, Bolm C. Synthesis of a Sulfonimidamide-Based Analog of Tasisulam and Its Biological Evaluation in the Melanoma Cell Lines SKMel23 and A375. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 29:281-290. [PMID: 28013301 DOI: 10.1159/000453042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tasisulam is a promising antitumor agent with complex pharmacology, which is used as an antiproliferative agent in patients with metastatic melanoma and other solid tumors. Phase 2 melanoma studies showed promising results but had to be stopped because of insufficient tasisulam clearance leading to toxic side effects. To reduce the negative effects of tasisulam, we synthesized a novel sulfonimidamide-based analog to evaluate its antiproliferative effects in comparison to the original compound by performing a cell proliferation assay in melanoma cell lines SKMel23 and A375. The results revealed that the analog had inhibitory effects on the proliferation comparable to tasisulam in both investigated cell lines. These results could contribute to a reduced toxicity of tasisulam and lead to further clinical trials in metastatic melanoma.
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352
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Yang Y, Pei J, Gao G, Yang Z, Guo S, Yue B, Qiu J. Pharmacological interventions for melanoma: Comparative analysis using bayesian meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:80855-80871. [PMID: 27764796 PMCID: PMC5348360 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a network meta-analysis in order to compare different strategies for managing melanoma patients. Electronic databases were searched for eligible randomized trials that compared different strategies in efficacy and tolerability. Five interventions were associated with a significant improvement in PFS over chemotherapy (all HR < 1): Ipilimumab, Tremelimumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg and Ipilimumab + Nivolumab. Three interventions exhibited significantly improved OS results over chemotherapy (all HR < 1): Ipilimumab, Nivolumab and Ipilimumab + Chemotherapy. Four interventions were superior to chemotherapy in CR and PR (all OR > 1): Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg, Pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg and Ipilimumab + Nivolumab. However, the other seven interventions were associated with an increased risk of pruritus compared to chemotherapy (all OR > 1). Ipilimumab, Tremelimumab, Ipilimumab + Nivolumab and Ipilimumab + Chemotherapy might result in a higher risk of diarrhea compared to chemotherapy (all OR > 1). Immune checkpoint therapy or combined interventions might be more effective than chemotherapy for managing melanoma patients. However, chemotherapy appears to be more tolerable than these combined strategies with respect to adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Medical Insurance and New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance Administration Center, The 252nd Hospital of PLA, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Jiaomiao Pei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Guozhen Gao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The 253rd Hospital of PLA, Hohhot, 010051, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- The First Brigade of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shuzhong Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bo Yue
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jianhua Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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353
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Belbasis L, Stefanaki I, Stratigos AJ, Evangelou E. Non-genetic risk factors for cutaneous melanoma and keratinocyte skin cancers: An umbrella review of meta-analyses. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 84:330-339. [PMID: 27663092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cancers have a complex disease mechanism, involving both genetic and non-genetic risk factors. Numerous meta-analyses have been published claiming statistically significant associations between non-genetic risk factors and skin cancers without applying a thorough methodological assessment. OBJECTIVE The present study maps the literature on the non-genetic risk factors of skin cancers, assesses the presence of statistical biases and identifies the associations with robust evidence. METHODS We searched PubMed up to January 20, 2016 to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies that examined associations between non-genetic factors and skin cancers. For each meta-analysis, we estimated the summary effect size by random-effects and fixed-effects models, the 95% confidence interval and the 95% prediction interval. We also assessed the between-study heterogeneity (I2 metric), evidence for small-study effects and excess significance bias. RESULTS Forty-four eligible papers were identified and included a total of 85 associations. Twenty-one associations were significant at P<10-6. Fifty-two associations had large or very large heterogeneity. Evidence for small-study effects and excess significance bias was found in fifteen and thirteen associations, respectively. Overall, thirteen associations (actinic keratosis, serum vitamin D, sunburns, and hair color for basal cell carcinoma and density of freckles, eye color, hair color, history of melanoma, skin type, sunburns, premalignant skin lesions, common and atypical nevi for melanoma) presented high level of credibility. CONCLUSION The majority of meta-analyses on non-genetic risk factors for skin cancers suffered from large between-study heterogeneity and small-study effects or excess significance bias. The associations with convincing and highly suggestive evidence were mainly focused on skin photosensitivity and phenotypic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaros Belbasis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Irene Stefanaki
- Department of Dermatology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander J Stratigos
- Department of Dermatology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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354
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Sharma R, Fedorenko I, Spence PT, Sondak VK, Smalley KSM, Koomen JM. Activity-Based Protein Profiling Shows Heterogeneous Signaling Adaptations to BRAF Inhibition. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4476-4489. [PMID: 27934295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with BRAF V600E mutant melanoma are typically treated with targeted BRAF kinase inhibitors, such as vemurafenib and dabrafenib. Although these drugs are initially effective, they are not curative. Most of the focus to date has been upon genetic mechanisms of acquired resistance; therefore, we must better understand the global signaling adaptations that mediate escape from BRAF inhibition. In the current study, we have used activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) with ATP-analogue probes to enrich kinases and other enzyme classes that contribute to BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) resistance in four paired isogenic BRAFi-naïve/resistant cell line models. Our analysis showed these cell line models, which also differ in their PTEN status, have considerable heterogeneity in their kinase ATP probe uptake in comparing both naïve cells and adaptations to chronic drug exposure. A number of kinases including FAK1, SLK, and TAOK2 had increased ATP probe uptake in BRAFi resistant cells, while KHS1 (M4K5) and BRAF had decreased ATP probe uptake in the BRAFi-resistant cells. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed BRAFi resistance is associated with a significant enhancement in ATP probe uptake in proteins implicated in cytoskeletal organization and adhesion, and decreases in ATP probe uptake in proteins associated with cell metabolic processes. The ABPP approach was able to identify key phenotypic mediators critical for each BRAFi resistant cell line. Together, these data show that common phenotypic adaptations to BRAF inhibition can be mediated through very different signaling networks, suggesting considerable redundancy within the signaling of BRAF mutant melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritin Sharma
- Molecular Oncology, ‡Tumor Biology, §Cutaneous Oncology, and ∥The Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute , 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Inna Fedorenko
- Molecular Oncology, ‡Tumor Biology, §Cutaneous Oncology, and ∥The Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute , 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Paige T Spence
- Molecular Oncology, ‡Tumor Biology, §Cutaneous Oncology, and ∥The Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute , 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Vernon K Sondak
- Molecular Oncology, ‡Tumor Biology, §Cutaneous Oncology, and ∥The Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute , 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Keiran S M Smalley
- Molecular Oncology, ‡Tumor Biology, §Cutaneous Oncology, and ∥The Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute , 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - John M Koomen
- Molecular Oncology, ‡Tumor Biology, §Cutaneous Oncology, and ∥The Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute , 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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355
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Wurth L, Papasaikas P, Olmeda D, Bley N, Calvo GT, Guerrero S, Cerezo-Wallis D, Martinez-Useros J, García-Fernández M, Hüttelmaier S, Soengas MS, Gebauer F. UNR/CSDE1 Drives a Post-transcriptional Program to Promote Melanoma Invasion and Metastasis. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:694-707. [PMID: 27908735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) modulate cancer progression through poorly understood mechanisms. Here we show that the RBP UNR/CSDE1 is overexpressed in melanoma tumors and promotes invasion and metastasis. iCLIP sequencing, RNA sequencing, and ribosome profiling combined with in silico studies unveiled sets of pro-metastatic factors coordinately regulated by UNR as part of RNA regulons. In addition to RNA steady-state levels, UNR was found to control many of its targets at the level of translation elongation/termination. Key pro-oncogenic targets of UNR included VIM and RAC1, as validated by loss- and gain-of-function studies. Our results identify UNR as an oncogenic modulator of melanoma progression, unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms, and identify potential targets for this therapeutically challenging malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Wurth
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Panagiotis Papasaikas
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Olmeda
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadine Bley
- Section Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Martin-Luther-University (MLU), 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Guadalupe T Calvo
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Guerrero
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniela Cerezo-Wallis
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martinez-Useros
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute - Health Research Institute - University Hospital "Fundacion Jimenez Diaz", 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-Fernández
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Section Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Martin-Luther-University (MLU), 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Maria S Soengas
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Gebauer
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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356
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What Do People Know and Believe about Vitamin D? Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8110718. [PMID: 27845705 PMCID: PMC5133104 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
People have been exposed to a lot of information regarding vitamin D, with evidence suggesting that vitamin D may be involved in numerous health conditions, subsequently creating concerns about vitamin D insufficiency. As a result, what do people really know or believe about this topic? In this cross-sectional study, we assessed vitamin D-related knowledge and beliefs in 59,273 French adults (NutriNet-Santé cohort) using a specific questionnaire. Answers to this questionnaire were weighted according to the French sociodemographic distribution and compared across individual characteristics, using χ2-tests. Physicians and media were identified as key information providers. Participants did not always accurately cite vitamin D sources (e.g., 72% only for sun exposure, fatty fish: 61%) or established health effects (e.g., bone health: 62%–78%). Conversely, they mentioned incorrect sources and health effects for which there is no consensus yet (e.g., skin cancer). These findings were modulated by age/generational and socioeconomic factors. A strong inconsistency was also observed between participants’ true vitamin D status (plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration) and their opinion about it. This study, the first in Europe with such a large sample, stresses the need for simple and up-to-date supports of communication for the public and healthcare professionals regarding sources and health effects of vitamin D.
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357
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Prado G, D'Amore P, Tagliero A, Florez-White M, Acuna J. A cross-sectional study of trends in the stage of melanoma at diagnosis in the United States from 2001-2011. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 75:1057-1059. [PMID: 27745632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Prado
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida.
| | - Peter D'Amore
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Adam Tagliero
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Mercedes Florez-White
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Juan Acuna
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
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358
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review and summarize data on cobimetinib, which was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in November 2015 for use in combination with vemurafenib for unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAFV600E or V600K mutation. DATA SOURCES A literature search using PubMed was conducted using the terms cobimetinib, MEK inhibitor, and melanoma from January 2000 to June 2016. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION The literature search was confined to human studies published in English. Trials of cobimetinib for melanoma were prioritized. DATA SYNTHESIS Cobimetinib is a reversible inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2. Its FDA approval was based on a phase III, randomized trial of vemurafenib monotherapy (n = 248) or vemurafenib and cobimetinib (n = 247) in unresectable stage IIIC or IV melanoma with a BRAFV600 mutation. Cobimetinib was administered as 60 mg orally daily for 21 days/7 days off, whereas vemurafenib was administered as 960 mg twice daily. Vemurafenib and cobimetinib were associated with an objective response rate of 68%, and median progression-free survival of 9.9 months. The overall survival was not reached at the time of first interim analysis. Clinically relevant grade ≥3 adverse events were diarrhea (6%), rash (6%), photosensitivity (2%), elevated liver function tests (LFTs) (8%-12%), increased creatine kinase (11%), and retinal detachment (3%). CONCLUSION Cobimetinib combined with vemurafenib is an alternative BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy for unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAFV600 mutation. The role of cobimetinib in melanoma and other solid tumors is likely to expand as the results from ongoing studies become available.
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359
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Doepker MP, Yamamoto M, Applebaum MA, Patel NU, Jaime Montilla-Soler M, Sarnaik AA, Wayne Cruse C, Sondak VK, Zager JS. Comparison of Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography-Computed Tomography (SPECT/CT) and Conventional Planar Lymphoscintigraphy for Sentinel Node Localization in Patients with Cutaneous Malignancies. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 24:355-361. [PMID: 27660259 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate preoperative lymphoscintigraphy is vital to performing sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for cutaneous malignancies. Potential advantages of single-photon emission computed tomography with integrated computed tomography (SPECT/CT) include the ability to readily identify aberrant drainage patterns as well as provide the surgeon with three-dimensional anatomic landmarks not seen on conventional planar lymphoscintigraphy (PLS). METHODS Patients with cutaneous malignancies who underwent SLNB with preoperative imaging using both SPECT/CT and PLS from 2011 to 2014 were identified. RESULTS Both SPECT/CT and PLS were obtained in 351 patients (median age, 69 years; range, 5-94 years) with cutaneous malignancies (melanoma = 300, Merkel cell carcinoma = 33, squamous cell carcinoma = 8, other = 10) after intradermal injection of 99mtechnetium sulfur colloid (median dose 300 µCi). A mean of 4.3 hot spots were identified on SPECT/CT compared to 3.0 on PLS (p < 0.001). One hundred fifty-three patients (43.6 %) had identical findings between SPECT/CT and PLS, while 172 (49 %) had additional hot spots identified on SPECT/CT compared to only 24 (6.8 %) additional on PLS. SPECT/CT demonstrated additional nodal basins in 103 patients (29.4 %), compared to only 11 patients (3.1 %) with additional basins on PLS. CONCLUSIONS SPECT/CT is a useful adjunct that can help with sentinel node localization in challenging cases. It identified additional hot spots not seen on PLS in almost 50 % of patients. Because PLS identified hot spots not seen on SPECT/CT in 6.8 % of patients, we recommend using both modalities jointly. Long-term follow-up will be required to validate the clinical significance of the additional hot spots identified by SPECT/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Doepker
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Maki Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | - Nupur U Patel
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Amod A Sarnaik
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - C Wayne Cruse
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Vernon K Sondak
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan S Zager
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
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360
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Herz S, Höfer T, Papapanagiotou M, Leyh JC, Meyenburg S, Schadendorf D, Ugurel S, Roesch A, Livingstone E, Schilling B, Franklin C. Checkpoint inhibitors in chronic kidney failure and an organ transplant recipient. Eur J Cancer 2016; 67:66-72. [PMID: 27614165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma based on several phase III trials. Patients after organ transplantation and patients with impaired renal function were excluded from these studies. Recently, allograft rejections were reported in organ transplant recipients receiving PD-1 blocking antibodies. PATIENTS AND FINDINGS Four patients with metastatic melanoma and impaired kidney function (baseline serum creatinine 1.79-2.59 mg/dl) were treated with immune-checkpoint blockers, of which one was a kidney-transplant recipient receiving immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus and prednisolone. The patient was initially treated with the anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab after detailed explanation of the potential risk of allograft rejection. Upon disease progression, therapy was switched to the anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab. The other three patients were treated with nivolumab or pembrolizumab, two of them after previous therapy with ipilimumab. RESULTS The patients received a median of six doses (range 3-21) of anti-PD-1 antibodies and 3-4 doses of ipilimumab. Kidney function tests remained stable throughout the course of checkpoint blockade. In the kidney transplant recipient, neither ipilimumab nor nivolumab led to an allograft rejection. Responses to anti-PD-1 treatment were divergent with two patients showing disease progression, one achieving a mixed response and one experiencing a complete response. CONCLUSION These cases show that checkpoint inhibitors can be a safe therapeutic option in patients with impaired kidney function. Furthermore, we report the first organ transplant patient with malignant melanoma who received ipilimumab followed by nivolumab without experiencing a kidney allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Herz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matina Papapanagiotou
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Christina Leyh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Meyenburg
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Selma Ugurel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Roesch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Livingstone
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bastian Schilling
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Cindy Franklin
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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361
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Kircher DA, Silvis MR, Cho JH, Holmen SL. Melanoma Brain Metastasis: Mechanisms, Models, and Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1468. [PMID: 27598148 PMCID: PMC5037746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of brain metastases in patients with advanced stage melanoma is common, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for their development are poorly understood. Melanoma brain metastases cause significant morbidity and mortality and confer a poor prognosis; traditional therapies including whole brain radiation, stereotactic radiotherapy, or chemotherapy yield only modest increases in overall survival (OS) for these patients. While recently approved therapies have significantly improved OS in melanoma patients, only a small number of studies have investigated their efficacy in patients with brain metastases. Preliminary data suggest that some responses have been observed in intracranial lesions, which has sparked new clinical trials designed to evaluate the efficacy in melanoma patients with brain metastases. Simultaneously, recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of melanoma cell dissemination to the brain have revealed novel and potentially therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide an overview of newly discovered mechanisms of melanoma spread to the brain, discuss preclinical models that are being used to further our understanding of this deadly disease and provide an update of the current clinical trials for melanoma patients with brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Kircher
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Mark R Silvis
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Joseph H Cho
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Sheri L Holmen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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362
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Wnt Signaling in Cell Motility and Invasion: Drawing Parallels between Development and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8090080. [PMID: 27589803 PMCID: PMC5040982 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8090080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of canonical and non-canonical Wnt signal transduction cascades in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis is well recognized. The aberrant activation of these pathways in the adult leads to abnormal cellular behaviors, and tumor progression is frequently a consequence. Here we discuss recent findings and analogies between Wnt signaling in developmental processes and tumor progression, with a particular focus on cell motility and matrix invasion and highlight the roles of the ARF (ADP-Ribosylation Factor) and Rho-family small GTP-binding proteins. Wnt-regulated signal transduction from cell surface receptors, signaling endosomes and/or extracellular vesicles has the potential to profoundly influence cell movement, matrix degradation and paracrine signaling in both development and disease.
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363
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Das AM, Pescatori M, Vermeulen CE, Rens JAP, Seynhaeve ALB, Koning GA, Eggermont AMM, Ten Hagen TLM. Melanomas prevent endothelial cell death under restrictive culture conditions by signaling through AKT and p38 MAPK/ ERK-1/2 cascades. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1219826. [PMID: 27853641 PMCID: PMC5087299 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1219826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melanoma progression and staging is clinically well characterized, a large variation is observed in pathogenesis, progression, and therapeutic responses. Clearly, intrinsic characteristics of melanoma cells contribute to this variety. An important factor, in both progression of the disease and response to therapy, is the tumor-associated vasculature. We postulate that melanoma cells communicate with endothelial cells (ECs) in order to establish a functional and supportive blood supply. We investigated the angiogenic potential of human melanoma cell lines by monitoring the survival of ECs upon exposure to melanoma conditioned medium (CM), under restrictive conditions. We observed long-term (up to 72 h) EC survival under hypoxic conditions upon treatment with all melanoma CMs. No such survival effect was observed with the CM of melanocytes. The CM of pancreatic and breast tumor cell lines did not show a long-term survival effect, suggesting that the survival factor is specific to melanoma cells. Furthermore, all size fractions (up to < 1 kDa) of the melanoma CM induced long-term survival of ECs. The survival effect observed by the < 1 kDa fraction excludes known pro-angiogenic factors. Heat inactivation and enzymatic digestion of the CM did not inactivate the survival factor. Global gene expression and pathway analysis suggest that this effect is mediated in part via the AKT and p38 MAPK/ ERK-1/2 signaling axis. Taken together, these data indicate the production of (a) survival factor/s (< 1 kDa) by melanoma cell lines, which enables long-term survival of ECs and promotes melanoma-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha M Das
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Pescatori
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cindy E Vermeulen
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost A P Rens
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ann L B Seynhaeve
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerben A Koning
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander M M Eggermont
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand Paris, Villejuif, France
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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364
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Signaling Pathways in Melanogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071144. [PMID: 27428965 PMCID: PMC4964517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocytes are melanin-producing cells found in skin, hair follicles, eyes, inner ear, bones, heart and brain of humans. They arise from pluripotent neural crest cells and differentiate in response to a complex network of interacting regulatory pathways. Melanins are pigment molecules that are endogenously synthesized by melanocytes. The light absorption of melanin in skin and hair leads to photoreceptor shielding, thermoregulation, photoprotection, camouflage and display coloring. Melanins are also powerful cation chelators and may act as free radical sinks. Melanin formation is a product of complex biochemical events that starts from amino acid tyrosine and its metabolite, dopa. The types and amounts of melanin produced by melanocytes are determined genetically and are influenced by a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic factors such as hormonal changes, inflammation, age and exposure to UV light. These stimuli affect the different pathways in melanogenesis. In this review we will discuss the regulatory mechanisms involved in melanogenesis and explain how intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulate melanin production. We will also explain the regulatory roles of different proteins involved in melanogenesis.
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365
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Hooper R, Zaidi MR, Soboloff J. The heterogeneity of store-operated calcium entry in melanoma. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:764-9. [PMID: 27417567 PMCID: PMC4991353 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-5087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Calcium is a key regulator of many physiological processes that are perturbed in cancer, such as migration, proliferation and apoptosis. The proteins STIM and Orai mediate store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), the main pathway for calcium entry in non-excitable cells. Changes in the expression and function of STIM and Orai have been found in a range of cancer types and thus implicated in disease progression. Here we discuss the role of STIM, Orai and the SOCE pathway in the progression of melanoma and explore how the heterogeneous nature of melanoma may explain the lack of consensus in the field regarding the role of SOCE in the progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hooper
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, 19140, USA
| | - M Raza Zaidi
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, 19140, USA.,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, 19140, USA
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, 19140, USA. .,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, 19140, USA.
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366
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Goldenberg NM, Steinberg BE, Rutka JT, Chen R, Cabral V, Rosenblum ND, Kapus A, Lee WL. Research projects in the Surgeon-Scientist and Clinician-Investigator programs at the University of Toronto (1987-2016): a cohort study. CMAJ Open 2016; 4:E444-E447. [PMID: 27730108 PMCID: PMC5047840 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20160062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicians have traditionally been at the forefront of medical research, bringing clinical questions to the laboratory and returning with ideas for treatment. However, we have anecdotally observed a decline in the popularity of basic science research among trainees. We hypothesized that fewer resident physicians have been pursuing basic science research training over time. METHODS We examined records from residents in the Surgeon-Scientist and Clinician-Investigator programs at the University of Toronto (1987-2016). Research by residents was categorized independently by 2 raters as basic science, clinical epidemiology or education-related based on the title of the project, the name of the supervisor and Pubmed searches. The study population was divided into quintiles of time, and the proportion pursuing basic science training in each quintile was calculated. RESULTS Agreement between the raters was 100%; the categorization of the research topic remained unclear in 9 cases. The proportion of trainees pursuing basic science training dropped by 60% from 1987 to 2016 (p = 0.005). INTERPRETATION Significantly fewer residents in the Surgeon-Scientist and Clinician-Investigator Programs at the University of Toronto are pursuing training in the basic sciences as compared with previous years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Goldenberg
- Departments of Anesthesia (Goldenberg, Steinberg); Surgery (Rutka, Cabral, Kapus); Medicine (Chen, Lee); Pediatrics (Rosenblum), University of Toronto; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science (Kapus, Lee), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael's Hospital; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Lee), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Benjamin E Steinberg
- Departments of Anesthesia (Goldenberg, Steinberg); Surgery (Rutka, Cabral, Kapus); Medicine (Chen, Lee); Pediatrics (Rosenblum), University of Toronto; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science (Kapus, Lee), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael's Hospital; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Lee), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - James T Rutka
- Departments of Anesthesia (Goldenberg, Steinberg); Surgery (Rutka, Cabral, Kapus); Medicine (Chen, Lee); Pediatrics (Rosenblum), University of Toronto; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science (Kapus, Lee), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael's Hospital; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Lee), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Robert Chen
- Departments of Anesthesia (Goldenberg, Steinberg); Surgery (Rutka, Cabral, Kapus); Medicine (Chen, Lee); Pediatrics (Rosenblum), University of Toronto; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science (Kapus, Lee), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael's Hospital; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Lee), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Val Cabral
- Departments of Anesthesia (Goldenberg, Steinberg); Surgery (Rutka, Cabral, Kapus); Medicine (Chen, Lee); Pediatrics (Rosenblum), University of Toronto; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science (Kapus, Lee), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael's Hospital; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Lee), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Norman D Rosenblum
- Departments of Anesthesia (Goldenberg, Steinberg); Surgery (Rutka, Cabral, Kapus); Medicine (Chen, Lee); Pediatrics (Rosenblum), University of Toronto; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science (Kapus, Lee), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael's Hospital; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Lee), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Andras Kapus
- Departments of Anesthesia (Goldenberg, Steinberg); Surgery (Rutka, Cabral, Kapus); Medicine (Chen, Lee); Pediatrics (Rosenblum), University of Toronto; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science (Kapus, Lee), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael's Hospital; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Lee), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Warren L Lee
- Departments of Anesthesia (Goldenberg, Steinberg); Surgery (Rutka, Cabral, Kapus); Medicine (Chen, Lee); Pediatrics (Rosenblum), University of Toronto; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science (Kapus, Lee), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael's Hospital; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Lee), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
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367
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Kim SJ, Kim JH, Chang HK, Kim KH. Let’s rethinking about the safety of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor in the patients with erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy. J Exerc Rehabil 2016; 12:143-7. [PMID: 27419107 PMCID: PMC4934956 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1632646.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As the radical prostatectomy (RP) for the patient diagnosed as localized prostate cancer has been increasing, erectile dysfunction (ED) associated with RP is increased and ED after RP is a significant risk factor to reduce the quality of life for the patient after RP. Therefore, the treatment concept called penile rehabilitation was introduced and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5I) is used widely for the prostate cancer patient after RP. Generally PDE5I is considered as safe and effective drug for the prostate cancer patient after RP. Recently, a report against the general opinion that PDE5I use is safe in the patient with prostate cancer was reported and the analysis of 5-yr biochemical recurrence-free survival after RP between the PDE5I users and non-PDE5I users after bilateral nerve sparing RP showed decreased 5-yr biochemical recurrence-free survival in the PDE5I users. In addition, a longitudinal cohort study reported that sildenafil, a kind of PDE5I, use might be associated with the development of melanoma and this result suggested the possibility of adverse effect of PDE5I on some kinds of cancers as well as prostate cancer. Moreover, the studies to evaluate the influence of nitric oxide (NO) and guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway associated with PDE5 showed both cancer reduction and cancer development. Therefore, the role of NO and cGMP signaling pathway in cancer was reviewed based on the previous studies and suggested the necessity of further clinical studies concerning about the safety of PDE5I in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
- Catholic Fertiltiy Care Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Ju Ho Kim
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Chang
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Khae Hawn Kim
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon,
Korea
- Corresponding author: Khae Hawn Kim, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7045-8004, Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea, Tel: +82-32-460-3334, Fax: +82-32-460-8340, E-mail:
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368
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Somasundaram R, Herlyn M. Nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab for the treatment of melanoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2016; 15:1135-41. [PMID: 26402246 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1093418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma patients develop resistance to most therapies, including chemo- and targeted-therapy drugs. Single-agent therapies are ineffective due to the heterogeneous nature of tumors comprising several subpopulations. Treatment of melanoma with immune-based therapies such as anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activation-4 and anti-programmed death-1 antibodies has shown modest but long-lasting responses. Unfortunately, only subsets of melanoma patients respond to antibody-based therapies. Heterogeneity in lymphocyte infiltration and low frequency of anti-melanoma-reactive T-cells in tumor lesions are partly responsible for a lack of response to antibody-based therapies. Both antibodies have same biological function but they bind to different ligands at various phases of T-cell activity. Thus, combination therapy of antibodies has shown superior response rates than single-agent therapy. However, toxicity is a cause of concern in these therapies. Future identification of therapy-response biomarkers, mobilization of tumor-reactive T-cell infiltration using cancer vaccines, or non-specific targeted-therapy drugs will minimize toxicity levels and provide long-term remissions in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- a The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
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369
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Roesch A, Paschen A, Landsberg J, Helfrich I, Becker JC, Schadendorf D. Phenotypic tumour cell plasticity as a resistance mechanism and therapeutic target in melanoma. Eur J Cancer 2016; 59:109-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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370
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Pennisi M, Russo G, Di Salvatore V, Candido S, Libra M, Pappalardo F. Computational modeling in melanoma for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:609-21. [PMID: 27046143 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1174688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a growing body of evidence highlighting the applications of computational modeling in the field of biomedicine. It has recently been applied to the in silico analysis of cancer dynamics. In the era of precision medicine, this analysis may allow the discovery of new molecular targets useful for the design of novel therapies and for overcoming resistance to anticancer drugs. According to its molecular behavior, melanoma represents an interesting tumor model in which computational modeling can be applied. Melanoma is an aggressive tumor of the skin with a poor prognosis for patients with advanced disease as it is resistant to current therapeutic approaches. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the basics of computational modeling in melanoma drug discovery and development. Discussion includes the in silico discovery of novel molecular drug targets, the optimization of immunotherapies and personalized medicine trials. EXPERT OPINION Mathematical and computational models are gradually being used to help understand biomedical data produced by high-throughput analysis. The use of advanced computer models allowing the simulation of complex biological processes provides hypotheses and supports experimental design. The research in fighting aggressive cancers, such as melanoma, is making great strides. Computational models represent the key component to complement these efforts. Due to the combinatorial complexity of new drug discovery, a systematic approach based only on experimentation is not possible. Computational and mathematical models are necessary for bringing cancer drug discovery into the era of omics, big data and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzio Pennisi
- a Department of Mathematics and Computer Science , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Giulia Russo
- b Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Valentina Di Salvatore
- c Researcher at National Research Council , Institute of Neurological Sciences , Catania , Italy
| | - Saverio Candido
- b Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- b Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
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Stanisz H, Vultur A, Herlyn M, Roesch A, Bogeski I. The role of Orai-STIM calcium channels in melanocytes and melanoma. J Physiol 2016; 594:2825-35. [PMID: 26864956 DOI: 10.1113/jp271141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium signalling within normal and cancer cells regulates many important cellular functions such as migration, proliferation, differentiation and cytokine secretion. Store operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) via the Ca(2+) release activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels, which are composed of the plasma membrane based Orai channels and the endoplasmic reticulum stromal interaction molecules (STIMs), is a major Ca(2+) entry route in many cell types. Orai and STIM have been implicated in the growth and metastasis of multiple cancers; however, while their involvement in cancer is presently indisputable, how Orai-STIM-controlled Ca(2+) signals affect malignant transformation, tumour growth and invasion is not fully understood. Here, we review recent studies linking Orai-STIM Ca(2+) channels with cancer, with a particular focus on melanoma. We highlight and examine key molecular players and the signalling pathways regulated by Orai and STIM in normal and malignant cells, we expose discrepancies, and we reflect on the potential of Orai-STIMs as anticancer drug targets. Finally, we discuss the functional implications of future discoveries in the field of Ca(2+) signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedwig Stanisz
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Adina Vultur
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Roesch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Department of Biophysics, CIPMM, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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Zhu G, Yi X, Haferkamp S, Hesbacher S, Li C, Goebeler M, Gao T, Houben R, Schrama D. Combination with γ-secretase inhibitor prolongs treatment efficacy of BRAF inhibitor in BRAF-mutated melanoma cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 376:43-52. [PMID: 27000992 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic triggering of the MAPK pathway in melanocytes results in senescence, and senescence escape is considered as one critical step for melanocytic transformation. In melanoma, induction of a senescent-like state by BRAF-inhibitors (BRAFi) in a fraction of treated cells - instead of killing - contributes to the repression of tumor growth, but may also provide a source for relapse. Here, we demonstrate that NOTCH activation in melanocytes is not only growth-promoting but it also protects these cells against oncogene-induced senescence. In turn, treatment of melanoma cells with an inhibitor of the NOTCH-activating enzyme γ-secretase led to induction of a senescent-like status in a fraction of the cells but overall achieved only a moderate inhibition of melanoma cell growth. However, combination of γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) with BRAFi markedly increased the treatment efficacy particularly in long-term culture. Moreover, even melanoma cells starting to regrow after continuous BRAFi treatment - the major problem of BRAFi therapy in patients - can still be affected by the combination treatment. Thus, combining GSI with BRAFi increases the therapeutic efficacy by, at least partially, prolonging the senescent-like state of treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Sonja Hesbacher
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Matthias Goebeler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Roland Houben
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Schrama
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Zhu Y, Ye T, Yu X, Lei Q, Yang F, Xia Y, Song X, Liu L, Deng H, Gao T, Peng C, Zuo W, Xiong Y, Zhang L, Wang N, Zhao L, Xie Y, Yu L, Wei Y. Nifuroxazide exerts potent anti-tumor and anti-metastasis activity in melanoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20253. [PMID: 26830149 PMCID: PMC4735744 DOI: 10.1038/srep20253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly malignant neoplasm of melanocytes with considerable metastatic potential and drug resistance, explaining the need for new candidates that inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. The signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (Stat3) signaling pathway plays an important role in melanoma and has been validated as promising anticancer target for melanoma therapy. In this study, nifuroxazide, an antidiarrheal agent identified as an inhibitor of Stat3, was evaluated for its anti-melanoma activity in vitro and in vivo. It had potent anti-proliferative activity against various melanoma cell lines and could induce G2/M phase arrest and cell apoptosis. Moreover, nifuroxazide markedly impaired melanoma cell migration and invasion by down-regulating phosphorylated-Src, phosphorylated-FAK, and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2, MMP-9 and vimentin. It also significantly inhibited tumor growth without obvious side effects in the A375-bearing mice model by inducing apoptosis and reducing cell proliferation and metastasis. Notably, nifuroxazide significantly inhibited pulmonary metastases, which might be associated with the decrease of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These findings suggested that nifuroxazide might be a potential agent for inhibiting the growth and metastasis of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Yu
- College of agricultural and life sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706, USA
| | - Qian Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuejiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxia Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tiantao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Cuiting Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiqiong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ningyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lifeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Luoting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
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Fisetin and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 928:213-244. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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375
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Yong Z, Song Z, Zhou Y, Liu T, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Jin C, Chen X, Lu J, Han R, Li P, Sun X, Wang G, Shi G, Zhu S. Boron neutron capture therapy for malignant melanoma: first clinical case report in China. Chin J Cancer Res 2016; 28:634-640. [PMID: 28174492 PMCID: PMC5242447 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2016.06.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A phase I/II clinical trial for treating malignant melanoma by boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) was designed to evaluate whether the world’s first in-hospital neutron irradiator (IHNI) was qualified for BNCT. In this clinical trial planning to enroll 30 patients, the first case was treated on August 19, 2014. We present the protocol of this clinical trial, the treating procedure, and the clinical outcome of this first case. Only grade 2 acute radiation injury was observed during the first four weeks after BNCT and the injury healed after treatment. No late radiation injury was found during the 24-month follow-up. Based on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) scan, pathological analysis and gross examination, the patient showed a complete response to BNCT, indicating that BNCT is a potent therapy against malignant melanoma and IHNI has the potential to enable the delivery of BNCT in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Yong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zewen Song
- Department of Oncology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yongmao Zhou
- China Zhongyuan Engineering Corporation, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China Nuclear Industry Beijing 401 Hospital, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Zizhu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China Nuclear Industry Beijing 401 Hospital, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Yanzhong Zhao
- Medical Experimental Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China Nuclear Industry Beijing 401 Hospital, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Congjun Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China Nuclear Industry Beijing 401 Hospital, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Pengzhou Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xulong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Guohui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Guangqing Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shaihong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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376
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Abstract
Melanoma is among the most aggressive and therapy-resistant human cancers. While great strides in therapy have generated enthusiasm, many challenges remain. Heterogeneity is the most pressing issue for all types of therapy. This chapter summarizes the clinical classification of melanoma, of which the research community now adds additional layers of classifications for better diagnosis and prediction of therapy response. As the search for new biomarkers increases, we expect that biomarker analyses will be essential for all clinical trials to better select patient populations for optimal therapy. While individualized therapy that is based on extensive biomarker analyses is an option, we expect in the future genetic and biologic biomarkers will allow grouping of melanomas in such a way that we can predict therapy outcome. At this time, tumor heterogeneity continues to be the major challenge leading inevitably to relapse. To address heterogeneity therapeutically, we need to develop complex therapies that eliminate the bulk of the tumor and, at the same time, the critical subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Shannan
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michela Perego
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rajasekharan Somasundaram
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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377
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Van Allen EM, Miao D, Schilling B, Shukla SA, Blank C, Zimmer L, Sucker A, Hillen U, Foppen MHG, Goldinger SM, Utikal J, Hassel JC, Weide B, Kaehler KC, Loquai C, Mohr P, Gutzmer R, Dummer R, Gabriel S, Wu CJ, Schadendorf D, Garraway LA. Genomic correlates of response to CTLA-4 blockade in metastatic melanoma. Science 2015; 350:207-211. [PMID: 26359337 PMCID: PMC5054517 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2005] [Impact Index Per Article: 222.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies directed against cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), such as ipilimumab, yield considerable clinical benefit for patients with metastatic melanoma by inhibiting immune checkpoint activity, but clinical predictors of response to these therapies remain incompletely characterized. To investigate the roles of tumor-specific neoantigens and alterations in the tumor microenvironment in the response to ipilimumab, we analyzed whole exomes from pretreatment melanoma tumor biopsies and matching germline tissue samples from 110 patients. For 40 of these patients, we also obtained and analyzed transcriptome data from the pretreatment tumor samples. Overall mutational load, neoantigen load, and expression of cytolytic markers in the immune microenvironment were significantly associated with clinical benefit. However, no recurrent neoantigen peptide sequences predicted responder patient populations. Thus, detailed integrated molecular characterization of large patient cohorts may be needed to identify robust determinants of response and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliezer M. Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Diana Miao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bastian Schilling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sachet A. Shukla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Christian Blank
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Sucker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Hillen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marnix H. Geukes Foppen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Simone M. Goldinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Utikal
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center(DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, University Medical Center, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jessica C. Hassel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Carmen Loquai
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Mohr
- Department of Dermatology, Elbe-Kliniken, 21614 Buxtehude, Germany
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Hannover, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stacey Gabriel
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Levi A. Garraway
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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378
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Van Allen EM, Miao D, Schilling B, Shukla SA, Blank C, Zimmer L, Sucker A, Hillen U, Foppen MHG, Goldinger SM, Utikal J, Hassel JC, Weide B, Kaehler KC, Loquai C, Mohr P, Gutzmer R, Dummer R, Gabriel S, Wu CJ, Schadendorf D, Garraway LA. Genomic correlates of response to CTLA-4 blockade in metastatic melanoma. Science 2015; 350:207-211. [PMID: 26359337 PMCID: PMC5054517 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad0095 10.1126/science.aaf8264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies directed against cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), such as ipilimumab, yield considerable clinical benefit for patients with metastatic melanoma by inhibiting immune checkpoint activity, but clinical predictors of response to these therapies remain incompletely characterized. To investigate the roles of tumor-specific neoantigens and alterations in the tumor microenvironment in the response to ipilimumab, we analyzed whole exomes from pretreatment melanoma tumor biopsies and matching germline tissue samples from 110 patients. For 40 of these patients, we also obtained and analyzed transcriptome data from the pretreatment tumor samples. Overall mutational load, neoantigen load, and expression of cytolytic markers in the immune microenvironment were significantly associated with clinical benefit. However, no recurrent neoantigen peptide sequences predicted responder patient populations. Thus, detailed integrated molecular characterization of large patient cohorts may be needed to identify robust determinants of response and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliezer M. Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Diana Miao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bastian Schilling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sachet A. Shukla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Christian Blank
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Sucker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Hillen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marnix H. Geukes Foppen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Simone M. Goldinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Utikal
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center(DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, University Medical Center, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jessica C. Hassel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Carmen Loquai
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Mohr
- Department of Dermatology, Elbe-Kliniken, 21614 Buxtehude, Germany
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Hannover, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stacey Gabriel
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Levi A. Garraway
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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379
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Rogiers A, van den Oord JJ, Garmyn M, Stas M, Kenis C, Wildiers H, Marine JC, Wolter P. Novel Therapies for Metastatic Melanoma: An Update on Their Use in Older Patients. Drugs Aging 2015; 32:821-34. [PMID: 26442859 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-015-0304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. With age as a risk factor, melanoma is projected to become a substantial healthcare burden. The clinical course of melanoma in older patients is different from that in middle-aged and younger patients: melanomas are thicker, have higher mitotic rates and are more likely to be ulcerated. Older patients also have a higher mortality rate, yet, paradoxically, have a lower rate of lymph node metastases. After decades of no significant progress in the treatment of this devastating disease, novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of metastatic melanoma have led to new and remarkably efficient therapeutic opportunities. The discovery that about half of all melanomas carry BRAF mutations led to the introduction of targeted therapy with significant improvements in clinical outcomes. Although these drugs appear to be equally effective in older patients, specific considerations regarding adverse events are required. Besides targeted therapy, immunotherapy has emerged as an alternative therapeutic option. Antibodies that block cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) can induce responses with high durability. Despite an aging immune system, older patients seem to benefit to the same degree from these treatments, apparently without increased toxicity. In this review, we focus on the epidemiology, clinicopathological features, and recent developments of systemic treatment in cutaneous melanoma with regard to older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljosja Rogiers
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marjan Garmyn
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marguerite Stas
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cindy Kenis
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pascal Wolter
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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