1
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Elsherbiny NM, Altemani R, Althagfi W, Albalawi M, Mohammedsaleh ZM, El-Sherbiny M, Abo El-Magd NF. Nifuroxazide repurposing for protection from diabetes-induced retinal injury in rats: Implication of oxidative stress and JAK/STAT3 axis. Biofactors 2024; 50:360-370. [PMID: 37737462 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is alarmingly increasing worldwide. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevailing DM microvascular complication, representing the major cause of blindness in working-age population. Inflammation is a crucial player in DR pathogenesis. JAK/STAT3 axis is a pleotropic cascade that modulates diverse inflammatory events. Nifuroxazide (Nifu) is a commonly used oral antibiotic with reported JAK/STAT3 inhibition activity. The present study investigated the potential protective effect of Nifu against diabetes-induced retinal injury. Effect of Nifu on oxidative stress, JAK/STAT3 axis and downstream inflammatory mediators has been also studied. Diabetes was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). Animals were assigned into four groups: normal, Nifu control, DM, and DM + Nifu. Nifu was orally administrated at 25 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. The effects of Nifu on oxidative stress, JAK/STAT3 axis proteins, inflammatory factors, tight junction proteins, histological, and ultrastructural alterations were evaluated using spectrophotometry, gene and protein analyses, and histological studies. Nifu administration to diabetic rats attenuated histopathological and signs of retinal injury. Additionally, Nifu attenuated retinal oxidative stress, inhibited JAK and STAT3 phosphorylation, augmented the expression of STAT3 signaling inhibitor SOCS3, dampened the expression of transcription factor of inflammation NF-κB, and inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Collectively, the current study indicated that Nifu alleviated DR progression in diabetic rats, suggesting beneficial retino-protective effect. This can be attributed to blocking JAK/STAT3 axis in retinal tissues with subsequent amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal M Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Reem Altemani
- PharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad Althagfi
- PharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Albalawi
- PharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhair M Mohammedsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada F Abo El-Magd
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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2
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Eke IE, Williams JT, Haiderer ER, Albrecht VJ, Murdoch HM, Abdalla BJ, Abramovitch RB. Discovery and characterization of antimycobacterial nitro-containing compounds with distinct mechanisms of action and in vivo efficacy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0047423. [PMID: 37610224 PMCID: PMC10508139 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00474-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitro-containing compounds have emerged as important agents in the control of tuberculosis (TB). From a whole-cell high-throughput screen for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth inhibitors, 10 nitro-containing compounds were prioritized for characterization and mechanism of action studies. HC2209, HC2210, and HC2211 are nitrofuran-based prodrugs that need the cofactor F420 machinery for activation. Unlike pretomanid which depends only on deazaflavin-dependent nitroreductase (Ddn), these nitrofurans depend on Ddn and possibly another F420-dependent reductase for activation. These nitrofurans also differ from pretomanid in their potent activity against Mycobacterium abscessus. Four dinitrobenzamides (HC2217, HC2226, HC2238, and HC2239) and a nitrofuran (HC2250) are proposed to be inhibitors of decaprenyl-phosphoryl-ribose 2'-epimerase 1 (DprE1), based on isolation of resistant mutations in dprE1. Unlike other DprE1 inhibitors, HC2250 was found to be potent against non-replicating persistent bacteria, suggesting additional targets. Two of the compounds, HC2233 and HC2234, were found to have potent, sterilizing activity against replicating and non-replicating Mtb in vitro, but a proposed mechanism of action could not be defined. In a pilot in vivo efficacy study, HC2210 was orally bioavailable and efficacious in reducing bacterial load by ~1 log in a chronic murine TB infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeanyichukwu E. Eke
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - John T. Williams
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Haiderer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Veronica J. Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Heather M. Murdoch
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Bassel J. Abdalla
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert B. Abramovitch
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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3
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Rogacheva E, Kraeva L, Lukin A, Vinogradova L, Komarova K, Chudinov M, Gureev M, Chupakhin E. 5-Nitrofuran-Tagged Oxazolyl Pyrazolopiperidines: Synthesis and Activity against ESKAPE Pathogens. Molecules 2023; 28:6491. [PMID: 37764267 PMCID: PMC10537382 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of eight 5-nitrofuran-tagged oxazolyl tetrahydropyrazolopyridines (THPPs) has been prepared in six stages with excellent regioselectivity. The testing of these compounds against pathogens of the ESKAPE panel showed a good activity of lead compound 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-(5-nitro-2-furoyl)-3-(1,3-oxazol-5-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c] pyridine (13g), which is superior to nitrofurantoin. These results confirmed the benefit of combining a THPP scaffold with a nitrofuran warhead. Certain structure-activity relationships were established in the course of this study which were rationalized by the induced-fit docking experiments in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Rogacheva
- Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia; (E.R.)
| | - Lyudmila Kraeva
- Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia; (E.R.)
| | - Alexey Lukin
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Moscow 119454, Russia
| | - Lyubov Vinogradova
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Moscow 119454, Russia
| | - Kristina Komarova
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Moscow 119454, Russia
| | - Mikhail Chudinov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Moscow 119454, Russia
| | - Maxim Gureev
- Laboratory of Bio- and Chemoinformatics, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, HSE University, Saint-Petersburg 190121, Russia
| | - Evgeny Chupakhin
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236041, Russia
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4
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Roquini V, Mengarda AC, Cajas RA, Martins-da-Silva MF, Godoy-Silva J, Santos GA, Espírito-Santo MCC, Pavani TFA, Melo VA, Salvadori MC, Teixeira FS, Rando DGG, de Moraes J. The Existing Drug Nifuroxazide as an Antischistosomal Agent: In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Studies of Macromolecular Targets. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0139323. [PMID: 37409934 PMCID: PMC10434008 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01393-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that afflicts approximately 250 million people worldwide. There is an urgent demand for new antiparasitic agents because praziquantel, the only drug available for the treatment of schistosomiasis, is not universally effective and may derail current progress toward the WHO goal of eliminating this disease as a public health problem by 2030. Nifuroxazide (NFZ), an oral nitrofuran antibiotic, has recently been explored to be repurposed for parasitic diseases. Here, in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies were conducted to evaluate the activity of NFZ on Schistosoma mansoni. The in vitro study showed significant antiparasitic activity, with 50% effective concentration (EC50) and 90% effective concentration (EC90) values of 8.2 to 10.8 and 13.7 to 19.3 μM, respectively. NFZ also affected worm pairing and egg production and induced severe damage to the tegument of schistosomes. In vivo, a single oral dose of NFZ (400 mg/kg of body weight) to mice harboring either prepatent or patent S. mansoni infection significantly reduced the total worm burden (~40%). In patent infection, NFZ achieved a high reduction in the number of eggs (~80%), but the drug caused a low reduction in the egg burden of animals with prepatent infection. Finally, results from in silico target fishing methods predicted that serine/threonine kinases could be one of the potential targets for NFZ in S. mansoni. Overall, the present study revealed that NFZ possesses antischistosomal properties, mainly in terms of egg burden reduction in animals with patent S. mansoni infection. IMPORTANCE The increasing recognition of the burden imposed by helminthiasis, associated with the limited therapeutic arsenal, has led to initiatives and strategies to research and develop new drugs for the treatment of schistosomiasis. One of these strategies is drug repurposing, which considers low-risk compounds with potentially reduced costs and shorter time for development. In this study, nifuroxazide (NFZ) was evaluated for its anti-Schistosoma mansoni potential through in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies. In vitro, NFZ affected worm pairing and egg production and induced severe damage to the tegument of schistosomes. In vivo, a single oral dose of NFZ (400 mg/kg) to mice harboring either prepatent or patent S. mansoni infection significantly reduced the total worm burden and egg production. In silico investigations have identified serine/threonine kinases as a molecular target for NFZ. Collectively, these results implied that NFZ might be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Roquini
- Research Center on Neglected Diseases, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Mengarda
- Research Center on Neglected Diseases, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rayssa A. Cajas
- Research Center on Neglected Diseases, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Godoy-Silva
- Research Center on Neglected Diseases, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A. Santos
- Research Center on Neglected Diseases, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina C. Espírito-Santo
- Laboratory of Immunopathology of Schistosomiasis (LIM-06), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Helminthology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais F. A. Pavani
- Biological Chemistry Post-Graduate Course, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanusa A. Melo
- Biological Chemistry Post-Graduate Course, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C. Salvadori
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela G. G. Rando
- Chemico-Pharmaceutical Research Group, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Research Center on Neglected Diseases, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Pacholak A, Żur-Pińska J, Piński A, Nguyen QA, Ligaj M, Luczak M, Nghiem LD, Kaczorek E. Potential negative effect of long-term exposure to nitrofurans on bacteria isolated from wastewater. Sci Total Environ 2023; 872:162199. [PMID: 36791847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrofurans are broad-spectrum bactericidal agents used in a large quantity for veterinary and human therapy. This study reports the long-term impact of two nitrofuran representatives, nitrofurantoin (NFT) and furaltadone (FTD) on the bacterial strains Sphingobacterium siyangense FTD2, Achromobacter pulmonis NFZ2, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia FZD2, isolated from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. Bacterial whole genome sequencing was used for preliminary strains characterization. The metabolomic, electrochemical, and culture methods were applied to understand changes in the bacterial strains after 12-month exposure to nitrofurans. The most significantly altered metabolic pathways were observed in amino acid and sugar metabolism, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Disrupted protein biosynthesis was measured in all strains treated with antibiotics. Prolonged exposure to NFT and FTD also triggered mutagenic effects, affected metabolic activity, and facilitated oxidative stress within the cells. Nitrofuran-induced oxidative stress was evidenced from an elevated activity of catalase and glutathione S-transferases. NFT and FTD elicited similar but not identical responses in all analyzed strains. The results obtained in this study provide new insights into the potential risks of the prolonged presence of antimicrobial compounds in the environment and contribute to a better understanding of the possible impacts of nitrofuran antibiotics on the bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Pacholak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Poland.
| | - Joanna Żur-Pińska
- Biotechnology Centre, The Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Artur Piński
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Quynh Anh Nguyen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marta Ligaj
- Department of Non-Food Products Quality and Packaging Development, Institute of Quality Science, Poznan University of Economics and Business, Poland
| | - Magdalena Luczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ewa Kaczorek
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Poland
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6
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Lukin A, Komarova K, Vinogradova L, Dogonadze M, Vinogradova T, Yablonsky P, Kazantsev A, Krasavin M. Periphery Exploration around 2,6-Diazaspiro[3.4]Octane Core Identifies a Potent Nitrofuran Antitubercular Lead. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062529. [PMID: 36985501 PMCID: PMC10056547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A small set of twelve compounds of a nitrofuran carboxamide chemotype was elaborated from a readily available 2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane building block, exploring diverse variants of the molecular periphery, including various azole substituents. The in vitro inhibitory activities of the synthesized compounds were assessed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. As a result, a remarkably potent antitubercular lead displaying a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.016 μg/mL was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Lukin
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kristina Komarova
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyubov Vinogradova
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marine Dogonadze
- Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 2-4 Ligovsky Prospekt, 191036 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Vinogradova
- Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 2-4 Ligovsky Prospekt, 191036 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Piotr Yablonsky
- Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 2-4 Ligovsky Prospekt, 191036 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Kazantsev
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, 198504 Peterhof, Russia
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, 198504 Peterhof, Russia
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Correspondence:
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7
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Li C, Zhang J, Wu Q, Kumar A, Pan G, Kelvin DJ. Nifuroxazide Activates the Parthanatos to Overcome TMPRSS2:ERG Fusion-Positive Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:306-316. [PMID: 36622760 PMCID: PMC9978883 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fusion of the E-26 transformation-specific (ETS)-related gene (ERG) with transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) is a crucial step in the occurrence and progression of approximately 50% of prostate cancers. Despite significant progress in drug discovery, ERG inhibitors have yet to be approved for the clinical treatment of prostate cancer. In this study, we used computer-aided drug design (CADD)-based virtual screening to screen for potential inhibitors of ERG. In vivo and in vitro methods revealed that nifuroxazide (NFZ) inhibited the proliferation of a TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-positive prostate cancer cell line (VCaP) with an IC50 lower than that of ERG-negative prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, DU145, and WPMY cells). Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, the critical mediator of parthanatos, is known to bind ERG and is required for ERG-mediated transcription. NFZ blocked this interaction and overly activated PARP1, leading to cell death that was reduced by olaparib, a PARP1 inhibitor. These results show that NFZ inhibits ERG, leading to parthanatic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxun Li
- Laboratory of Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiming Wu
- Laboratory of Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Laboratory of Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Guihong Pan
- Laboratory of Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - David J. Kelvin
- Laboratory of Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
- Corresponding Author: David J. Kelvin, Laboratory of Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China. E-mail:
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8
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Saber S, Nasr M, Kaddah MMY, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Cavalu S, Mourad AAE, Gaafar AGA, Zaghlool SS, Saleh S, Hafez MM, Girgis S, Elgharabawy RM, Nader K, Alsharidah M, Batiha GES, El-Ahwany E, Amin NA, Elagamy HI, Shata A, Nader R, Khodir AE. Nifuroxazide-loaded cubosomes exhibit an advancement in pulmonary delivery and attenuate bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis by regulating the STAT3 and NF-κB signaling: A new challenge for unmet therapeutic needs. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 148:112731. [PMID: 35220029 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic progressive disease that portends a very poor prognosis. It has been suggested that STAT3 is a potential target in PF. This study highlights the importance of cubosomes as a drug delivery system in enhancing the bioavailability of nifuroxazide (NXZD), a poorly soluble STAT3 inhibitor. NXZD-loaded cubosomes (NXZD-LC) were in vitro and in vivo evaluated. In vitro, cubosomes presented a poly-angular nanosized particles with a mean size and zeta potential of 223.73 ± 4.73 nm and - 20.93 ± 2.38 mV, respectively. The entrapment efficiency of nifuroxazide was 90.56 ± 4.25%. The in vivo pharmacokinetic study and the lung tissue accumulation of NXZD were performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after oral administration to rats. The nanoparticles exhibited a two-fold increase and 1.33 times of bioavailability and lung tissue concentration of NXZD compared to NXZD dispersion, respectively. In view of this, NXZD-LC effectively attenuated PF by targeting STAT3 and NF-κB signals. As a result, NXZD-LC showed a potential anti-inflammatory effect as revealed by the significant decrease in MCP-1, ICAM-1, IL-6, and TNF-α and suppressed fibrogenic mediators as indicated by the significant reduction in TGF-β, TIMP-1, and PDGF-BB in lung tissues. Besides, NXZD-LC improved antioxidant defense mechanisms and decreased LDH and BALF total protein. These effects contributed to decreased collagen deposition. To conclude, cubosomes represent an advantageous pharmaceutical delivery system for enhancing pulmonary delivery of poorly soluble drugs. Additionally, repurposing NXZD as an antifibrotic agent is a promising challenge and new therapeutic approach for unmet therapeutic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11790, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Y Kaddah
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department & Health Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Ahmed A E Mourad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42511, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Gaafar Ahmed Gaafar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42511, Egypt.
| | - Sameh S Zaghlool
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Mokattam, Cairo 11571, Egypt.
| | - Safaa Saleh
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Hafez
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Samuel Girgis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alsalam University, Egypt.
| | | | - Karim Nader
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt.
| | - Mansour Alsharidah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
| | - Eman El-Ahwany
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt.
| | - Noha A Amin
- Department of Haematology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt.
| | - Heba I Elagamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Shata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt.
| | - Reem Nader
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Khodir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt.
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9
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Nazmy EA, Helal MG, Said E. Nifuroxazide mitigates cholestatic liver injury by synergistic inhibition of Il-6/Β-catenin signaling and enhancement of BSEP and MDRP 2 expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107931. [PMID: 34247051 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholestasis is a complex hepatic disorder underlined with retention of the highly toxic bile components within the hepatocytes. Nifuroxazide (NIF); a nitrofuran derivative, is widely used drug for treatment of acute and chronic diarrhea. The current study was performed to investigate the curative effect of NIF (25 and 50 mg/kg) on lithocholic acid (LCA)-induced cholestasis and compare the observed impact to that of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Intriguingly, NIF significantly attenuated LCA-induced cholestatic injury. NIF successfully reversed cholestatic injury to a similar extent compared to the mainstay drug, UDCA. NIF administration remarkably attenuated liver/body index and restored liver functions. Moreover, it restored the disrupted balance in oxidative homeostasis. On the other hand, NIF induced a marked improvement in histopathological and immuno-histochemical analysis of liver specimens. Ultimately, NIF mitigated inflammatory response and proliferative ability of hepatocytes with significant reduction in hepatic expression of proliferatingcellnuclearantigen(PCNA), cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), interlukin-6 (Il-6) and β-catenin. Interestingly, NIF successfully increased bile transformation with increased the hepatic expression of bile salt export pump (BSEP) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MDRP2). Nevertheless, molecular docking of NIF with β-catenin and BSEP showed a better alignment inside the pocket with strong interaction for both protein binding sites. In conclusion, NIF attenuated experimentally-induced cholestatic dysfunction with an underlined synergistic inhibition of Il-6/Β-catenin pathways and direct enhancement of bile acids transporters gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entsar A Nazmy
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Critical Care and Emergency Department, Kafr ElSheikh Directorate of Health, Ministry of Health and Population, Egypt
| | - Manar G Helal
- Critical Care and Emergency Department, Kafr ElSheikh Directorate of Health, Ministry of Health and Population, Egypt
| | - Eman Said
- Critical Care and Emergency Department, Kafr ElSheikh Directorate of Health, Ministry of Health and Population, Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuong Van Hung Le
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail: (VVHL); (JR)
| | - Jasna Rakonjac
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail: (VVHL); (JR)
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11
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Munsimbwe L, Seetsi A, Namangala B, N’Da DD, Inoue N, Suganuma K. In Vitro and In Vivo Trypanocidal Efficacy of Synthesized Nitrofurantoin Analogs. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113372. [PMID: 34199682 PMCID: PMC8199755 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
African trypanosomes cause diseases in humans and livestock. Human African trypanosomiasis is caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and T. b. gambiense. Animal trypanosomoses have major effects on livestock production and the economy in developing countries, with disease management depending mainly on chemotherapy. Moreover, only few drugs are available and these have adverse effects on patients, are costly, show poor accessibility, and parasites develop drug resistance to them. Therefore, novel trypanocidal drugs are urgently needed. Here, the effects of synthesized nitrofurantoin analogs were evaluated against six species/strains of animal and human trypanosomes, and the treatment efficacy of the selected compounds was assessed in vivo. Analogs 11 and 12, containing 11- and 12-carbon aliphatic chains, respectively, showed the highest trypanocidal activity (IC50 < 0.34 µM) and the lowest cytotoxicity (IC50 > 246.02 µM) in vitro. Structure-activity relationship analysis suggested that the trypanocidal activity and cytotoxicity were related to the number of carbons in the aliphatic chain and electronegativity. In vivo experiments, involving oral treatment with nitrofurantoin, showed partial efficacy, whereas the selected analogs showed no treatment efficacy. These results indicate that nitrofurantoin analogs with high hydrophilicity are required for in vivo assessment to determine if they are promising leads for developing trypanocidal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linous Munsimbwe
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Department of Veterinary Services, Mulungushi House, P.O. Box 50600, Ridgeway, Lusaka 15100, Zambia;
| | - Anna Seetsi
- Unit for Environmental Science and Management, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa;
| | - Boniface Namangala
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
| | - David D. N’Da
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (PHARMACEN), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa;
| | - Noboru Inoue
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Surra, National Research Centre for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan;
| | - Keisuke Suganuma
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-155-49-5697
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12
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Pontrelli P, Conserva F, Menghini R, Rossini M, Stasi A, Divella C, Casagrande V, Cinefra C, Barozzino M, Simone S, Pesce F, Castellano G, Stallone G, Gallone A, Giorgino F, Federici M, Gesualdo L. Inhibition of Lysine 63 Ubiquitination Prevents the Progression of Renal Fibrosis in Diabetic DBA/2J Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105194. [PMID: 34068941 PMCID: PMC8157080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most frequent cause of end-stage renal disease. Tubulointerstitial accumulation of lysine 63 (K63)-ubiquitinated (Ub) proteins is involved in the progression of DN fibrosis and correlates with urinary miR-27b-3p downregulation. We explored the renoprotective effect of an inhibitor of K63-Ub (NSC697923), alone or in combination with the ACE-inhibitor ramipril, in vitro and in vivo. Proximal tubular epithelial cells and diabetic DBA/2J mice were treated with NSC697923 and/or ramipril. K63-Ub protein accumulation along with α-SMA, collagen I and III, FSP-1, vimentin, p16INK4A expression, SA-α Gal staining, Sirius Red, and PAS staining were measured. Finally, we measured the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (uACR), and urinary miR-27b-3p expression in mice. NSC697923, both alone and in association with ramipril, in vitro and in vivo inhibited hyperglycemia-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition by significantly reducing K63-Ub proteins, α-SMA, collagen I, vimentin, FSP-1 expression, and collagen III along with tubulointerstitial and glomerular fibrosis. Treated mice also showed recovery of urinary miR-27b-3p and restored expression of p16INK4A. Moreover, NSC697923 in combination with ramipril demonstrated a trend in the reduction of uACR. In conclusion, we suggest that selective inhibition of K63-Ub, when combined with the conventional treatment with ACE inhibitors, might represent a novel treatment strategy to prevent the progression of fibrosis and proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy and we propose miR-27b-3p as a biomarker of treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pontrelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Conserva
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Rossella Menghini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (V.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Michele Rossini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Chiara Divella
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Viviana Casagrande
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (V.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Claudia Cinefra
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Mariagrazia Barozzino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Simona Simone
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Francesco Pesce
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Anna Gallone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (V.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (L.G.)
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Ali FEM, M Elfiky M, Fadda WA, Ali HS, Mahmoud AR, Mohammedsaleh ZM, Abd-Elhamid TH. Regulation of IL-6/STAT-3/Wnt axis by nifuroxazide dampens colon ulcer in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis model: Novel mechanistic insight. Life Sci 2021; 276:119433. [PMID: 33794250 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common intestinal problem characterized by the diffusion of colon inflammation and immunity dysregulation. Nifuroxazide, a potent STAT-3 inhibitor, exhibits diverse pharmacological properties. The present study aimed to elucidate a novel anti-colitis mechanism of nifuroxazide against the acetic acid-induced UC model. METHODS Rats were grouped into control (received vehicle), UC (2 ml of 5% acetic acid by intrarectal infusion), UC plus sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg/day, P.O.), UC plus nifuroxazide (25 mg/kg/day, P.O.), and UC plus nifuroxazide (50 mg/kg/day, P.O.) and lasted for 6 days. RESULTS The present study revealed that nifuroxazide significantly reduced UC measures, hematological changes, and histological alteration. In addition, treatment with nifuroxazide significantly down-regulated serum CRP as well as the colonic expressions of MPO, IL-6, TNF-α, TLR-4, NF-κB-p65, JAK1, STAT-3, DKK1 in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, our results showed that the colonic Wnt expression was up-regulated with nifuroxazide treatment. In a dose-dependent manner, nifuroxazide markedly alleviated acetic acid-induced cellular infiltration and improved ulcer healing by increasing intestinal epithelial cell regeneration. SIGNIFICANCE Our results collectively indicate that nifuroxazide is an effective anti-colitis agent through regulation of colon inflammation and proliferation via modulation IL-6/STAT-3/Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Elfiky
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKoum-Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Fadda
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKoum-Menoufia, Egypt; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Howaida S Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany Refaat Mahmoud
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhair M Mohammedsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Hamdy Abd-Elhamid
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
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14
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Saqib M, Arthur-Baidoo E, Ončák M, Denifl S. Electron Attachment Studies with the Potential Radiosensitizer 2-Nitrofuran. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238906. [PMID: 33255344 PMCID: PMC7727711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrofurans belong to the class of drugs typically used as antibiotics or antimicrobials. The defining structural component is a furan ring with a nitro group attached. In the present investigation, electron attachment to 2-nitrofuran (C4H3NO3), which is considered as a potential radiosensitizer candidate for application in radiotherapy, has been studied in a crossed electron-molecular beams experiment. The present results indicate that low-energy electrons with kinetic energies of about 0-12 eV effectively decompose the molecule. In total, twelve fragment anions were detected within the detection limit of the apparatus, as well as the parent anion of 2-nitrofuran. One major resonance region of ≈0-5 eV is observed in which the most abundant anions NO2-, C4H3O-, and C4H3NO3- are detected. The experimental results are supported by ab initio calculations of electronic states in the resulting anion, thermochemical thresholds, connectivity between electronic states of the anion, and reactivity analysis in the hot ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.S.); (E.A.-B.)
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eugene Arthur-Baidoo
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.S.); (E.A.-B.)
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.S.); (E.A.-B.)
- Correspondence: (M.O.); (S.D.)
| | - Stephan Denifl
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.S.); (E.A.-B.)
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: (M.O.); (S.D.)
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15
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El-Far YM, Elsherbiny NM, El-Shafey M, Said E. The interplay of the inhibitory effect of nifuroxazide on NF-κB/STAT3 signaling attenuates acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 79:103433. [PMID: 32526270 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disease of increased worldwide prevalence. UC progression is associated with serious complications that leave the patient with considerable health burdens. Nifuroxazide is an oral nitrofuran antibiotic used as antidiarrheal medication. The current study places an emphasis on investigating the potential therapeutic effectiveness of nifuroxazide (10 mg/kg) and (20 mg/kg) against acetic acid (AA)-induced UC. Intra-rectal AA induced a significant colonic injury and impairment of colonic biochemical and functional incidences. Nifuroxazide in a dose-dependent manner significantly corrected UC associated injury. Macroscopic scoring of UC, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, C-reactive protein (CRP) titer, colon malondialdehyde (MDA) and total nitric oxide (NOx) contents significantly declined. Meanwhile, serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and colon catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione transferase (GST) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration significantly increased in a dose-dependent way. Ultimately, histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultramicroscopic analysis of colon specimen revealed significant improvement. To pinpoint the mechanistic pathway underlying the curative effect of nifuroxazide, colon expression of NF-κB, caspase-3 was evaluated along with STAT-3 activation. Nifuroxazide induced a dose-dependent significant suppression of NF-κB and caspase-3 signaling together with STAT3 signaling. In conclusion; nifuroxazide can be proposed as a therapeutic candidate to attenuate UC and its associated symptoms. The potential underlying mechanism involves suppression of NF-κB/STAT-3/caspase- signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra M El-Far
- Dep. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nehal M Elsherbiny
- Dep. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Dep. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Shafey
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakhalia Governorate, Egypt; Physiological Sciences Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Said
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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16
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Stevens M, Howe C, Ray AM, Washburn A, Chitre S, Sivinski J, Park Y, Hoang QQ, Chapman E, Johnson SM. Analogs of nitrofuran antibiotics are potent GroEL/ES inhibitor pro-drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115710. [PMID: 33007545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In two previous studies, we identified compound 1 as a moderate GroEL/ES inhibitor with weak to moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including Bacillus subtilis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and SM101 Escherichia coli (which has a compromised lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic pathway making bacteria more permeable to drugs). Extending from those studies, we developed two series of analogs with key substructures resembling those of known antibacterials, nitroxoline (hydroxyquinoline moiety) and nifuroxazide/nitrofurantoin (bis-cyclic-N-acylhydrazone scaffolds). Through biochemical and cell-based assays, we identified potent GroEL/ES inhibitors that selectively blocked E. faecium, S. aureus, and E. coli proliferation with low cytotoxicity to human colon and intestine cells in vitro. Initially, only the hydroxyquinoline-bearing analogs were found to be potent inhibitors in our GroEL/ES-mediated substrate refolding assays; however, subsequent testing in the presence of an E. coli nitroreductase (NfsB) in situ indicated that metabolites of the nitrofuran-bearing analogs were potent GroEL/ES inhibitor pro-drugs. Consequently, this study has identified a new target of nitrofuran-containing drugs, and is the first reported instance of such a unique class of GroEL/ES chaperonin inhibitors. The intriguing results presented herein provide impetus for expanded studies to validate inhibitor mechanisms and optimize this antibacterial class using the respective GroEL/ES chaperonin systems and nitroreductases from E. coli and the ESKAPE bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mckayla Stevens
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Chris Howe
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Ray
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Alex Washburn
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Siddhi Chitre
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Jared Sivinski
- The University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Yangshin Park
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine. 320 W. 15th Street, Suite 414, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine. 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Quyen Q Hoang
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine. 320 W. 15th Street, Suite 414, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine. 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- The University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Steven M Johnson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
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Misra SK, Wu Z, Ostadhossein F, Ye M, Boateng K, Schulten K, Tajkhorshid E, Pan D. Pro-Nifuroxazide Self-Assembly Leads to Triggerable Nanomedicine for Anti-cancer Therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:18074-18089. [PMID: 31013055 PMCID: PMC7066988 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor STAT3 has been shown to regulate genes that are involved in stem cell self-renewal and thus represents a novel therapeutic target of great biological significance. However, many small-molecule agents with potential effects through STAT3 modulation in cancer therapy lack aqueous solubility and high off-target toxicity, hence impeding efficient bioavailability and activity. This work, for the first time, reports a prodrug-based strategy for selective and safer delivery of STAT3 inhibitors designed toward metastatic and drug-resistant breast cancer. We have synthesized a novel lipase-labile SN-2 phospholipid prodrug from a clinically investigated STAT3 inhibitor, nifuroxazide (Pro-nifuroxazide), which can be regioselectively cleaved by the membrane-abundant enzymes in cancer cells. Pro-nifuroxazide self-assembled to sub 20 nm nanoparticles (NPs), and the cytotoxic ability was screened in ER(+)-MCF-7 and ER(-)-MD-MB231 cells at 48-72 h using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetra-zolium bromide proliferation assay. Results indicated that Pro-nifuroxazide NPs are multifold more effective toward inhibiting cancer cells in a time-dependent manner compared to parent nifuroxazide. A remarkable improvement in the local concentration of drugs to as high as ∼240 fold when assembled into NPs is presumably the reason for this functional improvement. We also introduced molecular dynamics simulations to generate Pro-nifuroxazide nano-assembly, as a model assembly from triggerable anti-cancer drugs, to provide molecular insights correlating physicochemical and anti-cancer properties. In silico properties of Pro-nifuroxazide including size, chemistry of NPs and membrane interactions with individual molecules could be validated by in vitro functional activities in cells of breast cancer origin. The in vivo anti-cancer efficiencies of Pro-nifuroxazide NPs in nude mice xenografts with MCF-7 revealed remarkable growth inhibition of as high as 400%. Histopathological analysis corroborated these findings to show significantly high nuclear fragmentation and retracted cytoplasm. Immunostaining on tumor section demonstrated a significantly lower level of pSTAT-3 by Pro-nifuroxazide NP treatment, establishing the inhibition of STAT-3 phosphorylation. Our strategy for the first time proposes a translatable prodrug agent self-assembled into NPs and demonstrates remarkable enhancement in IC50, induced apoptosis, and reduced cancer cell population through STAT-3 inhibition via reduced phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Misra
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana 61801 , United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital , 502 N. Busey , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | | | - Fatemeh Ostadhossein
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana 61801 , United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital , 502 N. Busey , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Mao Ye
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana 61801 , United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital , 502 N. Busey , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana 61801 , United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital , 502 N. Busey , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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Krasavin M, Lukin A, Vedekhina T, Manicheva O, Dogonadze M, Vinogradova T, Zabolotnykh N, Rogacheva E, Kraeva L, Sharoyko V, Tennikova TB, Dar'in D, Sokolovich E. Attachment of a 5-nitrofuroyl moiety to spirocyclic piperidines produces non-toxic nitrofurans that are efficacious in vitro against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:125-135. [PMID: 30703656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A selectively antimycobacterial compound belonging to the nitrofuran class of antimicrobials has been developed via conjugation of the nitrofuran moiety to a series of spirocyclic piperidines through an amide linkage. It proved to have comparable activity against drug-sensitive (H37Rv) strain as well as multidrug-resistant, patient-derived strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The compound is druglike, showed no appreciable cytotoxicity toward human retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19 in concentrations up to 100 μM and displayed low toxicity when evaluated in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Krasavin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexei Lukin
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, 119571, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Vedekhina
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, 119571, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Manicheva
- Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 2-4 Ligovsky Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, 191036, Russian Federation
| | - Marine Dogonadze
- Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 2-4 Ligovsky Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, 191036, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Vinogradova
- Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 2-4 Ligovsky Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, 191036, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Zabolotnykh
- Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 2-4 Ligovsky Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, 191036, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta Rogacheva
- Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 14 Mira Street, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation
| | - Liudmila Kraeva
- Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 14 Mira Street, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Sharoyko
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana B Tennikova
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny Sokolovich
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation; Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 2-4 Ligovsky Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, 191036, Russian Federation
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Luo Y, Zeng A, Fang A, Song L, Fan C, Zeng C, Ye T, Chen H, Tu C, Xie Y. Nifuroxazide induces apoptosis, inhibits cell migration and invasion in osteosarcoma. Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:1006-1013. [PMID: 30680584 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone and characterized by an appendicular primary tumor with a high rate of metastasis to the lungs. Unfortunately, there is no effective strategy to treat osteosarcoma in current clinical practice. In this study, the anticancer effects and potential mechanisms of nifuroxazide, an oral nitrofuran antibiotic, on two osteosarcoma cell lines were investigated. The results of the antiproliferative activity in vitro showed that nifuroxazide inhibited cell proliferation of UMR106 and MG63 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, nifuroxazide showed low toxicity to non-tumor cells (HEK 293 T). In addition, ROS-mitochondrial mediated apoptosis was observed after treatment of nifuroxazide. Moreover, nifuroxazide could significantly inhibit osteosarcoma cells migration and invasion via p-Stat3, MMP-2 and MMP-9 mediated signaling pathway. Taken together, our results suggested that nifuroxazide could be a promising agent for osteosarcoma treatment by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing cell apoptosis and impairing cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Zeng
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenjuan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Healthy Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Magotra A, Sharma A, Gupta AP, Wazir P, Sharma S, Singh PP, Tikoo MK, Vishwakarma RA, Singh G, Nandi U. Development and validation of a highly sensitive LC-ESI-MS/MS method for estimation of IIIM-MCD-211, a novel nitrofuranyl methyl piperazine derivative with potential activity against tuberculosis: Application to drug development. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017. [PMID: 28623772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a simple, sensitive, specific and rapid liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed and validated according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines for estimation of IIIM-MCD-211 (a potent oral candidate with promising action against tuberculosis) in mice plasma using carbamazepine as internal standard (IS). Bioanalytical method consisted of one step protein precipitation for sample preparation followed by quantitation in LC-MS/MS using positive electrospray ionization technique (ESI) operating in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Elution was achieved in gradient mode on High Resolution Chromolith RP-18e column with mobile phase comprised of acetonitrile and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water at the flow rate of 0.4mL/min. Precursor to product ion transitions (m/z 344.5/218.4 and m/z 237.3/194.2) were used to measure analyte and IS, respectively. All validation parameters were well within the limit of acceptance criteria. The method was successfully applied to assess the pharmacokinetics of the candidate in mice following oral (10mg/kg) and intravenous (IV; 2.5mg/kg) administration. It was also effectively used to quantitate metabolic stability of the compound in mouse liver microsomes (MLM) and human liver microsomes (HLM) followed by its in-vitro-in-vivo extrapolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Magotra
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Anjna Sharma
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Ajai Prakash Gupta
- Quality Control and Quality Analysis Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, 180 001, India
| | - Priya Wazir
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Parvinder Pal Singh
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Tikoo
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Ram A Vishwakarma
- Director, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, anal Road, Jammu 180001, J&K, India
| | - Gurdarshan Singh
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India.
| | - Utpal Nandi
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India.
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21
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Gomes MN, Alcântara LM, Neves BJ, Melo-Filho CC, Freitas-Junior LH, Moraes CB, Ma R, Franzblau SG, Muratov E, Andrade CH. Computer-aided discovery of two novel chalcone-like compounds active and selective against Leishmania infantum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2459-2464. [PMID: 28434763 PMCID: PMC6020026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis are infectious diseases caused by parasites of genus Leishmania that affect affects 12 million people in 98 countries mainly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Effective treatments for this disease are urgently needed. In this study, we present a computer-aided approach to investigate a set of 32 recently synthesized chalcone and chalcone-like compounds to act as antileishmanial agents. As a result, nine most promising compounds and three potentially inactive compounds were experimentally evaluated against Leishmania infantum amastigotes and mammalian cells. Four compounds exhibited EC50 in the range of 6.2-10.98μM. In addition, two compounds, LabMol-65 and LabMol-73, exhibited cytotoxicity in macrophages >50μM that resulted in better selectivity compared to standard drug amphotericin B. These two compounds also demonstrated low cytotoxicity and high selectivity towards Vero cells. The results of target fishing followed by homology modeling and docking studies suggest that these chalcone compounds could act in Leishmania because of their interaction with cysteine proteases, such as procathepsin L. Finally, we have provided structural recommendations for designing new antileishmanial chalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo N Gomes
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Goias, Rua 240, Qd.87, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiania, Goias 74605-510, Brazil
| | - Laura M Alcântara
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. d Instituto Butantan - Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno J Neves
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Goias, Rua 240, Qd.87, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiania, Goias 74605-510, Brazil; Postgraduate Program on Society, Technology and Enviroment, University Center of Anápolis/UniEVANGELICA, Anápolis, Goiás 75083-515, Brazil
| | - Cleber C Melo-Filho
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Goias, Rua 240, Qd.87, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiania, Goias 74605-510, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina B Moraes
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. d Instituto Butantan - Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Rui Ma
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Scott G Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Eugene Muratov
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Chemical Technology, Odessa National Polytechnic University, Odessa 65000, Ukraine; Currently Visiting Professor at Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Goias, Rua 240, Qd.87, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiania, Goias 74605-510, Brazil.
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Zhu Y, Ye T, Yu X, Lei Q, Yang F, Xia Y, Song X, Liu L, Deng H, Gao T, Peng C, Zuo W, Xiong Y, Zhang L, Wang N, Zhao L, Xie Y, Yu L, Wei Y. Nifuroxazide exerts potent anti-tumor and anti-metastasis activity in melanoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20253. [PMID: 26830149 PMCID: PMC4735744 DOI: 10.1038/srep20253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly malignant neoplasm of melanocytes with considerable metastatic potential and drug resistance, explaining the need for new candidates that inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. The signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (Stat3) signaling pathway plays an important role in melanoma and has been validated as promising anticancer target for melanoma therapy. In this study, nifuroxazide, an antidiarrheal agent identified as an inhibitor of Stat3, was evaluated for its anti-melanoma activity in vitro and in vivo. It had potent anti-proliferative activity against various melanoma cell lines and could induce G2/M phase arrest and cell apoptosis. Moreover, nifuroxazide markedly impaired melanoma cell migration and invasion by down-regulating phosphorylated-Src, phosphorylated-FAK, and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2, MMP-9 and vimentin. It also significantly inhibited tumor growth without obvious side effects in the A375-bearing mice model by inducing apoptosis and reducing cell proliferation and metastasis. Notably, nifuroxazide significantly inhibited pulmonary metastases, which might be associated with the decrease of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These findings suggested that nifuroxazide might be a potential agent for inhibiting the growth and metastasis of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Yu
- College of agricultural and life sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706, USA
| | - Qian Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuejiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxia Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tiantao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Cuiting Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiqiong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ningyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lifeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Luoting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
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Kumar M, Adhikari S, Hurdle JG. Action of nitroheterocyclic drugs against Clostridium difficile. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2014; 44:314-9. [PMID: 25129314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The nitroheterocyclic classes of drugs have a long history of use in treating anaerobic infections, as exemplified by metronidazole as a first-line treatment for mild-to-moderate Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Since direct comparisons of the three major classes of nitroheterocyclic drugs (i.e. nitroimidazole, nitazoxanide and nitrofurans) and nitrosating agents against C. difficile are under-examined, in this study their actions against C. difficile were compared. Results show that whilst transient resistance occurs to metronidazole and nitazoxanide, stable resistance arises to nitrofurans upon serial passage. All compounds killed C. difficile at high concentrations in addition to the host defence nitrosating agent S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). This suggests that GSNO killing of C. difficile contributes to its efficacy in murine CDI. Although nitric oxide production could not be detected for the nitroheterocyclic drugs, the cellular response to metronidazole and nitrofurans has some overlap with the response to GSNO, causing significant upregulation of the hybrid-cluster protein Hcp that responds to nitrosative stress. These findings provide new insights into the action of nitroheterocyclic drugs against C. difficile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Sudip Adhikari
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Julian G Hurdle
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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Gonchar NV, Partina IV, Nyrkova OI, Drap AS. [Resistance of clinical strains of pathogenic E. coli to antibiotics and bacteriophage in hospitalized children with escherichiosis in St. Petersburg]. Antibiot Khimioter 2014; 59:38-43. [PMID: 25975115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The data on the resistance frequency of the diarrheagenic E. coli isolates to antibacterial agents and a specific bacteriophage are presented. The strains were isolated from hospitalized children in St. Petersburg in 2011-2013 and belonged to three groups, i.e. enteropathogenic (EPE), enterotoxigenic (ETE) and enteroinvasine (EIE). It was shown that in the children aged from 1 month to 18 years the average antibiotic resistance was maximum in the EIE isolates and decreased in the following order: EIE (15.2%), EPE (6.0%), ETE (3.3%). The clinical EIE isolates showed no resistance to the new generation cephalosporins (cefuroxime, cephepime) and nitrofurans. The E. coli isolates of the three groups were characterized by high resistance to a specific bacteriophage which decreased in the following order: ETE (44.8%), EIE (37.0%), EPE (28.8%). The multiple resistance of the diarrheagenic E. coli isolates of the three groups to the antibacterials averaged 2.8%. The maximum frequency of resistance of the clinical isolates of the three groups to nalidixic acid was observed: EIE - 28.6%, EPE - 26.3%, ETE - 9.1%. The results of the study may be useful in the tactics of therapy of diarrheagenic E. coli infection in children.
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Aravena CM, Olea AC, Cerecetto H, González M, Maya JD, Rodríguez-Becerra J. Potent 5-nitrofuran derivatives inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi growth: electrochemical, spectroscopic and biological studies. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011; 79:312-319. [PMID: 21470905 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic voltammetry and electron spin resonance techniques were used in the investigation of several potential antiprotozoal containing thiosemicarbazone and carbamate nitrofurans. In the electrochemical behaviour, a self-protonation process involving the nitro group was observed. The reactivity of the nitro anion radical for these derivatives with glutathione, a biological relevant thiol, was also studied in means of cyclic voltammetry. These studies demonstrated that glutathione could react with radical species from 5-nitrofuryl system. Furthermore, from the voltammetric results, some parameters of biological significance as E(7)(1) (indicative of the biological nitro anion radical formation), and [Formula: see text] (thermodynamic indicator the of oxygen redox cycling) have been calculated. We also evaluated the stability of the nitro anion radical in terms of the dimerization constant (k(d)). The nitrofuran-free radicals from cyclic voltammetry were characterized by electron spin resonance. A clear dependence between both the thiosemicarbazone or carbamate substructure and the length of the linker, furyl- or furylpropenyl-spacer, and the delocalization of the unpaired electron was observed. Through of biological assays we obtained important parameters that account for the selective anti-trypanosomal activity of these derivatives. The trypomastigote viability study showed that all derivatives are as active as in the epimastigote form of the parasite in a doses dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Maria Aravena
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Famacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
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Makhlaĭ NS, Berezina LA, Verbov VN, Zakrevskaia AV, Zhebrun AB. [Development and use of test systems for the evaluation of sensitivity of Trichomonas vaginalisto preparations of the 5-nitroimidazole and 5-nitrofuran groups]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2011:71-75. [PMID: 21809648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM Development of test system for the evaluation of sensitivity of Trichomonas vaginalis to preparations of the 5-nitroimidazole and 5-nitrofuran groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS Determination of minimal cidic concentration (MCC) of antiprotozoal preparations was carried out by cultivating laboratory T. vaginalis strains in wells of plates with nutrient medium containing varying concentrations of these preparations. Evaluation of vitality of the agent was determined by using trypan blue vital stain and bysubsequent growth ability in nutrient medium without antiprotozoal preparations. Construction of the test system was carried out by selecting conditions for the fixation of preparations in the plate wells and control of activity retention after the fixation. 109 isolates from patients with confirmed trichomoniasis diagnosis were used for the approbation of the test system. RESULTS Cultivation of 10 strains showed that MCC of investigated preparations had the following values: metronidazole 5, tinidazole 1.25; secnidazole 2.5; nimorazole 1.25; ornidazole 2.5; clotrimazole 15; nifuratel 1.25 microg/ml. Studies of clinical material revealed single-type sensitivity of strains isolated during acute trichomoniasis, and varying--during chronic, while one strain had multidrug resistance. CONCLUSION A simple test system available for routine laboratory work for the evaluation of sensitivity of T. vaginalis to preparations of the 5-nitroimidazole and 5-nitrofuran groups was developed. The efficacy of the test ensures high sensitivity, reproducibility and shorter procedure time as compared with classical method, thus allowing the selection of preparation for therapy with the highest probability.
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Zaĭtseva IV, Granik VG, Belik AS, Koksharova OA, Khmel' IA. [Activation of the bioluminescence of the sensor Escherichia coli strains used for detecting N-acyl-homoserine lactones in the presence of nitrofurans and NO generators]. Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol 2010:24-28. [PMID: 20540359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nitrofurans (nitrofurazone, nitrofurantoin, furazidin, nifuroxazide), and nitric oxide generators (sodium nitroprusside and isosorbide mononitrate) in subinhibitory concentrations were shown to significantly increase the bioluminescence of the sensor Escherichia coli strains used for detecting N-acyl-homoserine lactones, signaling molecules of Quorum Sensing (QS) regulatory systems. The highest activation of bioluminescence (up to 250-400 fold) was observed in the presence of nitrofurazone on E. coli DH5alpha biosensors containing lux-reporter plasmids pSB401 or pSB536. However, this activation was not specifically associated with the functioning of QS systems. We suggest that the effect observed results from a direct action of nitrofurans and NO donors on the process of bioluminescence. The data indicate the necessity of using the biosensors that make it possible to detect specific effects of substances tested on QS regulation.
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Yang L, Rybtke MT, Jakobsen TH, Hentzer M, Bjarnsholt T, Givskov M, Tolker-Nielsen T. Computer-aided identification of recognized drugs as Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:2432-43. [PMID: 19364871 PMCID: PMC2687250 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01283-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 11/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence by the use of small-molecule quorum-sensing inhibitors (referred to as the antipathogenic drug principle) is likely to play a role in future treatment strategies for chronic infections. In this study, structure-based virtual screening was used in a search for putative quorum-sensing inhibitors from a database comprising approved drugs and natural compounds. The database was built from compounds which showed structural similarities to previously reported quorum-sensing inhibitors, the ligand of the P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing receptor LasR, and a quorum-sensing receptor agonist. Six top-ranking compounds, all recognized drugs, were identified and tested for quorum-sensing-inhibitory activity. Three compounds, salicylic acid, nifuroxazide, and chlorzoxazone, showed significant inhibition of quorum-sensing-regulated gene expression and related phenotypes in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the identified compounds have the potential to be used as antipathogenic drugs. Furthermore, the results indicate that structure-based virtual screening is an efficient tool in the search for novel compounds to combat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Hevener KE, Ball DM, Buolamwini JK, Lee RE. Quantitative structure-activity relationship studies on nitrofuranyl anti-tubercular agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:8042-53. [PMID: 18701298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of nitrofuranylamide and related aromatic compounds displaying potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been investigated utilizing 3-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) techniques. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) methods were used to produce 3D-QSAR models that correlated the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against M. tuberculosis with the molecular structures of the active compounds. A training set of 95 active compounds was used to develop the models, which were then evaluated by a series of internal and external cross-validation techniques. A test set of 15 compounds was used for the external validation. Different alignment and ionization rules were investigated as well as the effect of global molecular descriptors including lipophilicity (cLogP, LogD), polar surface area (PSA), and steric bulk (CMR), on model predictivity. Models with greater than 70% predictive ability, as determined by external validation, and high internal validity (cross-validated r(2)>.5) have been developed. Incorporation of lipophilicity descriptors into the models had negligible effects on model predictivity. The models developed will be used to predict the activity of proposed new structures and advance the development of next generation nitrofuranyl and related nitroaromatic anti-tuberculosis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk E Hevener
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Suite 327, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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30
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Rangel-Yagui CO, Hsu HWL, Barbosa LRS, Caetano W, Pessoa A, Tavares LC, Itri R. Novel potential drug against T. cruzi and its interaction with surfactant micelles. Pharm Dev Technol 2007; 12:183-92. [PMID: 17510890 DOI: 10.1080/10837450701212727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of 5-nitro-2-furfurilylidene benzhydrazide (5NFB), potential anti-trypanosomal compound, with micellar solutions was studied. The results indicated that 50 mug of 5NFB completely kills 20 million T. cruzi epimastigote cells within 3 days, whereas the same amount of benznidazole kills 30% of the cells after 4 days. 5NFB solubility in surfactants solutions (SDS, DTAB, C12EO8) increased linearly with surfactant concentration. According to small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), 5NFB does not affect micellar structural features. A comparison between C12EO8 effects on T. cruzi epimastigote cells and on erythrocytes showed that surfactant lytic effect is stronger in parasite cells, enlightening the potential of 5NFB micellar formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota O Rangel-Yagui
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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31
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Masunari A, Tavares LC. A new class of nifuroxazide analogues: Synthesis of 5-nitrothiophene derivatives with antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:4229-36. [PMID: 17419064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Revised: 03/17/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been an increasing problem worldwide since the initial reports over 40 years ago. To examine new drug leads with potential antibacterial activities, 14 p-substituted benzoic acid [(5-nitro-thiophen-2-yl)-methylene]-hydrazides were designed, synthesized, and tested against standard and multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains by serial dilution tests. All compounds exhibited significant bacteriostatic activity and some of them also showed bactericidal activity. The results confirmed the potential of this class of compounds as an alternative for the development of selective antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Masunari
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil.
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32
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Polycarpou-Schwarz M, Müller K, Denger S, Riddell A, Lewis J, Gannon F, Reid G. Thanatop: A Novel 5-Nitrofuran that Is a Highly Active, Cell-Permeable Inhibitor of Topoisomerase II. Cancer Res 2007; 67:4451-8. [PMID: 17483360 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of nitrofuran-based compounds were identified as inhibitors of estrogen signaling in a cell-based, high-throughput screen of a diverse library of small molecules. These highly related compounds were subsequently found to inhibit topoisomerase II in vitro at concentrations similar to that required for the inhibition of estrogen signaling in cells. The most potent nitrofuran discovered is approximately 10-fold more active than etoposide phosphate, a topoisomerase II inhibitor in clinical use. The nitrofurans also inhibit topoisomerase I activity, with approximately 20-fold less activity. Moreover, the nitrofurans, in contrast to etoposide, induce a profound cell cycle arrest in the G(0)-G(1) phase of the cell cycle, do not induce double-stranded DNA breaks, are not substrates for multidrug resistance protein-1 export from the cell, and are amenable to synthetic development. In addition, the nitrofurans synergize with etoposide phosphate in cell killing. Clonogenic assays done on a panel of human tumors maintained ex vivo in nude mice show that the most active compound identified in the screen is selective against tumors compared with normal hematopoietic stem cells. However, this compound had only moderate activity in a mouse xenograft model. This novel class of topoisomerase II inhibitor may provide additional chemotherapeutic strategies for the development of cytotoxic agents with proven clinical utility.
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Tangallapally RP, Yendapally R, Daniels AJ, Lee REB, Lee RE. Nitrofurans as Novel Anti-tuberculosis Agents: Identification, Development and Evaluation. Curr Top Med Chem 2007; 7:509-26. [PMID: 17346196 DOI: 10.2174/156802607780059772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During a search for new anti-tuberculosis agents, a screen of a commercially available library provided a hit nitrofuranyl amide. This hit was selected for further development due to its potential as an anti-tuberculosis agent with a novel mechanism of action, and its potential for activity against both actively growing and latent bacteria. This review covers the optimization of this lead and the strategies applied for developing this series into anti-tuberculosis agents. To optimize the hit, a series of libraries were synthesized, producing several compounds that showed increased anti-tuberculosis activity along with a strong structure activity relationship. The most active compounds from the first optimization series showed good in vitro anti-tuberculosis activity and limited in vivo efficacy, but their application was restricted due to solubility problems. Therefore, a second generation optimization library was designed and synthesized in order to increase bioavailability and solubility while maintaining good anti-tuberculosis activity. Hydrophilic cyclic secondary amines were substituted to the core scaffold and a benzyl piperazine substitution was found to be most effective in achieving improved solubility and potent anti-tuberculosis activity. However, bioactivity studies of these 2nd generation leads showed that the in vivo anti-tuberculosis activity of these compounds was limited due to rapid metabolism. Consequently, a 3rd generation of compounds was designed and synthesized in which potential sites of metabolism were blocked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P Tangallapally
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Ave Rm327, Memphis TN 38163, USA
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34
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Mikamo H, Tanaka K, Watanabe K. [Evaluation of efficacy of oral quinolone against Streptococcus pneumoniae AND Haemophilus influenzae with the use of Monte Carlo simulation]. Jpn J Antibiot 2006; 59:468-73. [PMID: 17334064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the efficacies of various administration methods for levofloxacin (LVFX) and tosufloxacin (TFLX) against 161 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and 309 isolates of Haemophilus influenzae isolated in Gifu prefecture, using Monte Carlo simulation. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the fluoroquinolones were calculated from changes in blood concentration in healthy adults. Monte Carlo simulation was performed for 1,000 times to determine the AUC/MIC target attainment rates for various administration methods for fluoroquinolones (LVFX: 100 mgx3, 200 mgx2, 500 mgx 1, TFLX: 150 mgx3, 300 mgx2) with Crystal Ball 7. For S. pneumoniae, target attainment rates ofAUC/MIC; 30 were 47.18%, 75.54%, 89.16%, 93.63% and 98.63% for LVFX 100mgx3, LVFX 200mgx2, LVFX 500mgxl, TFLX 150mgx3 and TFLX 300mgx2, respectively. For H. influenzae, target attainment rates of AUC/MIC; 125 were 99.20%, 99.05%, 99.54%, 99.66% and 100% for LVFX 100mgx3, LVFX 200mgx2, LVFX 500mgxl, TFLX 150mgx3 and TFLX 300mgx2, respectively. These results suggest that administration methods might have a large impact on the efficacy of treatment with oral fluoroquinolones, and to determine administration method based on PK/PD would be important in clinical practices.
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Otero L, Aguirre G, Boiani L, Denicola A, Rigol C, Olea-Azar C, Maya JD, Morello A, González M, Gambino D, Cerecetto H. Nitrofurylsemicarbazone Rhenium and Ruthenium Complexes as Anti-trypanosomal Agents. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:1231-9. [PMID: 16828524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rhenium and ruthenium complexes of the type [Re(V)OCl(2)(PPh(3))L] and [Ru(II)Cl(2)(DMSO)(2)L], where L are 5-nitrofurylsemicarbazone derivatives, were prepared in an effort to obtain new anti-trypanosomal agents combining the recognized biological activity of these metals and the trypanocidal activity of the free ligands. Rhenium complexes resulted unstable in aqueous solution not allowing their use as potential drugs. On the other hand, complexation to ruthenium of the bioactive ligands lead to the lack of antiprotozoa activity even though free radical production and redox cycling induction were detected when the compounds were incubated in presence of Trypanosoma cruzi cells. The lack of anti-trypanosomal activity of ruthenium complexes could be explained on the basis of their high protein binding capacity and their high hydrophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Otero
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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36
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De La Fuente R, Sonawane ND, Arumainayagam D, Verkman AS. Small molecules with antimicrobial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa identified by high-throughput screening. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 149:551-9. [PMID: 16981005 PMCID: PMC2014677 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE New antimicrobials are needed because of the emergence of organisms that are resistant to available antimicrobials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a high-throughput screening approach to identify antibacterials against two common disease-causing bacteria, and to determine the frequency, novelty, and potency of compounds with antibacterial activity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A high-throughput, turbidometric assay of bacterial growth in a 96-well plate format was used to screen a diverse collection of 150,000 small molecules for antibacterial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The statistical Z'-factor for the assay was > or = 0.7. KEY RESULTS Screening for inhibition of E. coli growth gave a 'hit' rate (> 60% inhibition at 12.5 microM) of 0.025%, which was more than 5-fold reduced for P. aeruginosa. The most potent antibacterials (EC50 < 0.5 microM) were of the nitrofuran class followed by naphthalimide, salicylanilide, bipyridinium and quinoazolinediamine chemical classes. Screening of > 250 analogs of the most potent antibacterial classes established structure-activity data sets. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results validate and demonstrate the utility of a growth-based phenotype screen for rapid identification of small-molecule antibacterials. The favourable efficacy and structure-activity data for several of the antibacterial classes suggests their potential development for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- R De La Fuente
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - N D Sonawane
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Arumainayagam
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A S Verkman
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
- Author for correspondence: http://www.ucsf.edu/verklab
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37
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Otero L, Vieites M, Boiani L, Denicola A, Rigol C, Opazo L, Olea-Azar C, Maya JD, Morello A, Krauth-Siegel RL, Piro OE, Castellano E, González M, Gambino D, Cerecetto H. Novel Antitrypanosomal Agents Based on Palladium Nitrofurylthiosemicarbazone Complexes: DNA and Redox Metabolism as Potential Therapeutic Targets. J Med Chem 2006; 49:3322-31. [PMID: 16722651 DOI: 10.1021/jm0512241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the search for new therapeutic tools against American Trypanosomiasis palladium complexes with bioactive nitrofuran-containing thiosemicarbazones as ligands were obtained. Sixteen novel palladium (II) complexes with the formulas [PdCl2(HL)] and [Pd(L)2] were synthesized, and the crystal structure of [Pd(5-nitrofuryl-3-acroleine thiosemicarbazone)2] x 3DMSO was solved by X-ray diffraction methods. Most complexes showed higher in vitro growth inhibition activity against Trypanosoma cruzi than the standard drug Nifurtimox. In most cases, the activity of the ligand was maintained or even increased as a result of palladium complexation. In addition, the complexes' mode of antitrypanosomal action was investigated. Although the complexes showed strong DNA binding, all data strongly suggest that the main trypanocidal mechanism of action is the production of oxidative stress as a result of their bioreduction and extensive redox cycling. Moreover, the complexes were found to be irreversible inhibitors of trypanothione reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Otero
- Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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38
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Aguirre G, Boiani M, Cabrera E, Cerecetto H, Di Maio R, González M, Denicola A, Sant'anna CMR, Barreiro EJ. New potent 5-nitrofuryl derivatives as inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi growth. 3D-QSAR (CoMFA) studies. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:457-66. [PMID: 16497414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Revised: 11/16/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Growth inhibitory activity in vitro of sixteen new 5-nitrofuryl derivatives against the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of American trypanosomiasis, was studied. The designed compounds combine in the same molecule the recognized 5-nitrofuryl group, an oxidative stress promoter, and lateral chains that could interact with biomolecules such as trypanothione reductase. Some of the derivatives were found to be very active against the epimastigote form of the parasite, being near to 3.0-fold more active than the reference compound, nifurtimox. Moreover, three-dimensional requirements for activity were clearly observed using a 3D-QSAR study based on a comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). The best CoMFA model, r(2) = 0.970 and q(2) = 0.725, points to the importance of a specific hydrogen-bonding pattern around the carbonyl or thiocarbonyl moieties, as well as the requirement for hydrophobic lateral chains. Theoretical pharmacokinetics (Lipinski's rule, PSA) supports further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Aguirre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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39
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Tangallapally RP, Yendapally R, Lee RE, Lenaerts AJ, Lee RE. Synthesis and evaluation of cyclic secondary amine substituted phenyl and benzyl nitrofuranyl amides as novel antituberculosis agents. J Med Chem 2005; 48:8261-9. [PMID: 16366608 PMCID: PMC2527484 DOI: 10.1021/jm050765n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In an ongoing effort to develop new and potent antituberculosis agents, a second-generation series of nitrofuranyl amides was synthesized on the basis of the lead compound 5-nitrofuran-2-carboxylic acid 3,4-dimethoxybenzylamide. The primary design consideration was to improve the solubility and consequently the bioavailability of the series by the addition of hydrophilic rings to the benzyl and phenyl B ring core. The synthesis of 27 cyclic, secondary amine substituted phenyl and benzyl nitrofuranyl amides is described and their activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis reported. The series showed a strong structure-activity relationship as the benzyl nitrofuranyl amides were significantly more active than similarly substituted phenyl nitrofuranyl amides. Para-substituted benzyl piperazines showed the most antituberculosis activity. Compounds in the series were subsequently selected for bioavailability and in vivo testing. This study led to the successful discovery of novel compounds with increased antituberculosis activity in vitro and a better understanding of the requisite pharmacological properties to advance this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P. Tangallapally
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Ave Rm327, Memphis TN 38163
| | - Raghunandan Yendapally
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Ave Rm327, Memphis TN 38163
| | - Robin E. Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Ave Rm327, Memphis TN 38163
| | - Anne J.M. Lenaerts
- Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Richard E. Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Ave Rm327, Memphis TN 38163
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Baliani A, Bueno GJ, Stewart ML, Yardley V, Brun R, Barrett MP, Gilbert IH. Design and synthesis of a series of melamine-based nitroheterocycles with activity against Trypanosomatid parasites. J Med Chem 2005; 48:5570-9. [PMID: 16107157 DOI: 10.1021/jm050177+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The parasites that give rise to human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are auxotrophs for various nutrients from the human host, including purines. They have specialist nucleoside transporters to import these metabolites. In addition to uptake of purine nucleobases and purine nucleosides, one of these transporters, the P2 transporter, can carry melamine derivatives; these derivatives are not substrates for the corresponding mammalian transporters. In this paper, we report the coupling of the melamine moiety to selected nitro heterocycles with the aim of selectively delivering these compounds to the parasites. Some compounds prepared have similar in vitro trypanocidal activities as melarsoprol, the principal drug used against late-stage HAT, with 50% growth inhibitory concentrations in the submicromolar range. Selected compounds were also evaluated in vivo in rodent models infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei and T. brucei rhodesiense and showed pronounced activity and in two cases were curative without overt signs of toxicity. Compounds were also tested against other trypanosomatid pathogens, Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma cruzi, and significant activity in vitro was noted for T. cruzi against which various nitro heterocycles are already registered for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Baliani
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Redwood Building, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3XF, United Kingdom
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Sharma S, Athar F, Maurya MR, Naqvi F, Azam A. Novel bidentate complexes of Cu(II) derived from 5-nitrofuran-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones with antiamoebic activity against E. histolytica. Eur J Med Chem 2005; 40:557-62. [PMID: 15922839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2005.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The novel analogues of 5-nitrofuran-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones 1-10 were synthesized and their copper(II) complexes 1a-10a were obtained by means of coordination with cupric chloride. All these compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, electronic spectra and thermogravimetric patterns while ligands have also been characterized by 1H NMR spectral studies. These copper complexes are bidentate and possess octahedral geometry around Cu(II) ion. Their antiamoebic activities were carried out to ascertain their effectiveness in comparison to their corresponding thiosemicarbazones. A number of these complexes possess noteworthy potencies towards HK-9 strain of Entamoeba histolytica in vitro. The complexes 2a-7a, 9a and 10a showed less IC50 value than metronidazole, the drug of choice for amoebiasis. Moreover, complexes 2a and 9a have shown the most promising antiamoebic activities (IC50 = 0.38 microM of 2a and IC50 = 0.34 microM of 9a versus IC50 = 1.81 microM of metronidazole). These results indicate that the metallated thiosemicarbazone may be lead molecule to inhibit growth of E. histolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
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42
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Abstract
It is of great interest to know how nitrofurans are mutagenic and clastogenic. In particular, the 3-amino-2-oxazolidone (AOZ) ring, deriving from a cleavage of furazolidone, is not further metabolized and has been found to be part of protein-bound residues in edible tissues of farm animals and these might be released in the stomach of the consumer. The data in this paper show that isoniazide as well as AOZ and 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), the latter deriving from furaltadone, cause irreversible damage to the prosthetic group of enzymes as well as degrade their polypeptide chain and cause fragmentation of the backbone chain of cellular or isolated DNA and RNA. Cellular DNA was degraded into small fragments of 2000 Mb, while rRNA was completely destroyed. Nitrofuran derivatives and hydrazides, in fact, share an N–N moiety, which is assumed to play an essential role in the irreversible damage observed. The key to the molecular mechanisms by which these compounds cause their irreversible effects may lie in oxygen consumption and electron spin resonance measurements, which reveal that both nitrofurans and isoniazide produce oxygen radicals at various degrees of efficiency. AOZ and AMOZ are not metabolized into more reactive metabolites, being themselves able to react with atmospheric oxygen and induce protein and oligonucleotide damage. The reaction does not require metal ions, although their presence will accelerate it.Key words: nitrofurans, active oxygen, furazolidone, DNA degradation, protein fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lello Zolla
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
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43
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Smith PJ, Popelier PLA. Quantitative structure-activity relationships from optimised ab initio bond lengths: steroid binding affinity and antibacterial activity of nitrofuran derivatives. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2005; 18:135-43. [PMID: 15287699 DOI: 10.1023/b:jcam.0000030036.67468.7c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The present day abundance of cheap computing power enables the use of quantum chemical ab initio data in Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs). Optimised bond lengths are a new such class of descriptors, which we have successfully used previously in representing electronic effects in medicinal and ecological QSARs (enzyme inhibitory activity, hydrolysis rate constants and pKas). Here we use AM1 and HF/3-21G* bond lengths in conjunction with Partial Least Squares (PLS) and a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to predict the Corticosteroid-Binding Globulin (CBG) binding activity of the classic steroid data set, and the antibacterial activity of nitrofuran derivatives. The current procedure, which does not require molecular alignment, produces good r2 and q2 values. Moreover, it highlights regions in the common steroid skeleton deemed relevant to the active regions of the steroids and nitrofuran derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, UMIST Manchester M60 1QD, UK
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44
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Raĭkova SV, Shub GM, Luneva IO, Golikov AG, Bugaev AA, Kriven'ko AP. [Chemotherapeutic effect of 3-(5-nitrofuryl)-7-(5-nitrofurfurylidene)-3,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2H-indazole in experimental staphylococcal infection]. Antibiot Khimioter 2005; 50:18-21. [PMID: 16308935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic activity of 3-(5-nitrofuryl)-7-(5-nitrofurfuryliden)-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 7-hexahydro-2H-indazol (compound 26) was studied on albino mice with experimental staphylococcal infection. The animals were contaminated intraperitoneally. The results of culture of the specimens of the organs of the mice killed within various terms and the values of the spleen bacterial index served as the criteria of the effectiveness. Compound 26 was administered in doses of 20, 10 and 5 mg/kg once a day for 3 days. The treatment was started simultaneously with or 24 hours after the contamination. The results showed that compound 26 in a dose 20 mg/kg (0.4 mg/mouse) possessed high chemotherapeutic activity in experimental staphylococcal infection of albino mice and could be recommended for a thorough study as a potential agent for chemotherapy of staphylococcal infection.
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45
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Hayder N, Abdelwahed A, Kilani S, Ammar RB, Mahmoud A, Ghedira K, Chekir-Ghedira L. Anti-genotoxic and free-radical scavenging activities of extracts from (Tunisian) Myrtus communis. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 2004; 564:89-95. [PMID: 15474415 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2004] [Revised: 06/03/2004] [Accepted: 08/11/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of extracts from leaves of Myrtus communis on the SOS reponse induced by Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and Nifuroxazide was investigated in a bacterial assay system, i.e. the SOS chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37. Aqueous extract, the total flavonoids oligomer fraction (TOF), hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts and essential oil obtained from M. communis significantly decreased the SOS response induced by AFB1 (10 microg/assay) and Nifuroxazide (20 microg/assay). Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed the strongest inhibition of the induction of the SOS response by the indirectly genotoxic AFB1. The methanol and aqueous extracts exhibited the highest level of protection towards the SOS-induced response by the directly genotoxic Nifuroxazide. In addition to anti-genotoxic activity, the aqueous extract, the TOF, and the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed an important free-radical scavenging activity towards the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. These results suggest the future utilization of these extracts as additives in chemoprevention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hayder
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
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46
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Aguirre G, Boiani L, Cerecetto H, Fernández M, González M, Denicola A, Otero L, Gambino D, Rigol C, Olea-Azar C, Faundez M. In vitro activity and mechanism of action against the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi of 5-nitrofuryl containing thiosemicarbazones. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:4885-93. [PMID: 15336268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2004] [Revised: 07/01/2004] [Accepted: 07/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro growth inhibition activity of new thiosemicarbazone derivatives against the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of American trypanosomiasis, are described. The designed compounds combine in the same molecule the thiosemicarbazone function, recently described as a potent cruzain-inhibitor moiety, and the recognised 5-nitrofuryl group, an oxidative stress promoter. Some of the derivatives were found to be very active against the cultured (epimastigote) form of the parasite, being 1.5-1.7-fold more active than the reference compound, Nifurtimox. Free radicals production was detected when the compounds were incubated in presence of mammalian-liver microsomes. The thiosemicarbazones' capacity to act as pharmacophore in the cruzain inhibition process was theoretically analysed. Frontier molecular orbital HOMO was found as an adequate descriptor in this process. Acute in vivo toxicity of two of the more active derivatives was evaluated. The results showed that these compounds are among the most potent 5-nitrofuryl derivatives tested against this parasite thus support further in vivo studies of some of these thiosemicarbazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Aguirre
- Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Facultad de Quimica-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
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47
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Aguirre G, Cabrera E, Cerecetto H, Di Maio R, González M, Seoane G, Duffaut A, Denicola A, Gil MJ, Martínez-Merino V. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new potent 5-nitrofuryl derivatives as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents. Studies of trypanothione binding site of trypanothione reductase as target for rational design. Eur J Med Chem 2004; 39:421-31. [PMID: 15110968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2003] [Revised: 02/21/2004] [Accepted: 02/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Design, using force-field calculations on the catalytic site of trypanothione reductase from Trypanosoma cruzi, has led to the development of new 5-nitrofuryl derivatives as potential anti-trypanosomal agents. The synthesized compounds were tested in vitro against T. cruzi and more than 75% of the prepared derivatives showed higher activity than nifurtimox. Compounds 5 and 11, hexyl 4-(5-nitrofurfurylidene)carbazate and N-hexyl 3-(5-nitrofuryl)propenamide, showed the highest in vitro trypanocidal effect reported to date for members of the nitrofuran family. Partition coefficients and energies for the single-electron reduction of compounds were theoretically determined. These properties could be not the major cause of the activities' differences. The physicochemical environment around E19, W22, C53 and Y111 residues within the trypanothione binding site of trypanothione reductase resulted a valuable target for the rational design of anti-trypanosomal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Aguirre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química-Facultad de Ciencias, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
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48
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Olea-Azar C, Rigol C, Mendizabal F, Morello A, Maya JD, Moncada C, Cabrera E, Di Maio R, González M, Cerecetto H. ESR spin trapping studies of free radicals generated from nitrofuran derivative analogues of nifurtimox by electrochemical and Trypanosoma cruzi reduction. Free Radic Res 2003; 37:993-1001. [PMID: 14670007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of radicals obtained from two analogues of the antiprotozoal drug nifurtimox by electrolytic and Trypanosoma cruzi reduction were analyzed. The electrochemistry of these compounds was studied using cyclic voltammetry. STO 3-21G ab initio and INDO molecular orbital calculations were performed to obtain the optimized geometries and spin distribution, respectively. The antioxidant effect of glutathione on the nitroheterocycle radical was evaluated. DMPO spin trapping was used to investigate the possible formation of free radicals in the trypanosome microsomal system. Nitro1 and Nitro2 nitrofuran analogues showed better antiparasitic activity than nifurtimox. Nitro2 produced oxygen redox cycling in T. cruzi epimastigotes. The ESR signal intensities were consistent with the trapping of either the hydroxyl radical or the Nitro2 analogue radicals. These results are in agreement with the biological observation that Nitro2 showed anti-Chagas activity by an oxidative stress mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Olea-Azar
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, P.O. Box 233, Santiago 1, Chile.
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49
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Chadfield MS, Hinton MH. Evaluation of treatment and prophylaxis with nitrofurans and comparison with alternative antimicrobial agents in experimental Salmonella enterica Serovar enteritidis infection in chicks. Vet Res Commun 2003; 27:257-73. [PMID: 12872826 DOI: 10.1023/a:1024039506986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the nitrofuran antimicrobial agents furazolidone and furaltadone to prevent, reduce or eliminate Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis PT4 infection in artificially challenged day-old chicks was evaluated. Treating the birds with the nitrofurans failed to eliminate established infections with either furazolidone-resistant (FzR) or furazolidone-sensitive (FzS) strains. Simultaneous administration of the nitrofurans to day-old chicks challenged with FzS failed to prevent infection but reduced colonization significantly (p<0.05) compared to unmedicated controls. No reduction of colonization occurred with FzR. Challenging birds with FzS and simultaneous dosing with nitrofurans for 1 week, followed by a second week of continued treatment, resulted in an increase in the level of colonization in the second week rather than a decrease. Dosing with the nitrofurans (200 ppm) for 1 week prior to challenge with FzS and continued medication for a further week prevented colonization of the caecum, liver and spleen. However, cessation of dosing at the time of challenge with salmonella resulted in colonization. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline at concentrations of 200 ppm were both independently capable of preventing colonization by salmonella. Sulphadiazine initially reduced colonization but failed to eliminate the infection. Only when furazolidone was combined with chloramphenicol or when sulphadiazine was combined with trimethoprim, and the combined drugs were administered concurrently with the challenge, was colonization prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Chadfield
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 4 Stigbøjlen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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50
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Maya JD, Bollo S, Nuñez-Vergara LJ, Squella JA, Repetto Y, Morello A, Périé J, Chauvière G. Trypanosoma cruzi: effect and mode of action of nitroimidazole and nitrofuran derivatives. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 65:999-1006. [PMID: 12623132 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(02)01663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of determining the actual target(s) of nitro-group bearing compounds considered as possible leads for the development of drugs against Chagas' disease, we studied in parallel nitrofurans and nitroimidazoles. We investigated nine representative compounds for the following properties: efficacy on different Trypanosoma cruzi strains, redox cyclers, inhibition of respiration, production of corresponding nitroso derivatives and intracellular thiol scavengers. Our results indicate that nifurtimox and related compounds act as redox cyclers, whereas the most active in the series, the 5-nitroimidazole megazol essentially acts as thiol scavenger particularly for trypanothione, the cofactor for trypanothione reductase, an essential enzyme in the detoxification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Diego Maya
- Faculty of Medicine, ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Chile, P.O. Box 70086, Santiago 7, Chile
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