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Wu C, Geng X, Wan S, Hou H, Yu F, Jia B, Wang L. Cecropin-P17, an analog of Cecropin B, inhibits human hepatocellular carcinoma cell HepG-2 proliferation via regulation of ROS, Caspase, Bax, and Bcl-2. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:661-8. [PMID: 26010398 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cecropin-P17 is a peptide derived from Cecropin B. In this study, we investigated the effects and relative mechanisms of Cecropin-P17 in a human liver cancer cell line (HepG-2) in vitro and in vivo. A cell viability assay, Annexin V/propidium iodide assay, western blot, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and a tumor-xenograft model were applied to elucidate the mechanism exerted by Cecropin-P17 on HepG-2 cells. Cecropin-P17 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG-2 cells and demonstrated low cytotoxicity to normal liver cells in vitro. The apoptotic rate of HepG-2 cells was increased after Cecropin-P17 treatment together with increased production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, Cecropin-P17 stimulated caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax and inhibited Bcl-2 on both the transcriptional and translational levels. Finally, Cecropin-P17 significantly suppressed tumor growth in a HepG-2-bearing nude mouse model. All of these results indicated that Cecropin-P17 could be a potential agent for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wu
- The General Department of the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Xiaoping Geng
- The General Department of the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Shengyun Wan
- The General Department of the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Hui Hou
- The General Department of the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Fanzong Yu
- The General Department of the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Benli Jia
- The General Department of the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Lei Wang
- The General Department of the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
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352
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Barnes VL, Bhat A, Unnikrishnan A, Heydari AR, Arking R, Pile LA. SIN3 is critical for stress resistance and modulates adult lifespan. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 6:645-60. [PMID: 25133314 PMCID: PMC4169859 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Coordinate control of gene activity is critical for fitness and longevity of an organism. The SIN3 histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex functions as a transcriptional repressor of many genes. SIN3-regulated genes include those that encode proteins affecting multiple aspects of mitochondrial function, such as energy production and stress responsiveness, important for health maintenance. Here we used Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism to examine the role of SIN3 in the regulation of fitness and longevity. Adult flies with RNA interference (RNAi) induced knockdown expression of Sin3A have reduced climbing ability; an activity that likely requires fully functional mitochondria. Additionally, compared to wild type, adult Sin3A knockdown flies were more sensitive to oxidative stress. Interestingly, media supplementation with the antioxidant glutathione largely restored fly tolerance to oxidative stress. Although Sin3A knockdown flies exhibited decreased longevity compared to wild type, no significant changes in expression of many well-categorized aging genes were observed. We found, however, that Sin3A knockdown corresponded to a significant reduction in expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the de novo synthesis of glutathione. Taken together, the data support a model whereby SIN3 regulates a gene expression program required for proper mitochondrial function and effective stress response during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L Barnes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Abhineeth Bhat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Archana Unnikrishnan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202,USA
| | - Ahmad R Heydari
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202,USA
| | - Robert Arking
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Lori A Pile
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
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353
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Sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide attenuates production of inflammatory mediators by suppressing the Toll-like receptor-4-mediated activation of the Akt, mTOR, and NF-κB pathways. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:921-30. [PMID: 25971793 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microbial product lipopolysaccharide has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. Parthenolide present in extracts of the herb feverfew has demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the effect of parthenolide on the Akt/mTOR and NF-κB pathway activation-induced productions of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes has not been studied. Using human keratinocytes, we investigated the effect of parthenolide on the inflammatory mediator production in relation to the Toll-like receptor-4-mediated-Akt/mTOR and NF-κB pathways, which regulate the transcription genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Parthenolide, Akt inhibitor, Bay 11-7085, and N-acetylcysteine each attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of IL-1β and PGE2, increase in the levels of cyclooxygenase, formation of reactive oxygen species, increase in the levels of Toll-like receptor-4, and activation of the Akt/mTOR and NF-κB in keratinocytes. The results show that parthenolide appears to attenuate the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes by suppressing the Toll-like receptor-4-mediated activation of the Akt, mTOR, and NF-κB pathways. The activation of signaling transduction pathways appear to be regulated by reactive oxygen species. Parthenolide appears to attenuate the microbial product-mediated inflammatory skin diseases.
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354
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Li S, Guo J, Ying Z, Chen S, Yang L, Chen K, Long Q, Qin D, Pei D, Liu X. Valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity in Alpers syndrome is associated with mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening-dependent apoptotic sensitivity in an induced pluripotent stem cell model. Hepatology 2015; 61:1730-9. [PMID: 25605636 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Valproic acid (VPA) is widely used to treat epilepsy, migraine, chronic headache, bipolar disorder, and as adjuvant chemotherapy, but potentially causes idiosyncratic liver injury. Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome (AHS), a neurometabolic disorder caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (POLG), is associated with an increased risk of developing fatal VPA hepatotoxicity. However, the mechanistic link of this clinical mystery remains unknown. Here, fibroblasts from 2 AHS patients were reprogrammed to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and then differentiated to hepatocyte-like cells (AHS iPSCs-Hep). Both AHS iPSCs-Hep are more sensitive to VPA-induced mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis than controls, showing more activated caspase-9 and cytochrome c release. Strikingly, levels of both soluble and oligomeric optic atrophy 1, which together keep cristae junctions tight, are reduced in AHS iPSCs-Hep. Furthermore, POLG mutation cells show reduced POLG expression, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) amount, mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production, as well as abnormal mitochondrial ultrastructure after differentiation to hepatocyte-like cells. Superoxide flashes, spontaneous bursts of superoxide generation, caused by opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), occur more frequently in AHS iPSCs-Hep. Moreover, the mPTP inhibitor, cyclosporine A, rescues VPA-induced apoptotic sensitivity in AHS iPSCs-Hep. This result suggests that targeting mPTP opening could be an effective method to prevent hepatotoxicity by VPA in AHS patients. In addition, carnitine or N-acetylcysteine, which has been used in the treatment of VPA-induced hepatotoxicity, is able to rescue VPA-induced apoptotic sensitivity in AHS iPSCs-Hep. CONCLUSION AHS iPSCs-Hep are more sensitive to the VPA-induced mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway, and this effect is mediated by mPTP opening. Toxicity models in genetic diseases using iPSCs enable the evaluation of drugs for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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355
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Wu J, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Luo L, Li M, Wang J, Yu H, Liu G, Yang L, Xiong G, Zhou JM, Zuo J, Wang Y, Li J. Deficient plastidic fatty acid synthesis triggers cell death by modulating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Cell Res 2015; 25:621-33. [PMID: 25906995 PMCID: PMC4423084 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2015.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is of fundamental importance to development and defense in animals and plants. In plants, a well-recognized form of PCD is hypersensitive response (HR) triggered by pathogens, which involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other signaling molecules. While the mitochondrion is a master regulator of PCD in animals, the chloroplast is known to regulate PCD in plants. Arabidopsis Mosaic Death 1 (MOD1), an enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase essential for fatty acid biosynthesis in chloroplasts, negatively regulates PCD in Arabidopsis. Here we report that PCD in mod1 results from accumulated ROS and can be suppressed by mutations in mitochondrial complex I components, and that the suppression is confirmed by pharmaceutical inhibition of the complex I-generated ROS. We further show that intact mitochondria are required for full HR and optimum disease resistance to the Pseudomonas syringae bacteria. These findings strongly indicate that the ROS generated in the electron transport chain in mitochondria plays a key role in triggering plant PCD and highlight an important role of the communication between chloroplast and mitochondrion in the control of PCD in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] Current address: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lilan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guifu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liusha Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianru Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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356
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Bar-Am O, Amit T, Youdim MB, Weinreb O. Neuroprotective and neurorestorative potential of propargylamine derivatives in ageing: focus on mitochondrial targets. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 123:125-35. [PMID: 25859841 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial theory of ageing proposes that accumulation of damage to mitochondrial function and DNA mutation lead to ageing of humans and animals. It has been suggested that mitochondria play dynamic roles in regulating synaptogenesis and morphological/functional responses of synaptic activity, and thus, deteriorating of mitochondrial function (e.g., deficits of the mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, reduced calcium influx, increased accumulation of mitochondrial DNA defects/apoptotic proteins and impairment of mitochondrial membrane potential) can lead to severe neuronal energy deficit, and in the long run, to modifications in neuronal synapses and neurodegeneration in the ageing brain. Hence, considering the mechanisms by which mitochondrial impairment can lead to neuronal death, the development of neuroprotective molecules that target various mitochondrial pathogenic processes can be effective in the treatment of ageing and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. This review addresses several aspects of the neuroprotective effects of propargylamine derivatives (e.g., the monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors, selegiline and rasagiline and the multifunctional drugs, ladostigil, M30 and VAR10303) in ageing with a special focus on mitochondrial molecular protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Bar-Am
- Eve Topf Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, P.O.B. 9697, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Amit
- Eve Topf Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, P.O.B. 9697, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moussa B Youdim
- Eve Topf Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, P.O.B. 9697, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Orly Weinreb
- Eve Topf Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, P.O.B. 9697, 31096, Haifa, Israel.
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357
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Lee DH, Nam YJ, Lee CS. Quercetin-3-O-(2″-galloyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside attenuates cholesterol oxidation product-induced apoptosis by suppressing NF-κB-mediated cell death process in differentiated PC12 cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:869-81. [PMID: 25845326 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol oxidation products are suggested to be involved in neuronal cell degeneration. We examined the preventive effect of quercetin-3-O-(2″-galloyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (QGR), a quercetin derivative, on the cholesterol oxidation product-induced neuronal cell death using differentiated PC12 cells in relation to nuclear factor (NF)-κB-mediated apoptotic process. 7-Ketocholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol induced a decrease in the levels of BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (Bid) and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), increase in the levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and p53, loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, cytochrome c release, activation of caspases, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1). 7-Ketocholesterol induced increase in cytosolic and nuclear NF-κB p65, nuclear phospho-NF-κB p65, cytosolic NF-κB p50, and cytosolic phospho-IκB-α levels. The addition of QGR, N-acetyl cysteine, or Bay 11-7085 attenuated the cholesterol oxidation product-induced changes in the apoptosis-related protein levels, activation of NF-κB, formation of reactive oxygen species, depletion of glutathione (GSH), nuclear damage, and cell death. The results show that QGR may attenuate the cholesterol oxidation product-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by suppressing the activation of the mitochondrial pathway and the caspase-8- and Bid-dependent pathways that is mediated by NF-κB activation. The preventive effect appears to be associated with the inhibitory effect on the formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21plus Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, South Korea
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358
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Weiss CN, Ito K. DNA damage: a sensible mediator of the differentiation decision in hematopoietic stem cells and in leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6183-201. [PMID: 25789504 PMCID: PMC4394526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16036183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult, the source of functionally diverse, mature blood cells are hematopoietic stem cells, a rare population of quiescent cells that reside in the bone marrow niche. Like stem cells in other tissues, hematopoietic stem cells are defined by their ability to self-renew, in order to maintain the stem cell population for the lifetime of the organism, and to differentiate, in order to give rise to the multiple lineages of the hematopoietic system. In recent years, increasing evidence has suggested a role for the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage in the decision for hematopoietic stem cells to exit quiescence and to differentiate. In this review, we will examine recent work supporting the idea that detection of cell stressors, such as oxidative and genetic damage, is an important mediator of cell fate decisions in hematopoietic stem cells. We will explore the benefits of such a system in avoiding the development and progression of malignancies, and in avoiding tissue exhaustion and failure. Additionally, we will discuss new work that examines the accumulation of DNA damage and replication stress in aging hematopoietic stem cells and causes us to rethink ideas of genoprotection in the bone marrow niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary N Weiss
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Departments of Cell Biology/Stem Cell Institute and Medicine, Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Departments of Cell Biology/Stem Cell Institute and Medicine, Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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359
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Different apoptotic pathways activated by oxaliplatin in primary astrocytes vs. colo-rectal cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:5386-99. [PMID: 25761243 PMCID: PMC4394482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16035386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy improves the outcomes of metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Its most significant and dose-limiting side effect is the development of a neuropathic syndrome. The mechanism of the neurotoxicity is unclear. The limited knowledge about differences existing between neurotoxic and antitumor effects hinders the discovery of effective and safe adjuvant therapies. In vitro, we suggested cell-specific activation apoptotic pathways in normal nervous cells (astrocytes) vs. colon-cancer cells (HT-29). In the present research we compared the apoptotic signals evoked by oxaliplatin in astrocytes and HT-29 analyzing the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. In astrocytes, oxaliplatin induced a mitochondrial derangement measured as cytosolic release of cytochrome C, increase in superoxide anion levels and decreased expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Caspase-8, a main initiator of the extrinsic process remained unaltered. On the contrary, in HT-29 oxaliplatin increased caspase-8 activity and Bid expression, thus activating the extrinsic apoptosis, while the Bcl-2 increased expression blocked the mitochondrial damage. Data suggest the preferred activation of the intrinsic apoptosis as oxaliplatin damage signaling in normal nervous cells. The extrinsic pathway prevails in tumor cells indicating a possible strategy for planning new molecules to treat oxaliplatin-dependent neurotoxicity without negatively influence chemotherapy.
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360
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Brook CE, Dobson AP. Bats as 'special' reservoirs for emerging zoonotic pathogens. Trends Microbiol 2015; 23:172-80. [PMID: 25572882 PMCID: PMC7126622 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing West African Ebola epidemic highlights a recurring trend in the zoonotic emergence of virulent pathogens likely to come from bat reservoirs that has caused epidemiologists to ask 'Are bats special reservoirs for emerging zoonotic pathogens?' We collate evidence from the past decade to delineate mitochondrial mechanisms of bat physiology that have evolved to mitigate oxidative stress incurred during metabolically costly activities such as flight. We further describe how such mechanisms might have generated pleiotropic effects responsible for tumor mitigation and pathogen control in bat hosts. These synergisms may enable 'special' tolerance of intracellular pathogens in bat hosts; paradoxically, this may leave them more susceptible to immunopathological morbidity when attempting to clear extracellular infections such as 'white-nose syndrome' (WNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara E Brook
- Princeton University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 105 Guyot Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Andrew P Dobson
- Princeton University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 105 Guyot Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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361
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Moon E, Park HM, Lee CH, Do SG, Park JM, Han NY, Do MH, Lee JH, Lee H, Kim SY. Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase as a potential UVB target in skin epidermis; using an integrated approach of label-free quantitative proteomics and targeted metabolite analysis. J Proteomics 2015; 117:70-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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362
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Mitochondrial Ca2+-dependent NLRP3 activation exacerbates the Pseudomonas aeruginosa-driven inflammatory response in cystic fibrosis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6201. [PMID: 25648527 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The common pathological manifestation of cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with an excessive lung inflammatory response characterized by interleukin-1β accumulation. CF airway epithelial cells show an exacerbated pro-inflammatory response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa; however, it is unclear whether this heightened inflammatory response is intrinsic to cells lacking CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Here we demonstrate that the degree and quality of the inflammatory response in CF are supported by P. aeruginosa-dependent mitochondrial perturbation, in which flagellin is the inducer and mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter (MCU) is a signal-integrating organelle member for NLRP3 activation and IL-1β and IL-18 processing. Our work elucidates the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by mitochondrial Ca(2+) in the P. aeruginosa-dependent inflammatory response and deepens our understanding of the significance of mitochondria in the Ca(2+)-dependent control of inflammation.
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363
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Interstitial lung disease: NHLBI Workshop on the Primary Prevention of Chronic Lung Diseases. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015; 11 Suppl 3:S169-77. [PMID: 24754826 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201312-429ld] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Population-based, longitudinal studies spanning decades linking risk factors in childhood, adolescence and early adulthood to incident clinical interstitial lung disease (ILD) events in late adulthood have not been performed. In addition, no observational or randomized clinical trials have been conducted; therefore, there is presently no evidence to support the notion that reduction of risk factor levels in early life prevents ILD events in adult life. Primary prevention strategies are host-directed interventions designed to modify adverse risk factors (i.e., smoking) with the goal of preventing the development of ILD, whereas primordial prevention for ILD can be defined as the elimination of external risk factors (i.e., environmental pollutants). As no ILD primary prevention studies have been previously conducted, we propose that research studies that promote implementation of primary prevention strategies could, over time, make a subset of ILD preventable. Herein, we provide a number of initial steps required for the future implementation of prevention strategies; this statement discusses the rationale and available evidence that support potential opportunities for primordial and primary prevention, as well as fertile areas for future research of preventive intervention in ILD.
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364
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Ro SH, Semple I, Ho A, Park HW, Lee JH. Sestrin2, a Regulator of Thermogenesis and Mitohormesis in Brown Adipose Tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:114. [PMID: 26257706 PMCID: PMC4513567 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sestrin2 is a stress-inducible protein that functions as an antioxidant and inhibitor of mTOR complex 1. In a recent study, we found that Sestrin2 overexpression in brown adipocytes interfered with normal metabolism by reducing mitochondrial respiration through the suppression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. The metabolic effects of Sestrin2 in brown adipocytes were dependent on its antioxidant activity, and chemical antioxidants produced similar effects in inhibiting UCP1-dependent thermogenesis. These observations suggest that low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in brown adipocytes can actually be beneficial and necessary for proper metabolic homeostasis. In addition, considering that Sestrins are ROS inducible and perform ROS detoxifying as well as other metabolism-controlling functions, they are potential regulators of mitohormesis. This is a concept in which overall beneficial effects result from low-level oxidative stress stimuli, such as the ones induced by caloric restriction or physical exercise. In this perspective, we incorporate our recent insight obtained from the Sestrin2 study toward a better understanding of the relationship between ROS, Sestrin2, and mitochondrial metabolism in the context of brown adipocyte physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Ro
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ian Semple
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Allison Ho
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hwan-Woo Park
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- *Correspondence: Jun Hee Lee, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, 3019 BSRB, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,
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Lu J, Shen Y, Qian HY, Liu LJ, Zhou BC, Xiao Y, Mao JN, An GY, Rui MZ, Wang T, Zhu CL. Effects of mild hypothermia on the ROS and expression of caspase-3 mRNA and LC3 of hippocampus nerve cells in rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. World J Emerg Med 2014; 5:298-305. [PMID: 25548605 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac arrest (CA) is a common and serious event in emergency medicine. Despite recent improvements in resuscitation techniques, the survival rate of patients with CA is unchanged. The present study was undertaken to observe the effect of mild hypothermia (MH) on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the effect of neurological function and related mechanisms. METHODS Sixty-five healthy male Sprague Dawley (SD) adult rats were randomly (random number) divided into 2 groups: blank control group (n=5) and CPR group (n=60). CA was induced by asphyxia. The surviving rats were randomly (random number) divided into two groups: normothermia CPR group (NT) and hypothermia CPR group (HT). Normothermia of 37 °C was maintained in the NT group after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), hypothermal intervention of 32 °C was carried out in the HT group for 4 hours immediately after ROSC. Both the NT and HT groups were then randomly divided into 2 subgroups 12 hours and 24 hours after ROSC (NT-12, NT-24, HT-12, HT-24 subgroups). During observation, the neurological deficit scores (NDSs) was recorded, then the bilateral hippocampi were obtained from rats' head, and monoplast suspension of fresh hippocampus tissue was made immediately to determine the level of intracellular ROS by flow cytometry. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultramicro changes of cellular nucleus and mitochondria. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of caspase-3 mRNA, and western-blotting (WB) was used to determine the level of LC3 in frozen hippocampus tissue. Measured data were analyzed with paired sample t test and One-Way ANOVA. RESULTS Of 60 rats with CA, 44 (73%) were successfully resuscitated and 33 (55%) survived until the end of the experiment. The NDSs of rats in the NT and HT groups were more significantly reduced than those in the BC group (F=8.107, P<0.05), whereas the NDSs of rats in the HT-12 and HT-24 subgroups were significantly increased in comparison with those NDSs of rats in the NT-12 and NT-24 subgroups, respectively (t=9.692, P<0.001; t=14.374, P<0.001). The ROS in hippocampus nerve cells in the NT and HT groups significantly increased compared to the BC group (F=16.824, P<0.05), whereas the ROS in the HT-12 and HT-24 subgroups significantly reduced compared with that ROS in the NT-12 and NT-24 subgroups, respectively (t=9.836, P<0.001; t=7.499, P<0.001). The expression of caspase-3 mRNA in hippocampus nerve cells in the NT and HT groups were significantly increased compared to the BC group (F=24.527, P<0.05), whereas the expression of caspase-3 mRNA in rats of the HT-12 and HT-24 subgroups was significantly reduced compared to the NT-12 and NT-24 subgroups, respectively (t=6.935, P<0.001; t=4.317, P<0.001). The expression of LC3B-II/I in hippocampus nerve cells of rats in the NT and HT groups significantly increased compared to the BC group (F=6.584, P<0.05), whereas the expression of LC3B-II/I in rats of the HT-12 and HT-24 subgroups significantly reduced compared to the NT-12 and NT-24 subgroups, respectively (t=10.836, P<0.001; t=2.653, P=0.02). Ultrastructure damage of nucleus and mitochondria in the NT group was more evident than in the BC group, and eumorphism of nucleus and mitochondria were maintained in rats of the HT group compared with the NT group. CONCLUSION Mild hypothermia lessened the injury of nerve cells and improved the neurological function of rats that survived from cardiac arrest by reducing the ROS production of nerve cells and inhibiting the expression of caspase-3 mRNA and LC3, leading to cellular apoptosis and massive autophagy in rats that survived from cardiac arrest after CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215002, China ; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Hui-Yin Qian
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Li-Jun Liu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Bao-Chun Zhou
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Jin-Ning Mao
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Guo-Yin An
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Ming-Zhong Rui
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Chang-Lai Zhu
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong 226200, China
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Yeh CC, Chang JZC, Yang WH, Chang HH, Lai EHH, Kuo MYP. NADPH oxidase 4 is involved in the triethylene glycol dimethacrylate-induced reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in human embryonic palatal mesenchymal and dental pulp cells. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:1463-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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367
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Yu L, Gao LX, Ma XQ, Hu FX, Li CM, Lu Z. Involvement of superoxide and nitric oxide in BRAF(V600E) inhibitor PLX4032-induced growth inhibition of melanoma cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:1211-7. [PMID: 25363644 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00170b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The BRAF(V600E) inhibitor PLX4032 (Vemurafenib) is an FDA-approved new drug for the treatment of metastatic melanomas, which specifically inhibits the RAS/MEK/ERK signaling pathway to control cell proliferation and adhesion. However, no study has been carried out to investigate the role of intracellular oxidative balance in PLX4032-induced tumor growth inhibition. Herein, for the first time, superoxide (O2˙(-)) and nitric oxide (NO) generated from PLX4032-challenged melanoma cells were monitored using electrochemical sensors and conventional fluorescein staining techniques. Impacts of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine monoacetate (L-NMMA), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, were also examined to demonstrate the specificity of ROS/NO generation and its biological consequences. PLX4032 specifically triggers production of O2˙(-) and NO from BRAF(V600E) mutant A375 cells. SOD and L-NMMA could abolish the PLX4032-induced increase in intracellular O2˙(-) and NO production, thereby rescuing cell growth in BRAF mutant A375 cells (A375(BRAFV600E)). In addition, PLX4032 treatment could decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential in A375(BRAFV600E) cells. The results suggest that PLX4032 can selectively cause ROS production and depolarization of mitochondrial membranes, potentially initiating apoptosis and growth inhibition of PLX4032-sensitive cells. This work not only proposes a new mechanism for PLX4032-induced melanoma cell inhibition, but also highlights potential applications of electrochemical biosensors in cell biology and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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368
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Rimessi A, Bonora M, Marchi S, Patergnani S, Marobbio CMT, Lasorsa FM, Pinton P. Perturbed mitochondrial Ca2+signals as causes or consequences of mitophagy induction. Autophagy 2014; 9:1677-86. [DOI: 10.4161/auto.24795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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369
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Lee SK, Mortensen LJ, Lin CP, Tung CH. An authentic imaging probe to track cell fate from beginning to end. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5216. [PMID: 25323442 PMCID: PMC4852472 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate tracing of cell viability is critical for optimizing delivery methods and evaluating the efficacy and safety of cell therapeutics. A nanoparticle-based cell tracker is developed to image cell fate from live to dead. The particle is fabricated from two types of optically quenched polyelectrolytes, a life indicator and a death indicator, through electrostatic interactions. On incubation with cells, the fabricated bifunctional nanoprobes are taken up efficiently and the first colour is produced by normal intracellular proteolysis, reflecting the healthy status of the cells. Depending on the number of coated layers, the signal can persist for several replication cycles. However, as the cells begin dying, the second colour appears quickly to reflect the new cell status. Using this chameleon-like cell tracker, live cells can be distinguished from apoptotic and necrotic cells instantly and definitively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Koo Lee
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 East 69th Street, Box 290, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Luke J Mortensen
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Charles P Lin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Ching-Hsuan Tung
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 East 69th Street, Box 290, New York, New York 10021, USA
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370
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Peng X, Meng J, Chi T, Liu P, Man C, Liu S, Guo Y, Jiang Y. Lactobacillus plantarum NDC 75017 alleviates the learning and memory ability in aging rats by reducing mitochondrial dysfunction. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1841-1846. [PMID: 25371742 PMCID: PMC4218708 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of Lactobacillus plantarum NDC 75017 on D-galactose (D-gal)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the rat cerebral cortex. Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=10 in each group). The rats in the aging model group were subcutaneously injected with 100 mg/kg D-gal and those in the protective groups were additionally orally administered L. plantarum NDC 75017 at doses of 1×108, 1×109 or 1×1010 CFU/100 mg body weight/day, respectively. The control rats were administrated an equal volume of the vehicle. Following continuous treatment for seven weeks, the learning and memory abilities and mitochondrial ultrastructure, function and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were examined. The results showed that the learning and memory abilities and mitochondrial levels of ATP were significantly decreased in the D-gal-induced aging model group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). In addition, marked changes in the mitochondrial functions and ultrastructure were observed between the groups. Seven weeks of L. plantarum NDC 75017 and D-gal coadministration significantly improved the learning and memory abilities of the rats compared with the D-gal-induced aging model group. Furthermore, the combination regime significantly improved the mitochondrial ultrastructure and functions, including the mitochondrial respiratory chain, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial permeability transition. The results revealed that the L. plantarum NDC 75017 was able to alleviate learning and memory injuries in aging rats by reducing the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by D-gal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Peng
- National Research Centre of Dairy Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, P.R. China ; Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China ; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China ; College of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, P.R. China
| | - Jiong Meng
- National Research Centre of Dairy Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, P.R. China
| | - Tao Chi
- National Research Centre of Dairy Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, P.R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- National Research Centre of Dairy Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, P.R. China
| | - Chaoxin Man
- National Research Centre of Dairy Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, P.R. China
| | - Shaomin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yujun Jiang
- National Research Centre of Dairy Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, P.R. China ; Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China ; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
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371
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Yan X, Liang F, Li D, Zheng J. Ouabain elicits human glioblastoma cells apoptosis by generating reactive oxygen species in ERK-p66SHC-dependent pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 398:95-104. [PMID: 25217205 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation has been implicated as one of main agents in ouabain-induced anticancer effect. Unfortunately, the signaling pathways under it are not very clarified. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism involved in ouabain-induced ROS generation and cell apoptosis on human U373MG and U87MG glioma cells. Ouabain-induced glioblastoma cells apoptosis and increased ROS generation. Clearance ROS by three different ROS scavenger partly, but not totally, reversed ouabain's effect on cell apoptosis. Ouabain-induced ROS generation was not regulated by calcium overload, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidation, but by p66Shc phosphorylation. Ouabain treatment increased p66Shc Ser36 phosphorylation. Knockdown of p66Shc by siRNA significantly inhibited ROS generations in response to ouabain. Ouabain-induced p66Shc phosphorylation through Src/Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signal pathway. Our results uncovered a novel signaling pathway with p66Shc, ouabain-induced ROS generation, and glioblastoma cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China,
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372
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Huang W, Li D, Liu Y. Mitochondrial electron transport chain is involved in microcystin-RR induced tobacco BY-2 cells apoptosis. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:1930-5. [PMID: 25193844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-RR (MC-RR) has been suggested to induce apoptosis in tobacco BY-2 cells through mitochondrial dysfunction including the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). To further elucidate the mechanisms involved in MC-RR induced apoptosis in tobacco BY-2 cells, we have investigated the role of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) as a potential source for reactive oxygen species (ROS). Tobacco BY-2 cells after exposure to MC-RR (60mg/L) displayed apoptotic changes in association with an increased production of ROS and loss of ΔΨm. All of these adverse effects were significantly attenuated by ETC inhibitors including Rotenone (2μmol/L, complex I inhibitor) and antimycin A (0.01μmol/L, complex III inhibitor), but not by thenoyltrifluoroacetone (5μmol/L, complex II inhibitor). These results suggest that mitochondrial ETC plays a key role in mediating MC-RR induced apoptosis in tobacco BY-2 cells through an increased mitochondrial production of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Dunhai Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yongding Liu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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373
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Yang L, Wang X, Yang X. Possible antioxidant mechanism of melanoidins extract from Shanxi aged vinegar in mitophagy-dependent and mitophagy-independent pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8616-8622. [PMID: 25102123 DOI: 10.1021/jf501690e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Melanoidins are widely reported to have antioxidant activity; however, their mechanism has not been frequently studied. In this study, we found that melanoidins from Shanxi aged vinegar induced mitopahgy, the specific autophagic elimination of mitochondria, as assessed by up-regulation of the autophagy markers LC3-II and Beclin1 as well as degradation of the autophagy substrate p62 and mitochondrial proteins. Melanoidins reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in normal human liver cells and mouse livers through a mitophagy-dependent pathway, by the observation that the reducing ROS effect of melanoidins was partially lost when mitophagy was inhibited by chloroquine. Impaired Akt signaling was found in cells treated with melanoidins, which might explain the activation of autophagy induced by melanoidins. These results suggest that in addition to direct free radical scavenging activity, melanoidins decreased ROS levels through mitophagy in which damaged mitochondria, the source of ROS, were degraded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
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374
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Morciano G, Giorgi C, Bonora M, Punzetti S, Pavasini R, Wieckowski MR, Campo G, Pinton P. Molecular identity of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its role in ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 78:142-53. [PMID: 25172387 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition is a key event in cell death. Intense research efforts have been focused on elucidating the molecular components of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) to improve the understanding and treatment of various pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer and cardiac diseases. Several molecular factors have been proposed as core components of the mPTP; however, further investigation has indicated that these factors are among a wide range of regulators. Thus, the scientific community lacks a clear model of the mPTP. Here, we review the molecular factors involved in the regulation and formation of the mPTP. Furthermore, we propose that the mitochondrial ATP synthase, specifically its c subunit, is the central core component of the mPTP complex. Moreover, we discuss the involvement of the mPTP in ischemia and reperfusion as well as the results of clinical studies targeting the mPTP to ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion injury. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Mitochondria: From Basic Mitochondrial Biology to Cardiovascular Disease".
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Punzetti
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna and LTTA Center, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rita Pavasini
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna and LTTA Center, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gianluca Campo
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna and LTTA Center, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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375
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Yang Q, Shi L, Huang K, Xu W. Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against DNA damage and S-phase arrest induced by ochratoxin A in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 70:40-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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376
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Xu X, Wang G, Zhou T, Chen L, Chen J, Shen X. Novel approaches to drug discovery for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:1047-58. [PMID: 25054271 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.941352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, complex and multifactorial metabolic disorder, which has become a serious global health problem. The side effects of known drugs and the deficiency of long-term safety data, in addition to the already determined adverse effects for the current preclinical drugs against T2DM, have largely called upon the urgent exploration of novel therapeutic and preventative strategies against this disease. AREAS COVERED The authors highlight the potential approaches for anti-T2DM drug discovery by focusing on: the restoration of pancreatic β-cell mass, the promotion of insulin secretion, the regulation of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the modulation of autophagy. EXPERT OPINION T2DM is based on the gradual development of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Thus, the restoration of β-cell function is considered as one of the promising therapeutic strategies against T2DM. The stress factors, such as oxidative stress, ER stress and autophagy, play potent roles in the regulation of β-cell apoptosis, insulin secretion and sensitivity in the development of T2DM involving complicated cross-talks. Based on multiplex stress-involved regulatory networks, more and more novel potential targets have been discovered and the multi-targeted drug leads are expected to help develop more effective clinical agents for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203 , China ; ;
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377
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Wang A, Keita ÅV, Phan V, McKay CM, Schoultz I, Lee J, Murphy MP, Fernando M, Ronaghan N, Balce D, Yates R, Dicay M, Beck PL, MacNaughton WK, Söderholm JD, McKay DM. Targeting mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species to reduce epithelial barrier dysfunction and colitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2516-27. [PMID: 25034594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial permeability is often increased in inflammatory bowel diseases. We hypothesized that perturbed mitochondrial function would cause barrier dysfunction and hence epithelial mitochondria could be targeted to treat intestinal inflammation. Mitochondrial dysfunction was induced in human colon-derived epithelial cell lines or colonic biopsy specimens using dinitrophenol, and barrier function was assessed by transepithelial flux of Escherichia coli with or without mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (MTA) cotreatment. The impact of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants on gut permeability and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice was tested. Mitochondrial superoxide evoked by dinitrophenol elicited significant internalization and translocation of E. coli across epithelia and control colonic biopsy specimens, which was more striking in Crohn's disease biopsy specimens; the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, MitoTEMPO, inhibited these barrier defects. Increased gut permeability and reduced epithelial mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel expression were observed 3 days after DSS. These changes and the severity of DSS-colitis were reduced by MitoTEMPO treatment. In vitro DSS-stimulated IL-8 production by epithelia was reduced by MitoTEMPO. Metabolic stress evokes significant penetration of commensal bacteria across the epithelium, which is mediated by mitochondria-derived superoxide acting as a signaling, not a cytotoxic, molecule. MitoTEMPO inhibited this barrier dysfunction and suppressed colitis in DSS-colitis, likely via enhancing barrier function and inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine production. These novel findings support consideration of MTAs in the maintenance of epithelial barrier function and the management of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Wang
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Åsa V Keita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Surgery, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Van Phan
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine M McKay
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ida Schoultz
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, the Faculty of Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Joshua Lee
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Maria Fernando
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Natalie Ronaghan
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dale Balce
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robin Yates
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Dicay
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul L Beck
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wallace K MacNaughton
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Johan D Söderholm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Surgery, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Derek M McKay
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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378
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Javadov S, Jang S, Agostini B. Crosstalk between mitogen-activated protein kinases and mitochondria in cardiac diseases: therapeutic perspectives. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 144:202-25. [PMID: 24924700 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases cause more mortality and morbidity worldwide than any other diseases. Although many intracellular signaling pathways influence cardiac physiology and pathology, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family has garnered significant attention because of its vast implications in signaling and crosstalk with other signaling networks. The extensively studied MAPKs ERK1/2, p38, JNK, and ERK5, demonstrate unique intracellular signaling mechanisms, responding to a myriad of mitogens and stressors and influencing the signaling of cardiac development, metabolism, performance, and pathogenesis. Definitive relationships between MAPK signaling and cardiac dysfunction remain elusive, despite 30 years of extensive clinical studies and basic research of various animal/cell models, severities of stress, and types of stimuli. Still, several studies have proven the importance of MAPK crosstalk with mitochondria, powerhouses of the cell that provide over 80% of ATP for normal cardiomyocyte function and play a crucial role in cell death. Although many questions remain unanswered, there exists enough evidence to consider the possibility of targeting MAPK-mitochondria interactions in the prevention and treatment of heart disease. The goal of this review is to integrate previous studies into a discussion of MAPKs and MAPK-mitochondria signaling in cardiac diseases, such as myocardial infarction (ischemia), hypertrophy and heart failure. A comprehensive understanding of relevant molecular mechanisms, as well as challenges for studies in this area, will facilitate the development of new pharmacological agents and genetic manipulations for therapy of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, PR, USA.
| | - Sehwan Jang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, PR, USA
| | - Bryan Agostini
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, PR, USA
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379
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Otali D, Novak RJ, Wan W, Bu S, Moellering DR, De Luca M. Increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and reduced adult life span in an insecticide-resistant strain of Anopheles gambiae. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2014; 104:323-33. [PMID: 24555527 PMCID: PMC4008687 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485314000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Control of the malaria vector An. gambiae is still largely obtained through chemical intervention using pyrethroids, such as permethrin. However, strains of An. gambiae that are resistant to the toxic effects of pyrethroids have become widespread in several endemic areas over the last decade. The objective of this study was to assess differences in five life-history traits (larval developmental time and the body weight, fecundity, hatch rate, and longevity of adult females) and energy metabolism between a strain of An. gambiae that is resistant to permethrin (RSP), due to knockdown resistance and enhanced metabolic detoxification, and a permethrin susceptible strain reared under laboratory conditions. We also quantified the expression levels of five antioxidant enzyme genes: GSTe3, CAT, GPXH1, SOD1, and SOD2. We found that the RSP strain had a longer developmental time than the susceptible strain. Additionally, RSP adult females had higher wet body weight and increased water and glycogen levels. Compared to permethrin susceptible females, RSP females displayed reduced metabolic rate and mitochondrial coupling efficiency and higher mitochondrial ROS production. Furthermore, despite higher levels of GSTe3 and CAT transcripts, RSP females had a shorter adult life span than susceptible females. Collectively, these results suggest that permethrin resistance alleles might affect energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and adult survival of An. gambiae. However, because the strains used in this study differ in their genetic backgrounds, the results need to be interpreted with caution and replicated in other strains to have significant implications for malaria transmission and vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Otali
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2 Ave. South, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170, USA
- Corresponding Author: Dennis Otali, Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Campbell Hall 464, 1720 2 Ave S, Birmingham AL 35294-1170, Phone: (+1) 205-975-6205, Fax: (+1) 205-975-7128,
| | - Robert J. Novak
- William C Gorgas Center for Geographic Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2170, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Wen Wan
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, P.O. Box 980032, Richmond, VA 23298-0032, USA
| | - Su Bu
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2 Ave. South, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, USA
| | - Douglas R. Moellering
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2 Ave. South, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, USA
| | - Maria De Luca
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2 Ave. South, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, USA
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380
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Tian G, Sawashita J, Kubo H, Nishio SY, Hashimoto S, Suzuki N, Yoshimura H, Tsuruoka M, Wang Y, Liu Y, Luo H, Xu Z, Mori M, Kitano M, Hosoe K, Takeda T, Usami SI, Higuchi K. Ubiquinol-10 supplementation activates mitochondria functions to decelerate senescence in senescence-accelerated mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2606-20. [PMID: 24124769 PMCID: PMC4025630 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study was conducted to define the relationship between the anti-aging effect of ubiquinol-10 supplementation and mitochondrial activation in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 1 (SAMP1) mice. RESULTS Here, we report that dietary supplementation with ubiquinol-10 prevents age-related decreases in the expression of sirtuin gene family members, which results in the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a major factor that controls mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration, as well as superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), which are major mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes. Ubiquinol-10 supplementation can also increase mitochondrial complex I activity and decrease levels of oxidative stress markers, including protein carbonyls, apurinic/apyrimidinic sites, malondialdehydes, and increase the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. Furthermore, ubiquinol-10 may activate Sirt1 and PGC-1α by increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels that, in turn, activate cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION These results show that ubiquinol-10 may enhance mitochondrial activity by increasing levels of SIRT1, PGC-1α, and SIRT3 that slow the rate of age-related hearing loss and protect against the progression of aging and symptoms of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Tian
- 1 Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine , Matsumoto, Japan
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381
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Wu J, Niu J, Li X, Wang X, Guo Z, Zhang F. TGF-β1 induces senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via increase of mitochondrial ROS production. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2014; 14:21. [PMID: 24886313 PMCID: PMC4031602 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-14-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (bmMSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into diverse cell types, including cardiomyocytes. BmMSC-based transplantation is capable of repairing acute and chronic myocardial infarction. Prior to the transplantation, MSCs are usually induced in vitro by biological reagents and chemicals for directional differentiation. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is one of the most commonly used biological reagents for induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation of bmMSCs. Previous studies have shown that TGF-β induces senescence in several cell types. However, whether TGF-β affects senescence of bmMSCs has not been elucidated. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of TGF-β1 on senescence of bmMSCs and the underlying mechanisms. Results We found that TGF-β1 increased activity of senescence-associated-galactosidase (SA-Gal) and production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) in bmMSCs in a dose-dependent manner. TGF-β1 also significantly decreased expression of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and Id1, and increased expression of 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) subunits and p16 in bmMSCs in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-treatment with mtROS inhibitor acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR, 0.1 mM) significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced mtROS production and SA-Gal activity. Conclusion TGF-β1 can induce senescence of bmMSCs, which at least partially depends on mtROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fenxi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
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382
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Marchi S, Giorgi C, Oparka M, Duszynski J, Wieckowski MR, Pinton P. Oncogenic and oncosuppressive signal transduction at mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e956469. [PMID: 27308328 PMCID: PMC4905193 DOI: 10.4161/23723548.2014.956469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The different mechanisms employed by proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors to regulate cell death pathways are strictly linked to their localization. In addition to the canonical control of apoptosis at a transcriptional/nuclear level, intracellular zones are emerging as pivotal sites for the activities of several proapoptotic and antiapoptotic factors. Here, we review the function of the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria interface as a primary platform for decoding danger signals as well as a structural accommodation for several regulator or effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Marchi
- Department of Morphology; Surgery and Experimental Medicine; Section of Pathology; Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA Center; University of Ferrara; Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology; Surgery and Experimental Medicine; Section of Pathology; Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA Center; University of Ferrara; Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monika Oparka
- Department of Biochemistry; Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology; Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Duszynski
- Department of Biochemistry; Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology; Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Department of Biochemistry; Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology; Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology; Surgery and Experimental Medicine; Section of Pathology; Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA Center; University of Ferrara; Ferrara, Italy
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383
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Uzhachenko R, Ivanov SV, Yarbrough WG, Shanker A, Medzhitov R, Ivanova AV. Fus1/Tusc2 is a novel regulator of mitochondrial calcium handling, Ca2+-coupled mitochondrial processes, and Ca2+-dependent NFAT and NF-κB pathways in CD4+ T cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1533-47. [PMID: 24328503 PMCID: PMC3942676 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Fus1 has been established as mitochondrial tumor suppressor, immunomodulator, and antioxidant protein, but molecular mechanism of these activities remained to be identified. Based on putative calcium-binding and myristoyl-binding domains that we identified in Fus1, we explored our hypothesis that Fus1 regulates mitochondrial calcium handling and calcium-coupled processes. RESULTS Fus1 loss resulted in reduced rate of mitochondrial calcium uptake in calcium-loaded epithelial cells, splenocytes, and activated CD4(+) T cells. The reduced rate of mitochondrial calcium uptake in Fus1-deficient cells correlated with cytosolic calcium increase and dysregulation of calcium-coupled mitochondrial parameters, such as reactive oxygen species production, ΔμH(+), mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and GSH content. Inhibition of calcium efflux via mitochondria, Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger significantly improved the mitochondrial calcium uptake in Fus1(-/-) cells. Ex vivo analysis of activated CD4(+) T cells showed Fus1-dependent changes in calcium-regulated processes, such as surface expression of CD4 and PD1/PD-L1, proliferation, and Th polarization. Fus1(-/-) T cells showed increased basal expression of calcium-dependent NF-κB and NFAT targets but were unable to fully activate these pathways after stimulation. INNOVATION Our results establish Fus1 as one of the few identified regulators of mitochondrial calcium handling. Our data support the idea that alterations in mitochondrial calcium dynamics could lead to the disruption of metabolic coupling in mitochondria that, in turn, may result in multiple cellular and systemic abnormalities. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Fus1 achieves its protective role in inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer via the regulation of mitochondrial calcium and calcium-coupled parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Uzhachenko
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, VICC, Meharry Medical College , Nashville, Tennessee
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384
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Bonora M, De Marchi E, Patergnani S, Suski JM, Celsi F, Bononi A, Giorgi C, Marchi S, Rimessi A, Duszyński J, Pozzan T, Wieckowski MR, Pinton P. Tumor necrosis factor-α impairs oligodendroglial differentiation through a mitochondria-dependent process. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1198-208. [PMID: 24658399 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial defects, affecting parameters such as mitochondrial number and shape, levels of respiratory chain complex components and markers of oxidative stress, have been associated with the appearance and progression of multiple sclerosis. Nevertheless, mitochondrial physiology has never been monitored during oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation, especially in OPCs challenged with proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we show that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibits OPC differentiation, accompanied by altered mitochondrial calcium uptake, mitochondrial membrane potential, and respiratory complex I activity as well as increased reactive oxygen species production. Treatment with a mitochondrial uncoupler (FCCP) to mimic mitochondrial impairment also causes cells to accumulate at the progenitor stage. Interestingly, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels increase during TNF-α exposure and inhibit OPC differentiation. Overall, our data indicate that TNF-α induces metabolic changes, driven by mitochondrial impairment and AMPK activation, leading to the inhibition of OPC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bonora
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - E De Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Patergnani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - J M Suski
- 1] Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy [2] Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - F Celsi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Bononi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Giorgi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Rimessi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - J Duszyński
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Pozzan
- 1] Istituto Veneto di Medicina Molecolare, Fondazione per la Ricerca Biomedica Avanzata, Padua, Italy [2] Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Padua, Italy [3] Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M R Wieckowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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385
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Chen YC, Chien LH, Huang BM, Chia YC. Toona sinensis (aqueous leaf extracts) induces apoptosis through the generation of ROS and activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathways in human renal carcinoma cells. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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386
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Jung HN, Zerin T, Podder B, Song HY, Kim YS. Cytotoxicity and gene expression profiling of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride in human alveolar A549 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:684-92. [PMID: 24583197 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In Korea, lung disease of children and pregnant women associated with humidifier disinfectant use has become a major concern. A common sterilizer is polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG), a member of the guanidine family of antiseptics. This study was done to elucidate the putative cytotoxic effect of PHMG and the PHMG-mediated altered gene expression in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells in vitro. Cell viability analyses revealed the potent cytotoxicity of PHMG, with cell death evident at as low as 5 μg/mL. Death was dose- and time-dependent, and was associated with formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis significantly, at even 2 μg/mL concentration. The gene expression profile in A549 cells following 24 h exposure to 5 μg/mL of PHMG was investigated using DNA microarray analysis. Changes in gene expression relevant to the progression of cell death included induction of genes related to apoptosis, autophagy, fibrosis, and cell cycle. However, the expressions of genes encoding antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes were down-regulated or not affected. The altered expression of selected genes was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. The collective data suggest that PHMG confers cellular toxicity through the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and alteration of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Jung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, South Korea
| | - Tamanna Zerin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, South Korea
| | - Biswajit Podder
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, South Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, South Korea.
| | - Yong-Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, South Korea.
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387
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Graham EJ, Adler FR. Long-term models of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in insulin resistance progression. J Theor Biol 2014; 340:238-50. [PMID: 24076453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, characterized by a reduced cellular response to insulin, is a major factor in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis, with a complex etiology consisting of a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Oxidative stress, which develops through an accumulation of toxic reactive oxygen species generated by mitochondria, is believed to contribute to insulin resistance in certain tissues. We develop mathematical models of feedback between reactive oxygen species production and dysfunction in mitochondria to provide insight into the role of oxidative stress in insulin resistance. Our models indicate that oxidative stress generated by glucose overload accelerates irreversible mitochondrial dysfunction. These models provide a foundation for understanding the long-term progression of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J Graham
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
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388
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Teixeira V, Medeiros TC, Vilaça R, Moradas-Ferreira P, Costa V. Reduced TORC1 signaling abolishes mitochondrial dysfunctions and shortened chronological lifespan of Isc1p-deficient cells. MICROBIAL CELL 2014; 1:21-36. [PMID: 28357207 PMCID: PMC5349163 DOI: 10.15698/mic2014.01.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The target of rapamycin (TOR) is an important signaling pathway on a hierarchical
network of interacting pathways regulating central biological processes, such as
cell growth, stress response and aging. Several lines of evidence suggest a
functional link between TOR signaling and sphingolipid metabolism. Here, we
report that the TORC1-Sch9p pathway is activated in cells lacking Isc1p, the
yeast orthologue of mammalian neutral sphingomyelinase 2. The deletion of
TOR1 or SCH9 abolishes the premature
aging, oxidative stress sensitivity and mitochondrial dysfunctions displayed by
isc1Δ cells and this is correlated with the suppression of
the autophagic flux defect exhibited by the mutant strain. The protective effect
of TOR1 deletion, as opposed to that of SCH9
deletion, is not associated with the attenuation of Hog1p hyperphosphorylation,
which was previously implicated in isc1Δ phenotypes. Our data
support a model in which Isc1p regulates mitochondrial function and
chronological lifespan in yeast through the TORC1-Sch9p pathway although Isc1p
and TORC1 also seem to act through independent pathways, as
isc1Δtor1Δ phenotypes are intermediate to
those displayed by isc1Δ and tor1Δ cells. We
also provide evidence that TORC1 downstream effectors, the type 2A protein
phosphatase Sit4p and the AGC protein kinase Sch9p, integrate nutrient and
stress signals from TORC1 with ceramide signaling derived from Isc1p to regulate
mitochondrial function and lifespan in yeast. Overall, our results show that
TORC1-Sch9p axis is deregulated in Isc1p-deficient cells, contributing to
mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced oxidative stress sensitivity and premature
aging of isc1Δ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Teixeira
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal. ; Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia C Medeiros
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Vilaça
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal. ; Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moradas-Ferreira
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal. ; Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Costa
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal. ; Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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389
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Frezza C. The role of mitochondria in the oncogenic signal transduction. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 48:11-7. [PMID: 24397955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles thought to have evolved from an alphaproteobacterium engulfed by the ancestor of the eukaryotic cell, an archeon, two billion years ago. Although mitochondria are frequently recognised as the "power plant" of the cell, the function of these organelles go beyond the simple generation of ATP. In fact, mounting evidence suggests that mitochondria are involved in several cellular processes, from regulation of cell death to signal transduction. Given this important role in cell physiology, mitochondrial dysfunction has been frequently associated with human diseases including cancer. Importantly, recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial function is directly regulated by oncogenes and tumour suppressors. However, the consequences of deregulation of mitochondrial function in tumour formation are still unclear. In this review, I propose that mitochondria play a pivotal role in shaping the oncogenic signalling cascade and that mitochondrial dysfunction, in some circumstances, is a required step for cancer transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom.
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390
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Yoon OJ, Jung CY, Sohn IY, Son YM, Hwang BU, Kim IJ, Lee NE. Reduction in oxidative stress during cellular responses to chemically functionalised graphene. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:5202-5208. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00478g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-functionalisation of chemically driven graphene (CDG) thin films effectively reduced the ROS generated from cells on the f-CDG films. The results indicate that N2plasma treatment of CDG is very useful in improving biocompatibility for the bio-application of graphene materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Ja Yoon
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Center for Advanced Plasma Surface Technology and Center for Human Interface Nanotechnology
- Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)
- Suwon, Korea
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Chang Yong Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Center for Advanced Plasma Surface Technology and Center for Human Interface Nanotechnology
- Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)
- Suwon, Korea
| | - Il Yung Sohn
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Center for Advanced Plasma Surface Technology and Center for Human Interface Nanotechnology
- Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)
- Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Min Son
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST)
- Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)
- Suwon, Korea
| | - Byeong-Ung Hwang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Center for Advanced Plasma Surface Technology and Center for Human Interface Nanotechnology
- Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)
- Suwon, Korea
| | - Il Jin Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Center for Advanced Plasma Surface Technology and Center for Human Interface Nanotechnology
- Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)
- Suwon, Korea
| | - Nae-Eung Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Center for Advanced Plasma Surface Technology and Center for Human Interface Nanotechnology
- Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)
- Suwon, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST)
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391
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Acin-Perez R, Enriquez JA. The function of the respiratory supercomplexes: the plasticity model. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1837:444-50. [PMID: 24368156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles not only as efficient ATP generators but also in controlling and regulating many cellular processes. Mitochondria are dynamic compartments that rearrange under stress response and changes in food availability or oxygen concentrations. The mitochondrial electron transport chain parallels these rearrangements to achieve an optimum performance and therefore requires a plastic organization within the inner mitochondrial membrane. This consists in a balanced distribution between free respiratory complexes and supercomplexes. The mechanisms by which the distribution and organization of supercomplexes can be adjusted to the needs of the cells are still poorly understood. The aim of this review is to focus on the functional role of the respiratory supercomplexes and its relevance in physiology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Dynamic and ultrastructure of bioenergetic membranes and their components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Acin-Perez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Enriquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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392
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Tao L, Forester SC, Lambert JD. The role of the mitochondrial oxidative stress in the cytotoxic effects of the green tea catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, in oral cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:665-76. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tao
- Center of Excellence for Plant and Mushroom Foods for Health; Department of Food Science; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park; PA USA
| | - Sarah C. Forester
- Center of Excellence for Plant and Mushroom Foods for Health; Department of Food Science; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park; PA USA
| | - Joshua D. Lambert
- Center of Excellence for Plant and Mushroom Foods for Health; Department of Food Science; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park; PA USA
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393
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Yu H, Tigchelaar W, Koonen DPY, Patel HH, de Boer RA, van Gilst WH, Westenbrink BD, Silljé HHW. AKIP1 expression modulates mitochondrial function in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80815. [PMID: 24236204 PMCID: PMC3827472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A kinase interacting protein 1 (AKIP1) is a molecular regulator of protein kinase A and nuclear factor kappa B signalling. Recent evidence suggests AKIP1 is increased in response to cardiac stress, modulates acute ischemic stress response, and is localized to mitochondria in cardiomyocytes. The mitochondrial function of AKIP1 is, however, still elusive. Here, we investigated the mitochondrial function of AKIP1 in a neonatal cardiomyocyte model of phenylephrine (PE)-induced hypertrophy. Using a seahorse flux analyzer we show that PE stimulated the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in cardiomyocytes. This was partially dependent on PE mediated AKIP1 induction, since silencing of AKIP1 attenuated the increase in OCR. Interestingly, AKIP1 overexpression alone was sufficient to stimulate mitochondrial OCR and in particular ATP-linked OCR. This was also true when pyruvate was used as a substrate, indicating that it was independent of glycolytic flux. The increase in OCR was independent of mitochondrial biogenesis, changes in ETC density or altered mitochondrial membrane potential. In fact, the respiratory flux was elevated per amount of ETC, possibly through enhanced ETC coupling. Furthermore, overexpression of AKIP1 reduced and silencing of AKIP1 increased mitochondrial superoxide production, suggesting that AKIP1 modulates the efficiency of electron flux through the ETC. Together, this suggests that AKIP1 overexpression improves mitochondrial function to enhance respiration without excess superoxide generation, thereby implicating a role for AKIP1 in mitochondrial stress adaptation. Upregulation of AKIP1 during different forms of cardiac stress may therefore be an adaptive mechanism to protect the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Yu
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wardit Tigchelaar
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Debby P. Y. Koonen
- Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hemal H. Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Rudolf A. de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiek H. van Gilst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B. Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herman H. W. Silljé
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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394
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A short review on the implications of base excision repair pathway for neurons: relevance to neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrion 2013; 16:38-49. [PMID: 24220222 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative DNA damage results from the attack by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) on human genome. This includes base modifications such as oxidized bases, abasic (AP) sites, and single-strand breaks (SSBs), all of which are repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathway, one among the six known repair pathways. BER-pathway in mammalian cells involves several evolutionarily conserved proteins and is also linked to genome replication and transcription. The BER-pathway enzymes, namely, DNA glycosylases (DGs) and the end-processing proteins such as abasic endonuclease (APE1), form complexes with downstream repair enzymes via protein-protein and DNA-protein interactions. An emerging concept for BER proteins is their involvement in non-canonical functions associated to RNA metabolism, which is opening new interesting perspectives. Various mechanisms that are underlined in maintaining neuronal cell genome integrity are identified, but are inconclusive in providing protection against oxidative damage in neurodegenerative disorders, main emphasis is given towards the role played by the proteins of BER-pathway that is discussed. In addition, mechanisms of action of BER-pathway in nuclear vs. mitochondria as well as the non-canonical functions are discussed in connection to human neurodegenerative diseases.
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395
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Marchi S, Patergnani S, Pinton P. The endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria connection: one touch, multiple functions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1837:461-9. [PMID: 24211533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are tubular organelles with a characteristic "network structure" that facilitates the formation of interorganellar connections. The ER and mitochondria join together at multiple contact sites to form specific domains, termed mitochondria-ER associated membranes (MAMs), with distinct biochemical properties and a characteristic set of proteins. The functions of these two organelles are coordinated and executed at the ER-mitochondria interface, which provides a platform for the regulation of different processes. The roles played by the ER-mitochondria interface range from the coordination of calcium transfer to the regulation of mitochondrial fission and inflammasome formation as well as the provision of membranes for autophagy. The novel and unconventional processes that occur at the ER-mitochondria interface demonstrate its multifunctional and intrinsically dynamic nature. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Dynamic and ultrastructure of bioenergetic membranes and their components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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396
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Alteration of energy substrates and ROS production in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:461967. [PMID: 24288443 PMCID: PMC3833358 DOI: 10.1155/2013/461967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is initiated by alterations in energy substrates. Despite excess of plasma glucose and lipids, the diabetic heart almost exclusively depends on fatty acid degradation. Glycolytic enzymes and transporters are impaired by fatty acid metabolism, leading to accumulation of glucose derivatives. However, fatty acid oxidation yields lower ATP production per mole of oxygen than glucose, causing mitochondrial uncoupling and decreased energy efficiency. In addition, the oxidation of fatty acids can saturate and cause their deposition in the cytosol, where they deviate to induce toxic metabolites or gene expression by nuclear-receptor interaction. Hyperglycemia, the fatty acid oxidation pathway, and the cytosolic storage of fatty acid and glucose/fatty acid derivatives are major inducers of reactive oxygen species. However, the presence of these species can be essential for physiological responses in the diabetic myocardium.
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397
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Hoffmann RF, Zarrintan S, Brandenburg SM, Kol A, de Bruin HG, Jafari S, Dijk F, Kalicharan D, Kelders M, Gosker HR, Ten Hacken NH, van der Want JJ, van Oosterhout AJ, Heijink IH. Prolonged cigarette smoke exposure alters mitochondrial structure and function in airway epithelial cells. Respir Res 2013; 14:97. [PMID: 24088173 PMCID: PMC3852998 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for COPD, leading to chronic airway inflammation. We hypothesized that cigarette smoke induces structural and functional changes of airway epithelial mitochondria, with important implications for lung inflammation and COPD pathogenesis. METHODS We studied changes in mitochondrial morphology and in expression of markers for mitochondrial capacity, damage/biogenesis and fission/fusion in the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B upon 6-months from ex-smoking COPD GOLD stage IV patients to age-matched smoking and never-smoking controls. RESULTS We observed that long-term CSE exposure induces robust changes in mitochondrial structure, including fragmentation, branching and quantity of cristae. The majority of these changes were persistent upon CSE depletion. Furthermore, long-term CSE exposure significantly increased the expression of specific fission/fusion markers (Fis1, Mfn1, Mfn2, Drp1 and Opa1), oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins (Complex II, III and V), and oxidative stress (Mn-SOD) markers. These changes were accompanied by increased levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β. Importantly, COPD primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) displayed similar changes in mitochondrial morphology as observed in long-term CSE-exposure BEAS-2B cells. Moreover, expression of specific OXPHOS proteins was higher in PBECs from COPD patients than control smokers, as was the expression of mitochondrial stress marker PINK1. CONCLUSION The observed mitochondrial changes in COPD epithelium are potentially the consequence of long-term exposure to cigarette smoke, leading to impaired mitochondrial function and may play a role in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland F Hoffmann
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory of Allergology and Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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398
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Mishra J, Singh S. Miltefosine resistance in Leishmania donovani involves suppression of oxidative stress-induced programmed cell death. Exp Parasitol 2013; 135:397-406. [PMID: 23968687 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Miltefosine (MIL), an alkylphospholipid, is the first orally administrable anti-leishmanial drug. But due to its long half-life, miltefosine is highly vulnerable for resistance. Hence it is important to understand the mechanism of resistance and to elucidate its action on Leishmania. Here we investigate the miltefosine induced process of programmed cell death in wild type (miltefosine sensitive) and in laboratory generated resistant strains of Leishmania donovani. Results indicate that miltefosine induced apoptosis like death in a time and dose dependent manner in wild-type cells, but not in MIL-resistant cell line. The miltefosine resistant cells remained protected against miltefosine-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, gradual ATP loss and cytochrome C release from mitochondria into the cytosol. Comparative transcriptomic study showed significantly increased expression of FeSODA and SIR2 genes, putatively involved in oxidative stress associated apoptotic cell death. We hypothesize that oxidative stress mediated apoptosis as an alternative mechanism of miltefosine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Mishra
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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399
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Calabrò E, Condello S, Currò M, Ferlazzo N, Caccamo D, Magazù S, Ientile R. Effects of low intensity static magnetic field on FTIR spectra and ROS production in SH-SY5Y neuronal-like cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2013; 34:618-29. [PMID: 24217848 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biological effects of man-made electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been studied so far by experimental approaches exposing animals and cell cultures to EMFs. However, the evidence for cell toxicity induced by static magnetic field (SMF) is still uncertain. We investigated the effects produced by the exposure of human SH-SY5Y neuronal-like cells to a uniform magnetic field at intensities of 2.2 mT, which is less than the recommended public exposure limits set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). A decrease of membrane mitochondrial potential up to 30% was measured after 24 h of exposure to SMF in SH-SY5Y cells, and this effect was associated with reactive oxygen species production increase. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that exposure to a static magnetic intensity around 2.2 mT changed the secondary structure of cellular proteins and lipid components. The vibration bands relative to the methylene group increased significantly after 4 h of exposure, whereas further exposure up to 24 h produced evident shifts of amide I and II modes and a relative increase in β-sheet contents with respect to α-helix components. Our study demonstrated that a moderate SMF causes alteration in cell homeostasis, as indicated by FTIR spectroscopy observations of changes in protein structures that are part of cell response to magnetic field exposure.
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400
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Daum B, Walter A, Horst A, Osiewacz HD, Kühlbrandt W. Age-dependent dissociation of ATP synthase dimers and loss of inner-membrane cristae in mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:15301-6. [PMID: 24006361 PMCID: PMC3780843 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1305462110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the most fundamental, yet least understood biological processes that affect all forms of eukaryotic life. Mitochondria are intimately involved in aging, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Electron cryotomography of whole mitochondria from the aging model organism Podospora anserina revealed profound age-dependent changes in membrane architecture. With increasing age, the typical cristae disappear and the inner membrane vesiculates. The ATP synthase dimers that form rows at the cristae tips dissociate into monomers in inner-membrane vesicles, and the membrane curvature at the ATP synthase inverts. Dissociation of the ATP synthase dimer may involve the peptidyl prolyl isomerase cyclophilin D. Finally, the outer membrane ruptures near large contact-site complexes, releasing apoptogens into the cytoplasm. Inner-membrane vesiculation and dissociation of ATP synthase dimers would impair the ability of mitochondria to supply the cell with sufficient ATP to maintain essential cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertram Daum
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Walter
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Angelika Horst
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heinz D. Osiewacz
- Molecular Developmental Biology, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; and
- Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt “Macromolecular Complexes,” Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Werner Kühlbrandt
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt “Macromolecular Complexes,” Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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