351
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Fusobacterium nucleatum associates with stages of colorectal neoplasia development, colorectal cancer and disease outcome. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33:1381-90. [PMID: 24599709 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Commensal bacteria in the colon may play a role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Recent studies from North America showed that Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) infection is over-represented in disease tissue versus matched normal tissue in CRC patients. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of DNA extracted from colorectal tissue biopsies and surgical resections of three European cohorts totalling 122 CRC patients, we found an over-abundance of Fn in cancerous compared to matched normal tissue (p < 0.0001). To determine whether Fn infection is an early event in CRC development, we assayed Fn in colorectal adenoma (CRA) tissue from 52 Irish patients. While for all CRAs the Fn level was not statistically significantly higher in disease versus normal tissue (p = 0.06), it was significantly higher for high-grade dysplasia (p = 0.015). As a secondary objective, we determined that CRC patients with low Fn levels had a significantly longer overall survival time than patients with moderate and high levels of the bacterium (p = 0.008). The investigation of Fn as a potential non-invasive biomarker for CRC screening showed that, while Fn was more abundant in stool samples from CRC patients compared to adenomas or controls, the levels in stool did not correlate with cancer or adenoma tissue levels from the same individuals. This is the first study examining Fn in the colonic tissue and stool of European CRC and CRA patients, and suggests Fn as a novel risk factor for disease progression from adenoma to cancer, possibly affecting patient survival outcomes. Our results highlight the potential of Fn detection as a diagnostic and prognostic determinant in CRC patients.
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352
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Hintze KJ, Cox JE, Rompato G, Benninghoff AD, Ward RE, Broadbent J, Lefevre M. Broad scope method for creating humanized animal models for animal health and disease research through antibiotic treatment and human fecal transfer. Gut Microbes 2014; 5:183-91. [PMID: 24637796 PMCID: PMC4063843 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.28403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, mouse humanization studies have used human fecal transfer to germ-free animals. This practice requires gnotobiotic facilities and is restricted to gnotobiotic mouse lines, which limits humanized mouse research. We have developed a generalizable method to humanize non germ-free mice using antibiotic treatment and human fecal transfer. The method involves depleting resident intestinal microbiota with broad-spectrum antibiotics, introducing human microbiota from frozen fecal samples by weekly gavage, and maintaining mice in HEPA-filtered microisolator cages. Pyrosequencing cecal microbiota 16S rRNA genes showed that recipient mice adopt a humanized microbiota profile analogous to their human donors, and distinct from mice treated with only antibiotics (no fecal transfer) or untreated control mice. In the humanized mice, 75% of the sequence mass was observed in their respective human donor and conversely, 68% of the donor sequence mass was recovered in the recipient mice. Principal component analyses of GC- and HPLC-separated cecal metabolites were performed to determine effects of transplanted microbiota on the metabolome. Cecal metabolite profiles of mice treated with only antibiotics (no fecal transfer) and control mice were dissimilar from each other and from humanized mice. Metabolite profiles for mice humanized from different donor samples clustered near each other, yet were sufficiently distinct that separate clusters were apparent for each donor. Also, cecal concentrations of 57 metabolites were significantly different between humanization treatments. These data demonstrate that our protocol can be used to humanize non germ-free mice and is sufficiently robust to generate metabolomic differences between mice humanized from different human donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korry J Hintze
- Dept. of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences; Utah State University; Logan, UT USA,Applied Nutrition Research; Utah Science Technology and Research Initiative (USTAR); Logan, UT USA,Correspondence to: Korry J Hintze,
| | - James E Cox
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Utah; Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Giovanni Rompato
- Center of Integrated BioSystems; Utah State University; Logan, UT USA
| | - Abby D Benninghoff
- Applied Nutrition Research; Utah Science Technology and Research Initiative (USTAR); Logan, UT USA,Dept. of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences; Utah State University; Logan, UT USA
| | - Robert E Ward
- Dept. of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences; Utah State University; Logan, UT USA,Applied Nutrition Research; Utah Science Technology and Research Initiative (USTAR); Logan, UT USA
| | - Jeff Broadbent
- Dept. of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences; Utah State University; Logan, UT USA,Applied Nutrition Research; Utah Science Technology and Research Initiative (USTAR); Logan, UT USA
| | - Michael Lefevre
- Dept. of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences; Utah State University; Logan, UT USA,Applied Nutrition Research; Utah Science Technology and Research Initiative (USTAR); Logan, UT USA
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353
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Weng Han
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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354
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Candela M, Turroni S, Biagi E, Carbonero F, Rampelli S, Fiorentini C, Brigidi P. Inflammation and colorectal cancer, when microbiota-host mutualism breaks. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:908-922. [PMID: 24574765 PMCID: PMC3921544 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i4.908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural changes in the gut microbial community have been shown to accompany the progressive development of colorectal cancer. In this review we discuss recent hypotheses on the mechanisms involved in the bacteria-mediated carcinogenesis, as well as the triggering factors favoring the shift of the gut microbiota from a mutualistic to a pro-carcinogenic configuration. The possible role of inflammation, bacterial toxins and toxic microbiota metabolites in colorectal cancer onset is specifically discussed. On the other hand, the strategic role of inflammation as the keystone factor in driving microbiota to become carcinogenic is suggested. As a common outcome of different environmental and endogenous triggers, such as diet, aging, pathogen infection or genetic predisposition, inflammation can compromise the microbiota-host mutualism, forcing the increase of pathobionts at the expense of health-promoting groups, and allowing the microbiota to acquire an overall pro-inflammatory configuration. Consolidating inflammation in the gut, and favoring the bloom of toxigenic bacterial drivers, these changes in the gut microbial ecosystem have been suggested as pivotal in promoting carcinogenesis. In this context, it will become of primary importance to implement dietary or probiotics-based interventions aimed at preserving the microbiota-host mutualism along aging, counteracting deviations that favor a pro-carcinogenic microbiota asset.
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355
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Berger NA. Obesity-associated gastrointestinal tract cancer: from beginning to end. Cancer 2014; 120:935-9. [PMID: 24448723 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Berger
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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356
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the United States, and generally, as countries climb the economic ladder, their rates of colon cancer increase. Colon cancer was an early disease where key genetic mutations were identified as important in disease progression, and there is considerable interest in determining whether specific mutations sensitize the colon to cancer prevention strategies. Epidemiological studies have revealed that fiber- and vegetable-rich diets and physical activity are associated with reduced rates of colon cancer, while consumption of red and processed meat, or alcoholic beverages, and overconsumption as reflected in obesity are associated with increased rates. Animal studies have probed these effects and suggested directions for further refinement of diet in colon cancer prevention. Recently a central role for the microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract in colon cancer development is being probed, and it is hypothesized that the microbes may integrate diet and host genetics in the etiology of the disease. This review provides background on dietary, genetic, and microbial impacts on colon cancer and describes an ongoing project using rodent models to assess the ability of digestion-resistant starch in the integration of these factors with the goal of furthering colon cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane F. Birt
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Gregory J. Phillips
- Veterinary Microbiology & Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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357
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Gómez-Moreno R, Robledo IE, Baerga-Ortiz A. Direct Detection and Quantification of Bacterial Genes Associated with Inflammation in DNA Isolated from Stool. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 4:1065-1075. [PMID: 25635239 PMCID: PMC4307837 DOI: 10.4236/aim.2014.415117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although predominantly associated with health benefits, the gut microbiota has also been shown to harbor genes that promote inflammation. In this work, we report a method for the direct detection and quantification of these pro-inflammatory bacterial genes by PCR and qPCR in DNA extracted from human stool samples. PCR reactions were performed to detect (i) the pks island genes, (ii) tcpC, which is present in some strains of Escherichia coli and (iii) gelE presented in some strains of Enterococcus faecalis. Additionally, we screened for the presence of the following genes encoding cyclomodulins that disrupted mammalian cell division: (iv) cdt (which encodes the cytolethal distending toxin) and (v) cnf-1 (which encodes the cytotoxic necrotizing factor-1). Our results show that 20% of the samples (N = 41) tested positive for detectable amounts of pks island genes, whereas 10% of individuals were positive for tcpC or gelE and only one individual was found to harbor the cnf-1 gene. Of the 13 individuals that were positive for at least one of the pro-inflammatory genes, 5 were found to harbor more than one. A quantitative version of the assay, which used real-time PCR, revealed the pro-inflammatory genes to be in high copy numbers: up to 1.3 million copies per mg of feces for the pks island genes. Direct detection of specific genes in stool could prove useful toward screening for the presence of pro-inflammatory bacterial genes in individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases or colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Gómez-Moreno
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico ; Molecular Sciences Building, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Iraida E Robledo
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Abel Baerga-Ortiz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico ; Molecular Sciences Building, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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358
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Abstract
Microbiota and host form a complex 'super-organism' in which symbiotic relationships confer benefits to the host in many key aspects of life. However, defects in the regulatory circuits of the host that control bacterial sensing and homeostasis, or alterations of the microbiome, through environmental changes (infection, diet or lifestyle), may disturb this symbiotic relationship and promote disease. Increasing evidence indicates a key role for the bacterial microbiota in carcinogenesis. In this Opinion article, we discuss links between the bacterial microbiota and cancer, with a particular focus on immune responses, dysbiosis, genotoxicity, metabolism and strategies to target the microbiome for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F. Schwabe
- Department of Medicine, and Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York 10032, USA
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine and Department of Infectious Diseases & Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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359
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Kim TM, Lee SH, Chung YJ. Clinical applications of next-generation sequencing in colorectal cancers. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:6784-6793. [PMID: 24187453 PMCID: PMC3812477 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i40.6784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Like other solid tumors, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a genomic disorder in which various types of genomic alterations, such as point mutations, genomic rearrangements, gene fusions, or chromosomal copy number alterations, can contribute to the initiation and progression of the disease. The advent of a new DNA sequencing technology known as next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the speed and throughput of cataloguing such cancer-related genomic alterations. Now the challenge is how to exploit this advanced technology to better understand the underlying molecular mechanism of colorectal carcinogenesis and to identify clinically relevant genetic biomarkers for diagnosis and personalized therapeutics. In this review, we will introduce NGS-based cancer genomics studies focusing on those of CRC, including a recent large-scale report from the Cancer Genome Atlas. We will mainly discuss how NGS-based exome-, whole genome- and methylome-sequencing have extended our understanding of colorectal carcinogenesis. We will also introduce the unique genomic features of CRC discovered by NGS technologies, such as the relationship with bacterial pathogens and the massive genomic rearrangements of chromothripsis. Finally, we will discuss the necessary steps prior to development of a clinical application of NGS-related findings for the advanced management of patients with CRC.
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360
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McHardy IH, Li X, Tong M, Ruegger P, Jacobs J, Borneman J, Anton P, Braun J. HIV Infection is associated with compositional and functional shifts in the rectal mucosal microbiota. MICROBIOME 2013; 1:26. [PMID: 24451087 PMCID: PMC3971626 DOI: 10.1186/2049-2618-1-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regardless of infection route, the intestine is the primary site for HIV-1 infection establishment and results in significant mucosal CD4+ T lymphocyte depletion, induces an inflammatory state that propagates viral dissemination, facilitates microbial translocation, and fosters establishment of one of the largest HIV reservoirs. Here we test the prediction that HIV infection modifies the composition and function of the mucosal commensal microbiota. RESULTS Rectal mucosal microbiota were collected from human subjects using a sponge-based sampling methodology. Samples were collected from 20 HIV-positive men not receiving combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART), 20 HIV-positive men on cART and 20 healthy, HIV-negative men. Microbial composition of samples was analyzed using barcoded 16S Illumina deep sequencing (85,900 reads per sample after processing). Microbial metagenomic information for the samples was imputed using the bioinformatic tools PICRUST and HUMAnN. Microbial composition and imputed function in HIV-positive individuals not receiving cART was significantly different from HIV-negative individuals. Genera including Roseburia, Coprococcus, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, Alistipes and Lachnospira were depleted in HIV-infected subjects not receiving cART, while Fusobacteria, Anaerococcus, Peptostreptococcus and Porphyromonas were significantly enriched. HIV-positive subjects receiving cART exhibited similar depletion and enrichment for these genera, but were of intermediate magnitude and did not achieve statistical significance. Imputed metagenomic functions, including amino acid metabolism, vitamin biosynthesis, and siderophore biosynthesis differed significantly between healthy controls and HIV-infected subjects not receiving cART. CONCLUSIONS HIV infection was associated with rectal mucosal changes in microbiota composition and imputed function that cART failed to completely reverse. HIV infection was associated with depletion of some commensal species and enrichment of a few opportunistic pathogens. Many imputed metagenomic functions differed between samples from HIV-negative and HIV-positive subjects not receiving cART, possibly reflecting mucosal metabolic changes associated with HIV infection. Such functional pathways may represent novel interventional targets for HIV therapy if normalizing the microbial composition or functional activity of the microbiota proves therapeutically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian H McHardy
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave 13-188 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease & Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA
| | | | - Paul Ruegger
- Plant Pathology, UC Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Jacobs
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave 13-188 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Peter Anton
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for HIV Prevention Research, UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Braun
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave 13-188 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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361
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Wong SH, Sung JJY, Chan FKL, To KF, Ng SSM, Wang XJ, Yu J, Wu WKK. Genome-wide association and sequencing studies on colorectal cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2013; 23:502-11. [PMID: 24096009 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding its genetic mechanisms is key to improving risk prediction, prognostication and treatment. Results from genome-wide association studies have engendered a growing list of colorectal cancer susceptibility genes whereas the application of genome-wide mutational analysis has enabled the depiction of mutational landscape of colorectal cancer at high resolution. The development of novel technologies, such as metagenomic and single-cell sequencing, is expected to have positive impact on future genetic studies. However, challenges remain to address the changing epidemiology of colorectal cancer, issues on genetic testing, and clinical utilization of genomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny H Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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362
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Keku TO, McCoy AN, Azcarate-Peril AM. Fusobacterium spp. and colorectal cancer: cause or consequence? Trends Microbiol 2013; 21:506-8. [PMID: 24029382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although increasing evidence suggests a relationship between bacterial dysbiosis and colorectal cancer (CRC), few studies have identified specific microbial etiologic factors. Recent studies have implicated overabundance of Fusobacterium in association with colorectal adenomas and cancer. Two articles published in Cell Host & Microbe provide insights into the Fusobacterium-CRC relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope O Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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363
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Kostic AD, Chun E, Robertson L, Glickman JN, Gallini CA, Michaud M, Clancy TE, Chung DC, Lochhead P, Hold GL, El-Omar EM, Brenner D, Fuchs CS, Meyerson M, Garrett WS. Fusobacterium nucleatum potentiates intestinal tumorigenesis and modulates the tumor-immune microenvironment. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 14:207-15. [PMID: 23954159 PMCID: PMC3772512 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1647] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence links the gut microbiota with colorectal cancer. Metagenomic analyses indicate that symbiotic Fusobacterium spp. are associated with human colorectal carcinoma, but whether this is an indirect or causal link remains unclear. We find that Fusobacterium spp. are enriched in human colonic adenomas relative to surrounding tissues and in stool samples from colorectal adenoma and carcinoma patients compared to healthy subjects. Additionally, in the Apc(Min/+) mouse model of intestinal tumorigenesis, Fusobacterium nucleatum increases tumor multiplicity and selectively recruits tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, which can promote tumor progression. Tumors from Apc(Min/+) mice exposed to F. nucleatum exhibit a proinflammatory expression signature that is shared with human fusobacteria-positive colorectal carcinomas. However, unlike other bacteria linked to colorectal carcinoma, F. nucleatum does not exacerbate colitis, enteritis, or inflammation-associated intestinal carcinogenesis. Collectively, these data suggest that, through recruitment of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, fusobacteria generate a proinflammatory microenvironment that is conducive for colorectal neoplasia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar D. Kostic
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eunyoung Chun
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lauren Robertson
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan N. Glickman
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Miraca Life Sciences, Inc. Newton, MA 02464, USA
| | - Carey Ann Gallini
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Monia Michaud
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas E. Clancy
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel C. Chung
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, 02114
| | - Paul Lochhead
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina L. Hold
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Emad M. El-Omar
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Dean Brenner
- Cancer and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Charles S. Fuchs
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Wendy S. Garrett
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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364
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Rubinstein MR, Wang X, Liu W, Hao Y, Cai G, Han YW. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by modulating E-cadherin/β-catenin signaling via its FadA adhesin. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 14:195-206. [PMID: 23954158 PMCID: PMC3770529 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1415] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) has been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), but causality and underlying mechanisms remain to be established. We demonstrate that Fn adheres to, invades, and induces oncogenic and inflammatory responses to stimulate growth of CRC cells through its unique FadA adhesin. FadA binds to E-cadherin, activates β-catenin signaling, and differentially regulates the inflammatory and oncogenic responses. The FadA-binding site on E-cadherin is mapped to an 11-amino-acid region. A synthetic peptide derived from this region of E-cadherin abolishes FadA-induced CRC cell growth and oncogenic and inflammatory responses. The fadA gene levels in the colon tissue from patients with adenomas and adenocarcinomas are >10-100 times higher compared to normal individuals. The increased FadA expression in CRC correlates with increased expression of oncogenic and inflammatory genes. This study unveils a mechanism by which Fn can drive CRC and identifies FadA as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Wendy Liu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Yujun Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Guifang Cai
- School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Yiping W. Han
- Department of Periodontics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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365
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Salicylates and the Microbiota: A New Mechanistic Understanding of an Ancient Drug's Role in Dermatological and Gastrointestinal Disease. Drug Dev Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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366
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Guinane CM, Cotter PD. Role of the gut microbiota in health and chronic gastrointestinal disease: understanding a hidden metabolic organ. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2013; 6:295-308. [PMID: 23814609 PMCID: PMC3667473 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x13482996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota has become the subject of extensive research in recent years and our knowledge of the resident species and their potential functional capacity is rapidly growing. Our gut harbours a complex community of over 100 trillion microbial cells which influence human physiology, metabolism, nutrition and immune function while disruption to the gut microbiota has been linked with gastrointestinal conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and obesity. Here, we review the many significant recent studies that have centred on further enhancing our understanding of the complexity of intestinal communities as well as their genetic and metabolic potential. These have provided important information with respect to what constitutes a 'healthy gut microbiota' while furthering our understanding of the role of gut microbes in intestinal diseases. We also highlight recently developed genomic and other tools that are used to study the gut microbiome and, finally, we consider the manipulation of the gut microbiota as a potential therapeutic option to treat chronic gastrointestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland The Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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367
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Warren RL, Freeman DJ, Pleasance S, Watson P, Moore RA, Cochrane K, Allen-Vercoe E, Holt RA. Co-occurrence of anaerobic bacteria in colorectal carcinomas. MICROBIOME 2013; 1:16. [PMID: 24450771 PMCID: PMC3971631 DOI: 10.1186/2049-2618-1-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous cancers have been linked to microorganisms. Given that colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths and the colon is continuously exposed to a high diversity of microbes, the relationship between gut mucosal microbiome and colorectal cancer needs to be explored. Metagenomic studies have shown an association between Fusobacterium species and colorectal carcinoma. Here, we have extended these studies with deeper sequencing of a much larger number (n = 130) of colorectal carcinoma and matched normal control tissues. We analyzed these data using co-occurrence networks in order to identify microbe-microbe and host-microbe associations specific to tumors. RESULTS We confirmed tumor over-representation of Fusobacterium species and observed significant co-occurrence within individual tumors of Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia and Campylobacter species. This polymicrobial signature was associated with over-expression of numerous host genes, including the gene encoding the pro-inflammatory chemokine Interleukin-8. The tumor-associated bacteria we have identified are all Gram-negative anaerobes, recognized previously as constituents of the oral microbiome, which are capable of causing infection. We isolated a novel strain of Campylobacter showae from a colorectal tumor specimen. This strain is substantially diverged from a previously sequenced oral Campylobacter showae isolate, carries potential virulence genes, and aggregates with a previously isolated tumor strain of Fusobacterium nucleatum. CONCLUSIONS A polymicrobial signature of Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria is associated with colorectal carcinoma tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- René L Warren
- BC Cancer Agency, Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Douglas J Freeman
- BC Cancer Agency, Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Stephen Pleasance
- BC Cancer Agency, Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Peter Watson
- BC Cancer Agency, Deeley Research Centre, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Richard A Moore
- BC Cancer Agency, Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Kyla Cochrane
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Emma Allen-Vercoe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Robert A Holt
- BC Cancer Agency, Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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