351
|
Hu X, Feng L, Wei W, Xie A, Wang S, Zhang J, Dong W. Synthesis and characterization of a novel semi-IPN hydrogel based on Salecan and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). Carbohydr Polym 2014; 105:135-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
352
|
Zhang L, Wang L, Guo B, Ma PX. Cytocompatible injectable carboxymethyl chitosan/N-isopropylacrylamide hydrogels for localized drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 103:110-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
353
|
Abstract
It has become increasingly clear that the cellular microenvironment, in particular the extracellular matrix, plays an important role in regulating cell function. However, the extracellular matrix is extraordinarily complex in both its makeup and its physical properties. Therefore, there is a need to develop model systems to independently evaluate the effect of specific extracellular matrix features upon cells. Here we describe a model system to evaluate one aspect of the extracellular matrix, its fibrous topology. We describe how to generate bio-mimetic nanofibers by electrospinning, how to grow cells on these fibers, and also some methods for fixing and visualizing cells grown on these fibers. These methods can be used to investigate a wide range of biological questions, including, but not limited to, cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and cell motility on extracellular matrix.
Collapse
|
354
|
Sokolovskaya E, Barner L, Bräse S, Lahann J. Synthesis and On-Demand Gelation of Multifunctional Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:780-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sokolovskaya
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Leonie Barner
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Soft Matter Synthesis Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Jörg Lahann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Soft Matter Synthesis Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Biointerfaces Institute, Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan; 2800 Plymouth Rd Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| |
Collapse
|
355
|
Patenaude M, Campbell S, Kinio D, Hoare T. Tuning Gelation Time and Morphology of Injectable Hydrogels Using Ketone–Hydrazide Cross-Linking. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:781-90. [PMID: 24432725 DOI: 10.1021/bm401615d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Patenaude
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
| | - Scott Campbell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
| | - Dennis Kinio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
| |
Collapse
|
356
|
Popa EG, Carvalho PP, Dias AF, Santos TC, Santo VE, Marques AP, Viegas CA, Dias IR, Gomes ME, Reis RL. Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of carrageenan-based hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 102:4087-97. [PMID: 24443370 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Carrageenans are highly sulphated galactans, well-known for their thermogelation properties which have been extensively exploited in food and cosmetics industry but poorly explored in the biomedicine field. In this study, we have assessed the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of κ-carrageenan hydrogels that have been explored for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the materials using a L929 mouse fibroblast cell line was evaluated, and the effect of κ-carrageenan hydrogels on the activation of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils cells (hPMNs) was also evaluated by the quantification of reactive oxygen species by chemiluminescence. Subsequently, the inflammatory/immune reaction to κ-carrageenan hydrogels on subcutaneous implantation was studied in rats. Explants were retrieved after 1 and 2 weeks of implantation for histological and RT-PCR analysis. The cytotoxicity screening revealed that κ-carrageenan hydrogels did not significantly affect L929 metabolic activity. Moreover, hPMNs contact with κ-carrageenan resulted in a reduced and a neglectable signal regarding the detection of superoxide and hydroxyl anions, respectively. The results from the in vivo experiments indicated that κ-carrageenan induce a low inflammatory response. Overall, the data obtained suggest that κ-carrageenan hydrogels are biocompatible and thus can be further studied for their use in target biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Popa
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909, Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
357
|
Radhakrishnan J, Krishnan UM, Sethuraman S. Hydrogel based injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:449-61. [PMID: 24406815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering promises to be an effective strategy that can overcome the lacuna existing in the current pharmacological and interventional therapies and heart transplantation. Heart failure continues to be a major contributor to the morbidity and mortality across the globe. This may be attributed to the limited regeneration capacity after the adult cardiomyocytes are terminally differentiated or injured. Various strategies involving acellular scaffolds, stem cells, and combinations of stem cells, scaffolds and growth factors have been investigated for effective cardiac tissue regeneration. Recently, injectable hydrogels have emerged as a potential candidate among various categories of biomaterials for cardiac tissue regeneration due to improved patient compliance and facile administration via minimal invasive mode that treats complex infarction. This review discusses in detail on the advances made in the field of injectable materials for cardiac tissue engineering highlighting their merits over their preformed counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janani Radhakrishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India.
| |
Collapse
|
358
|
Wu Y, Wang L, Guo B, X Ma P. Injectable biodegradable hydrogels and microgels based on methacrylated poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(glycerol sebacate) multi-block copolymers: synthesis, characterization, and cell encapsulation. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:3674-3685. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21716g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
359
|
Jain M, Rajan R, Hyon SH, Matsumura K. Hydrogelation of dextran-based polyampholytes with cryoprotective properties via click chemistry. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:308-317. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60261c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
360
|
Hunt JA, Chen R, van Veen T, Bryan N. Hydrogels for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:5319-5338. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00775a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels have become an incredibly prolific area of research in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, because of their high water content, mechanical similarity to natural tissues, and ease of surgical implantation, hydrogels are at the forefront of biomedical scaffold and drug carrier design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Hunt
- Clinical Engineering
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool, UK
| | - Rui Chen
- Clinical Engineering
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool, UK
| | - Theun van Veen
- Clinical Engineering
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool, UK
| | - Nicholas Bryan
- Clinical Engineering
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
361
|
Fakhari A, Phan Q, Berkland C. Hyaluronic acid colloidal gels as self-assembling elastic biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 102:612-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Fakhari
- Bioengineering Graduate Program; University of Kansas; Lawrence Kansas
| | - Quang Phan
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Drake University; Des Moines Iowa
| | - Cory Berkland
- Bioengineering Graduate Program; University of Kansas; Lawrence Kansas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Kansas; Lawrence Kansas
- Departemant of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering; University of Kansas; Lawrence Kansas
| |
Collapse
|
362
|
Temperature-responsive gelation of type I collagen solutions involving fibril formation and genipin crosslinking as a potential injectable hydrogel. Int J Biomater 2013; 2013:620765. [PMID: 24222766 PMCID: PMC3814099 DOI: 10.1155/2013/620765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the temperature-responsive gelation of collagen/genipin solutions using pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) and acid-solubilized collagen (ASC) as substrates. Gelation occurred in the PSC/genipin solutions at genipin concentrations 0-2 mM under moderate change in temperature from 25 to 37°C. The PSC/genipin solutions exhibited fluidity at room temperature for at least 30 min, whereas the ASC/genipin solutions rapidly reached gel points. In specific cases PSC would be preferred over ASC as an injectable gel system. The temperature-responsive gelation of PSC/genipin solutions was due to temperature responses to genipin crosslinking and collagen fibril formation. The elastic modulus of the 0.5% PSC/genipin gel system could be adjusted in a range of 2.5 to 50 kPa by the PSC and genipin concentrations, suggesting that a PSC/genipin solution is a potential injectable gel system for drug and cell carriers, with mechanical properties matching those of living tissues.
Collapse
|
363
|
Khan A, Othman MBH, Razak KA, Akil HM. Synthesis and physicochemical investigation of chitosan-PMAA-based dual-responsive hydrogels. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-013-0273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
364
|
Cheng Y, Nada AA, Valmikinathan CM, Lee P, Liang D, Yu X, Kumbar SG. In situgelling polysaccharide-based hydrogel for cell and drug delivery in tissue engineering. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering; Stevens Institute of Technology; Hoboken New Jersey 07030
| | - Ahmed A. Nada
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical; Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington Connecticut 06030
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington Connecticut 06030
| | - Chandra M. Valmikinathan
- Department of Chemistry; Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering; Stevens Institute of Technology; Hoboken New Jersey 07030
| | - Paul Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering; Stevens Institute of Technology; Hoboken New Jersey 07030
| | - Danni Liang
- Department of Chemistry; Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering; Stevens Institute of Technology; Hoboken New Jersey 07030
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Chemistry; Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering; Stevens Institute of Technology; Hoboken New Jersey 07030
| | - Sangamesh G. Kumbar
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical; Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington Connecticut 06030
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington Connecticut 06030
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington Connecticut 06030
- Department of Materials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Connecticut, Storrs; Connecticut 06269
| |
Collapse
|
365
|
Hawkins AM, Tolbert ME, Newton B, Milbrandt TA, Puleo DA, Hilt JZ. Tuning biodegradable hydrogel properties via synthesis procedure. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
366
|
Buchtová N, Réthoré G, Boyer C, Guicheux J, Rambaud F, Vallé K, Belleville P, Sanchez C, Chauvet O, Weiss P, Le Bideau J. Nanocomposite hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering: mesoporous silica nanofibers interlinked with siloxane derived polysaccharide. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:1875-1884. [PMID: 23666665 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Injectable materials for mini-invasive surgery of cartilage are synthesized and thoroughly studied. The concept of these hybrid materials is based on providing high enough mechanical performances along with a good medium for chondrocytes proliferation. The unusual nanocomposite hydrogels presented herein are based on siloxane derived hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (Si-HPMC) interlinked with mesoporous silica nanofibers. The mandatory homogeneity of the nanocomposites is checked by fluorescent methods, which show that the silica nanofibres dispersion is realized down to nanometric scale, suggesting an efficient immobilization of the silica nanofibres onto the Si-HPMC scaffold. Such dispersion and immobilization are reached thanks to the chemical affinity between the hydrophilic silica nanofibers and the pendant silanolate groups of the Si-HPMC chains. Tuning the amount of nanocharges allows tuning the resulting mechanical features of these injectable biocompatible hybrid hydrogels. hASC stem cells and SW1353 chondrocytic cells viability is checked within the nanocomposite hydrogels up to 3 wt% of silica nanofibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nela Buchtová
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS UMR 6502, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, B.P. 32229, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
367
|
Soni G, Yadav KS. High encapsulation efficiency of poloxamer-based injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels of etoposide. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:651-61. [PMID: 23879721 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.819014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hydrogels are promising polymeric network capable of sustaining the release of drug but have a major limitation for encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs. OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to encapsulate etoposide in poloxamer 407-based thermosensitive hydrogels with an aim to sustain its release. MATERIALS AND METHODS Etoposide-loaded hydrogels were prepared by the cold method and optimized for encapsulation efficiency (EE) by a 3(2) factorial design. Poloxamer 407-poloxamer 188 hydrogel (E-P407-P188) and poloxamer 407-poly(ethylene glycol) (E-P407-PEG) hydrogel were characterized for SEM, swelling, sol-gel phase transition and injectability study. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In E-P407-P188 hydrogel the EE of 75% could be obtained and in E-P407-PEG hydrogels the EE was 84%. The SEM images showed a porous structure. The release of ETO was sustained up to 48 h by E-P407-PEG hydrogel and 24 h by E-P407-P188 hydrogel. The drug release was governed by first-order kinetics and followed Fickian diffusion mechanism in both the cases. CONCLUSION Such injectable thermosensitive hydrogel of etoposide could be effectively used for continuous release of drug to the tumor and surrounding tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Govind Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajeev Gandhi College of Pharmacy, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | | |
Collapse
|
368
|
Gebinoga M, Katzmann J, Fernekorn U, Hampl J, Weise F, Klett M, Läffert A, Klar TA, Schober A. Multi-photon structuring of native polymers: A case study for structuring natural proteins. Eng Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201200152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gebinoga
- Department of Nanobiosystem Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Ilmenau University of Technology; Ilmenau Germany
- Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies MacroNano®; Ilmenau University of Technology; Ilmenau Germany
| | - Julia Katzmann
- Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies MacroNano®; Ilmenau University of Technology; Ilmenau Germany
- Institute of Physics; Ilmenau University of Technology; Ilmenau Germany
| | - Uta Fernekorn
- Department of Nanobiosystem Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Ilmenau University of Technology; Ilmenau Germany
- Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies MacroNano®; Ilmenau University of Technology; Ilmenau Germany
| | - Jörg Hampl
- Department of Nanobiosystem Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Ilmenau University of Technology; Ilmenau Germany
- Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies MacroNano®; Ilmenau University of Technology; Ilmenau Germany
| | - Frank Weise
- Department of Nanobiosystem Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Ilmenau University of Technology; Ilmenau Germany
- Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies MacroNano®; Ilmenau University of Technology; Ilmenau Germany
| | - Maren Klett
- Department of Nanobiosystem Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Ilmenau University of Technology; Ilmenau Germany
- Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies MacroNano®; Ilmenau University of Technology; Ilmenau Germany
| | - Annette Läffert
- Department of Nanobiosystem Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Ilmenau University of Technology; Ilmenau Germany
- Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies MacroNano®; Ilmenau University of Technology; Ilmenau Germany
| | - Thomas A. Klar
- Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies MacroNano®; Ilmenau University of Technology; Ilmenau Germany
- Institute of Physics; Ilmenau University of Technology; Ilmenau Germany
| | - Andreas Schober
- Department of Nanobiosystem Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Ilmenau University of Technology; Ilmenau Germany
- Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies MacroNano®; Ilmenau University of Technology; Ilmenau Germany
| |
Collapse
|
369
|
Soft robotics: a bioinspired evolution in robotics. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:287-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1265] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
370
|
Alginate-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine Applications. MATERIALS 2013; 6:1285-1309. [PMID: 28809210 PMCID: PMC5452316 DOI: 10.3390/ma6041285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 708] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is a natural polysaccharide exhibiting excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, having many different applications in the field of biomedicine. Alginate is readily processable for applicable three-dimensional scaffolding materials such as hydrogels, microspheres, microcapsules, sponges, foams and fibers. Alginate-based biomaterials can be utilized as drug delivery systems and cell carriers for tissue engineering. Alginate can be easily modified via chemical and physical reactions to obtain derivatives having various structures, properties, functions and applications. Tuning the structure and properties such as biodegradability, mechanical strength, gelation property and cell affinity can be achieved through combination with other biomaterials, immobilization of specific ligands such as peptide and sugar molecules, and physical or chemical crosslinking. This review focuses on recent advances in the use of alginate and its derivatives in the field of biomedical applications, including wound healing, cartilage repair, bone regeneration and drug delivery, which have potential in tissue regeneration applications.
Collapse
|
371
|
Engineering cartilage tissue interfaces using a natural glycosaminoglycan hydrogel matrix — An in vitro study. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:575-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
372
|
Li Z, Cho S, Kwon IC, Janát-Amsbury MM, Huh KM. Preparation and characterization of glycol chitin as a new thermogelling polymer for biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:2267-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
373
|
Vashist A, Shahabuddin S, Gupta YK, Ahmad S. Polyol induced interpenetrating networks: chitosan–methylmethacrylate based biocompatible and pH responsive hydrogels for drug delivery system. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:168-178. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00021k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
374
|
Lin G, Cosimbescu L, Karin NJ, Gutowska A, Tarasevich BJ. Injectable and thermogelling hydrogels of PCL-g-PEG: mechanisms, rheological and enzymatic degradation properties. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1249-1255. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00468b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
375
|
Rubert M, Alonso-Sande M, Monjo M, Ramis JM. Evaluation of Alginate and Hyaluronic Acid for Their Use in Bone Tissue Engineering. Biointerphases 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13758-012-0044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
376
|
Munarin F, Tanzi M, Petrini P. Advances in biomedical applications of pectin gels. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:681-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
377
|
Maiti DK, Banerjee A. A Synthetic Amino Acid Residue Containing A New Oligopeptide-Based Photosensitive Fluorescent Organogel. Chem Asian J 2012; 8:113-20. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
378
|
Xu F, Inci F, Mullick O, Gurkan UA, Sung Y, Kavaz D, Li B, Denkbas EB, Demirci U. Release of magnetic nanoparticles from cell-encapsulating biodegradable nanobiomaterials. ACS NANO 2012; 6:6640-9. [PMID: 22680777 PMCID: PMC3813440 DOI: 10.1021/nn300902w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The future of tissue engineering requires development of intelligent biomaterials using nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have several applications in biology and medicine; one example is Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. Recently, MNPs have been encapsulated within cell-encapsulating hydrogels to create novel nanobiomaterials (i.e., M-gels), which can be manipulated and assembled in magnetic fields. The M-gels can be used as building blocks for bottom-up tissue engineering to create 3D tissue constructs. For tissue engineering applications of M-gels, it is essential to study the release of encapsulated MNPs from the hydrogel polymer network and the effect of MNPs on hydrogel properties, including mechanical characteristics, porosity, swelling behavior, and cellular response (e.g., viability, growth). Therefore, we evaluated the release of MNPs from photocrosslinkable gelatin methacrylate hydrogels as the polymer network undergoes biodegradation using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. MNP release correlated linearly with hydrogel biodegradation rate with correlation factors (Pearson product moment correlation coefficient) of 0.96 ± 0.03 and 0.99 ± 0.01 for MNP concentrations of 1% and 5%, respectively. We also evaluated the effect of MNPs on hydrogel mechanical properties, porosity, and swelling behavior, as well as cell viability and growth in MNP-encapsulating hydrogels. Fibroblasts encapsulated with MNPs in hydrogels remained viable (>80% at t = 144 h) and formed microtissue constructs in culture (t = 144 h). These results indicated that MNP-encapsulating hydrogels show promise as intelligent nanobiomaterials, with great potential to impact broad areas of bioengineering, including tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Fatih Inci
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Omer Mullick
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Umut Atakan Gurkan
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yuree Sung
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Doga Kavaz
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Baoqiang Li
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Emir Baki Denkbas
- Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine Division, The Institute for Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard—MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
379
|
Datta P, Chatterjee J, Dhara S. Phosphate functionalized and lactic acid containing graft copolymer: synthesis and evaluation as biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 24:696-713. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2012.707428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Datta
- a School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur , 721302 , India
| | - Jyotirmoy Chatterjee
- a School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur , 721302 , India
| | - Santanu Dhara
- a School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur , 721302 , India
| |
Collapse
|
380
|
Lu H, Sun P, Zheng Z, Yao X, Wang X, Chang FC. Reduction-sensitive rapid degradable poly(urethane-urea)s based on cystine. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
381
|
Li Y, Rodrigues J, Tomás H. Injectable and biodegradable hydrogels: gelation, biodegradation and biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:2193-221. [PMID: 22116474 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15203c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 967] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels with biodegradability have in situ formability which in vitro/in vivo allows an effective and homogeneous encapsulation of drugs/cells, and convenient in vivo surgical operation in a minimally invasive way, causing smaller scar size and less pain for patients. Therefore, they have found a variety of biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, cell encapsulation, and tissue engineering. This critical review systematically summarizes the recent progresses on biodegradable and injectable hydrogels fabricated from natural polymers (chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginates, gelatin, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, etc.) and biodegradable synthetic polymers (polypeptides, polyesters, polyphosphazenes, etc.). The review includes the novel naturally based hydrogels with high potential for biomedical applications developed in the past five years which integrate the excellent biocompatibility of natural polymers/synthetic polypeptides with structural controllability via chemical modification. The gelation and biodegradation which are two key factors to affect the cell fate or drug delivery are highlighted. A brief outlook on the future of injectable and biodegradable hydrogels is also presented (326 references).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Li
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
382
|
Lu HD, Charati MB, Kim IL, Burdick JA. Injectable shear-thinning hydrogels engineered with a self-assembling Dock-and-Lock mechanism. Biomaterials 2012; 33:2145-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
383
|
Srinivasan S, Jayasree R, Chennazhi K, Nair S, Jayakumar R. Biocompatible alginate/nano bioactive glass ceramic composite scaffolds for periodontal tissue regeneration. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 87:274-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
384
|
Yang B, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Tao L, Li S, Wei Y. Facilely prepared inexpensive and biocompatible self-healing hydrogel: a new injectable cell therapy carrier. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20627g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
385
|
Neffe AT, Kobuch KA, Maier M, Feucht N, Lohmann CP, Wolfstein A, Streufert D, Kamlage S, Lendlein A. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of a Multifunctional Hyaluronic acid Based Hydrogel System for Local Application on the Retina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
386
|
Biswal D, Wattamwar PP, Dziubla TD, Hilt JZ. A single-step polymerization method for poly(β-amino ester) biodegradable hydrogels. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
387
|
Rogalsky AD, Kwon HJ, Lee-Sullivan P. Compressive stress-strain response of covalently crosslinked oxidized-alginate/N-succinyl-chitosan hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 99:367-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
388
|
Abstract
This article summarizes the recent progress in the design and synthesis of hydrogels as tissue-engineering scaffolds. Hydrogels are attractive scaffolding materials owing to their highly swollen network structure, ability to encapsulate cells and bioactive molecules, and efficient mass transfer. Various polymers, including natural, synthetic and natural/synthetic hybrid polymers, have been used to make hydrogels via chemical or physical crosslinking. Recently, bioactive synthetic hydrogels have emerged as promising scaffolds because they can provide molecularly tailored biofunctions and adjustable mechanical properties, as well as an extracellular matrix-like microenvironment for cell growth and tissue formation. This article addresses various strategies that have been explored to design synthetic hydrogels with extracellular matrix-mimetic bioactive properties, such as cell adhesion, proteolytic degradation and growth factor-binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
389
|
Nair S, Remya N, Remya S, Nair PD. A biodegradable in situ injectable hydrogel based on chitosan and oxidized hyaluronic acid for tissue engineering applications. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
390
|
Nguyen TP, Lee BT. Fabrication of oxidized alginate-gelatin-BCP hydrogels and evaluation of the microstructure, material properties and biocompatibility for bone tissue regeneration. J Biomater Appl 2011; 27:311-21. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328211404265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Composite hydrogel systems consisting of oxidized alginate, gelatin, and biphasic calcium phosphate were fabricated by the Schiff-base reaction and the effect of oxidation of alginate on the microstructure, material properties, and biocompatibility were evaluated. Alginate was modified by oxidizing the attached −OH groups to a −CHO group to facilitate interactions with the −NH2 groups of gelatin. The increased interactions between the functional groups had several effects on the materials properties, physical behaviors, and bio-compatibility. A higher degree of oxidation and thereby a higher extent of crosslinking between the −CHO and −NH2 groups resulted in an increase in water uptake and compressive strength, which was associated with a decrease in porosity, gelation time, bio-degradation rate, and to a smaller degree, biocompatibility. The hydrogel structure was highly porous and showed unique channel zed morphology with an extensive branching of the channels. The channels were not continuous and were divided into multiple segments by thin separators that were 5 µm thick and branched off of the 10–25 µm thick frame. The pores in the hydrogel system were interconnected and the porosity ranged from 44.45 to 67.89% with a pore size ranging from 100 to 300 µm. The compressive stress failure of the wet hydrogel was at 12.0 ± 1.2 MPa when the degree of alginate oxidation was 66.6%. The biocompatibility of the hydrogel system was excellent, although it was slightly lowered by oxidation. These hydrogels are promising biomaterials for bone regeneration with adjustable gelation and bio-degradation time, good mechanical strength, and excellent bio-compatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Materials, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University 366-1, Ssangyong-dong, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-090, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Taek Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Materials, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University 366-1, Ssangyong-dong, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-090, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
391
|
Pok S, Jacot JG. Biomaterials Advances in Patches for Congenital Heart Defect Repair. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2011; 4:646-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-011-9289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
392
|
β-Chitin hydrogel/nano hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
393
|
Synthesis, characterization and cytocompatibility studies of α-chitin hydrogel/nano hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:20-31. [PMID: 21435350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
α-chitin hydrogel/nano hydroxyapatite (nHAp) composite scaffold have been synthesized by freeze-drying approach with nHAp and α-chitin hydrogel. The prepared nHAp and nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized using DLS, SEM, FT-IR, XRD and TGA studies. The porosity, swelling, degradation, protein adsorption and biomineralization (calcification) of the prepared nanocomposite scaffolds were evaluated. Cell viability, attachment and proliferation were investigated using MG 63, Vero, NIH 3T3 and nHDF cells to confirm that the nanocomposite scaffolds were cytocompatible and cells were found to attach and spread on the scaffolds. All the results suggested that these scaffolds can be used for bone and wound tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
394
|
Tan H, Li H, Rubin JP, Marra KG. Controlled gelation and degradation rates of injectable hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels through a double crosslinking strategy. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 5:790-7. [PMID: 22002922 DOI: 10.1002/term.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Various biodegradable hydrogels have been employed as injectable scaffolds for tissue engineering and drug delivery. We report a double-crosslinking strategy of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogels derived from aminated and oxidized hyaluronic acid (HA) with genipin (GP), a compound naturally derived from the gardenia fruit. Fast gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between amino and aldehyde groups of polysaccharide derivatives, and the subsequent crosslinking with GP results in ideal biodegradability and mechanical properties. The gelation time, morphology, equilibrium swelling, compressive modulus and degradation of double-crosslinked hydrogels were examined. The double crosslinked hydrogels were examined in vivo via subcutaneous injection into a mouse model. Histological results indicated favourable biocompatility, as revealed by an absence of neutrophils and macrophages. These studies demonstrate that double-crosslinked HA hydrogels are potentially useful as injectable, biodegradable hydrogels in tissue-engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Tan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
395
|
Mehta GK, Kondaveeti S, Siddhanta AK. Facile synthesis of agarose-l-phenylalanine ester hydrogels. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00250c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|