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Abstract
The majority of clinical complaints derive from disorders of calcium metabolism and are associated with a wide variety of clinical symptoms caused by numerous diseases with entirely different types of pathophysiology. The prognosis varies from favorable to fatal depending on the pathophysiology of the underlying disorder of calcium metabolism; therefore, the diagnostic work-up aims to quickly identify the underlying disease causing the disturbance in calcium homeostasis. Every clinical situation with a diminished state of calcium absorption is treated with calcium and vitamin D in varying doses whereas every disorder with an increased calcium absorptive or resorptive state is treated with improved diuresis in addition to antiresorptive drugs, such as bisphosphonates. In many situations the management of a disturbed calcium balance requires an interdisciplinary approach in order to treat the underlying disease in parallel with correction of the calcium homeostasis.
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402
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D'Alessandro A, De Pergola G. Mediterranean diet pyramid: a proposal for Italian people. Nutrients 2014; 6:4302-16. [PMID: 25325250 PMCID: PMC4210917 DOI: 10.3390/nu6104302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bread was a staple in the traditional Mediterranean diet of the early 1960s, as well as nowadays; however, it was a stone ground sourdough bread in Nicotera and probably in the Greek cohorts of the Seven Countries Study. In the present review, the nutritional characteristics of this food are analyzed in relation to its protective effects on coronary heart disease, metabolic diseases and cancer. According to our traditions, cultural heritage and scientific evidence, we propose that only cereal foods with low glycemic index (GI) and rich in fiber have to be placed at the base of the Mediterranean diet pyramid, whereas refined grains and high GI starchy foods have to be sited at the top.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata D'Alessandro
- Endocrinologist, General Practitioner. General Medicine ASL BA/4 D.S.S. 8, viale Japigia 38/G, Bari 70126, Italy.
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari 70124, Italy.
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403
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404
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Kortman GAM, Raffatellu M, Swinkels DW, Tjalsma H. Nutritional iron turned inside out: intestinal stress from a gut microbial perspective. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2014; 38:1202-34. [PMID: 25205464 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is abundantly present on earth, essential for most microorganisms and crucial for human health. Human iron deficiency that is nevertheless highly prevalent in developing regions of the world can be effectively treated by oral iron administration. Accumulating evidence indicates that excess of unabsorbed iron that enters the colonic lumen causes unwanted side effects at the intestinal host-microbiota interface. The chemical properties of iron, the luminal environment and host iron withdrawal mechanisms, especially during inflammation, can turn the intestine in a rather stressful milieu. Certain pathogenic enteric bacteria can, however, deal with this stress at the expense of other members of the gut microbiota, while their virulence also seems to be stimulated in an iron-rich intestinal environment. This review covers the multifaceted aspects of nutritional iron stress with respect to growth, composition, metabolism and pathogenicity of the gut microbiota in relation to human health. We aim to present an unpreceded view on the dynamic effects and impact of oral iron administration on intestinal host-microbiota interactions to provide leads for future research and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guus A M Kortman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS) of the Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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405
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Fast separation and determination of free myo-inositol by hydrophilic liquid chromatography. Carbohydr Res 2014; 391:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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406
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Shahzad Z, Rouached H, Rakha A. Combating Mineral Malnutrition through Iron and Zinc Biofortification of Cereals. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014; 13:329-346. [PMID: 33412655 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Iron and zinc are 2 important nutrients in the human diet. Their deficiencies in humans lead to a variety of health-related problems. Iron and zinc biofortification of cereals is considered a cost-effective solution to overcome the malnutrition of these minerals. Biofortification aims at either increasing accumulation of these minerals in edible parts, endosperm, or to increase their bioavailability. Iron and zinc fertilization management positively influence their accumulation in cereal grains. Regarding genetic strategies, quantitative genetic studies show the existence of ample variation for iron and zinc accumulation as well as inhibitors or promoters of their bioavailability in cereal grains. However, the genes underlying this variation have rarely been identified and never used in breeding programs. Genetically modified cereals developed by modulation of genes involved in iron and zinc homeostasis, or genes influencing bioavailability, have shown promising results. However, iron and zinc concentration were quantified in the whole grains during most of the studies, whereas a significant proportion of them is lost during milling. This makes it difficult to realistically assess the effectiveness of the different strategies. Moreover, modifications in the accumulation of toxic elements, like cadmium and arsenic, that are of concern for food safety are rarely determined. Trials in living organisms with iron- and zinc-biofortified cereals also remain to be undertaken. This review focuses on the common challenges and their possible solutions related to agronomic as well as genetic iron and zinc biofortification of cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaigham Shahzad
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Montpellier SupAgro/CNRS/INRA/Univ, Montpellier II, 2 Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France
| | - Hatem Rouached
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Montpellier SupAgro/CNRS/INRA/Univ, Montpellier II, 2 Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France
| | - Allah Rakha
- Natl. Inst. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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407
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The effect of infrared stabilized rice bran substitution on nutritional, sensory, and textural properties of cracker. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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408
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R Chang
- Division of Nephrology Geisinger Health System 100 North Academy Avenue Danville, PA 17822 E-mail:
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409
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Phytic acid enhances the oral absorption of isorhamnetin, quercetin, and kaempferol in total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides L. Fitoterapia 2014; 93:216-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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410
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Tuncel NB, Yılmaz N, Kocabıyık H, Uygur A. The effect of infrared stabilized rice bran substitution on B vitamins, minerals and phytic acid content of pan breads: Part II. J Cereal Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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411
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Enes BN, Alves NEG, Valdés ST, Silveira CMM, Costa NMB, Ribeiro SMR, Pires ST, Martino HSD. Evaluation of iron bioavailability in a mixture of cereals, seeds, and grains ("Human Ration"). FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-20612014005000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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412
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Kruger J, Oelofse A, Taylor JRN. Effects of aqueous soaking on the phytate and mineral contents and phytate:mineral ratios of wholegrain normal sorghum and maize and low phytate sorghum. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:539-46. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.886182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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413
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Radtke J, Geissler S, Schutkowski A, Brandsch C, Kluge H, Duranti MM, Keller S, Jahreis G, Hirche F, Stangl GI. Lupin protein isolate versus casein modifies cholesterol excretion and mRNA expression of intestinal sterol transporters in a pig model. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2014; 11:9. [PMID: 24490902 PMCID: PMC3922606 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lupin proteins exert hypocholesterolemic effects in man and animals, although the underlying mechanism remains uncertain. Herein we investigated whether lupin proteins compared to casein modulate sterol excretion and mRNA expression of intestinal sterol transporters by use of pigs as an animal model with similar lipid metabolism as humans, and cellular cholesterol-uptake by Caco-2 cells. Methods Two groups of pigs were fed cholesterol-containing diets with either 230 g/kg of lupin protein isolate from L. angustifolius or 230 g/kg casein, for 4 weeks. Faeces were collected quantitatively over a 5 d period for analysis of neutral sterols and bile acids by gas chromatographically methods. The mRNA abundances of intestinal lipid transporters were analysed by real-time RT-PCR. Cholesterol-uptake studies were performed with Caco-2 cells that were incubated with lupin conglutin γ, phytate, ezetimibe or albumin in the presence of labelled [4-14C]-cholesterol. Results Pigs fed the lupin protein isolate revealed lower cholesterol concentrations in total plasma, LDL and HDL than pigs fed casein (P < 0.05). Analysis of faeces revealed a higher output of cholesterol in pigs that were fed lupin protein isolate compared to pigs that received casein (+57.1%; P < 0.05). Relative mRNA concentrations of intestinal sterol transporters involved in cholesterol absorption (Niemann-Pick C1-like 1, scavenger receptor class B, type 1) were lower in pigs fed lupin protein isolate than in those who received casein (P < 0.05). In vitro data showed that phytate was capable of reducing the uptake of labelled [4-14C]-cholesterol into the Caco-2 cells to the same extend as ezetimibe when compared to control (−20.5% vs. −21.1%; P < 0.05). Conclusions Data reveal that the cholesterol-lowering effect of lupin protein isolate is attributable to an increased faecal output of cholesterol and a reduced intestinal uptake of cholesterol. The findings indicate phytate as a possible biofunctional ingredient of lupin protein isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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414
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Eagling T, Neal AL, McGrath SP, Fairweather-Tait S, Shewry PR, Zhao FJ. Distribution and speciation of iron and zinc in grain of two wheat genotypes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:708-716. [PMID: 24382168 DOI: 10.1021/jf403331p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine differences among wheat cultivars in the distribution and speciation of Fe and Zn in grain milling fractions. Cultivars with higher Fe and Zn concentrations in the wholemeal flour were found to contain higher concentrations in the white flour. Soluble Fe and Zn were extracted and analyzed by size exclusion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Fe speciation varied between milling fractions with a low molecular weight (LMW) complex likely to be Fe-deoxymugenic acid/nicotianamine being the predominant extractable Fe species in white flour, accounting for approximately 85% of the extractable Fe. Bran fractions had a lower amount of LMW-Fe form but more as soluble Fe-phytate and an unidentified high molecular weight peak. In the white flour fraction soluble Zn was found to be present mainly as a LMW peak likely to be Zn-nicotianamine complex. Soluble Fe-phytate was found in the white flour fraction of a high-Fe cultivar but not in a low-Fe cultivar.
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415
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416
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Lee M, Moon JH, Jun EJ, Kim G, Kwon YU, Lee JY, Yoon J. A tetranaphthoimidazolium receptor as a fluorescent chemosensor for phytate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:5851-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02036g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A new tetranaphthoimidazolium receptor showed a selective fluorescence enhancement with phytate, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6), in 100% aqueous solution at pH 7.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Global Top5 Research Program
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jong Hun Moon
- Department of Chemistry
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Jun
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Global Top5 Research Program
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Gyoungmi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Global Top5 Research Program
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Yong-Uk Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Global Top5 Research Program
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Global Top5 Research Program
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750, Korea
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417
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Moretti D, Biebinger R, Bruins MJ, Hoeft B, Kraemer K. Bioavailability of iron, zinc, folic acid, and vitamin A from fortified maize. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1312:54-65. [PMID: 24329552 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several strategies appear suitable to improve iron and zinc bioavailability from fortified maize, and fortification per se will increase the intake of bioavailable iron and zinc. Corn masa flour or whole maize should be fortified with sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate (NaFeEDTA), ferrous fumarate, or ferrous sulfate, and degermed corn flour should be fortified with ferrous sulfate or ferrous fumarate. The choice of zinc fortificant appears to have a limited impact on zinc bioavailability. Phytic acid is a major inhibitor of both iron and zinc absorption. Degermination at the mill will reduce phytic acid content, and degermed maize appears to be a suitable vehicle for iron and zinc fortification. Enzymatic phytate degradation may be a suitable home-based technique to enhance the bioavailability of iron and zinc from fortified maize. Bioavailability experiments with low phytic acid-containing maize varieties have suggested an improved zinc bioavailability compared to wild-type counterparts. The bioavailability of folic acid from maize porridge was reported to be slightly higher than from baked wheat bread. The bioavailability of vitamin A provided as encapsulated retinyl esters is generally high and is typically not strongly influenced by the food matrix, but has not been fully investigated in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Moretti
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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418
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Rosa NN, Dufour C, Lullien-Pellerin V, Micard V. Exposure or release of ferulic acid from wheat aleurone: Impact on its antioxidant capacity. Food Chem 2013; 141:2355-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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419
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Adema AY, de Borst MH, Ter Wee PM, Vervloet MG. Dietary and pharmacological modification of fibroblast growth factor-23 in chronic kidney disease. J Ren Nutr 2013; 24:143-50. [PMID: 24216259 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of phosphorus and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) are strong predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. From a physiological perspective and supported by some data, phosphorus is the main driver for FGF-23 secretion. Therefore, it is conceivable that interventions aiming at restriction of phosphorus uptake from the gastrointestinal tract may lower serum FGF-23 levels and improve cardiovascular risk and subsequently survival. It is not currently known to what extend phosphorus and FGF-23 are independent risk factors, and therefore both need to be targeted. However, their respective metabolisms are tightly connected. Control of phosphorus levels in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is attempted mainly by restriction of dietary intake and the use of phosphorus binders. In this review, it is outlined that not just the amount of dietary phosphorus intake is important but also its type (organic vs. inorganic), its source (animal vs. plant derived), and the protein-to-phosphorus ratio in the bioavailability of phosphorus from food. This qualitative aspect of diet is likely a neglected aspect of dietary counseling in CKD. However, in more advanced stages of CKD, dietary restriction of phosphorus alone is usually not sufficient to control hyperphosphatemia, and phosphorus binders are indicated. The inexpensive, calcium-containing dietary phosphorus binders are used commonly worldwide. However, they are not suitable for every patient because of the association with elevated serum calcium, increase in vascular and valvular calcification scores, and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. The calcium content itself in these binders has recently been implicated to upregulate FGF-23. For that reason, the noncalcium, aluminum-free agents such as sevelamer and lanthanum are being advocated. However, these drugs do not have a clearly defined effect on circulating levels of FGF-23. Although it is conceivable that targeting FGF-23 may lead to improved clinical outcomes, this remains speculative. Therefore, more studies are needed to answer the question if this can be achieved with any of the phosphorus binders, or by another (additional) pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaltje Y Adema
- Department of Nephrology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin H de Borst
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre, Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Piet M Ter Wee
- Department of Nephrology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc G Vervloet
- Department of Nephrology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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420
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Phytic acid inhibits lipid peroxidation in vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:147307. [PMID: 24260736 PMCID: PMC3821898 DOI: 10.1155/2013/147307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Phytic acid (PA) has been recognized as a potent antioxidant and inhibitor of iron-catalyzed hydroxyl radical formation under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate, with the use of HPLC/MS/MS, whether PA is capable of inhibiting linoleic acid autoxidation and Fe(II)/ascorbate-induced peroxidation, as well as Fe(II)/ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation in human colonic epithelial cells. PA at 100 μM and 500 μM effectively inhibited the decay of linoleic acid, both in the absence and presence of Fe(II)/ascorbate. The observed inhibitory effect of PA on Fe(II)/ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation was lower (10-20%) compared to that of autoxidation. PA did not change linoleic acid hydroperoxides concentration levels after 24 hours of Fe(II)/ascorbate-induced peroxidation. In the absence of Fe(II)/ascorbate, PA at 100 μM and 500 μM significantly suppressed decomposition of linoleic acid hydroperoxides. Moreover, PA at the tested nontoxic concentrations (100 μM and 500 μM) significantly decreased 4-hydroxyalkenal levels in Caco-2 cells which structurally and functionally resemble the small intestinal epithelium. It is concluded that PA inhibits linoleic acid oxidation and reduces the formation of 4-hydroxyalkenals. Acting as an antioxidant it may help to prevent intestinal diseases induced by oxygen radicals and lipid peroxidation products.
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421
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Preventive inositol hexaphosphate extracted from rice bran inhibits colorectal cancer through involvement of Wnt/β-catenin and COX-2 pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:681027. [PMID: 24260743 PMCID: PMC3821926 DOI: 10.1155/2013/681027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional or dietary factors have drawn attention due to their potential as an effective chemopreventive agent, which is considered a more rational strategy in cancer treatment. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of IP6 extracted from rice bran on azoxymethane- (AOM-) induced colorectal cancer (CRC) in rats. Initially, male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups, with 6 rats in each group. The rats received two intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of AOM in saline (15 mg/kg body weight) over a 2-week period to induce CRC. IP6 was given in three concentrations, 0.2% (w/v), 0.5% (w/v), and 1.0% (w/v), via drinking water for 16 weeks. The deregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 have been implicated in colorectal tumorigenesis. β-Catenin and COX-2 expressions were analysed using the quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. Herein, we reported that the administration of IP6 markedly suppressed the incidence of tumors when compared to the control. Interestingly, the administration of IP6 had also markedly decreased β-catenin and COX-2 in colon tumors. Thus, the downregulation of β-catenin and COX-2 could play a role in inhibiting the CRC development induced by IP6 and thereby act as a potent anticancer agent.
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422
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423
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Russo R, Reggiani R. Variability of antinutritive compounds in flaxseed flours. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.4081/pb.2013.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of flaxseed flours in the diets of poultry and broilers may be limited by the presence of antinutritive compounds. The content of cyanogenic glycosides, phytic acid, condensed tannins and trypsin inhibitors was evaluated in seven varieties of<em> Linum usitatissimum</em>. Phytic acid, condensed tannins and trypsin inhibitors showed significant differences among varieties. Only the concentration of cyanogenic glycosides and phytic acid in the flour deserves attention, while the content of condensed tannins and trypsin inhibitors are to acceptable levels. Since the flax meal is an important source of omega-3 for poultry and broilers, the cyanogenic glycoside and phytic acid contents in linseed has to be reduced to increase the ration to be included in the diet.
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424
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Kim S, Eom MS, Seo SH, Han MS. Highly sensitive gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric probe for phytate detection with high selectivity over various phosphate derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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425
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Baye K, Mouquet-Rivier C, Icard-Vernière C, Picq C, Guyot JP. Changes in mineral absorption inhibitors consequent to fermentation of Ethiopianinjera: implications for predicted iron bioavailability and bioaccessibility. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaleab Baye
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition; Addis Ababa University; P.O. Box: 150201 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Christian Picq
- IRD UMR 204 Nutripass; IRD/UM1/UM2; BP 64501 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Jean-Pierre Guyot
- IRD UMR 204 Nutripass; IRD/UM1/UM2; BP 64501 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
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426
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Potential of phytase-mediated iron release from cereal-based foods: a quantitative view. Nutrients 2013; 5:3074-98. [PMID: 23917170 PMCID: PMC3775243 DOI: 10.3390/nu5083074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The major part of iron present in plant foods such as cereals is largely unavailable for direct absorption in humans due to complexation with the negatively charged phosphate groups of phytate (myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5,6)-hexakisphosphate). Human biology has not evolved an efficient mechanism to naturally release iron from iron phytate complexes. This narrative review will evaluate the quantitative significance of phytase-catalysed iron release from cereal foods. In vivo studies have shown how addition of microbially derived phytases to cereal-based foods has produced increased iron absorption via enzyme-catalysed dephosphorylation of phytate, indicating the potential of this strategy for preventing and treating iron deficiency anaemia. Despite the immense promise of this strategy and the prevalence of iron deficiency worldwide, the number of human studies elucidating the significance of phytase-mediated improvements in iron absorption and ultimately in iron status in particularly vulnerable groups is still low. A more detailed understanding of (1) the uptake mechanism for iron released from partially dephosphorylated phytate chelates, (2) the affinity of microbially derived phytases towards insoluble iron phytate complexes, and (3) the extent of phytate dephosphorylation required for iron release from inositol phosphates is warranted. Phytase-mediated iron release can improve iron absorption from plant foods. There is a need for development of innovative strategies to obtain better effects.
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427
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Liao H, Shelor CP, Chen Y, Sabaa-Srur AUO, Smith RE, Dasgupta PK. Anion composition of açaı́ extracts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:5928-5935. [PMID: 23772604 DOI: 10.1021/jf4014185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many products labeled açaı́ are presently marketed as natural supplements with various claimed health benefits. Authentic açaı́ is expensive; as a result, numerous products labeled as containing açaı́ are being sold that actually contain little or no açaı́. Authentic açaı́ samples from Brazil and Florida as well as several reputed açaı́ products were analyzed by suppressed conductometric anion chromatography. Columns with different selectivities were used to obtain a complete separation of all anions. Tandem mass spectrometry was used for confirmation of the less common ions. Quinate, lactate, acetate, formate, galacturonate, chloride, sulfate, malate, oxalate, phosphate, citrate, isocitrate, and myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (phytate) were found. Only the Florida açaı́ had detectable levels of hexanoate. No açaı́ sample had any detectable levels of tartrate, which is present in abundance in grape juice, the most common adulterant. The highly characteristic anion profile and in particular the absence of tartrate can readily be used to identify authentic açaı́ products. Açaı́ from Florida had a 6 times greater level of phytate. The present analytical approach for phytate may be superior to extant methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhu Liao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington Texas 76019-0065, United States
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428
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Nassar M, Hiraishi N, Islam MS, Aizawa M, Tamura Y, Otsuki M, Kasugai S, Ohya K, Tagami J. Effect of phytic acid used as etchant on bond strength, smear layer, and pulpal cells. Eur J Oral Sci 2013; 121:482-7. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noriko Hiraishi
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo; Japan
| | | | - Mamoru Aizawa
- Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology; Kanagawa; Japan
| | - Yukihiko Tamura
- Pharmacology, Department of Hard Tissue Engineering; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Masayuki Otsuki
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Shohei Kasugai
- Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine Graduate School; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Keiichi Ohya
- Pharmacology, Department of Hard Tissue Engineering; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo; Japan
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429
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Croze ML, Soulage CO. Potential role and therapeutic interests of myo-inositol in metabolic diseases. Biochimie 2013; 95:1811-27. [PMID: 23764390 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several inositol isomers and in particular myo-inositol (MI) and D-chiro-inositol (DCI), were shown to possess insulin-mimetic properties and to be efficient in lowering post-prandial blood glucose. In addition, abnormalities in inositol metabolism are associated with insulin resistance and with long term microvascular complications of diabetes, supporting a role of inositol or its derivatives in glucose metabolism. The aim of this review is to focus on the potential benefits of a dietary supplement of myo-inositol, by far the most common inositol isomer in foodstuffs, in human disorders associated with insulin resistance (polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome) or in prevention or treatment of some diabetic complications (neuropathy, nephropathy, cataract). The relevance of such a nutritional strategy will be discussed for each context on the basis of the clinical and/or animal studies. The dietary sources of myo-inositol and its metabolism from its dietary uptake to its renal excretion will be also covered in this review. Finally, the actual insights into inositol insulin-sensitizing effects will be addressed and in particular the possible role of inositol glycans as insulin second messengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine L Croze
- Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, CarMeN, INSERM U1060, Univ Lyon-1, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
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430
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Troesch B, Jing H, Laillou A, Fowler A. Absorption Studies Show that Phytase from Aspergillus niger Significantly Increases Iron and Zinc Bioavailability from Phytate-Rich Foods. Food Nutr Bull 2013; 34:S90-101. [DOI: 10.1177/15648265130342s111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Iron and zinc deficiency are major public health problems affecting many parts of the world, including Southeast Asia. Infants, young children, and women of reproductive age are particularly vulnerable due to their high requirements. Even though iron and zinc are present in significant amounts in the plant-based diets typically consumed in developing countries, their bioavailability is low due to high levels of absorption inhibitors such as phytate. Phytase has been used in animal nutrition for decades to improve the bioavailability of certain minerals in feed. Objective To show the effect of phytase in human nutrition based on evidence from human studies. Phytase can be used either during processing or as an active food ingredient degrading dietary phytate during stomach transit time. Methods Evidence from human studies testing the effect of phytase on iron and zinc bioavailability using stable isotopes was reviewed. Results Twelve studies tested the effect of phytase on iron and five tested its effect on zinc bioavailability. Most of these studies used a phytase derived from Aspergillus niger. They found a beneficial effect unless phytate concentrations were too low or levels of inhibitors or enhancers of iron absorption were too high. Twenty to 320 phytase units per 100 g of flour significantly improved iron absorption, even though higher levels might further increase iron bioavailability. For zinc, not enough information is available to determine optimal activities. Conclusions Phytase clearly has a beneficial effect on iron and zinc absorption from phytate-rich foods. It also has the potential to increase the absorption of magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus in areas such as Southeast Asia where mineral deficiencies are widespread.
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431
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Ross AB, Godin JP, Minehira K, Kirwan JP. Increasing whole grain intake as part of prevention and treatment of nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:585876. [PMID: 23762052 PMCID: PMC3670556 DOI: 10.1155/2013/585876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In conjunction with the rise in rates of obesity, there has been an increase in the rate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). While NAFLD at least partially originates from poor diet, there is a lack of nutritional recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed diagnosis of NAFLD, beyond eating a healthy diet, increasing physical activity, and emphasising weight loss. The limited current literature suggests that there may be opportunities to provide more tailored dietary advice for people diagnosed with or at risk of NAFLD. Epidemiological studies consistently find associations between whole grain intake and a reduced risk of obesity and related diseases, yet no work has been done on the potential of whole grains to prevent and/or be a part of the treatment for fatty liver diseases. In this review, we examine the potential and the current evidence for whole grains having an impact on NAFLD. Due to their nutrient and phytochemical composition, switching from consuming mainly refined grains to whole grains should be considered as part of the nutritional guidelines for patients diagnosed with or at risk for fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair B. Ross
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers chez les Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
- Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Kaori Minehira
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers chez les Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - John P. Kirwan
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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432
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Markiewicz L, Honke J, Haros M, Świątecka D, Wróblewska B. Diet shapes the ability of human intestinal microbiota to degrade phytate - in vitro
studies. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:247-59. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L.H. Markiewicz
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Olsztyn Poland
| | - J. Honke
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Olsztyn Poland
| | - M. Haros
- Cereal Group; Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology; IATA-CSIC; Valencia Spain
| | - D. Świątecka
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Olsztyn Poland
| | - B. Wróblewska
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Olsztyn Poland
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433
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Validation of an LC-MS bioanalytical method for quantification of phytate levels in rat, dog and human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 928:146-54. [PMID: 23639799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (phytate, IP6) is a naturally occuring compound whose determination in biological matrices is chanllenging. Several benefitial properties have been attributed to IP6 in parallel with the development of suitable analytical methodologies for its analytical determination in urine and some tissues. However, there is a lack of appropriate tools for its determination in plasma samples. In this paper, a direct, sensitive and selective bioanalytical method for the determination of IP6 based on LC-MS is presented. It is the first method published to quantify IP6 in plasma matrices directly through its molecular weight, being consequently a highly specific methodology. The method has been validated in rat, dog and human plasma, according to the acceptance criteria laid down in the FDA guidance Bioanalytical Method Validation. Accuracy and precision were not greater than 15% at medium and high concentrations and not greater than 20% at the LLOQ concentration. The mean absolute recovery obtained ranged from 78.74 to 102.44%, 62.10 to 87.21% and 61.61 to 86.99% for rat, dog and human plasma respectively. The LLOQ was 500ngmL(-1) due to the presence of endogenous IP6 in blank plasma samples and the limit of detection was within the range 30-80ngmL(-1).
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434
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Olmedilla-Alonso B, Pedrosa MM, Cuadrado C, Brito M, Asensio-S-Manzanera C, Asensio-Vegas C. Composition of two Spanish common dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), 'Almonga' and 'Curruquilla', and their postprandial effect in type 2 diabetics. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:1076-1082. [PMID: 22936114 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Legume consumption has been associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. However, the type of legume is a modifier of its effect. Two Spanish dry bean varieties-white ('Almonga') and cream ('Curruquilla')-were analyzed and used in a postprandial study in type 2 diabetics to assess glucose, insulin and triacylglycerol in blood. RESULTS 'Curruquilla' variety had higher total galactoside (stachyose, mainly), trypsin inhibitors and lectin content than 'Almonga'. The canning liquid was discarded prior to the analysis and the bean consumption by the subjects. The canning process reduced the total α-galactoside content (>50%), practically eliminated trypsin inhibitors, and no lectin content was found. After bean consumption, maximum glucose was obtained at 60 min and was three times lower than that in bread. After bean intake, maximum insulin was produced 60 min with 'Almonga' and occurred later (90 min) with 'Curruquilla' and bread. After 'Almonga' intake, the area under the curve response of triglycerides was 14% lower compared to bread (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS 'Almonga' and 'Curruquilla' are similar in the content of the nutritional but not in that of the antinutritional components. Both beans showed similar effects on blood glucose and insulin in type 2 diabetics and marked differences compared to those of bread in terms of magnitude and time course, but only 'Almonga' rendered a significant reduction in the triglyceridemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
- Departamento Metabolismo y Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN)-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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435
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436
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Frølich W, Aman P, Tetens I. Whole grain foods and health - a Scandinavian perspective. Food Nutr Res 2013; 57:18503. [PMID: 23411562 PMCID: PMC3572214 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v57i0.18503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The food-based dietary guidelines in the Scandinavian countries that recommend an intake of minimum 75 g whole grain per 10 MJ (2,388 kcal) per day are mainly derived from prospective cohort studies where quantitative but little qualitative details are available on whole grain products. The objective of the current paper is to clarify possible differences in nutritional and health effects of the types of whole grain grown and consumed in the Scandinavian countries. A further objective is to substantiate how processing may influence the nutritional value and potential health effects of different whole grains and whole grain foods. The most commonly consumed whole grain cereals in the Scandinavian countries are wheat, rye, and oats with a considerable inter-country variation in the consumption patterns and with barley constituting only a minor role. The chemical composition of these different whole grains and thus the whole grain products consumed vary considerably with regard to the content of macro- and micronutrients and bioactive components. A considerable amount of scientific substantiation shows that processing methods of the whole grains are important for the physiological and health effects of the final whole grain products. Future research should consider the specific properties of each cereal and its processing methods to further identify the uniqueness and health potentials of whole grain products. This would enable the authorities to provide more specific food-based dietary guidelines in relation to whole grain to the benefit of both the food industry and the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenche Frølich
- Norwegian School of Hotel Management, University of Stavanger, Jar, Norway
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437
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Sztam KA, Ndirangu M, Sheriff M, Arpadi SM, Hawken M, Rashid J, Deckelbaum RJ, El Sadr WM. Rationale and design of a study using a standardized locally procured macronutrient supplement as adjunctive therapy to HIV treatment in Kenya. AIDS Care 2013; 25:1138-44. [PMID: 23320565 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2012.752564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Poor nutritional status at initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is predictive of mortality. Decreased dietary intake is a major determinant of weight loss in HIV. Despite a biological rationale to treat undernutrition in adults receiving ART, few studies have provided data on feasibility, safety, effectiveness, and sustainability of specific macronutrient supplements with HIV treatment in adults, especially supplements such as a food basket, a supplement approach seldom evaluated in spite of its wide use. We present the rationale and design for a study of a locally procured macronutrient supplement given to HIV-infected patients initiating ART with a body mass index (BMI) ≤20.0 kg/m(2). The objective was to determine feasibility of procurement, distribution, safety and to obtain preliminary effectiveness data for a locally procured supplement. The design was a comparative study for 200 adult participants at two Kenya government-supported clinics. The primary outcome was BMI at 24 weeks. Supplement duration was 24 weeks, total follow-up was 48 weeks, and the study included a comparison site. Novel aspects of this study include use of a standardized macronutrient supplement to protect the participant against household food sharing, and a complementary micronutrient supplement. Comprehensive data collected included dietary intake, HIV-related quality-of-life, food security, neuropsychiatric assessments, laboratory studies, and household geomapping. Assessments were made at baseline, at 24 weeks, and at 48 weeks post-ART initiation. Challenges included establishing a partnership with local millers, distribution from the HIV clinic, food safety, and tracking of participants. These findings will help inform nutrition support programming in Kenya and similar settings, and provide needed data regarding use of macronutrient supplements as an adjunctive intervention with ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Sztam
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
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438
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Lai YP, Mondor M, Moresoli C, Drolet H, Gros-Louis M, Ippersiel D, Lamarche F, Arcand Y. Production of soy protein isolates with low phytic acid content by membrane technologies: Impact of the extraction and ultrafiltration/diafiltration conditions. J FOOD ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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439
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Tyson CC, Kuchibhatla M, Patel UD, Pun PH, Chang A, Nwankwo C, Joseph MA, Svetkey LP. Impact of Kidney Function on Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (Dash) Diet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 3. [PMID: 26380159 PMCID: PMC4569133 DOI: 10.4172/2167-1095.1000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Although the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet lowers blood pressure in adults with hypertension, how kidney function impacts this effect is not known. We evaluated whether Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) modifies the effect of the DASH diet on blood pressure, markers of mineral metabolism, and markers of kidney function. Methods Secondary analysis of the DASH-Sodium trial, a multicenter, randomized, controlled human feeding study that evaluated the blood pressure lowering effect of the DASH diet at three levels of sodium intake. Data from 92 participants with pre-hypertension or stage 1 hypertension during the 3450 mg /day sodium diet assignment contributed to this analysis. Stored frozen plasma and urine specimens were used to measure kidney related laboratory outcomes. Results Effects of the DASH diet on blood pressure, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone, creatinine, and albuminuria were not modified by baseline eGFR (mean 84.5 ± 18.0 ml/min/1.73 m2, range 44.1 to 138.6 ml/min/1.73 m2) or the presence of chronic kidney disease (N=13%). Conclusions The impact of the DASH diet on blood pressure, markers of mineral metabolism, and markers of kidney function does not appear to be modified by eGFR in this small subset of DASH-Sodium trial participants with relatively preserved kidney function. Whether greater reduction in eGFR modifies the effects of DASH on kidney related measures is yet to be determined. A larger study in individuals with more advanced kidney disease is needed to establish the efficacy and safety of the DASH diet in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal C Tyson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA ; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA ; Duke Hypertension Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maragatha Kuchibhatla
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Uptal D Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Patrick H Pun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alex Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA ; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Chinazo Nwankwo
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA ; Duke Hypertension Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Joseph
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Laura P Svetkey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA ; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA ; Duke Hypertension Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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440
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Calvo MS, Uribarri J. Contributions to total phosphorus intake: all sources considered. Semin Dial 2012; 26:54-61. [PMID: 23278245 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High serum phosphorus is linked to poor health outcome and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients before or after the initiation of dialysis. Dietary intake of phosphorus, a major determinant of serum phosphorus, seems to be systematically underestimated using the available software tools and generalized nutrient content databases. Several sources of dietary phosphorus including the addition of phosphorus ingredients in food processing, and phosphorus content of vitamin and mineral supplements and commonly used over-the-counter or prescription medications are not fully accounted for by the nutrient content databases and software programs in current clinical use or used in large population studies. In this review, we explore the many unknown sources of phosphorus in the food supply to identify all possible contributors to total phosphorus intake of Americans that have escaped inclusion in past intake estimates. Our goal is to help delineate areas for future interventions that will enable tighter control of dietary phosphorus intake, a critical factor to maintaining health and quality of life in CKD and dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona S Calvo
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Laurel, Maryland, USA
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441
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Méndez RO, Galdámez K, Grijalva MI, Quihui L, García HS, de la Barca AMC. Effect of Micronutrient-Fortified Milk on Zinc Intake and Plasma Concentration in Adolescent Girls. J Am Coll Nutr 2012; 31:408-14. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2012.10720467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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442
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Luo YW, Xie WH. Effects of polyphenol oxidation onin vitroiron availability in faba bean (Vicia fabaL.) flour. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Luo
- College of Horticulture; Jinling Institute of Technology; 210038; Nanjing; China
| | - Wei-Hua Xie
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences; Ministry of Environmental Protection; 210042; Nanjing; China
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443
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Roohani N, Hurrell R, Wegmueller R, Schulin R. Zinc and phytic acid in major foods consumed by a rural and a suburban population in central Iran. J Food Compost Anal 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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444
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Abizari AR, Moretti D, Schuth S, Zimmermann MB, Armar-Klemesu M, Brouwer ID. Phytic acid-to-iron molar ratio rather than polyphenol concentration determines iron bioavailability in whole-cowpea meal among young women. J Nutr 2012; 142:1950-5. [PMID: 22990464 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.164095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited data exist on iron absorption from NaFeEDTA and FeSO(4) in legume-based flours. The current study compared iron absorption from NaFeEDTA and FeSO(4) as fortificants within and between red and white varieties of cowpea with different concentrations of polyphenols (PP) but similar phytic acid (PA)-to-iron molar ratios. We performed a paired crossover study in young women (n = 16). Red-cowpea (high-PP) and white-cowpea (low-PP) test meals (Tubani) were each fortified with ((57)Fe)-labeled NaFeEDTA or ((58)Fe)-labeled FeSO(4) and were randomly administered. Iron absorption was measured as erythrocyte incorporation of stable iron isotopes. Per serving, the mean (±SD) PP concentrations of the white- and red-cowpea-based meals were 74 ± 3.6 and 158 ± 1.8 mg, respectively, and the molar ratio of PA to iron was 3.0 and 3.3. Iron bioavailabilities from red and white cowpeas were 1.4 and 1.7%, respectively, in NaFeEDTA-fortified meals and 0.89 and 1.2%, respectively, in FeSO(4)-fortified meals. Compared with FeSO(4), fortification with NaFeEDTA increased the amount of iron absorbed from either of the cowpea meals by 0.05 to 0.08 mg (P < 0.05). Irrespective of the fortificant used, there was no significant difference in the amount of iron absorbed from the 2 varieties of cowpea. The results suggest that NaFeEDTA is more bioavailable in legume-based flours compared with FeSO(4). In cowpea-based flours, the major determinant of low iron absorption may be the high molar ratio of PA to iron and not variations in PP concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Razak Abizari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
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445
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Luo Y, Xie W. Effect of phytase treatment on iron bioavailability in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) flour. Food Chem 2012; 134:1251-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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446
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Vadivel V, Biesalski HK. Bioactive Compounds in Velvet Bean Seeds: Effect of Certain Indigenous Processing Methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2010.513466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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447
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Etcheverry P, Grusak MA, Fleige LE. Application of in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability methods for calcium, carotenoids, folate, iron, magnesium, polyphenols, zinc, and vitamins B(6), B(12), D, and E. Front Physiol 2012; 3:317. [PMID: 22934067 PMCID: PMC3429087 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A review of in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability methods for polyphenols and selected nutrients is presented. The review focuses on in vitro solubility, dialyzability, the dynamic gastrointestinal model (TIM)™, and Caco-2 cell models, the latter primarily for uptake and transport, and a discussion of how these methods have been applied to generate data for a range of nutrients, carotenoids, and polyphenols. Recommendations are given regarding which methods are most justified for answering bioaccessibility or bioavailability related questions for specific nutrients. The need for more validation studies in which in vivo results are compared to in vitro results is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Etcheverry
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
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448
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Brouns F, Hemery Y, Price R, Anson NM. Wheat Aleurone: Separation, Composition, Health Aspects, and Potential Food Use. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2012; 52:553-68. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.589540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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449
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López-González AA, Grases F, Monroy N, Marí B, Vicente-Herrero MT, Tur F, Perelló J. Protective effect of myo-inositol hexaphosphate (phytate) on bone mass loss in postmenopausal women. Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:717-26. [PMID: 22614760 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this paper was to evaluate the relationship between urinary concentrations of InsP6, bone mass loss and risk fracture in postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 157 postmenopausal women were included in the study: 70 had low (≤0.76 μM), 42 intermediate (0.76-1.42 μM) and 45 high (≥1.42 μM) urinary phytate concentrations. Densitometry values for neck were measured at enrollment and after 12 months (lumbar spine and femoral neck), and 10-year risk fracture was calculated using the tool FRAX(®). RESULTS Individuals with low InsP6 levels had significantly greater bone mass loss in the lumbar spine (3.08 ± 0.65 % vs. 0.43 ± 0.55 %) than did those with high phytate levels. Moreover, a significantly greater percentage of women with low than with high InsP6 levels showed more than 2 % of bone mass loss in the lumbar spine (55.6 vs. 20.7 %). The 10-year fracture probability was also significantly higher in the low-phytate group compared to the high-phytate group, both in hip (0.37 ± 0.06 % vs 0.18 ± 0.04 %) and major osteoporotic fracture (2.45 ± 0.24 % vs 1.83 ± 0.11 %). DISCUSSION It can be concluded that high urinary phytate concentrations are correlated with reduced bone mass loss in lumbar spine over 12 months and with reduced 10-year probability of hip and major osteoporotic fracture, indicating that increased phytate consumption can prevent development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel A López-González
- Servicio de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales de GESMA (Gestión Sanitaria de Mallorca), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Shilpa KS, Jyothi lakshmi A. Comparison of enhancement in bioaccessible iron and zinc in native and fortified high-phytate oilseed and cereal composites by activating endogenous phytase. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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