401
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Zhang Y, Jiang N, Gan Z. In situ evaluation of cell cultivation on dynamically changed poly(ɛ-caprolactone) film caused by enzymatic degradation. Sci China Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-010-4214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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402
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Syedain ZH, Lahti MT, Johnson SL, Robinson PS, Ruth GR, Bianco RW, Tranquillo RT. Implantation of a Tissue-engineered Heart Valve from Human Fibroblasts Exhibiting Short Term Function in the Sheep Pulmonary Artery. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13239-011-0039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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403
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Nair LS, Bender JD, Singh A, Sethuraman S, Greish YE, Brown PW, Allcock HR, Laurencin CT. Biodegradable Poly[bis(ethyl alanato)phosphazene] - Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Blends: Miscibility and Osteocompatibility Evaluations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-844-y9.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTWe have previously demonstrated that blending biodegradable glycine co-substituted polyphosphazenes with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLAGA) results in novel biomaterials with versatile properties. The study showed that the degradation rate of polyphosphazene/PLAGA blends can be effectively controlled by varying the blend composition while at the same time the degradation products of polyphosphazenes effectively neutralized the acidic degradation products of PLAGA. In the present study, novel blends of hydrophobic, biodegradable polyphosphazene, poly[bis(ethyl alanato) phosphazene] (PNEA) and PLAGA (LA: GA; 85:15) were developed as candidates for bone tissue engineering applications. Two different blend compositions were developed by blending PNEA and PLAGA having weight ratios of 25:75 (Blend-1) and 50:50 (Blend-2) by the mutual solvent technique using dichloromethane as the solvent. The miscibility of the blends was determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface analysis of the blends by SEM revealed a smooth uniform surface for Blend-1, whereas Blend-2 showed evidence of phase separation. PNEA is not completely miscible with PLAGA, as evidenced from DSC and FT-IR measurements. The osteocompatibilities of Blend-1 and Blend-2 were compared to those of parent polymers by following the adhesion and proliferation of primary rat osteoblast cells on two dimensional (2-D) polymer and blend films over a 21 day period in culture. Blend films showed significantly higher cell numbers on the surface compared to PLAGA and PNEA films.
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404
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Janis AD, Johnson CC, Ernst DM, Brightman AO. Structural characteristics of small intestinal submucosa constructs dictate in vivo incorporation and angiogenic response. J Biomater Appl 2011; 26:1013-33. [PMID: 21273257 DOI: 10.1177/0885328210391688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The rate of angiogenesis and cellular infiltration into degradable biomaterials determines scaffold persistence in vivo. The ability to tune the degradation properties of naturally derived biomaterials has been a popular goal in tissue engineering, yet has often depended on chemical crosslinking. Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) is a naturally derived, collagen-based, bioactive scaffold that has broad clinical success in many therapeutic applications. Two methods for producing multilayer, non-crosslinked SIS constructs were compared in vitro and in vivo. Traditional and cryo SEM, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and a novel enzymatic degradation assay determined that lyophilization produced an open, porous scaffold, in contrast to the collapsed, denser structure of SIS constructs produced using a vacuum press process. The angiogenic responses to lyophilized and vacuum-pressed SIS constructs were evaluated in vivo using a subcutaneous implant assay in mice. Explanted samples were compared after 7 and 21 days using fluorescence microangiography and light microscopy. Capacity of the implant neovasculature was also determined. These experiments revealed that the lyophilized SIS was infiltrated and vascularized more rapidly than the vacuum pressed. These data demonstrate the tunable incorporation of a non-crosslinked ECM-based biomaterial, which may have implications for the persistence of this degradable scaffold in tissue engineering.
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405
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Bártolo PJ, Domingos M, Patrício T, Cometa S, Mironov V. Biofabrication Strategies for Tissue Engineering. COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN APPLIED SCIENCES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1254-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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406
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Liang Y, Liu W, Han B, Yang C, Ma Q, Zhao W, Rong M, Li H. Fabrication and characters of a corneal endothelial cells scaffold based on chitosan. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:175-183. [PMID: 21107657 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel chitosan-based membrane that made of hydroxyethyl chitosan, gelatin and chondroitin sulfate was used as a carrier of corneal endothelial cells. The characteristics of the blend membrane including transparency, equilibrium water content, ion and glucose permeability were determined. The results showed that the optical transparency of the membrane was as good as the natural human cornea. The water content of this scaffold was 81.32% which was remarkably close to the native cornea. The membrane had a good ion permeability and its glucose permeability was even higher than natural human cornea. The cultured rabbit corneal endothelial cells formed a monolayer on the membrane. The results demonstrated that the membrane was suitable for corneal endothelial cells to attach and grow on it. In addition, the membranes in vivo could be degraded steadily with less inflammation and showed a good histocompatibility. These results demonstrated that the hydroxyethyl chitosan-chondroitin sulfate-gelatin blend membrane can potentially be used as a carrier for corneal endothelial cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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407
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Pabittei DR, Heger M, Balm R, Meijer HEH, de Mol B, Beek JF. Electrospun Poly(ɛ-Caprolactone) Scaffold for Suture-Free Solder-Mediated Laser-Assisted Vessel Repair. Photomed Laser Surg 2011; 29:19-25. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2010.2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dara R. Pabittei
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michal Heger
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron Balm
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Han E. H. Meijer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polymer Technology Group, Technical University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bas de Mol
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Biomechanics Group, Technical University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Johan F. Beek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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408
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A sandwich model for engineering cartilage with acellular cartilage sheets and chondrocytes. Biomaterials 2010; 32:2265-73. [PMID: 21194746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acellular cartilage can provide a native extracellular matrix for cartilage engineering. However, it is difficult for cells to migrate into acellular cartilage because of its non-porous structure. The aim of this study is to establish a sandwich model for engineering cartilage with acellular cartilage sheets and chondrocytes. Cartilage from adult pig ear was cut into a circular cylinder with a diameter of approximately 6 mm and freeze-sectioned at thicknesses of 10 μm and 30 μm. The sheets were then decellularized and lyophilized. Chondrocytes isolated from newborn pig ear were expanded for 2 passages. The acellular sheets and chondrocytes were then stacked layer-by-layer, in a sandwich model, and cultured in dishes. After 4 weeks of cultivation, the constructs were then either maintained in culture for another 12 weeks or implanted subcutaneously in nude mouse. Histological analysis showed that cells were completely removed from cartilage sheets after decellularization. By re-seeding cells and stacking 20 layers of sheets together, a cylinder-shaped cell sheet was achieved. Cartilage-like tissues formed after 4 weeks of culture. Histological analyses showed the formation of cartilage with a typical lacunar structure. Cartilage formation was more efficient with 10 μm-thick sheets than with 30 μm sheets. Mature cartilage was achieved after 12 weeks of implantation, which was demonstrated by histology and confirmed by Safranin O, Toluidine blue and anti-type II collagen antibody staining. Furthermore, we achieved cartilage with a designed shape by pre-shaping the sheets prior to implantation. These results indicate that the sandwich model could be a useful model for engineering cartilage in vitro and in vivo.
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409
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Zhang X, Yang J, Li Y, Liu S, Long K, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Deng Z, Jin Y. Functional neovascularization in tissue engineering with porcine acellular dermal matrix and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 17:423-33. [PMID: 21062229 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2010.0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells-matrix interactions play an important role in promoting and controlling network formation. In this study, porcine acellular dermal matrix (PADM) was used to guide human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) adhesion and proliferation as a potential system for vascularization of engineered tissues. We fabricated PADM using a modified protocol and assessed their composition and ultrastructures. Subsequently, the viability of HUVECs and the formation of capillary-like networks were evaluated by seeding cells directly on PADM scaffolds or PADM digests in vitro. We further investigated the function of the HUVECs seeded on the PADM scaffolds after subcutaneous transplantation in athymic mice. Moreover, the function of the neovessels formed in the PADM scaffolds was assessed by implantation into cutaneous wounds on the backs of mice. The results showed that PADM scaffolds significantly increased proliferation of HUVECs, and the PADM digest induced HUVECs formed many tube-like structures. Moreover, HUVECs seeded on the PADM scaffolds formed numerous capillary-like networks and some perfused vascular structures after implantation into mice. PADM seeded with HUVECs and fibroblasts were also able to form many capillary-like networks in vitro. Further, these neovessels could inosculate with the murine vasculature after implantation into cutaneous wounds in mice. The advantage of this method is that the decellularized matrix not only provides signals to maintain the viability of endothelial cells but also serves as the template structure for regenerated tissue. These findings indicate that PADM seeded with HUVECs may be a potential system for successful engineering of large, thick, and complex tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhang
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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410
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Soletti L, Nieponice A, Hong Y, Ye SH, Stankus JJ, Wagner WR, Vorp DA. In vivo performance of a phospholipid-coated bioerodable elastomeric graft for small-diameter vascular applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 96:436-48. [PMID: 21171163 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There remains a great need for vascular substitutes for small-diameter applications. The use of an elastomeric biodegradable material, enabling acute antithrombogenicity and long-term in vivo remodeling, could be beneficial for this purpose. Conduits (1.3 mm internal diameter) were obtained by electrospinning biodegradable poly(ester urethane)urea (PEUU), and by luminally immobilizing a non-thrombogenic, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) copolymer. Platelet adhesion was characterized in vitro after contact with ovine blood. The conduits were implanted as aortic interposition grafts in the rat for 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks. Surface treatment resulted in a 10-fold decrease in platelet adhesion compared to untreated material. Patency at 8 weeks was 92% for the coated grafts compared to 40% for the non-coated grafts. Histology at 8 and 12 weeks demonstrated formation of cellularized neotissue consisting of aligned collagen and elastin. The lumen of the grafts was confluent with cells qualitatively aligned in the direction of blood flow. Immunohistochemistry suggested the presence of smooth muscle cells in the medial layer of the neotissue and endothelial cells lining the lumen. Mechanically, the grafts were less compliant than rat aortas prior to implantation (4.5 ± 2.0 × 10(-4) mmHg(-1) vs. 14.2 ± 1.1 × 10(-4) mmHg(-1) , respectively), then after 4 weeks in vivo they approximated native values, but subsequently became stiffer again at later time points. The novel coated grafts exhibited promising antithrombogenic and mechanical properties for small-diameter arterial revascularization. Further evaluation in vivo will be required to demonstrate complete remodeling of the graft into a native-like artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Soletti
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, USA
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411
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Blit PH, Shen YH, Ernsting MJ, Woodhouse KA, Santerre JP. Bioactivation of porous polyurethane scaffolds using fluorinated RGD surface modifiers. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:1226-35. [PMID: 20694989 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial scaffolds for tissue engineering require appropriate cell adhesion, proliferation, and infiltration into their three-dimensional (3D) porous structures. Surface modification techniques have the potential to enhance cell infiltration into synthetic scaffolds while retaining bulk material properties intact. The objective of this work was to assess the potential of achieving a uniform surface modification in 3D porous constructs through the blending of surface-modifying additives known as bioactive fluorinated surface modifiers (BFSMs) with a base polyurethane material. By coupling RGD peptides to the fluorinated surface modifiers to form RGD-BFSMs, the BFSMs can act as a vehicle for the delivery of RGD moieties to the surface without direct covalent attachment to the polymer substrate. Fluorescent RGD-BFSMs were shown to migrate to the polymer-air interfaces within the porous scaffolds by two-photon confocal microscopy. A-10 rat aortic smooth muscle cells were cultured for 4 weeks on nonmodified and RGD-BFSM-modified porous scaffolds, and cell adhesion, proliferation, and viability were quantified at different depths. RGD-BFSM-modified scaffolds showed significantly greater cell numbers within deeper regions of the scaffolds, and this difference became more pronounced over time. This study demonstrates an effective approach to promote cell adhesion and infiltration within thick (approximately 0.5 cm) porous synthetic scaffolds by providing a uniform distribution of adhesive peptide throughout the scaffolds without the use of covalent surface reaction chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Blit
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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412
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Kang SW, Lee SJ, Kim JS, Choi EH, Cha BH, Shim JH, Cho DW, Lee SH. Effect of a Scaffold Fabricated Thermally from Acetylated PLGA on the Formation of Engineered Cartilage. Macromol Biosci 2010; 11:267-74. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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413
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Syedain ZH, Meier LA, Bjork JW, Lee A, Tranquillo RT. Implantable arterial grafts from human fibroblasts and fibrin using a multi-graft pulsed flow-stretch bioreactor with noninvasive strength monitoring. Biomaterials 2010; 32:714-22. [PMID: 20934214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered arteries based on entrapment of human dermal fibroblasts in fibrin gel yield completely biological vascular grafts that possess circumferential alignment characteristic of native arteries and essential to their mechanical properties. A bioreactor was developed to condition six grafts in the same culture medium while being subjected to similar cyclic distension and transmural flow resulting from pulsed flow distributed among the graft lumens via a manifold. The lumenal pressure and circumferential stretch were noninvasively monitored and used to calculate stiffness in the range of 80-120 mmHg and then to successfully predict graft burst strength. The length of the graft was incrementally shortened during bioreactor culture to maintain circumferential alignment and achieve mechanical anisotropy comparable to native arteries. After 7-9 weeks of bioreactor culture, the fibrin-based grafts were extensively remodeled by the fibroblasts into circumferentially-aligned tubes of collagen and other extracellular matrix with burst pressures in the range of 1400-1600 mmHg and compliance comparable to native arteries. The tissue suture retention force was also suitable for implantation in the rat model and, with poly(lactic acid) sewing rings entrapped at both ends of the graft, also in the ovine model. The strength achieved with a biological scaffold in such a short duration is unprecedented for an engineered artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan H Syedain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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414
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Effect of biomimetic 3D environment of an injectable polymeric scaffold on MG-63 osteoblastic-cell response. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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415
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Pabittei DR, Heger M, Beek JF, van Tuijl S, Simonet M, van der Wal AC, de Mol BA, Balm R. Optimization of suture-free laser-assisted vessel repair by solder-doped electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffold. Ann Biomed Eng 2010; 39:223-34. [PMID: 20835847 PMCID: PMC3010218 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-010-0157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Poor welding strength constitutes an obstacle in the clinical employment of laser-assisted vascular repair (LAVR) and anastomosis. We therefore investigated the feasibility of using electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold as reinforcement material in LAVR of medium-sized vessels. In vitro solder-doped scaffold LAVR (ssLAVR) was performed on porcine carotid arteries or abdominal aortas using a 670-nm diode laser, a solder composed of 50% bovine serum albumin and 0.5% methylene blue, and electrospun PCL scaffolds. The correlation between leaking point pressures (LPPs) and arterial diameter, the extent of thermal damage, structural and mechanical alterations of the scaffold following ssLAVR, and the weak point were investigated. A strong negative correlation existed between LPP and vessel diameter, albeit LPP (484±111 mmHg) remained well above pathophysiological pressures. Histological analysis revealed that thermal damage extended into the medial layer with a well-preserved internal elastic lamina and endothelial cells. Laser irradiation of PCL fibers and coagulation of solder material resulted in a strong and stiff scaffold. The weak point of the ssLAVR modality was predominantly characterized by cohesive failure. In conclusion, ssLAVR produced supraphysiological LPPs and limited tissue damage. Despite heat-induced structural/mechanical alterations of the scaffold, PCL is a suitable polymer for weld reinforcement in medium-sized vessel ssLAVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara R. Pabittei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Heger
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan F. Beek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marc Simonet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University Eindhoven, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Allard C. van der Wal
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas A. de Mol
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- HemoLab, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University Eindhoven, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Balm
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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416
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Santo VE, Duarte ARC, Gomes ME, Mano JF, Reis RL. Hybrid 3D structure of poly(d,l-lactic acid) loaded with chitosan/chondroitin sulfate nanoparticles to be used as carriers for biomacromolecules in tissue engineering. J Supercrit Fluids 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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417
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Chong MSK, Teoh SH, Teo EY, Zhang ZY, Lee CN, Koh S, Choolani M, Chan J. Beyond Cell Capture: Antibody Conjugation Improves Hemocompatibility for Vascular Tissue Engineering Applications. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:2485-95. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Seow Khoon Chong
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Materials Applications and Technology (BIOMAT), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Swee-Hin Teoh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Materials Applications and Technology (BIOMAT), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erin Yiling Teo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Materials Applications and Technology (BIOMAT), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Materials Applications and Technology (BIOMAT), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chueng Neng Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephen Koh
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerry Chan
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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418
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Kawase T, Yamanaka K, Suda Y, Kaneko T, Okuda K, Kogami H, Nakayama H, Nagata M, Wolff LF, Yoshie H. Collagen-coated poly(L-lactide-co-ɛ-caprolactone) film: a promising scaffold for cultured periosteal sheets. J Periodontol 2010; 81:1653-62. [PMID: 20629552 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that human periosteal sheets prepared on culture dishes function as an osteogenic "graft material" applicable to periodontal regenerative therapy. However, a lower level of initial adhesion of the excised periosteum tissue segments to culture dishes was a critical point that compromised the successful preparation of functional periosteal sheets. To improve on this weakness, we developed a transparent, biodegradable poly(L-lactide-co-ɛ-caprolactone) (LCL) film and tested its function as a scaffold and carrier of periosteal sheets. METHODS Human periosteum tissue segments excised from alveolar bone of healthy donors were cultured on type I atelocollagen-coated LCL films. Initial adhesion was examined by simple agitation. Cell outgrowth and in vitro mineralization were cytohistochemically examined. Osteogenic activity was histochemically examined in an animal implantation model using nude mice. RESULTS Surface collagen-coating modified the hydrophobic nature of LCL and substantially improved the initial adhesion. Compared to cultures in plastic dishes, the growth rate was delayed in non-coated films, but not in collagen-coated films. In the trimming process for animal implantation, periosteal sheets were frequently detached from non-coated films, but not from collagen-coated films. Regardless of collagen-coating, LCL films did not cause any significant infiltration of inflammatory cells, or negatively impact mineralized tissue formation. CONCLUSIONS Collagen-coating improved the initial adhesion of periosteum segments, which facilitated cell outgrowth and also handling efficiency on implantation. Therefore, we believe that once evaluated in human studies, our collagen-coated LCL film will contribute to improving the periodontal regenerative methodology with the application of cultured autologous periosteal sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kawase
- Division of Oral Bioengineering, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstitution, Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
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419
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Mittal A, Negi P, Garkhal K, Verma S, Kumar N. Integration of porosity and bio-functionalization to form a 3D scaffold: cell culture studies and
in vitro
degradation. Biomed Mater 2010; 5:045001. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/5/4/045001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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420
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Yang B, Yin Z, Cao J, Shi Z, Zhang Z, Song H, Liu F, Caterson B. In vitro cartilage tissue engineering using cancellous bone matrix gelatin as a biodegradable scaffold. Biomed Mater 2010; 5:045003. [PMID: 20539056 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/5/4/045003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we constructed tissue-engineered cartilage using allogeneic cancellous bone matrix gelatin (BMG) as a scaffold. Allogeneic BMG was prepared by sequential defatting, demineralization and denaturation. Isolated rabbit chondrocytes were seeded onto allogeneic cancellous BMG, and cell-BMG constructs were harvested after 1, 3 and 6 weeks for evaluation by hematoxylin and eosin staining for overall morphology, toluidine blue for extracellular matrix (ECM) proteoglycans, immunohistochemical staining for collagen type II and a transmission electron microscope for examining cellular microstructure on BMG. The prepared BMG was highly porous with mechanical strength adjustable by duration of demineralization and was easily trimmed for tissue repair. Cancellous BMG showed favorable porosity for cell habitation and metabolism material exchange with larger pore sizes (100-500 microm) than in cortical BMG (5-15 microm), allowing cell penetration. Cancellous BMG also showed good biocompatibility, which supported chondrocyte proliferation and sustained their differentiated phenotype in culture for up to 6 weeks. Rich and evenly distributed cartilage ECM proteoglycans and collagen type II were observed around chondrocytes on the surface and inside the pores throughout the cancellous BMG. Considering the large supply of banked bone allografts and relatively convenient preparation, our study suggests that allogeneic cancellous BMG is a promising scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road, No 76, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
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421
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Wang X, Kan B, Wang Y, Dong P, Shi S, Guo G, Zhao Y, Luo F, Zhao X, Wei Y, Qian Z. Safety Evaluation of Amphiphilic Three-Armed Star-Shaped Copolymer Micelles. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:2830-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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422
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Haberstroh K, Ritter K, Kuschnierz J, Bormann KH, Kaps C, Carvalho C, Mülhaupt R, Sittinger M, Gellrich NC. Bone repair by cell-seeded 3D-bioplotted composite scaffolds made of collagen treated tricalciumphosphate or tricalciumphosphate-chitosan-collagen hydrogel or PLGA in ovine critical-sized calvarial defects. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 93:520-30. [PMID: 20225216 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the osteogenic effect of three different cell-seeded 3D-bioplotted scaffolds in a ovine calvarial critical-size defect model. The choice of scaffold-materials was based on their applicability for 3D-bioplotting and respective possibility to produce tailor-made scaffolds for the use in cranio-facial surgery for the replacement of complex shaped boneparts. Scaffold raw-materials are known to be osteoinductive when being cell-seeded [poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)] or having components with osteoinductive properties as tricalciumphosphate (TCP) or collagen (Col) or chitosan. The scaffold-materials PLGA, TCP/Col, and HYDR (TCP/Col/chitosan) were cell-seeded with osteoblast-like cells whether gained from bone (OLB) or from periost (OLP). In a prospective and randomized design nine sheep underwent osteotomy to create four critical-sized calvarial defects. Three animals each were assigned to the HYDR-, the TCP/Col-, or the PLGA-group. In each animal, one defect was treated with a cell-free, an OLB- or OLP-seeded group-specific scaffold, respectively. The fourth defect remained untreated as control (UD). Fourteen weeks later, animals were euthanized for histo-morphometrical analysis of the defect healing. OLB- and OLP-seeded HYDR and OLB-seeded TCP/Col scaffolds significantly increased the amount of newly formed bone (NFB) at the defect bottom and OLP-seeded HYDR also within the scaffold area, whereas PLGA-scaffolds showed lower rates. The relative density of NFB was markedly higher in the HYDR/OLB group compared to the corresponding PLGA group. TCP/Col had good stiffness to prepare complex structures by bioplotting but HYDR and PLGA were very soft. HYDR showed appropriate biodegradation, TCP/Col and PLGA seemed to be nearly undegraded after 14 weeks. 3D-bioplotted, cell-seeded HYDR and TCP/Col scaffolds increased the amount of NFB within ovine critical-size calvarial defects, but stiffness, respectively, biodegradation of materials is not appropriate for the application in cranio-facial surgery and have to be improved further by modifications of the manufacturing process or their material composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Haberstroh
- Department of Rheumatology, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Charité-University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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423
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Kim YH, Jyoti MA, Youn MH, Youn HS, Seo HS, Lee BT, Song HY. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a macro porous β-TCP granule-shaped bone substitute fabricated by the fibrous monolithic process. Biomed Mater 2010; 5:35007. [PMID: 20460686 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/5/3/035007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granule was fabricated using the fibrous monolithic (FM) process and its in vitro biocompatibility and in vivo bone formation were evaluated. SEM micrograph images showed that MG-63 cells attached to the surfaces of the implant and were well proliferated. Cellular viability was as high as 75% in a50% extract dilution solution. cDNA micro array analysis was also carried out. In this analysis, we found a total of 12 up-regulated and 25 down-regulated genes. Four rabbits were used in the in vivo experiments. 3D micro-CT images showed that the formation of new bone was almost three times greater than that of normal trabecular bone (BV/TV). The histomorphometric results correlated with the micro-CT findings; a greater amount of new bone formation and osteoblast lineage along with osteocytes were observed in the implanted animals. Also x-ray radiographic and 2D micro-CT images were taken to demonstrate the superior biodegradability of the porous granule. As biodegradation occurred along with bone formation, 6 months after implantation, the porous granule structure was not distinguishable separately from that of the trabecular bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hee Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnum 330-090, Korea
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424
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Chung YI, Kim SK, Lee YK, Park SJ, Cho KO, Yuk SH, Tae G, Kim YH. Efficient revascularization by VEGF administration via heparin-functionalized nanoparticle–fibrin complex. J Control Release 2010; 143:282-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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425
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Pham EA, Ho WJ, Kamei DT, Wu BM. Modification of the diphenylamine assay for cell quantification in three-dimensional biodegradable polymeric scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 92:499-507. [PMID: 19957351 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems gain popularity in biomedical research, reliable assays for cell proliferation within 3D matrices become more important. Although many cell quantification techniques have been established for cells cultured on nondegradable plastic culture dishes and cells suspended in media, it is becoming increasingly clear that cell quantification after prolonged culture in 3D polymeric scaffolds imposes unique challenges because the added presence of polymeric materials may contribute to background signal via various mechanisms including autofluorescence, diffusion gradients, and sequestering effects. Thus, additional steps are required to ensure complete isolation of cells from the 3D scaffold. The diphenylamine assay isolates cellular DNA, degrades the polymeric matrix materials, and reacts with the DNA to yield a colorimetric response. Thus, we report here a practical modification of the diphenylamine assay and show that the assay quantifies cells in 3D polyester scaffolds reliably and reproducibly as long as the necessary amount of the acidic working reagent is present. Our study also demonstrates that the sensitivity of the assay can be optimized by controlling the dimensions of the sampling volume. Overall, the DPA assay offers an attractive solution for challenges associated with 3D cell quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Pham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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426
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Effect of porogen on the physico-chemical properties and degradation performance of PLGA scaffolds. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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427
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Deng M, Nair LS, Nukavarapu SP, Jiang T, Kanner WA, Li X, Kumbar SG, Weikel AL, Krogman NR, Allcock HR, Laurencin CT. Dipeptide-based polyphosphazene and polyester blends for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2010; 31:4898-908. [PMID: 20334909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyphosphazene-polyester blends are attractive materials for bone tissue engineering applications due to their controllable degradation pattern with non-toxic and neutral pH degradation products. In our ongoing quest for an ideal completely miscible polyphosphazene-polyester blend system, we report synthesis and characterization of a mixed-substituent biodegradable polyphosphazene poly[(glycine ethyl glycinato)(1)(phenyl phenoxy)(1)phosphazene] (PNGEG/PhPh) and its blends with a polyester. Two dipeptide-based blends namely 25:75 (Matrix1) and 50:50 (Matrix2) were produced at two different weight ratios of PNGEG/PhPh to poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) (PLAGA). Blend miscibility was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Both blends resulted in higher tensile modulus and strength than the polyester. The blends showed a degradation rate in the order of Matrix2<Matrix1<PLAGA in phosphate buffered saline at 37 degrees C over 12 weeks. Significantly higher pH values of degradation media were observed for blends compared to PLAGA confirming the neutralization of PLAGA acidic degradation by polyphosphazene hydrolysis products. The blend components PLAGA and polyphosphazene exhibited a similar degradation pattern as characterized by the molecular weight loss. Furthermore, blends demonstrated significantly higher osteoblast growth rates compared to PLAGA while maintaining osteoblast phenotype over a 21-day culture. Both blends demonstrated improved biocompatibility in a rat subcutaneous implantation model compared to PLAGA over 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030-3800, USA
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428
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Golub JS, Kim YT, Duvall CL, Bellamkonda RV, Gupta D, Lin AS, Weiss D, Robert Taylor W, Guldberg RE. Sustained VEGF delivery via PLGA nanoparticles promotes vascular growth. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H1959-65. [PMID: 20228260 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00199.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Technologies to increase tissue vascularity are critically important to the fields of tissue engineering and cardiovascular medicine. Currently, limited technologies exist to encourage angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in a controlled manner. In the present study, we describe an injectable controlled release system consisting of VEGF encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). The majority of VEGF was released gradually over 2-4 days from the NPs as determined by an ELISA release kinetics experiment. An in vitro aortic ring bioassay was used to verify the bioactivity of VEGF-NPs compared with empty NPs and no treatment. A mouse femoral artery ischemia model was then used to measure revascularization in VEGF-NP-treated limbs compared with limbs treated with naked VEGF and saline. 129/Sv mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, and a region of the common femoral artery and vein was ligated and excised. Mice were then injected with VEGF-NPs, naked VEGF, or saline. After 4 days, three-dimensional microcomputed tomography angiography was used to quantify vessel growth and morphology. Mice that received VEGF-NP treatment showed a significant increase in total vessel volume and vessel connectivity compared with 5 microg VEGF, 2.5 microg VEGF, and saline treatment (all P < 0.001). When the yield of the fabrication process was taken into account, VEGF-NPs were over an order of magnitude more potent than naked VEGF in increasing blood vessel volume. Differences between the VEGF-NP group and all other groups were even greater when only small-sized vessels under 300 mum diameter were analyzed. In conclusion, sustained VEGF delivery via PLGA NPs shows promise for encouraging blood vessel growth in tissue engineering and cardiovascular medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Golub
- Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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429
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Nickerson MM, Song J, Shuptrine CW, Wieghaus KA, Botchwey EA, Price RJ. Influence of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microsphere degradation on arteriolar remodeling in the mouse dorsal skinfold window chamber. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 91:317-23. [PMID: 18980190 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a biodegradable polymer that is widely used for drug delivery. However, the degradation of PLGA alters the local microenvironment and may influence tissue structure and/or function. Here, we studied whether PLGA degradation affects the structure of the arteriolar microcirculation through arteriogenic expansion of maximum lumenal diameters and/or the formation of new smooth muscle-coated vessels. Single microspheres comprised of 50:50 PLGA (521 +/- 52.7 microm diameter), 50:50 PLGA with bovine serum albumin (BSA) (547 +/- 62.2 microm), 85:15 PLGA (474 +/- 52.6 microm), or 85:15 PLGA with BSA (469 +/- 57.2 microm) were implanted into mouse dorsal skinfold window chambers, and longitudinal arteriolar diameter measurements were made in the presence of a vasodilator (10(-4)M adenosine) over 7 days. At the end of the 7-day period, the length density of all smooth muscle-coated microvessels was also determined. Implantation of the window chamber alone elicited a 22% increase in maximum arteriolar diameter. However, the addition of 85:15 and 50:50 PLGA microspheres, bearing either BSA or no protein, elicited a significant enhancement of this arteriogenic response, with final maximum arteriolar diameters ranging from 36 to 46% more than their original size. Interestingly, the influence of PLGA degradation on microvascular structure was limited to lumenal arteriolar expansion, as we observed no significant differences in length density of smooth muscle-coated microvessels. We conclude that the degradation of PLGA microspheres may elicit an arteriogenic response in subcutaneous tissue in the dorsal skinfold window chamber; however, it has no apparent effect on the total length of smooth muscle-coated microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan M Nickerson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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430
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Establishing a model spinal cord injury in the African green monkey for the preclinical evaluation of biodegradable polymer scaffolds seeded with human neural stem cells. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 188:258-69. [PMID: 20219534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Given the involvement of post-mitotic neurons, long axonal tracts and incompletely elucidated injury and repair pathways, spinal cord injury (SCI) presents a particular challenge for the creation of preclinical models to robustly evaluate longitudinal changes in neuromotor function in the setting in the presence and absence of intervention. While rodent models exhibit high degrees of spontaneous recovery from SCI injury, animal care concerns preclude complete cord transections in non-human primates and other larger vertebrate models. To overcome such limitations a segmental thoracic (T9-T10) spinal cord hemisection was created and characterized in the African green monkey. Physiological tolerance of the model permitted behavioral analyses for a prolonged period post-injury, extending to predefined study termination points at which histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Four monkeys were evaluated (one receiving no implant at the lesion site, one receiving a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) scaffold, and two receiving PLGA scaffolds seeded with human neural stem cells (hNSC)). All subjects exhibited Brown-Séquard syndrome 2 days post-injury consisting of ipsilateral hindlimb paralysis and contralateral hindlimb hypesthesia with preservation of bowel and bladder function. A 20-point observational behavioral scoring system allowed quantitative characterization of the levels of functional recovery. Histological endpoints including silver degenerative staining and Iba1 immunohistochemistry, for microglial and macrophage activation, were determined to reliably define lesion extent and correlate with neurobehavioral data, and justify invasive telemetered electromyographic and kinematic studies to more definitively address efficacy and mechanism.
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431
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Roosa SMM, Kemppainen JM, Moffitt EN, Krebsbach PH, Hollister SJ. The pore size of polycaprolactone scaffolds has limited influence on bone regeneration in an in vivo model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:359-68. [PMID: 19189391 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering scaffolds should be designed to optimize mass transport, cell migration, and mechanical integrity to facilitate and enhance new bone growth. Although many scaffold parameters could be modified to fulfill these requirements, pore size is an important scaffold characteristic that can be rigorously controlled with indirect solid freeform fabrication. We explored the effect of pore size on bone regeneration and scaffold mechanical properties using polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds designed with interconnected, cylindrical orthogonal pores. Three scaffold designs with unique microarchitectures were fabricated, having pore sizes of 350, 550, or 800 microm. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 transduced human gingival fibroblasts were suspended in fibrin gel, seeded into scaffolds, and implanted subcutaneously in immuno-compromised mice for 4 or 8 weeks. We found that (1) modulus and peak stress of the scaffold/bone constructs depended on pore size and porosity at 4 weeks but not at 8 weeks, (2) bone growth inside pores depended on pore size at 4 weeks but not at 8 weeks, and (3) the length of implantation time had a limited effect on scaffold/bone construct properties. In conclusion, pore sizes between 350 and 800 microm play a limited role in bone regeneration in this tissue engineering model. Therefore, it may be advantageous to explore the effects of other scaffold structural properties, such as pore shape, pore interconnectivity, or scaffold permeability, on bone regeneration when designing PCL scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Mantila Roosa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2099, USA
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432
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Donegan GC, Hunt JA, Rhodes N. Investigating the importance of flow when utilizing hyaluronan scaffolds for tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2010; 4:83-95. [DOI: 10.1002/term.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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433
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BMP-2/PLGA delayed-release microspheres composite graft, selection of bone particulate diameters, and prevention of aseptic inflammation for bone tissue engineering. Ann Biomed Eng 2010; 38:632-9. [PMID: 20049636 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-009-9888-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Autogenous bone grafts are widely used in the repair of bone defects. Growth factors such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) can induce bone regeneration and enhance bone growth. The combination of an autogenous bone graft and BMP-2 may provide a better osteogenic effect than either treatment alone, but BMP-2 is easily inactivated in body fluid. The objective of this study was to develop a technique that can better preserve the in vivo activity of BMP-2 incorporated in bone grafts. In this study, we first prepared BMP-2/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) delayed-release microspheres, and then combined collagen, the delayed-release microspheres, and rat autologous bone particulates to form four groups of composite grafts with different combinations: collagen in group A; collagen combined with bone particulates in group B; collagen combined with BMP-2/PLGA delayed-release microspheres in group C; and collagen combined with both bone particulates and BMP-2/PLGA delayed-release microspheres in group D. The four groups of composite grafts were implanted into the gluteus maximus pockets in rats. The ectopic osteogenesis and ALP level in group D (experimental group) were compared with those in groups A, B, and C (control groups) to study whether it had higher osteogenic capability. Results showed that the composite graft design increased the utility of BMP-2 and reduced the required dose of BMP-2 and volume of autologous bone. The selection of bone particulate diameter had an impact on the osteogenetic potential of bone grafts. Collagen prevented the occurrence of aseptic inflammation and improved the osteoinductivity of BMP-2. These results showed that this composite graft design is effective and feasible for use in bone repair.
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434
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McCullen SD, Haslauer CM, Loboa EG. Fiber-reinforced scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: use of traditional textile substrates to nanofibrous arrays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm01443e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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435
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Nam JH, Noh KL, Pang EO, Yu WG, Kang ES, Kweon HY, Kim SG, Park YJ. The effect of silk fibroin and rhBMP-2 on bone regeneration in rat calvarial defect model. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2010.36.5.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hun Nam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Clinical Graduate School of Dentistry, Hallym University, Korea
| | - Kyung-Lok Noh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Clinical Graduate School of Dentistry, Hallym University, Korea
| | - Eun-O Pang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Clinical Graduate School of Dentistry, Hallym University, Korea
| | - Woo-Geun Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Clinical Graduate School of Dentistry, Hallym University, Korea
| | - Eung-Sun Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Clinical Graduate School of Dentistry, Hallym University, Korea
| | - Hae-Yong Kweon
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Korea
| | - Young-Ju Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Clinical Graduate School of Dentistry, Hallym University, Korea
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436
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Haidar ZS, Azari F, Hamdy RC, Tabrizian M. Modulated release of OP-1 and enhanced preosteoblast differentiation using a core-shell nanoparticulate system. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 91:919-28. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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437
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Chernenko T, Matthäus C, Milane L, Quintero L, Amiji M, Diem M. Label-free Raman spectral imaging of intracellular delivery and degradation of polymeric nanoparticle systems. ACS NANO 2009; 3:3552-9. [PMID: 19863088 DOI: 10.1021/nn9010973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Novel optical imaging methods, such as Raman microspectroscopy, have been gaining recognition in their ability to obtain noninvasively the distribution of biochemical components of a sample. Raman spectroscopy in combination with optical microscopy provides a label-free method to assess and image cellular processes, without the use of extrinsic fluorescent dyes. The submicrometer resolution of the confocal Raman instrumentation allows us to image cellular organelles on the scale of conventional microscopy. We used the technique to monitor subcellular degradation patterns of two biodegradable nanocarrier systems-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Our results suggest that both drug-delivery systems eventually are incorporated into Golgi-associated vesicles of late endosomes. These processes were monitored via the decrease of the molecule-characteristic peaks of PCL and PLGA. As the catabolic pathways proceed, shifts and variations in peak intensities and intensity ratios in the rendered Raman spectra unequivocally delineate their degradation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Chernenko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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438
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Petersen LK, Sackett CK, Narasimhan B. Novel, High Throughput Method to Study in Vitro Protein Release from Polymer Nanospheres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 12:51-6. [DOI: 10.1021/cc900116c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. K. Petersen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - C. K. Sackett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - B. Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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439
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440
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Rezende RA, Bártolo PJ, Mendes A, Filho RM. Rheological behavior of alginate solutions for biomanufacturing. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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441
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Baroli B. From natural bone grafts to tissue engineering therapeutics: Brainstorming on pharmaceutical formulative requirements and challenges. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:1317-75. [PMID: 18729202 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an emerging multidisciplinary field of investigation focused on the regeneration of diseased or injured tissues through the delivery of appropriate molecular and mechanical signals. Therefore, bone tissue engineering covers all the attempts to reestablish a normal physiology or to speed up healing of bone in all musculoskeletal disorders and injuries that are lashing modern societies. This article attempts to give a pharmaceutical perspective on the production of engineered man-made bone grafts that are described as implantable tissue engineering therapeutics, and to highlight the importance of understanding bone composition and structure, as well as osteogenesis and bone healing processes, to improve the design and development of such implants. In addition, special emphasis is given to pharmaceutical aspects that are frequently minimized, but that, instead, may be useful for formulation developments and in vitro/in vivo correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biancamaria Baroli
- Dip. Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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442
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Kang SW, La WG, Kim BS. Open macroporous poly(lactic-co-glycolic Acid) microspheres as an injectable scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2009; 20:399-409. [PMID: 19192363 DOI: 10.1163/156856209x412236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres have been previously proposed as an injectable scaffold for in vivo cartilage tissue engineering. In this study, we tested whether using open macroporous PLGA microspheres as an injectable scaffold for in vivo cartilage tissue engineering provides a larger surface area for cell adhesion and a larger void space for cartilage tissue regeneration and, thus, regeneration of higher quality cartilage than non-porous PLGA microspheres. Rabbit chondrocytes were mixed with non-porous or macroporous PLGA microspheres and injected immediately through 18-gauge needles into subcutaneous sites in athymic mice. Six weeks after implantation, chondrocytes implanted using both types of PLGA microspheres formed solid, white cartilaginous tissues. Histological analysis of the implants with hematoxylin and eosin, safranin O and Masson's trichrome staining confirmed cartilaginous tissue formation. The portion of cartilage tissue area in the implant cross-sectional area was significantly higher in the macroporous PLGA microsphere group than in the non-porous PLGA microsphere group (88.9% versus 34.6%, P < 0.001). Importantly, the collagen (P < 0.01) and glycosaminoglycan (P < 0.01) contents of the implants were significantly higher in the macroporous PLGA microsphere group than in the non-porous PLGA microsphere group. We conclude that an open macroporous PLGA microsphere scaffold may be useful in cartilage regeneration through minimally-invasive surgical procedures in orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Woong Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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443
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Inaba R, Khademhosseini A, Suzuki H, Fukuda J. Electrochemical desorption of self-assembled monolayers for engineering cellular tissues. Biomaterials 2009; 30:3573-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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444
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Ananta M, Aulin CE, Hilborn J, Aibibu D, Houis S, Brown RA, Mudera V. A Poly(Lactic Acid-Co-Caprolactone)–Collagen Hybrid for Tissue Engineering Applications. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:1667-75. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ananta
- UCL Tissue Repair & Engineering Centre, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia E. Aulin
- The Ångström Laboratory, Department of Materials Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jöns Hilborn
- The Ångström Laboratory, Department of Materials Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dilibaier Aibibu
- Institut für Textiltechnik der RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Houis
- Institut für Textiltechnik der RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert A. Brown
- UCL Tissue Repair & Engineering Centre, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek Mudera
- UCL Tissue Repair & Engineering Centre, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
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445
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Barralet J, Gbureck U, Habibovic P, Vorndran E, Gerard C, Doillon CJ. Angiogenesis in Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds by Inorganic Copper Ion Release. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:1601-9. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Barralet
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Abteilung für Funktionswerkstoffe der Medizin und der Zahnheilkunde, ZMK-Klinik, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pamela Habibovic
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elke Vorndran
- Abteilung für Funktionswerkstoffe der Medizin und der Zahnheilkunde, ZMK-Klinik, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Catherine Gerard
- Department of Surgery, Universite Laval, and Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Centre, CHUL Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles J. Doillon
- Department of Surgery, Universite Laval, and Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Centre, CHUL Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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446
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Del Gaudio C, Bianco A, Folin M, Baiguera S, Grigioni M. Structural characterization and cell response evaluation of electrospun PCL membranes: Micrometric versus submicrometric fibers. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 89:1028-39. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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447
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Sanz-Herrera JA, García-Aznar JM, Doblaré M. A mathematical approach to bone tissue engineering. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2009; 367:2055-2078. [PMID: 19380325 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2009.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is becoming consolidated in the biomedical field as one of the most promising strategies in tissue repair and regenerative medicine. Within this discipline, bone tissue engineering involves the use of cell-loaded porous biomaterials, i.e. bioscaffolds, to promote bone tissue regeneration in bone defects or diseases such as osteoporosis, although it has not yet been incorporated into daily clinical practice. The overall success of a particular bone tissue engineering application depends strongly on scaffold design parameters, which do away with long and expensive clinical protocols. Computer simulation is a useful tool that may reduce animal experiments and help to identify optimal patient-specific designs after concise model validation. In this paper, we present a novel mathematical approach to bone regeneration within scaffolds, based on a multiscale framework. Results are presented over an actual scaffold microstructure, showing the potential of computer simulation, and how it can aid in the task of making bone tissue engineering a reality in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Sanz-Herrera
- Group of Structural Mechanics and Materials Modelling (GEMM), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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448
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Kim JW, Taki K, Nagamine S, Ohshima M. Preparation of porous poly(L-lactic acid) honeycomb monolith structure by phase separation and unidirectional freezing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:5304-5312. [PMID: 19290649 DOI: 10.1021/la804057e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A honeycomb monolith structure with micro/nanoscale porous walls was successfully fabricated in poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) by integrating polymer-solvent and polymer-polymer phase separations induced during a pseudosteady-state unidirectional freezing process. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and PLLA were dissolved in 1,4-dioxane to prepare a single phase polymer solution. The direction of freezing created a honeycomb monolith structure of PLLA/PEG polymers. Crystallization of the solvent reduced the solvent concentration and induced liquid-liquid phase separation during the unidirectional freezing. A sea-and-island morphology, where PEG domains were dispersed in the PLLA matrix, was developed, and pores were created in the channel walls of the honeycomb monolith structure by leaching out the PEG domain. The effects of the PEG molecular weight and the PLLA/PEG weight ratio on the aligned honeycomb structure and the pores in the channel walls were investigated. A ternary phase diagram for PLLA, PEG, and 1,4-dioxane was created from cloud point temperature measurements. Based on this phase diagram, hypotheses for the mechanism of the cellular-dendritic transition and the formation mechanism of the pores in the channel walls are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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449
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Expansion and delivery of human fibroblasts on micronized acellular dermal matrix for skin regeneration. Biomaterials 2009; 30:2666-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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450
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A biaxial rotating bioreactor for the culture of fetal mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2009; 30:2694-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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