401
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Andersson NW, Li Q, Mills CW, Ly J, Nomura Y, Chen J. Influence of prenatal maternal stress on umbilical cord blood cytokine levels. Arch Womens Ment Health 2016; 19:761-7. [PMID: 26846778 PMCID: PMC5032828 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-016-0607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) is known to influence fetal programming and development. Thus far, the effects of PNMS on the developing immune system have mainly been documented in animal studies. This study aimed to examine the association between PNMS and immune cytokine profiles in the umbilical cord blood of newborn human infants. METHODS PNMS, including perceived stress, numbers of stressful life events experiences (both partner and health related), and state and trait anxiety, was assessed with five questionnaires and interviews from 43 pregnant women during the second trimester. Seven key cytokines important for immune function, i.e., IL-12, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, were analyzed in cord blood by bead-based ELISA method (Luminex 200). Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations of PNMS scores and cytokine levels. RESULTS Increased levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly associated with at least one of the maternal stress assessments, while the levels of IL-12 and TNF-α were not significantly associated with any of the PNMS measurements examined. CONCLUSION These preliminary findings suggest that PNMS may influence cytokine levels in newborn infants, in particular Th2-related cytokines. This report supports previous findings in animal studies and could suggest that newborns born to mothers with elevated PNMS have a predisposition to immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas W. Andersson
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia, Department of Psychology, Queens College, the City University of New York (CUNY), Flushing, New York, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Jenny Ly
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, the City University of New York (CUNY), Flushing, New York, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yoko Nomura
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, the City University of New York (CUNY), Flushing, New York, USA. .,Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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402
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Impact of maternal prenatal and parental postnatal stress on 1-year-old child development: results from the OTIS antidepressants in pregnancy study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2016; 19:835-43. [PMID: 26957509 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-016-0624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal psychological stress has been associated with unfavorable maternal and neonatal outcomes. We aimed to assess the impact of perinatal stress on infant development at 1 year of age. We recruited pregnant women calling North American Teratogen Information Services or attending outpatient clinics at CHU Sainte Justine (Montreal) between 2008 and 2010 and their spouses. To be part of our study, women had to be (1) >18 years of age, (2) <15 weeks of gestational age at recruitment, (3) living within 250-km radius of Montreal, and (4) taking antidepressants or non-teratogenic drugs. Stress was assessed using the telephone-administered four-item perceived stress scale during pregnancy in mothers and at 2 months postpartum in both parents. Child development at 1 year of age was evaluated with the Bayley III scales. Socio-demographic and potential confounders were collected through telephone interviews. Multivariable linear regression models were built to assess the association between perinatal parental stress and child development. Overall, 71 couples and their infants were included. When adjusted for potential confounders, maternal prenatal stress was positively associated with motor development (adjusted β = 1.85, CI 95 % (0.01, 3.70)). Postpartum maternal and paternal stresses were negatively associated with motor and socio-emotional development, respectively (adjusted β = -1.54, CI 95 % (-3.07, -0.01) and adjusted β = -1.67, CI 95 % (-3.25, -0.10), respectively). Maternal and paternal postnatal stress seems to be harmful for the motor and socio-emotional development in 1-year-old children. No association was demonstrated between parental stress and cognitive, language, and adaptive behavioral development. However, prenatal maternal stress appears to improve motor skills.
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403
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Salehi F, Pourasghar M, Khalilian A, Shahhosseini Z. Comparison of group cognitive behavioral therapy and interactive lectures in reducing anxiety during pregnancy: A quasi experimental trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5224. [PMID: 27787386 PMCID: PMC5089115 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety during pregnancy and its adverse effects on mother and baby is a health concern worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effects of group cognitive behavioral therapy (GCBT) compared with interactive lectures (IL) on anxiety during pregnancy. METHODS This quasi experimental trial was conducted in Sari city, in north Iran, from March to July 2015. Participants were 91 obstetrically and medically low-risk nulliparous women with a mild to moderate anxiety level, as assessed by Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Participants were selected from the general population by cluster sampling and assigned to 3 groups: a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) group (n = 31), an IL group (n = 30), and a control group (n = 30). All participants completed a demographic characteristics form and the Speilberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The inventory was completed again by the CBT and IL groups 4 weeks after the interventions, and 4 weeks after the initial questionnaire by the control group. Data were analyzed with chi-squared tests, independent t-tests, paired t-tests, ANOVA, and Dunnett post hoc test. RESULTS A significant decline in state and trait anxiety was found in the CBT and IL groups at 4 weeks (P < 0.001). GCBT was more effective than IL in reducing participants' anxiety, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION GCBT and IL had beneficial effects in reducing anxiety in pregnancy. The psychological status of pregnant women in prenatal care services should be investigated and either of these methods used to manage maternal anxiety, depending on the available healthcare service resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Salehi
- Research Student Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Mehdi Pourasghar
- Department of Psychiatry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
| | | | - Zohreh Shahhosseini
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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404
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Simcock G, Laplante DP, Elgbeili G, Kildea S, Cobham V, Stapleton H, King S. Infant Neurodevelopment is Affected by Prenatal Maternal Stress: The QF2011 Queensland Flood Study. INFANCY 2016; 22:282-302. [DOI: 10.1111/infa.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Simcock
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland
- School of Psychology; The University of Queensland
| | - David P. Laplante
- Schizophrenia and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Research Program; Douglas Mental Health University Institute
| | - Guillaume Elgbeili
- Schizophrenia and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Research Program; Douglas Mental Health University Institute
| | - Sue Kildea
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Social Work; The University of Queensland
| | - Vanessa Cobham
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland
- School of Psychology; The University of Queensland
| | - Helen Stapleton
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Social Work; The University of Queensland
| | - Suzanne King
- Schizophrenia and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Research Program; Douglas Mental Health University Institute
- Department of Psychiatry; McGill University
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405
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Tham EKH, Tan J, Chong YS, Kwek K, Saw SM, Teoh OH, Goh DYT, Meaney MJ, Broekman BFP. Associations between poor subjective prenatal sleep quality and postnatal depression and anxiety symptoms. J Affect Disord 2016; 202:91-4. [PMID: 27259080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms of depression and anxiety are common during pregnancy and the postnatal period. A risk factor for mood disorders is poor sleep quality. In this study we investigate the effects of poor subjective prenatal sleep quality on postnatal depressive and anxiety symptoms, independent of prenatal depression or anxiety, amongst pregnant women in the general population. METHODS We analysed data from a subset of women taking part in a prospective cohort study, Growing Up in Singapore towards Healthy Outcomes. The participants completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory between 26 and 28 weeks of pregnancy (Time 1) and at 3 months postpartum (Time 2), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at Time 1. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between subjective prenatal sleep quality and postnatal depressive and anxiety symptoms, while adjusting for prenatal depressive/anxiety symptoms and education. RESULTS Although borderline-high depressive/anxiety symptoms were the strongest predictors of postnatal depressive/anxiety, independent of this, poor subjective sleep quality during pregnancy was also associated with borderline-high postnatal depressive symptoms, but not with postnatal anxiety. LIMITATIONS Sleep quality and prenatal/postnatal mood were derived from self-reported questionnaires, which may be more susceptible to bias. CONCLUSION Although treatment of symptoms of prenatal depression and anxiety will be the most important for reducing postnatal depression and anxiety, in addition to that, future studies may explore treatments improving prenatal sleep quality, particularly for women with antenatal depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine K H Tham
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science and Technology Research (A⁎STAR), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore
| | - Joyce Tan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science and Technology Research (A⁎STAR), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | - Seang-Mai Saw
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | | | - Daniel Y T Goh
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science and Technology Research (A⁎STAR), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Birit F P Broekman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science and Technology Research (A⁎STAR), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
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406
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Warnock FF, Craig KD, Bakeman R, Castral T, Mirlashari J. The relationship of prenatal maternal depression or anxiety to maternal caregiving behavior and infant behavior self-regulation during infant heel lance: an ethological time-based study of behavior. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16:264. [PMID: 27604153 PMCID: PMC5477804 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-1050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitive and responsive maternal caregiving behavior strengthens infant self-regulatory capacities (HL), but this regulatory role may be diminished in some mothers with second-trimester prenatal exposure to depression and/ or anxiety (MDA). This study examined maternal and infant behavior during infant heel lance (HL) when mothers had or did not have MDA. Ethological methods and micro-analytic approaches capable of distinguishing and comparing time-based patterning in maternal and infant behavior were used to clarify biological mechanisms, such as MDA, that may underlie observed behavior. Aims were to examine group differences in caregiving behavior between mothers with and without MDA 5 min Pre-HL and 5 min Post-H, and relationships between MDA, maternal caregiving behavior and infant pain behavior self-regulation, concurrently. METHODS At second trimester, mothers were assessed for symptoms of mild-severe depression or anxiety. Mothers whose scores exceeded predetermined cut-off scores on one or more of the mental health measures were allocated to the MDA-exposure group, those below to the non-MDA-exposure group. Reliable observers, blinded to MDA status and study phases, coded video records of the caregiving behavior of each study mother for the full duration of the 5 min Pre-HL and 5 min Post-HL study phases. Group differences and associations between mean measures of maternal mental health scores, time-based measures of maternal behavior, and time-based measures of infant pain behavior regulation (previously coded) were concurrently analyzed using comparative and correlational statistics. RESULTS MDA-exposed mothers spent significantly more time not embracing, engaging or responding to infant cues than maternal controls Pre-HL and Post-HL. MDA was associated with atypical maternal caregiving behavior, which in turn was related to atypical infant pain behavior self-regulation during and after the HL. CONCLUSION Our findings have implication for practice. We recommend inclusion of mothers with MDA and their infants in interventions that strengthen the early mother-infant interaction and mother's regulatory caregiving role. MDA and maternal caregiving behavior must be considered in future infant pain studies to examine if they confound effectiveness of mother driven caregiving interventions for neonatal pain. We highlight the importance of examining maternal mental health throughout the perinatal and postnatal trajectory, and particularly the newborn period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fay F Warnock
- Developmental Neurosciences, Child and Family Research Institute, L408, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,University of British Columbia (BC), School of Nursing, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Kenneth D Craig
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia (BC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Roger Bakeman
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303, USA
| | - Thaila Castral
- University of Goiás Faculty of Nursing, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Jila Mirlashari
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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407
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Craig F, Operto FF, De Giacomo A, Margari L, Frolli A, Conson M, Ivagnes S, Monaco M, Margari F. Parenting stress among parents of children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Psychiatry Res 2016; 242:121-129. [PMID: 27280521 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, studies have shown that parents of children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs) experience more parenting stress than parents of typically developing children, but the relation between the type of disorders and parenting stress is far from clear. The purpose of this study was to compare the parenting stress experienced by parents of 239 children with Specific Learning Disorders (SpLD), Language Disorders (LD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and typical development (TD). Parents of children with NDDs experience more parenting stress than those of children who have TD. Although, parents of children with ASD or ADHD report the most high scores of parenting stress, also the parents of children with SpLD or LD report higher parental stress compared with parent of children without NDDs. Another interesting finding was that IQ level or emotional and behavioral problems are associated with the higher levels of parenting stress. This study suggest that parent, both mothers and fathers, of children with different type of NDDs should be provided with interventions and resources to empower them with the knowledge and skills to reduce their stress and to enhance their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Craig
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy
| | - Francesca Felicia Operto
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy
| | - Andrea De Giacomo
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy
| | - Lucia Margari
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy
| | - Alessandro Frolli
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Conson
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Sara Ivagnes
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy
| | - Marianna Monaco
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Margari
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy.
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408
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Junge C, Garthus-Niegel S, Slinning K, Polte C, Simonsen TB, Eberhard-Gran M. The Impact of Perinatal Depression on Children’s Social-Emotional Development: A Longitudinal Study. Matern Child Health J 2016; 21:607-615. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-016-2146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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409
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Nygaard E, Slinning K, Moe V, Walhovd KB. Behavior and Attention Problems in Eight-Year-Old Children with Prenatal Opiate and Poly-Substance Exposure: A Longitudinal Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158054. [PMID: 27336798 PMCID: PMC4918960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have found that children born to mothers with opioid or poly-substance use during pregnancy have more behavior and attention problems and lower cognitive functioning than non-exposed children. The present study aimed to investigate whether behavior and attention problems are more prominent than general cognitive deficits in this risk group and whether the problems wane or increase over time. This prospective longitudinal cross-informant study compared 72 children who were prenatally exposed to heroin and multiple drugs with a group of 58 children without known prenatal risk factors. Group differences in caregivers' and teachers' reports of the children's behavior and attention problems based on the Child Behavior Check List and the ADHD Rating Scale were compared based on group differences in general cognitive functioning at 4 ½ and 8 ½ years of age. Both parent and teacher reports suggest that the exposed group has significantly more problems in several behavioral areas than the comparison group, particularly with regard to attention problems. The preschool teachers had already reported these problems when the children were 4 ½ years old, whereas the caregivers reported these problems mainly when the children were 8 ½ years old. The group differences in behavioral and attentional problems were not significantly greater and some were even significantly smaller than the group differences in general cognitive abilities. These findings suggest that children subject to prenatally drug exposure have increasing problems in multiple areas related to behavior from preschool age to 8 ½ years but that these problems do not seem to be specific; i.e., they are not more severe than the problems with general cognitive abilities found for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egil Nygaard
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway (RBUP), Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Slinning
- Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway (RBUP), Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke Moe
- Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway (RBUP), Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine B. Walhovd
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Unit of Neuropsychology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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410
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Gaumon S, Paquette D, Cyr C, Émond-Nakamura M, St-André M. ANXIETY AND ATTACHMENT TO THE MOTHER IN PRESCHOOLERS RECEIVING PSYCHIATRIC CARE: THE FATHER-CHILD ACTIVATION RELATIONSHIP AS A PROTECTIVE FACTOR. Infant Ment Health J 2016; 37:372-87. [PMID: 27333431 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This 49-family study is the first to explore the father-child relationship in a clinical population of preschoolers (at a tertiary care child psychiatry clinic) and to examine its relation to child anxiety and attachment to the mother. A moderation model of the father-child activation relationship on the relation between attachment to the mother and child anxiety was tested and discussed. Analyses confirmed the expected independence between mother-child attachment and father-child activation as well as the association between mother-child attachment and anxiety. The highest levels of anxiety were found in insecure children, and more specifically, in insecure-ambivalent children and insecure disorganized-controlling children of the caregiving subtype. Hypotheses regarding the relation between anxiety and activation were only partially confirmed. Finally, the activation relationship with the father was shown to have a moderating effect on the relation between attachment to the mother and child anxiety; activation by the father may be considered either a protective or a risk factor. Results for this clinical population of young children are discussed in the light of attachment theory and activation relationship theory. The study's findings have the potential to contribute to the development of preventative, diagnostic, and intervention programs that take both parental figures into account.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Martin St-André
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center and Université de Montréal
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411
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The Effect of Training on Maternal-Fetal Attachment (MFA) in Nulliparous Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.20286/nmj-24011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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412
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Racial Disparities in Low Birthweight Risk: an Examination of Stress Predictors. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2016; 3:200-9. [PMID: 27271059 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-015-0128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper describes racial disparities in low birthweight (LBW) risk between Black women and White women and examines the relationship between race and stressors such as socioeconomic factors, access to health care, and social and health characteristics. METHODS We analyzed data from the National Survey of Family Growth dataset collected in the USA between 2006 and 2010 (N = 1516). Multivariate logistic regression models were performed. RESULTS Prevalence of LBW was 5.6 % for pregnancies among White women and 12.2 % among Black women. Black women who had a LBW baby had a lower socioeconomic status (e.g., received assistance to pay for delivery of the baby and public assistance in the prior year). Black women who had a LBW baby were more likely to have reported having good health compared with White women (67.8 vs. 45.1 %, p < .10). Pregnancies of Black women were 2.6 times more likely (odds ratio (OR) = 2.33; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.12-6.04) to result in a LBW baby than pregnancies among White women. Pregnancies of women in the income group of 300 % or higher than the poverty level were less likely to be associated with a LBW baby than those among women in the 150-299 % income group (p < .10). Obese women were less likely to have LBW children than those who were underweight or normal weight (p < .10). Among pregnancies of White mothers (n = 943), the only significant variable was self-reported health status. White women who reported having poorer health were 3.7 times more likely to have LBW than those who reported having better health (p < .10). Among Black mothers, the only predictor that was negatively associated with an increased likelihood of having a LBW baby was the SES stressor related to receiving public assistance. CONCLUSION Racial differences between Black and White women were observed in LBW risk based on socioeconomic factors. We analyzed a large number of stressors, but racial differences remained even after taking these stressors into account. Future policies and research should continually address these differences to decrease LBW risk within and across racial groups.
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413
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Barthel D, Kriston L, Barkmann C, Appiah-Poku J, Te Bonle M, Esther Doris KY, Carine Esther BK, Jean Armel KE, Mohammed Y, Osei Y, Fordjour D, Owusu D, Eberhardt KA, Hinz R, Koffi M, N'Goran E, Nguah SB, Tagbor H, Schoppen S, Ehrhardt S, Bindt C. Longitudinal course of ante- and postpartum generalized anxiety symptoms and associated factors in West-African women from Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. J Affect Disord 2016; 197:125-33. [PMID: 26991367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the course of perinatal anxiety, particularly in low and middle income countries. This study aimed at examining trajectories of ante- and postpartum generalized anxiety symptoms in West-African women and their associations with mother and child characteristics. METHODS 778 women from Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana were investigated between 04/2010 and 03/2014. Anxiety symptoms were measured using the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) at three months antepartum and three, 12 and 24 months postpartum. Growth mixture modeling was applied to identify latent trajectory classes of anxiety. Multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate the associations of psychosocial, sociodemographic, obstetric and clinical characteristics with different trajectories. RESULTS Four distinct trajectories of anxiety were identified. The majority of women (79.8%) had consistent low anxiety symptoms, while 11.4% had elevated anxiety scores before and around childbirth that decreased gradually. 5.4% of women showed increasing anxiety symptoms over time. Few women (3.3%) had transient anxiety with elevated scores at three and 12 months postpartum. Risk factors for elevated anxiety levels around childbirth were antepartum depressive symptoms, higher levels of stress (economic, marital and social stress), lower child birth weight, and multiparity. Partner support was found to be protective. LIMITATIONS Anxiety symptoms were assessed using a screening instrument and not through a formal diagnostic classification system. Some putative risk factors were not investigated, and some psychosocial factors were assessed retrospectively. CONCLUSION The presence of different trajectories underline the importance of monitoring anxiety symptoms in pregnant women and in mothers with infants/toddlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Barthel
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Levente Kriston
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claus Barkmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - John Appiah-Poku
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Marguerite Te Bonle
- Centre de Guidance Infantile, Institut National de Santé Publique, Abidjan BP V 47, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Kra Yao Esther Doris
- Centre de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Bony Kotchi Carine Esther
- Unité Pédagogique Psychologie, Université Felix Houphouet Boigny de Cocody, Abidjan BP V34, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Koffi Ekissi Jean Armel
- Unité Pédagogique Psychologie, Université Felix Houphouet Boigny de Cocody, Abidjan BP V34, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Yasmin Mohammed
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yaw Osei
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel Fordjour
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Dorcas Owusu
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kirsten A Eberhardt
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hinz
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Tropical Medicine at the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, German Armed Forces Hospital Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Eliezer N'Goran
- Research Unit of Parasitology and Parasite Ecology at Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Biosciences, Université de Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Samuel Blay Nguah
- Department of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Harry Tagbor
- Department Community Health, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Stefanie Schoppen
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Ehrhardt
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carola Bindt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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414
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The comparative effects of group prenatal care on psychosocial outcomes. Arch Womens Ment Health 2016; 19:259-69. [PMID: 26260037 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-015-0564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To compare the psychosocial outcomes of the CenteringPregnancy (CP) model of group prenatal care to individual prenatal care, we conducted a prospective cohort study of women who chose CP group (N = 124) or individual prenatal care (N = 124). Study participants completed the first survey at study recruitment (mean gestational age 12.5 weeks), with 89% completing the second survey (mean gestational age 32.7 weeks) and 84% completing the third survey (6 weeks' postpartum). Multiple linear regression models compared changes by prenatal care model in pregnancy-specific distress, prenatal planning-preparation and avoidance coping, perceived stress, affect and depressive symptoms, pregnancy-related empowerment, and postpartum maternal-infant attachment and maternal functioning. Using intention-to-treat models, group prenatal care participants demonstrated a 3.2 point greater increase (p < 0.05) in their use of prenatal planning-preparation coping strategies. While group participants did not demonstrate significantly greater positive outcomes in other measures, women who were at greater psychosocial risk benefitted from participation in group prenatal care. Among women reporting inadequate social support in early pregnancy, group participants demonstrated a 2.9 point greater decrease (p = 0.03) in pregnancy-specific distress in late pregnancy and 5.6 point higher mean maternal functioning scores postpartum (p = 0.03). Among women with high pregnancy-specific distress in early pregnancy, group participants had an 8.3 point greater increase (p < 0.01) in prenatal planning-preparation coping strategies in late pregnancy and a 4.9 point greater decrease (p = 0.02) in postpartum depressive symptom scores. This study provides further evidence that group prenatal care positively impacts the psychosocial well-being of women with greater stress or lower personal coping resources. Large randomized studies are needed to establish conclusively the biological and psychosocial benefits of group prenatal care for all women.
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415
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416
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Curran R, Alderdice F. Challenges to biopsychosocial approaches in reproductive and infant psychology. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2016.1149346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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417
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Vercruysse DCM, Deprez S, Sunaert S, Van Calsteren K, Amant F. Effects of prenatal exposure to cancer treatment on neurocognitive development, a review. Neurotoxicology 2016; 54:11-21. [PMID: 26952827 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing incidence of cancer during pregnancy, the need to better understand long-term outcome after prenatal exposure to chemo- and/or radiotherapy has become more urgent. This manuscript focuses on the neurocognitive development after prenatal exposure to cancer treatment. We will review possible pathways for brain damage that could explain the subtle changes in neurocognition and behavior found after in utero exposure to cancer treatment. Contrary to radiation, which has a direct effect on the developing nervous system, chemotherapy has to pass the placental and blood brain barrier to reach the fetal brain. However, there are also indirect effects such as inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the indirect effects of the cancer itself and its treatment, e.g., poor maternal nutrition and high maternal stress, as well as prematurity, can be related to cognitive impairment. Although the available evidence suggests that cancer treatment can be administered during pregnancy without jeopardizing the fetal chances, larger numbers and longer follow up of these children are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée C-M Vercruysse
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sabine Deprez
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Radiology, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Radiology, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kristel Van Calsteren
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Frederic Amant
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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418
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Glasser S, Hadad L, Bina R, Boyko V, Magnezi R. Rate, risk factors and assessment of a counselling intervention for antenatal depression by public health nurses in an Israeli ultra-orthodox community. J Adv Nurs 2016; 72:1602-15. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saralee Glasser
- Women and Children's Health Research Unit; Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer Israel
| | - Lea Hadad
- Women Health Clinic; Maccabi Health Services; Elad Israel
| | - Rena Bina
- School of Social Work; Bar Ilan University; Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Valentina Boyko
- Women and Children's Health Research Unit; Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer Israel
| | - Racheli Magnezi
- Public Health and Health Systems Management Program; Department of Management; Bar Ilan University; Ramat Gan Israel
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419
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Reissland N, Francis B, Buttanshaw L, Austen JM, Reid V. Do fetuses move their lips to the sound that they hear? An observational feasibility study on auditory stimulation in the womb. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2016; 2:14. [PMID: 27965834 PMCID: PMC5154120 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-016-0053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigate in this feasibility study whether specific lip movements increase prenatally when hearing a particular sound. We hypothesised that fetuses would produce more mouth movements resembling those required to make the sound stimulus they heard (i.e. mouth stretch) compared with a no-sound control group who heard no specific auditory stimuli. Secondly, we predicted that fetuses hearing the sound would produce a similar number of mouth movements unrelated to the sound heard (i.e. lip pucker) as the no-sound group of fetuses. Methods In an observational feasibility study, 17 fetuses were scanned twice at 32 and 36 weeks of gestation, and two different types of mouth movements were recorded. Three fetuses received an auditory stimulus, and 14 did not. A generalised mixed effects log-linear model was used to determine statistical significance. Results Fetuses in the sound group performed one specific mouth movement (mouth stretch) significantly more frequently than fetuses in the no-sound group. A significant interaction between group and gestational age indicates that there was differential change in this specific movement as age increases (X2 = 7.58 on 1 df, p = 0.006), with the no-sound group showing a decline of 76 % between 32 weeks and 36 weeks (p < 0.001), whereas the sound group showed no significant change over time (p = 0.41). There was no significant difference between the sound group and no-sound group in the frequency of lip puckering—the second, unrelated mouth movement (p = 0.35). Conclusions These results suggest that a sound stimulus is associated with an increase in specific, rather than general, mouth movements. The results are informative for the development of infant speech and potentially could also lead to a diagnostic test for deafness in utero. More research is needed to replicate this research with a randomised design and with a range of different auditory stimuli which would be produced with different mouth movements, such as “o” which would be seen as pursed lips. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40814-016-0053-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Francis
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Joe M Austen
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Vincent Reid
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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420
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Choi WJ, Kwon HJ, Lim MH, Lim JA, Ha M. Blood lead, parental marital status and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in elementary school children: A longitudinal study. Psychiatry Res 2016; 236:42-46. [PMID: 26774190 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the blood lead level and parental marital status that might influence the development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in school-aged children. The participants in the survey included elementary school children, and they were followed up biennially. The participants' parents or caregivers were administered a questionnaire including ADHD rating scale. Among 2967 who were not suspected to have ADHD at baseline survey, 2195 children who took follow-up test for ADHD were evaluated. The incidence rate of suspected ADHD was 5.0% (107 cases) during the two years of the follow-up period. The geometric mean blood lead level was 1.56μg/dL. Relative risk ratio for ADHD was estimated using logistic regression analysis. After adjustment for potential confounders, ADHD developed more frequently in children with blood lead levels of >2.17μg/dL (highest quartile) (RR 1.552, 95% CI 1.002-2.403) and in children with a single parent (RR 1.805, 95% CI 1.002-3.254). The RR was 3.567 (95% CI 1.595-7.980) in children with relatively high blood lead levels (>2.17μg/dL) from single-parent families, compared with those with low blood lead and a two-parent family. The ADHD risk in association with blood lead level was modified by family status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Jun Choi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung Ho Lim
- Department of Psychology, Dankook University College of Social Sciences, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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421
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical neuroscience is increasingly turning to imaging the human brain for answers to a range of questions and challenges. To date, the majority of studies have focused on the neural basis of current psychiatric symptoms, which can facilitate the identification of neurobiological markers for diagnosis. However, the increasing availability and feasibility of using imaging modalities, such as diffusion imaging and resting-state fMRI, enable longitudinal mapping of brain development. This shift in the field is opening the possibility of identifying predictive markers of risk or prognosis, and also represents a critical missing element for efforts to promote personalized or individualized medicine in psychiatry (i.e., stratified psychiatry). METHODS The present work provides a selective review of potentially high-yield populations for longitudinal examination with MRI, based upon our understanding of risk from epidemiologic studies and initial MRI findings. RESULTS Our discussion is organized into three topic areas: (1) practical considerations for establishing temporal precedence in psychiatric research; (2) readiness of the field for conducting longitudinal MRI, particularly for neurodevelopmental questions; and (3) illustrations of high-yield populations and time windows for examination that can be used to rapidly generate meaningful and useful data. Particular emphasis is placed on the implementation of time-appropriate, developmentally informed longitudinal designs, capable of facilitating the identification of biomarkers predictive of risk and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Strategic longitudinal examination of the brain at-risk has the potential to bring the concepts of early intervention and prevention to psychiatry.
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422
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Akbarzadeh M, Rafiee B, Asadi N, Zare N. Comparative Effect of Attachment and Relaxation Training on Perception of Fetal Movement and Mother's Anxiety in Primiparous Women: A Randomized Controlled Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/tmr.2016.62.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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423
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Biaggi A, Conroy S, Pawlby S, Pariante CM. Identifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and depression: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2016; 191:62-77. [PMID: 26650969 PMCID: PMC4879174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 815] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy is a time of increased vulnerability for the development of anxiety and depression. This systematic review aims to identify the main risk factors involved in the onset of antenatal anxiety and depression. METHODS A systematic literature analysis was conducted, using PubMed, PsychINFO, and the Cochrane Library. Original papers were included if they were written in English and published between 1st January 2003 and 31st August 2015, while literature reviews and meta-analyses were consulted regardless of publication date. A final number of 97 papers were selected. RESULTS The most relevant factors associated with antenatal depression or anxiety were: lack of partner or of social support; history of abuse or of domestic violence; personal history of mental illness; unplanned or unwanted pregnancy; adverse events in life and high perceived stress; present/past pregnancy complications; and pregnancy loss. LIMITATIONS The review does not include a meta-analysis, which may have added additional information about the differential impact of each risk factor. Moreover, it does not specifically examine factors that may influence different types of anxiety disorders, or the recurrence or persistence of depression or anxiety from pregnancy to the postpartum period. CONCLUSIONS The results show the complex aetiology of antenatal depression and anxiety. The administration of a screening tool to identify women at risk of anxiety and depression during pregnancy should be universal practice in order to promote the long-term wellbeing of mothers and babies, and the knowledge of specific risk factors may help creating such screening tool targeting women at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Biaggi
- PO63 Section of Perinatal Psychiatry, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Susan Conroy
- Section of Perinatal Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Pawlby
- Section of Perinatal Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Section of Perinatal Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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424
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Takahashi F, Nishigori H, Nishigori T, Mizuno S, Obara T, Metoki H, Sakurai K, Ishikuro M, Iwama N, Tatsuta N, Nishijima I, Fujiwara I, Arima T, Nakai K, Sugiyama T, Kuriyama S, Yaegashi N. Fermented Food Consumption and Psychological Distress in Pregnant Women: A Nationwide Birth Cohort Study of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2016; 240:309-321. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.240.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Research Network, Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Hidekazu Nishigori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshie Nishigori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Satoshi Mizuno
- Department of Bioclinical Informatics, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University School of Medicine
| | - Taku Obara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Hirohito Metoki
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University School of Medicine
| | - Kasumi Sakurai
- Department of Operational Headquarters, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mami Ishikuro
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
| | - Noriyuki Iwama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Nozomi Tatsuta
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ichiko Nishijima
- Department of Biobank Lifescience, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University School of Medicine
| | - Ikuma Fujiwara
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Environmental Medicine, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kunihiko Nakai
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Sugiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
- Department of Disaster Public Health, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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425
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Rendina DN, Lubach GR, Coe CL. Gestational Timing of Prenatal Disturbance and Fetal Sex Determine the Developmental Outcomes. Neonatology 2016; 109:314-20. [PMID: 26907612 PMCID: PMC4893008 DOI: 10.1159/000443717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal stress during pregnancy can have deleterious consequences, increasing risk for prematurity and low birth weight, as well as postnatal effects on emotional regulation and neuromotor development. It is less clear, however, whether moderate and brief gestational disturbances have similar effects. OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of a delimited period of moderate maternal stress on infant growth, emotional reactivity, and neurobehavioral maturity in a nonhuman primate model. METHODS Eighty-three infant rhesus monkeys were generated from disturbed pregnancies, either early or late gestation, and compared with 51 undisturbed infants. Maternal stress was induced with an acoustical startle protocol for 25% of gestation. Infant weights, anthropometrics, and neurobehavioral data were obtained. Analyses focused on differential effects of prenatal stress on male and female infants. RESULTS The disturbance manipulation elevated cortisol levels acutely in the gravid females and they gained less weight by term. Nevertheless, female infants from the early stress condition were significantly larger at birth. This differential growth trajectory was then sustained through 6 months of age. Infants from stress conditions were more emotionally reactive and evinced immature neuromotor reflexes, especially when gestated by late stress mothers. CONCLUSIONS Even moderate maternal disturbance impacted infant temperament and neuromotor development in this nonhuman primate model. Effects on fetal and infant growth differed from typical reports of growth inhibition, both in other animal species and human studies. The findings convey the importance of considering the duration and severity of prenatal insults, and the potential for fetal plasticity and recovery, permitting compensatory growth responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Rendina
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis., USA
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426
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Huizink AC, Delforterie MJ, Scheinin NM, Tolvanen M, Karlsson L, Karlsson H. Adaption of pregnancy anxiety questionnaire-revised for all pregnant women regardless of parity: PRAQ-R2. Arch Womens Ment Health 2016; 19:125-32. [PMID: 25971851 PMCID: PMC4728175 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-015-0531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The 10-item Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised (PRAQ-R) is a widely used instrument to assess and identify pregnancy-specific anxiety in nulliparous women. It has good psychometric values and predictive validity for birth and childhood outcomes. Nonetheless, the PRAQ-R is not designed for use in parous women, as particularly one item of the questionnaire is not relevant for women who gave birth before. We tested the factorial and scalar invariance of a modified PRAQ-R2 across nulliparous and parous women with an adapted item to fit both groups of pregnant women. A longitudinal study among 1144 pregnant women (n = 608 nulliparous and n = 536 parous) with two repeated measures of the PRAQ-R2 was used to test for measurement invariance of the instrument. Results show metric and scalar invariance, indicating that the PRAQ-R2 measures similar constructs on the same scale for all pregnant women at two different times during pregnancy. We conclude that the PRAQ-R2 can be used, compared, or combined in a sample of nulliparous and parous women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Huizink
- Department of Developmental Psychology & EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. J. Delforterie
- Department of Developmental Psychology & EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - N. M. Scheinin
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M. Tolvanen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - L. Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - H. Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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427
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Chiang MC. Effects of Maternal Stress During Pregnancy on Birth Outcome and Stress-related Hormones. Pediatr Neonatol 2015; 56:365-6. [PMID: 26427344 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chou Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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428
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Wei Q, Zhang J, Scherpbier R, Zhao C, Luo S, Wang X, Guo S. High prevalence of developmental delay among children under three years of age in poverty-stricken areas of China. Public Health 2015; 129:1610-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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429
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Seth S, Lewis AJ, Saffery R, Lappas M, Galbally M. Maternal Prenatal Mental Health and Placental 11β-HSD2 Gene Expression: Initial Findings from the Mercy Pregnancy and Emotional Wellbeing Study. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:27482-96. [PMID: 26593902 PMCID: PMC4661892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High intrauterine cortisol exposure can inhibit fetal growth and have programming effects for the child's subsequent stress reactivity. Placental 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD2) limits the amount of maternal cortisol transferred to the fetus. However, the relationship between maternal psychopathology and 11β-HSD2 remains poorly defined. This study examined the effect of maternal depressive disorder, antidepressant use and symptoms of depression and anxiety in pregnancy on placental 11β-HSD2 gene (HSD11B2) expression. Drawing on data from the Mercy Pregnancy and Emotional Wellbeing Study, placental HSD11B2 expression was compared among 33 pregnant women, who were selected based on membership of three groups; depressed (untreated), taking antidepressants and controls. Furthermore, associations between placental HSD11B2 and scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) during 12-18 and 28-34 weeks gestation were examined. Findings revealed negative correlations between HSD11B2 and both the EPDS and STAI (r = -0.11 to -0.28), with associations being particularly prominent during late gestation. Depressed and antidepressant exposed groups also displayed markedly lower placental HSD11B2 expression levels than controls. These findings suggest that maternal depression and anxiety may impact on fetal programming by down-regulating HSD11B2, and antidepressant treatment alone is unlikely to protect against this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunaina Seth
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne 3125, Australia.
| | - Andrew James Lewis
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne 3125, Australia.
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Melbourne 3125, Australia.
| | - Richard Saffery
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia.
| | - Martha Lappas
- Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne 3084, Australia.
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia.
| | - Megan Galbally
- Department of Perinatal Mental Health, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne 3084, Australia.
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430
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Capron LE, Glover V, Pearson RM, Evans J, O’Connor TG, Stein A, Murphy SE, Ramchandani PG. Associations of maternal and paternal antenatal mood with offspring anxiety disorder at age 18 years. J Affect Disord 2015; 187:20-6. [PMID: 26301478 PMCID: PMC4595479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal antenatal depression and anxiety are associated with increased risk of childhood behavioural and emotional problems in offspring; it remains unclear to what extent this is due to a maternal biological impact on foetal development. Here, we compare associations between maternal and paternal antenatal depression and anxiety with offspring anxiety disorders, thus controlling for some genetic and shared environmental factors. METHODS We used data from the ALSPAC population cohort including measures of antenatal parental depression and anxiety. At 18 years, offspring completed the CIS-R interview, yielding diagnoses for anxiety disorders. Results were adjusted for confounding variables including parental postnatal depression and anxiety. RESULTS Children of women with antenatal depression (18 weeks gestation), had an increased risk of anxiety disorders at 18 years of age (11.1% vs. 6.2%; adj. OR 1.75 (1.19, 2.58); p=0.01). Children of women with antenatal anxiety had increased risk of co-morbid anxiety and depression (adj. OR 1.39 (1.06, 1.82); p=0.02). No such associations were found with paternal antenatal depression or anxiety. LIMITATIONS There was a high attrition rate from the original cohort to the CIS-R completion at 18 years postpartum. Parental mood was only assessed together at one time point during the antenatal period. CONCLUSIONS The differences in the association between maternal and paternal mood during pregnancy and child outcomes supports the hypothesis that foetal programming may account, at least in part, for this association. We highlight the potential opportunity for preventative intervention by optimising antenatal mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jonathan Evans
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Thomas G. O’Connor
- Wynne Center for Family Research and Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Paul G. Ramchandani
- Centre of Mental Health, Imperial College London, London, UK,Correspondence to: The Centre for Mental Health, Imperial College London, 7th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK. Fax: +44 208 383 4160.The Centre for Mental Health, Imperial College London7th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital CampusLondonW12 0NNUK
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431
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Malary M, Shahhosseini Z, Pourasghar M, Hamzehgardeshi Z. Couples Communication Skills and Anxiety of Pregnancy: A Narrative Review. Mater Sociomed 2015; 27:286-90. [PMID: 26543425 PMCID: PMC4610665 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2015.27.286-290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: physical problems during pregnancy including Anxiety disorders form a large share of health problems. On the other hand, healthy relationship and communication skills are vital to raise a family. For couples who enjoy communication skills, parenthood will be the best and most pleasant experiences in their lives. High levels of positive communication will lead to couples and their children’s mental health and couples’ good relationship can have a protective effect against stressors including anxiety of pregnancy. The current study reviewed the studies on the relationship between communication skills and the anxiety of pregnancy. Methods: The current study is a review where the researcher browsed the available databases like Google Scholar, Pubmed, Magiran, SID, and Science Direct and using key words of Communication skills, marital satisfaction, and the anxiety of pregnancy, & the researcher has searched the articles of 2000-2014 & read 150 abstracts & 93 full papers and ultimately, chose 50 to write this study. Results: By reviewing the findings literature in three general categories as Communication Skills as the Significant Component to Get Marital Satisfaction, Improving Marital Satisfaction as Pregnancy Anxiety Reducing Factor, and Communication Skills Quality as Component Influencing Pregnancy Anxiety. Conclusions: Having communication skills will lead to promotion of marital satisfaction and increased mental health in life. It is, therefore, recommended that communication skills be trained in routine programs for pre-marriage counseling, pre-pregnancy cares and pregnancy so that the mental health of community can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Malary
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran ; Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zohreh Shahhosseini
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehdi Pourasghar
- Department of Psychiatry and Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran ; Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Centre, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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432
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van de Loo KFE, van Gelder MMHJ, Roukema J, Roeleveld N, Merkus PJFM, Verhaak CM. Prenatal maternal psychological stress and childhood asthma and wheezing: a meta-analysis. Eur Respir J 2015; 47:133-46. [PMID: 26541526 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00299-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies on prenatal maternal psychological stress and the subsequent development of asthma and wheezing in early childhood.All available published literature from 1960 until November 2013 was systematically searched through electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo and Web of Science). All observational studies assessing associations between any form of prenatal maternal psychological stress and respiratory morbidity in the child were included. Data extraction, quality assessment and meta-analyses were performed.The overall meta-analysis included 10 studies and showed that the prevalence of wheezing, asthma and other respiratory symptoms is higher in children of mothers who were exposed to or experienced some form of psychological stress during pregnancy than in mothers who did not (pooled OR 1.56 (95% CI 1.36-1.80)). Comparable results were observed in subgroup analyses of stress exposure, perceived stress, asthma and wheezing.This study demonstrates that prenatal maternal psychological stress is associated with respiratory morbidity, including asthma and wheezing in the child. Future studies examining the early origins of asthma and wheezing need to account for the impact of prenatal maternal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim F E van de Loo
- Dept of Medical Psychology, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jolt Roukema
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nel Roeleveld
- Dept for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Dept of Pediatrics, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J F M Merkus
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Both authors contributed equally
| | - Christianne M Verhaak
- Dept of Medical Psychology, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Both authors contributed equally
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433
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Milgrom J, Holt C, Holt CJ, Ross J, Ericksen J, Gemmill AW. Feasibility study and pilot randomised trial of an antenatal depression treatment with infant follow-up. Arch Womens Ment Health 2015; 18:717-30. [PMID: 25709044 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-015-0512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Substantial evidence links antenatal depression, anxiety and stress with negative effects on foetal development, resulting in enduring problems in child development. Despite this, there is a paucity of research on intervention programmes designed to address depression and anxiety, and none that include infant outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a brief treatment for maternal depression and anxiety in pregnancy in a sample of women with a diagnosed depressive disorder. We developed a cognitive behavioural therapy treatment for antenatal depression and anxiety and evaluated it in a feasibility trial. This was followed by a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) which collected data on the efficacy of the brief intervention and follow-up data on infants. The feasibility study (n = 25) yielded promising results for adherence, acceptability and improvements in depression and anxiety (Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory). The RCT (n = 54) again showed excellent adherence and acceptability and supported the efficacy of the treatment. Strong reductions in anxiety were observed during pregnancy, and improvements in depression were maintained at 9 months representing a moderately large effect size. Nine-month infant outcomes showed several medium to large effects favouring the intervention in domains including problem solving, self-regulation and stress reactivity, which were independent of maternal postnatal mood. Treating severe depression and anxiety during pregnancy with a brief cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention appears feasible and worthwhile. To reliably detect clinically meaningful effects on infant outcomes, larger RCTs are likely to be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Milgrom
- Parent-Infant Research Institute, Austin Health, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg West, VIC, 3081, Australia
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434
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Pimenta BSO, Nomura RMY, Nakamura MU, Moron AF. Maternal anxiety and fetal movement patterns in late pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:2008-12. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1072161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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435
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Bratt EL, Järvholm S, Ekman-Joelsson BM, Mattson LÅ, Mellander M. Parent's experiences of counselling and their need for support following a prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease--a qualitative study in a Swedish context. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15:171. [PMID: 26276642 PMCID: PMC4537590 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal screening for foetal cardiac abnormalities has been increasingly practiced in Sweden during the last 25 years. A prenatal diagnosis may have medical benefits but may also cause sustained parental psychological distress. The aim of this study was to explore pregnant women's, and their partner's, experiences of counselling and need for support during continued pregnancy following a prenatal diagnosis of a cardiac defect. A second aim was to use this information to propose a structured follow-up programme for continued support after the first counselling. METHOD DESIGN Qualitative study, using interviews performed 5-9 weeks after a prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease. SETTING A tertiary foetal cardiology unit in Sweden Sample: Six pregnant women and their 6 partners, consecutively recruited after a prenatal diagnosis of an isolated and significant cardiac defect. DATA ANALYSIS Qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The analysis resulted in three themes. 1/ Counselling and making a decision--the importance of knowledge and understanding: Short waiting time for specialist evaluation together with clear and straightforward information was essential. Parents called for written information together with a high-quality website with relevant information about congenital heart disease. 2/ Continued support during pregnancy: Continued and easy access to health care professionals, including a paediatric specialist nurse, throughout pregnancy, was important. Contact with couples with similar experiences and social media were also considered valuable sources of support. 3/ Next step--the near future: Practical and economical issues during the postnatal hospital stay and the initial period following the hospital stay were common concerns. CONCLUSIONS The following aspects should be considered in a structured follow up program during pregnancy after a prenatal diagnosis of CHD; written information, access to a safe web-site with information of high quality in their native language, support from parents with similar experiences and continued contact with a specialist liaison nurse with experience of paediatric cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa-Lena Bratt
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Arvid Wallgrens Backe, Box 457, , 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Paediatric Cardiology, The Queen Silvia Childréns hospital, Rondvägen 10, 416 50, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Stina Järvholm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 6, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Britt-Marie Ekman-Joelsson
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, The Queen Silvia Childréns hospital, Rondvägen 10, 416 50, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Lars-Åke Mattson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 6, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Mats Mellander
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, The Queen Silvia Childréns hospital, Rondvägen 10, 416 50, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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436
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Gustafsson MK, Stafne SN, Romundstad PR, Mørkved S, Salvesen KÅ, Helvik A. The effects of an exercise programme during pregnancy on health‐related quality of life in pregnant women: a Norwegian randomised controlled trial. BJOG 2015; 123:1152-60. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MK Gustafsson
- Department of Public Health and General Practice Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- Trondheim University Hospital (St Olavs Hospital) Trondheim Norway
| | - SN Stafne
- Department of Public Health and General Practice Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- Clinical Services St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital Trondheim Norway
| | - PR Romundstad
- Department of Public Health and General Practice Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - S Mørkved
- Department of Public Health and General Practice Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- Clinical Services St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital Trondheim Norway
| | - KÅ Salvesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Children's and Women's Health Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- National Center for Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Trondheim University Hospital Trondheim Norway
| | - A‐S Helvik
- Department of Public Health and General Practice Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- Ageing and Health Norwegian Centre for Research Education and Service Development Vestfold Hospital Trust Tønsberg Norway
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437
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Shahhosseini Z, Pourasghar M, Khalilian A, Salehi F. A Review of the Effects of Anxiety During Pregnancy on Children's Health. Mater Sociomed 2015; 27:200-2. [PMID: 26236168 PMCID: PMC4499279 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2015.27.200-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although pregnancy is often portrayed as a time of great joy, that’s not the reality for all women. The adverse, long-term, stable, and sometimes, irreparable effects of anxiety during pregnancy can change pregnancy into an agonizing and unpleasant event of women’s life span. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the adverse effects of anxiety in pregnancy on children’s health in order to promote child health. Methods: In this narrative review the researchers searched in public databases like Google Scholar general search engine, and then more specific: Science Direct, Scientific Information Database, Magiran, Irandoc, Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane library, and Psych info using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords: anxiety, maternal anxiety, pregnancy, pregnancy outcome, control and prevention restricted to English / Persian language, during the 20 years ago. Then those articles written by renowned experts were selected. At first, a list of 60 papers generated from the initial search. Then reviewers studied titles and abstracts and finally, quality assessment of full text studies was performed by two independent reviewers. Researchers reviewed summary of all articles sought, ultimately used data from 25 full articles to compile this review paper. Results: The findings were classified into four groups Biological, Mental, Behavioral, and Medical effects of anxiety during pregnancy. Conclusions: The effects of anxiety during pregnancy on offspring’s health are serious and thought-provoking to which the need for identifying and screening of anxiety disorders in prenatal care is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Shahhosseini
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehdi Pourasghar
- Department of Psychiatry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Alireza Khalilian
- Department of Biostatics, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fariba Salehi
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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438
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Abstract
Anxiety disorders and pregnancy may occur concurrently in some women. Although, several epidemiological or clinical studies about anxiety disorders in pregnancy exist, data on their treatment are very limited. Similar to other anxiety disorders, specific pharmacological treatment approaches in pregnant women with panic disorder (PD) have not been discussed in the literature. An important issue in the treatment of pregnant women with any psychiatric diagnosis is the risk-benefit profile of pharmacotherapy. Therefore, the treatment should be individualized. Untreated PD seems to be associated with several negative outcomes in the pregnancy. When the results of current study regarding the safety of pharmacological agents on the fetus and their efficacy in PD were gathered, sertraline, citalopram, imipramine and clomipramine at low doses for pure PD, and venlafaxine appeared to be more favorable than the other potential drugs. However, controlled studies examining optimum dosing, efficacy of antipanic medications and risk-benefit profile of intrauterine exposure to treated or untreated PD are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Uguz
- a Department of Psychiatry, Meram Faculty of Medicine , Necmettin Erbakan University , Konya , Turkey
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439
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Kingston D, McDonald S, Austin MP, Tough S. Association between Prenatal and Postnatal Psychological Distress and Toddler Cognitive Development: A Systematic Review. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126929. [PMID: 25996151 PMCID: PMC4440779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Maternal psychological distress is one of the most common perinatal complications, affecting up to 25% of pregnant and postpartum women. Research exploring the association between prenatal and postnatal distress and toddler cognitive development has not been systematically compiled. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the association between prenatal and postnatal psychological distress and toddler cognitive development. METHODS Articles were included if: a) they were observational studies published in English; b) the exposure was prenatal or postnatal psychological distress; c) cognitive development was assessed from 13 to 36 months; d) the sample was recruited in developed countries; and e) exposed and unexposed women were included. A university-based librarian conducted a search of electronic databases (Embase, CINAHL, Eric, PsycInfo, Medline) (January, 1990-March, 2014). We searched gray literature, reference lists, and relevant journals. Two reviewers independently evaluated titles/abstracts for inclusion, and quality using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network appraisal tool for observational studies. One reviewer extracted data using a standardized form. RESULTS Thirteen of 2448 studies were included. There is evidence of an association between prenatal and postnatal distress and cognitive development. While variable effect sizes were reported for postnatal associations, most studies reported medium effect sizes for the association between prenatal psychological distress and cognitive development. Too few studies were available to determine the influence of the timing of prenatal exposure on cognitive outcomes. CONCLUSION Findings support the need for early identification and treatment of perinatal mental health problems as a potential strategy for optimizing toddler cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Kingston
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sheila McDonald
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marie-Paule Austin
- St. John of God Health Care, University of New South Wales, Burwood, Australia
| | - Suzanne Tough
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Centre for Child, Family and Community Research, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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440
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Barber CC, Starkey NJ. Predictors of anxiety among pregnant New Zealand women hospitalised for complications and a community comparison group. Midwifery 2015; 31:888-96. [PMID: 25987104 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to investigate predictors of anxiety for women experiencing hospitalisation during pregnancy and a comparison group of pregnant women (with or without medical complications) in the community. DESIGN correlational, cross-sectional observational questionnaire study. SETTING regional antenatal inpatient unit and community-based settings in New Zealand in 2009 and 2010. PARTICIPANTS 118 pregnant women in hospital and 114 pregnant women in community. MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS women in hospital and community groups completed a battery of questionnaires on pregnancy and health history, life events, anxiety, optimism, coping, and relationship factors. Midwives caring for the women provided ratings of health status and psychological distress. Both groups of women had scores on state anxiety significantly above local norms; women in the hospital were significantly higher than those in the community on state anxiety and worry about their pregnancy. The groups did not differ on factors such as life events, optimism, and coping self-efficacy. Ratings of health and distress made by women and their midwives showed poor agreement. Predictors of acute anxiety differed across the groups: for hospitalised women, anxiety was predicted by their rating of their health and their dispositional optimism; for women in the community, anxiety was predicted by stressful life events, dispositional optimism, and coping self-efficacy. KEY CONCLUSIONS many women hospitalised during pregnancy are extremely anxious, and those most vulnerable are those who are less optimistic and see their health as poor. Health care professionals may not be aware of how anxious women are, and women and their hospital caregivers had poor agreement on ratings of the woman׳s health status. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE women hospitalised during pregnancy are at risk for high levels of anxiety. Midwives are well placed to help women by recognising their distress, supporting informed optimism, and guiding women toward realistic coping strategies and using existing social support networks. Research is needed on strategies for implementation and effectiveness of brief interventions to support women to manage anxiety and stress during pregnancy both in hospital and in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Cornsweet Barber
- School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - Nicola J Starkey
- School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
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441
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Pearlstein T. Depression during Pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2015; 29:754-64. [PMID: 25976080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A proportion of women enter pregnancy with active psychiatric symptoms or disorders, with or without concomitant psychotropic medication. Studies report that exposure to untreated depression and stress during pregnancy may have negative consequences for birth outcome and child development. Studies also report that antenatal exposure to antidepressant medications may have adverse consequences for birth outcome and child development. Antidepressant medication use during pregnancy leads to a small increased risk of miscarriage, a possible small increased risk of congenital cardiac malformations, a small increased risk of preterm birth, a small increased risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), and transient neonatal symptoms in up to one-third of neonates. In addition, there is a possible increased risk of delayed motor development in children. Several recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the existent literature emphasize that there are minimal definitive conclusions to guide treatment recommendations. This review describes best practices for the management of depression in pregnancy, and it provides suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teri Pearlstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Women's Behavioral Medicine, Women's Medicine Collaborative, 146 West River Street, Providence, RI 02904, USA.
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442
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Impact of chronic stressors on the anxiety profile of pregnant rats. Physiol Behav 2015; 142:137-45. [PMID: 25665962 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The manifestation of anxiety during pregnancy can be caused by multiple factors and may have emotional and physical consequences for both the mother and the fetus. The prevalence of gestational anxiety has grown in recent years, making the development of studies for its comprehension essential. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of predictable and unpredictable chronic stressors on the anxiety profile of rats in three distinct stages of pregnancy (1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks). Wistar dams were divided into three groups: control, social separation and unpredictable chronic stress. Behavioral assessments were conducted in the Elevated Plus-Maze at the end of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks of gestation. The results showed that there was increased anxiety in the proximity of parturition in control dams. Chronic stressors differentially affected the behavior of pregnant rats according to the gestational period where they were applied: social separation decreased anxiety at the end of the 3rd week, while unpredictable chronic stress caused increased anxiety, especially at the end of the 2nd gestational week. These results show that there is a critical time during pregnancy for the onset of anxiety in control rats, depending on the gestational stage. The exposure to different types of chronic stressors may result in distinct behaviors related to this disorder.
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443
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Association of Prepregnancy Dietary Patterns and Anxiety Symptoms from Midpregnancy to Early Postpartum in a Prospective Cohort of Brazilian Women. J Acad Nutr Diet 2015; 115:1626-35. [PMID: 25769749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to unhealthy dietary patterns may alter the risk of mental disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period. OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between prepregnancy dietary patterns and prospective variations on anxiety symptoms from midpregnancy to early postpartum. METHODS A prospective cohort of 207 healthy pregnant women was followed at 5 to 13, 20 to 26, and 30 to 36 gestational weeks, and once at 30 to 45 days postpartum. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to evaluate anxiety symptoms at the second and third gestational trimesters and during the postpartum period. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire administered during the first trimester of pregnancy that referred to the 6 months before pregnancy. Principal components analysis was used to identify dietary patterns and three prepregnancy dietary patterns were identified: common-Brazilian, healthy, and processed. Three longitudinal mixed-effect models were estimated to verify the association between dietary patterns and anxiety symptoms, adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS The mean anxiety symptom scores were 40.4, 40.5, and 37.2 for the second trimester, third trimester, and postpartum, respectively. The rate of variation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score was 0.535 (95% CI -0.035 to 1.107; P=0.066) and -0.010 (95% CI -0.018 to -0.002; P=0.019) when accounting for gestational age and quadratic gestational age, respectively. The common-Brazilian pattern, comprised mainly of rice and beans (β=-1.200, 95% CI -2.220 to -0.181; P=0.021), and the healthy pattern comprised mostly of vegetables, fruits, fish, and tea (β=-1.290, 95% CI -2.438 to -0.134; P=0.029), were negatively associated with prospective changes in anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS High adherence to the common-Brazilian or healthy patterns was negatively associated with higher anxiety symptom scores from mid-pregnancy to early postpartum in this group of Brazilian women.
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444
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Edozien LC. Beyond biology: the biopsychosocial model and its application in obstetrics and gynaecology. BJOG 2015; 122:900-3. [PMID: 25754607 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L C Edozien
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Betts KS, Williams GM, Najman JM, Alati R. The relationship between maternal depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms during pregnancy and adult offspring behavioral and emotional problems. Depress Anxiety 2015; 32:82-90. [PMID: 24788841 DOI: 10.1002/da.22272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal maternal depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms have been found to be associated with child and adolescent behavior problems. In this paper, we investigate their impact on behavior problems and depressive symptoms in adulthood. METHODS Participants included 3,099 mother-offspring pairs from the Mater University Study of Pregnancy (MUSP), an Australian based, prebirth cohort study. We used latent class growth analysis (LCGA) with parallel processes to identify trajectories of maternal depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms over four time periods between the mothers' first clinic visit and 5 years postpregnancy. We fitted the estimates from the maternal trajectories in multivariate logistic regression models to predict internalizing and externalizing behavior at age 21. We adjusted for a wide range of prenatal and postnatal factors, including maternal life events, relationship quality, contact with the new born, as well as concurrent maternal depressive and anxious symptoms and father's history of mental health problem. RESULTS LCGA found seven groups of mothers; one group of mothers exhibited high levels of depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms during pregnancy but not at later time points. Their offspring experienced increased levels of behavior problems and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This paper provides the first evidence that high levels of maternal subjective depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms experienced in early pregnancy may predict internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and depressive symptoms in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Betts
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Maternal mindfulness during pregnancy and infant socio-emotional development and temperament: the mediating role of maternal anxiety. Early Hum Dev 2015; 91:103-8. [PMID: 25577496 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence shows that maternal anxiety during pregnancy adversely affects child outcomes. The positive effects of maternal psychosocial factors during pregnancy on child outcomes are not yet studied. This prospective study addresses the association between maternal mindfulness during pregnancy and socio-emotional development and temperament in 10months-old infants. We also investigated whether this association was mediated by maternal anxiety. METHOD Mothers (N=90) provided information about mindfulness and anxiety at the beginning of the second trimester of pregnancy. Infant socio-emotional development (Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social Emotional; ASQ:SE) and temperament (Infant Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised; IBQ-R) were assessed at age 10months. RESULTS Higher maternal mindfulness during pregnancy was associated with less infant self-regulation problems and less infant negative affectivity. Mediation analysis showed that maternal anxiety mediated the association between infant self-regulation problems and maternal mindfulness. CONCLUSION These results suggest that maternal mindfulness during pregnancy may have positive effects on infant development. This association may be mediated by reduced anxiety symptoms in pregnant women who score high on mindfulness. Additional replication studies are needed using objective measures of infant behavioural/emotional outcomes and mindfulness of the mother during child development.
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447
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Kinser P, Masho S. "I just start crying for no reason": the experience of stress and depression in pregnant, urban, African-American adolescents and their perception of yoga as a management strategy. Womens Health Issues 2015; 25:142-8. [PMID: 25648492 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perinatal health disparities are of particular concern with pregnant, urban, African-American (AA) adolescents, who have high rates of stress and depression during pregnancy, higher rates of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, and many barriers to effective treatment. The purpose of this study was to explore pregnant, urban, AA teenagers' experience of stress and depression and examine their perceptions of adjunctive nonpharmacologic management strategies, such as yoga. METHODS This community-based, qualitative study used nontherapeutic focus groups to allow for exploration of attitudes, concerns, beliefs, and values regarding stress and depression in pregnancy and nonpharmacologic management approaches, such as mind-body therapies and other prenatal activities. FINDINGS The sample consisted of pregnant, AA, low-income adolescents (n=17) who resided in a large urban area in the United States. The themes that arose in the focus group discussions were that 1) stress and depression symptoms are pervasive in daily life, 2) participants felt a generalized sense of isolation, 3) stress/depression management techniques should be group based, interactive, and focused on the specific needs of teenagers, and 4) yoga is an appealing stress management technique to this population. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggest that pregnant, urban, adolescents are highly stressed; they interpret depression-like symptoms to be signs of stress; they desire group-based, interactive activities; and they are interested in yoga classes for stress/depression management and relationship building. It is imperative that health care providers and researchers focus on these needs, particularly when designing prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kinser
- Department of Family and Community Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Nursing, Richmond, Virginia.
| | - Saba Masho
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology & Institute for Women's Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Alves E, Fielder A, Ghabriel N, Sawyer M, Buisman-Pijlman FTA. Early social environment affects the endogenous oxytocin system: a review and future directions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:32. [PMID: 25814979 PMCID: PMC4356154 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous oxytocin plays an important role in a wide range of human functions including birth, milk ejection during lactation, and facilitation of social interaction. There is increasing evidence that both variations in the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and concentrations of oxytocin are associated with differences in these functions. The causes for the differences that have been observed in tonic and stimulated oxytocin release remain unclear. Previous reviews have suggested that across the life course, these differences may be due to individual factors, e.g., genetic variation (of the OXTR), age or sex, or be the result of early environmental influences, such as social experiences, stress, or trauma partly by inducing epigenetic changes. This review has three aims. First, we briefly discuss the endogenous oxytocin system, including physiology, development, individual differences, and function. Second, current models describing the relationship between the early life environment and the development of the oxytocin system in humans and animals are discussed. Finally, we describe research designs that can be used to investigate the effects of the early environment on the oxytocin system, identifying specific areas of research that need further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Alves
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Emily Alves and Femke T.A. Buisman-Pijlman, Adelaide University, 30 Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia e-mail: ;
| | - Andrea Fielder
- School of Midwifery, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nerelle Ghabriel
- School of Midwifery, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Sawyer
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Research and Evaluation Unit, Women’s and Children’s Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Femke T. A. Buisman-Pijlman
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Emily Alves and Femke T.A. Buisman-Pijlman, Adelaide University, 30 Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia e-mail: ;
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Pilot early intervention antenatal group program for pregnant women with anxiety and depression. Arch Womens Ment Health 2014; 17:503-9. [PMID: 25074561 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-014-0447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the acceptability and effectiveness of an antenatal group intervention designed to reduce the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms and improve maternal attachment in pregnant women with current or emerging depression and anxiety. Women who participated in the program completed pre- and posttreatment measures of depression (Centre of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and maternal attachment (Condon Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale). Participants also completed a satisfaction questionnaire and provided general feedback about the group intervention and experience. A total of 48 women (M = 26 weeks of gestation) commenced and 37 (77 %) completed at least 80 % of the six session group intervention. Significant improvements with moderate to large effect sizes were observed for depression as measured on the Centre of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) (p < 0.001), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (p < 0.001), state anxiety (p < 0.001) and maternal attachment (p = 0.006). Improvements in posttreatment depression scores on the EPDS were maintained at 2 months postpartum. Participants reported that the program had met their expectations. Partners (n = 21) who completed evaluation forms indicated that their attendance had improved their awareness of their partner's mental health issues and resources available to their family and would recommend the program to other fathers. These preliminary findings suggest that our antenatal group program is an effective and acceptable intervention for a clinical sample of women and partners. It is a feasible addition or alternative treatment option to perinatal mental health care. Future directions could involve more comprehensive randomised controlled trials (RCT) to examine the effectiveness of the group intervention.
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