401
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Targeted Sequence Capture and High-Throughput Sequencing in the Molecular Diagnosis of Ichthyosis and Other Skin Diseases. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:573-6. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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402
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403
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Esposito G, De Falco F, Neri I, Graziano C, Toschi B, Auricchio L, Gouveia C, Sousa AB, Salvatore F. Different TGM1 mutation spectra in Italian and Portuguese patients with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis: evidence of founder effects in Portugal. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:1364-7. [PMID: 23278109 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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404
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Al-Naamani A, Al-Waily A, Al-Kindi M, Al-Awadi M, Al-Yahyaee SA. Transglutaminase-1 mutations in Omani families with lamellar ichthyosis. Med Princ Pract 2013; 22:438-43. [PMID: 23689228 PMCID: PMC5586776 DOI: 10.1159/000349914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the molecular basis of familial ichthyosis in three Omani families. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Nine patients from three consanguineous families, A, B, and C, were born with typical features of lamellar ichthyosis subtype including collodion membrane and maintained ectropion, and epidermal scaling through their childhood. The 4 patients from family B had more severe symptoms requiring neonatal critical care and subsequent regular treatment with emollients, eye lubricants, and low-dose acitretin. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood by standard methods. The samples were initially genotyped to screen known loci linked to recessive ichthyosis on chromosomes 2q33-32 (ABCA12), 14q11 (TGM1), and 19p12-q12 using commercially supplied polymorphic fluorescent microsatellite markers. TGM1 was analyzed by direct sequencing for disease-associated mutations. RESULTS Two known pathogenic mutations in TGM1 were detected: p.Gly278Arg in families A and B and p.Arg396His in family C. These two mutations were segregating in an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. CONCLUSION Two known pathogenic TGM1 mutations were detected in three large consanguineous Omani families with lamellar ichthyosis. This study confirmed the geographic distribution of known mutations to an apparently unrelated population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Al-Naamani
- Department of Genetics, Public Health Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Waily
- Department of Family and Public Health Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Oman
| | - Mohammed Al-Kindi
- Department of Biochemistry, Public Health Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Oman
| | - Maha Al-Awadi
- Department of Genetics, Public Health Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Oman
| | - Said Ali Al-Yahyaee
- Department of Genetics, Public Health Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Oman
- *Said Ali Al-Yahyaee, Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 35, Al-Khoud 123 (Oman), E-Mail
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405
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Prado R, Ellis LZ, Gamble R, Funk T, Arbuckle HA, Bruckner AL. Collodion baby: An update with a focus on practical management. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 67:1362-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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406
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Schaffer JV. Molecular Diagnostics in Genodermatoses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 31:211-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sder.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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407
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Medina-Gil C, Gómez-Duaso A, Carretero-Hernández G. Gemelas con cuadro de hiperqueratosis y descamación. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2012; 103:925-926. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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408
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Abstract
Genetic mosaicism is defined as the existence of at least two genetically distinct cell populations within one individual. Mosaic presentation of genetic disorders is common and is often particularly obvious in the skin, because there it will generate recognizable patterns. Recognizing those can frequently assist in establishing a diagnosis. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that give rise to genetic mosaicism. We describe its most frequent cutaneous manifestations that are relevant to paediatric practice. While most mosaic genetic diseases are rare, it is important to recognize them so that patients and parents may receive appropriate genetic counselling. Moreover, recent developments are now resulting in novel, targeted treatments for such disorders that promise to considerably improve patients' lives.
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409
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A spontaneous Fatp4/Scl27a4 splice site mutation in a new murine model for congenital ichthyosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50634. [PMID: 23226340 PMCID: PMC3511458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital ichthyoses are life-threatening conditions in humans. We describe here the identification and molecular characterization of a novel recessive mutation in mice that results in newborn lethality with severe congenital lamellar ichthyosis. Mutant newborns have a taut, shiny, non-expandable epidermis that resembles cornified manifestations of autosomal-recessive congenital ichthyosis in humans. The skin is stretched so tightly that the newborn mice are immobilized. The genetic defect was mapped to a region near the proximal end of chromosome 2 by SNP analysis, suggesting Fatp4/Slc27a4 as a candidate gene. FATP4 mutations in humans cause ichthyosis prematurity syndrome (IPS), and mutations of Fatp4 in mice have previously been found to cause a phenotype that resembles human congenital ichthyoses. Characterization of the Fatp4 cDNA revealed a fusion of exon 8 to exon 10, with deletion of exon 9. Genomic sequencing identified an A to T mutation in the splice donor sequence at the 3'-end of exon 9. Loss of exon 9 results in a frame shift mutation upstream from the conserved very long-chain acyl-CoA synthase (VLACS) domain. Histological studies revealed that the mutant mice have defects in keratinocyte differentiation, along with hyperproliferation of the stratum basale of the epidermis, a hyperkeratotic stratum corneum, and reduced numbers of secondary hair follicles. Since Fatp4 protein is present primarily at the stratum granulosum and the stratum spinosum, the hyperproliferation and the alterations in hair follicle induction suggest that very long chain fatty acids, in addition to being required for normal cornification, may influence signals from the stratum corneum to the basal cells that help to orchestrate normal skin differentiation.
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410
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Abstract
Lamellar ichthyosis (LI, MIM# 242300) is a severe autosomal recessive genodermatosis present at birth in the form of collodion membrane covering the neonate. Mutations in the TGM1 gene encoding transglutaminase-1 are a major cause of LI. In this study molecular analysis of two LI Tunisian patients revealed a common nonsense c.788G>A mutation in TGM1 gene. The identification of a cluster of LI pedigrees carrying the c.788G>A mutation in a specific area raises the question of the origin of this mutation from a common ancestor. We carried out a haplotype-based analysis by way of genotyping 4 microsatellite markers and 8 SNPs flanking and within the TGM1 gene spanning a region of 6 Mb. Haplotype reconstruction from genotypes of all members of the affected pedigrees indicated that all carriers for the mutation c.788G>A harbored the same haplotype, indicating common ancestor. The finding of a founder effect in a rare disease is essential for the genetic diagnosis and the genetic counselling of affected LI pedigrees in Tunisia.
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411
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Medina-Gil C, Gómez-Duaso AJ, Carretero-Hernández G. Hyperkeratosis and scaling in identical twins. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2012; 103:925-6. [PMID: 23154249 DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2012.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Medina-Gil
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Gran Canaria, Spain.
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412
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Roth W, Kumar V, Beer HD, Richter M, Wohlenberg C, Reuter U, Thiering S, Staratschek-Jox A, Hofmann A, Kreusch F, Schultze JL, Vogl T, Roth J, Reichelt J, Hausser I, Magin TM. Keratin 1 maintains skin integrity and participates in an inflammatory network in skin through interleukin-18. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:5269-79. [PMID: 23132931 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.116574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin 1 (KRT1) and its heterodimer partner keratin 10 (KRT10) are major constituents of the intermediate filament cytoskeleton in suprabasal epidermis. KRT1 mutations cause epidermolytic ichthyosis in humans, characterized by loss of barrier integrity and recurrent erythema. In search of the largely unknown pathomechanisms and the role of keratins in barrier formation and inflammation control, we show here that Krt1 is crucial for maintenance of skin integrity and participates in an inflammatory network in murine keratinocytes. Absence of Krt1 caused a prenatal increase in interleukin-18 (IL-18) and the S100A8 and S100A9 proteins, accompanied by a barrier defect and perinatal lethality. Depletion of IL-18 partially rescued Krt1(-/-) mice. IL-18 release was keratinocyte-autonomous, KRT1 and caspase-1 dependent, supporting an upstream role of KRT1 in the pathology. Finally, transcriptome profiling revealed a Krt1-mediated gene expression signature similar to atopic eczema and psoriasis, but different from Krt5 deficiency and epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Our data suggest a functional link between KRT1 and human inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wera Roth
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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413
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414
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Terrinoni A, Serra V, Codispoti A, Talamonti E, Bui L, Palombo R, Sette M, Campione E, Didona B, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Zambruno G, Melino G, Candi E. Novel transglutaminase 1 mutations in patients affected by lamellar ichthyosis. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e416. [PMID: 23096117 PMCID: PMC3481139 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lamellar Ichthyosis (LI) is a form of congenital ichthyosis that is caused by mutations in the TGM1 gene that encodes for the transglutaminase 1 (TG1) enzyme. Functional inactivation of TG1 could be due to mutations, deletion or insertions. In this study, we have screened 16 patients affected by LI and found six new mutations: two transition/transversion (R37G, V112A), two nonsense mutations and two putative splice site both leading to a premature stop codon. The mutations are localized in exons 2 (N-terminal domain), 5, 11 (central catalytic domain), and none is located in the two beta-barrel C-terminal domains. In conclusion, this study expands the current knowledge on TGM1 mutation spectrum, increasing the characterization of mutations would provide more accurate prenatal genetic counselling for parents at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Terrinoni
- IDI-IRCCS c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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415
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Lamellar ichthyosis due to ALOX12B mutation. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2012; 104:443-4. [PMID: 23083690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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416
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Pigors M, Kiritsi D, Cobzaru C, Schwieger-Briel A, Suárez J, Faletra F, Aho H, Mäkelä L, Kern JS, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Has C. TGM5 Mutations Impact Epidermal Differentiation in Acral Peeling Skin Syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:2422-2429. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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417
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Pastore S, Gorlato G, Berti I, Barbi E, Ventura A. Successful induction of oral tolerance in Netherton syndrome. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2012; 40:316-7. [PMID: 21962899 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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418
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Prevalence of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis: A population-based study using the capture-recapture method in Spain. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 67:240-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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419
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Fachal L, Rodríguez-Pazos L, Ginarte M, Beiras A, Suárez-Peñaranda JM, Toribio J, Carracedo Á, Vega A. Characterization of TGM1 c.984+1G>A mutation identified in a homozygous carrier of lamellar ichthyosis. Int J Dermatol 2012; 51:427-30. [PMID: 22435431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a rare, nonsyndromic, heterogeneous disorder of cornification. It is divided into three clinical subtypes: lamellar ichthyosis (LI); congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma; and harlequin ichthyosis. In the majority of patients, LI is caused by transglutaminase-1 (TGase1) deficiency resulting from mutations in both copies of the transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) gene in chromosome 14. CASE REPORT We report a patient with a severe LI phenotype who has a homozygous putative splicing mutation in the TGM1 gene. Our aim is to assess the pathologic effect of the TGM1 c.984+1G>A by splicing assays and bioinformatic tools. RESULTS c.984+1G>A mutation created two alternative TGM1 mRNA splice variants that included 30 or 32 nucleotides of the 5' of intron 6. At the protein level, the partial in-frame aberrant transcript retaining 30 bp of intron 6 led to the insertion of 10 amino acids (p.Met329_Val330ins10) at the catalytic core domain of TGM1 protein (codons 247-572), whereas the transcript with the insertion of 32 nucleotides is predicted to encode a truncated protein (p.Val330MetfsX12). CONCLUSION Our splicing assay, together with bioinformatic prediction tools, supports the pathological effect of the recently identified c.984+1G>A mutation in the TGM1 gene and unravels the molecular mechanism by which c.984+1G>A acts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fachal
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica-USC, CIBERER, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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420
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Chamcheu JC, Wood GS, Siddiqui IA, Syed DN, Adhami VM, Teng JM, Mukhtar H. Progress towards genetic and pharmacological therapies for keratin genodermatoses: current perspective and future promise. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:481-9. [PMID: 22716242 PMCID: PMC3556927 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary keratin disorders of the skin and its appendages comprise a large group of clinically heterogeneous disfiguring blistering and ichthyotic diseases, primarily characterized by the loss of tissue integrity, blistering and hyperkeratosis in severely affected tissues. Pathogenic mutations in keratins cause these afflictions. Typically, these mutations in concert with characteristic features have formed the basis for improved disease diagnosis, prognosis and most recently therapy development. Examples include epidermolysis bullosa simplex, keratinopathic ichthyosis, pachyonychia congenita and several other tissue-specific hereditary keratinopathies. Understanding the molecular and genetic events underlying skin dysfunction has initiated alternative treatment approaches that may provide novel therapeutic opportunities for affected patients. Animal and in vitro disease modelling studies have shed more light on molecular pathogenesis, further defining the role of keratins in disease processes and promoting the translational development of new gene and pharmacological therapeutic strategies. Given that the molecular basis for these monogenic disorders is well established, gene therapy and drug discovery targeting pharmacological compounds with the ability to reinforce the compromised cytoskeleton may lead to promising new therapeutic strategies for treating hereditary keratinopathies. In this review, we will summarize and discuss recent advances in the preclinical and clinical modelling and development of gene, natural product, pharmacological and protein-based therapies for these disorders, highlighting the feasibility of new approaches for translational clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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421
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Galve J, Vicente A, González-Enseñat MA, Pérez-Dueñas B, Cusí V, Møller LB, Julià M, Domínguez A, Ferrando J. Neonatal erythroderma as a first manifestation of Menkes disease. Pediatrics 2012; 130:e239-42. [PMID: 22711717 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Menkes disease is an X-linked recessive lethal multisystemic disorder of copper metabolism. Progressive neurodegeneration, connective tissue disturbances, and peculiar kinky hair are the main manifestations. The low serum copper and ceruloplasmin suggests the diagnosis, which is confirmed by mutation analysis of the ATP7A gene. We report an exceptional presentation of classic Menkes disease with neonatal erythroderma. Genetic study revealed a deletion in exons 8 to 12 in the ATP7A gene. This study could allow pediatricians and pediatric dermatologists to diagnose the disorder as early as possible to establish prompt treatment with parenteral copper-histidine supplementation to improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Galve
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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422
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423
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The expression of epidermal lipoxygenases and transglutaminase-1 is perturbed by NIPAL4 mutations: indications of a common metabolic pathway essential for skin barrier homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:2368-2375. [PMID: 22622417 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a heterogeneous group of skin barrier diseases due inter alia to mutations in transglutaminase-1 (TGM1), in lipoxygenases (LOXs) of the hepoxilin pathway, and in ichthyin, a putative Mg(2+) transporter encoded by the NIPAL4 gene. In search of a common pathogenic pathway for ARCI, we investigated the epidermal expression of TGM1, 12R-LOX, eLOX-3, and ichthyin in skin biopsies from four healthy controls and nine patients with ARCI. In healthy skin, TGM1, ichthyin, and the LOX enzymes were predominantly expressed in the upper epidermis where colocalization signals could also be demonstrated by in situ proximity ligation assay. In patients with ALOX12B mutations and abnormal 12R-LOX expression, the colocalization signal for eLOX-3 and TGM1 was increased 4-fold. In contrast, patients with NIPAL4 mutations and abnormal ichthyin expression showed increased 12R-LOX and eLOX-3 staining and a colocalization signal of these LOXs that was three times the normal intensity. Treatment of these patients with a retinoid-mimetic drug, liarozole, normalized the expression of 12R-LOX and attenuated the colocalization signal. Altogether, our data indicate that ichthyin and TGM1 are functionally closely related in the lipid processing and that this metabolic pathway can be modified by retinoids.
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424
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Fachal L, Rodríguez-Pazos L, Ginarte M, Toribio J, Salas A, Vega A. Multiple local and recent founder effects of TGM1 in Spanish families. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33580. [PMID: 22511925 PMCID: PMC3325222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the TGM1 gene encoding transglutaminase 1 are a major cause of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. In the Galician (NW Spain) population, three mutations, c.2278C>T, c.1223_1227delACAC and c.984+1G>A, were observed at high frequency, representing ~46%, ~21% and ~13% of all TGM1 gene mutations, respectively. Moreover, these mutations were reported only once outside of Galicia, pointing to the existence of historical episodes of local severe genetic drift in this region. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In order to determine whether these mutations were inherited from a common ancestor in the Galician population, and to estimate the number of generations since their initial appearance, we carried out a haplotype-based analysis by way of genotyping 21 SNPs within and flanking the TGM1 gene and 10 flanking polymorphic microsatellite markers spanning a region of 12 Mb. Two linkage disequilibrium based methods were used to estimate the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA), while a Bayesian-based procedure was used to estimate the age of the two mutations. Haplotype reconstruction from unphased genotypes of all members of the affected pedigrees indicated that all carriers for each of the two mutations harbored the same haplotypes, indicating common ancestry. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In good agreement with the documentation record and the census, both mutations arose between 2,800-2,900 years ago (y.a.), but their TMRCA was in the range 600-1,290 y.a., pointing to the existence of historical bottlenecks in the region followed by population growth. This demographic scenario finds further support on a Bayesian Coalescent Analysis based on TGM1 haplotypes that allowed estimating the occurrence of a dramatic reduction of effective population size around 900-4,500 y.a. (95% highest posterior density) followed by exponential growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fachal
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica-USC, CIBERER, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez-Pazos
- Department of Dermatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, SERGAS, Faculty of Medicine, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Ginarte
- Department of Dermatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, SERGAS, Faculty of Medicine, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jaime Toribio
- Department of Dermatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, SERGAS, Faculty of Medicine, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Salas
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, and Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica-USC, CIBERER, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- * E-mail:
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425
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Cañueto J, Girós M, Ciria S, Pi-Castán G, Artigas M, García-Dorado J, García-Patos V, Virós A, Vendrell T, Torrelo A, Hernández-Martín A, Martín-Hernández E, Garcia-Silva MT, Fernández-Burriel M, Rosell J, Tejedor M, Martínez F, Valero J, García JL, Sánchez-Tapia EM, Unamuno P, González-Sarmiento R. Clinical, molecular and biochemical characterization of nine Spanish families with Conradi-Hünermann-Happle syndrome: new insights into X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata with a comprehensive review of the literature. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166:830-8. [PMID: 22121851 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conradi-Hünermann-Happle syndrome (CDPX2, OMIM 302960) is an inherited X-linked dominant variant of chondrodysplasia punctata which primarily affects the skin, bones and eyes. CDPX2 results from mutations in EBP (emopamil binding protein), and presents with increased levels of sterol precursors 8(9)-cholesterol and 8-dehydrocholesterol. OBJECTIVES To expand the understanding of CDPX2, clinically, biochemically and genetically. METHODS We present one of the largest series reported to date, including 13 female patients belonging to nine Spanish families. Patients were studied biochemically using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, genetically using polymerase chain reaction and in their methylation status using the HUMARA assay. RESULTS In our cases, there was a clear relationship between abnormal sterol profile and the EBP gene mutation. We describe three novel mutations in the EBP gene. EBP mutations were inherited in three out of nine families and were sporadic in the remaining cases. CONCLUSIONS No clear genotype-phenotype correlation was found. Patients' biochemical profiles did not reveal a relationship between sterol profiles and severity of disease. A skewed X-chromosome inactivation may explain the clinical phenotype in CDPX2 in some familial cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cañueto
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Mazereeuw-Hautier J, Dreyfus I, Barbarot S, Serrentino L, Bourdon-Lanoy E, Ezzedine K, Maza A, Aujoulat I, Le Rhun A. Factors influencing quality of life in patients with inherited ichthyosis: a qualitative study in adults using focus groups. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166:646-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10701.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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427
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Chouhan K, Sethuraman G, Gupta N, Sharma V, Kabra M, Khaitan B, Sreenivas V, Ramam M, Kusumakar S, Thulkar S, Paller A. Vitamin D deficiency and rickets in children and adolescents with ichthyosiform erythroderma in type IV and V skin. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166:608-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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428
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Nagtzaam I, Stegmann A, Steijlen P, Herbergs J, Van Lent-Albrechts J, Van Geel M, Van Steensel M. Clinically manifest X-linked recessive ichthyosis in a female due to a homozygous interstitial 1·6-Mb deletion of Xp22.31. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166:905-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10685.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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429
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Xiong Z, Luo S, Xu X, Zhang L, Peng H, Li W, Xue J, Chen X, Hu Z, Xia K. Novel FLG mutations associated with ichthyosis vulgaris in the Chinese population. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012; 37:177-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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430
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Dahlqvist J, Westermark GT, Vahlquist A, Dahl N. Ichthyin/NIPAL4 localizes to keratins and desmosomes in epidermis and Ichthyin mutations affect epidermal lipid metabolism. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 304:377-86. [PMID: 22258272 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a group of disorders characterized by abnormal desquamation of the skin and a disrupted epidermal water barrier. Ichthyin/NIPAL4 gene mutations have been identified in a subgroup of ARCI patients, but the role of ichthyin in epidermis remains elusive. In order to obtain new insights concerning the characteristics of ichthyin and the ARCI pathogenesis, we studied the expression and localization of ichthyin and related epidermal components in cultured keratinocytes and skin sections from patients with Ichthyin mutations and healthy controls. We observed an up-regulation of Ichthyin mRNA levels after in vitro differentiation of keratinocytes from both a patient with Ichthyin mutations and controls. Confocal and electron microscopy analyses of immunolabeled skin sections revealed that ichthyin localizes to desmosomes and keratins in both patients with mutant Ichthyin and controls, with an increased immunolabeling in patients. Nile red lipid analysis of skin sections exposed intra-cellular lipid accumulations in cells of the granular and cornified layers in patients but not in controls, consistent with the pathognomonic lipid membrane structures previously identified in epidermis from patients. Our combined findings indicate that ichthyin is associated with keratins and desmosomes in epidermis and is involved in lipid metabolism, possibly through processing of lamellar bodies. These results provide new clues to the understanding of the epidermal water barrier and the pathogenesis in ARCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Dahlqvist
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
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431
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Grall A, Guaguère E, Planchais S, Grond S, Bourrat E, Hausser I, Hitte C, Le Gallo M, Derbois C, Kim GJ, Lagoutte L, Degorce-Rubiales F, Radner FPW, Thomas A, Küry S, Bensignor E, Fontaine J, Pin D, Zimmermann R, Zechner R, Lathrop M, Galibert F, André C, Fischer J. PNPLA1 mutations cause autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis in golden retriever dogs and humans. Nat Genet 2012; 44:140-7. [PMID: 22246504 DOI: 10.1038/ng.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ichthyoses comprise a heterogeneous group of genodermatoses characterized by abnormal desquamation over the whole body, for which the genetic causes of several human forms remain unknown. We used a spontaneous dog model in the golden retriever breed, which is affected by a lamellar ichthyosis resembling human autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses (ARCI), to carry out a genome-wide association study. We identified a homozygous insertion-deletion (indel) mutation in PNPLA1 that leads to a premature stop codon in all affected golden retriever dogs. We subsequently found one missense and one nonsense mutation in the catalytic domain of human PNPLA1 in six individuals with ARCI from two families. Further experiments highlighted the importance of PNPLA1 in the formation of the epidermal lipid barrier. This study identifies a new gene involved in human ichthyoses and provides insights into the localization and function of this yet uncharacterized member of the PNPLA protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Grall
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
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432
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Nakagawa N, Yamamoto M, Imai Y, Sakaguchi Y, Takizawa T, Ohta N, Yagi N, Hatta I, Hitomi K, Takizawa T, Takeda J, Tsuda T, Matsuki M, Yamanishi K. Knocking-in the R142C mutation in transglutaminase 1 disrupts the stratum corneum barrier and postnatal survival of mice. J Dermatol Sci 2011; 65:196-206. [PMID: 22258055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the gene encoding transglutaminase 1 (TG1) are responsible for various types of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI), such as lamellar ichthyosis (LI), congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE) and some minor variants of ARCI. A point mutation of R143C in the β-sandwich domain of TG1 has been often identified in patients with LI or CIE. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the effect of that point mutation on skin barrier structures and functions, we generated mice with a point mutation of R142C, which corresponds to the R143C mutation in human TG1. METHODS A mouse line with the R142C point mutation in TG1 was established using a gene targeting technique and the Cre-loxP system. The skin phenotypes were analyzed in homozygous mutant Tgm1(R142C/R142C) mice. RESULTS In the skin of Tgm1(R142C/R142C) mice, expression of the mutant transcripts was comparable with wild-type or Tgm1(+/R142C) mice. However, the amount of mutated protein in the skin was markedly decreased in Tgm1(R142C/R142C) mice, and the TG1 activity of Tgm1(R142C/R142C) keratinocytes was almost lost. Tgm1(R142C/R142C) mice exhibited morphological and functional skin barrier defects and neonatal lethality. The stratum corneum of those mice lacked cornified envelopes, and loricrin, the major structural component, failed to assemble at the corneocyte cell periphery. Tgm1(R142C/R142C) mice showed a marked increase in transepidermal water loss and their skin was easily permeable to toluidine blue dye. The intercellular lipid lamellar structures of the stratum corneum were irregular and the 13-nm periodic X-ray diffractions from the stratum corneum lipid molecules were lost in vivo. CONCLUSION From these results, we suggest that the R142C mutation of TG1 reduces the enzyme stability which is indispensable for development of the stratum corneum and skin barrier function and for postnatal survival of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
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433
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Telem DF, Israeli S, Sarig O, Sprecher E. Inflammatory peeling skin syndrome caused a novel mutation in CDSN. Arch Dermatol Res 2011; 304:251-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-011-1195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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434
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Yamamoto M, Sakaguchi Y, Itoh M, Nakagawa N, Fukunaga A, Hitomi K, Yamanishi K. Bathing suit ichthyosis with summer exacerbation: a temperature-sensitive case. Br J Dermatol 2011; 166:672-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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435
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Description of the natural course and clinical manifestations of ichthyosis with confetti caused by a novel KRT10 mutation. Br J Dermatol 2011; 166:434-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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436
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Tadini G, Giustini S, Milani M. Efficacy of topical 10% urea-based lotion in patients with ichthyosis vulgaris: a two-center, randomized, controlled, single-blind, right-vs.-left study in comparison with standard glycerol-based emollient cream. Curr Med Res Opin 2011; 27:2279-84. [PMID: 22007909 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2011.628381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ichthyoses are genetic disorders of keratinization which are uncomfortable due to their conspicuous scaling, itching and cosmetic problems. Ichthyoses can lead to social discrimination and psychological problems. Ichthyosis vulgaris (IV) is the most common form of these geno-dermatoses. IV is a chronic disorder that often requires continuous therapy. Emollient and keratolytic products are the mainstay treatments of IV. It is important that efficient, safe and well tolerated therapies should be available. Direct comparative data regarding efficacy of different emollient products in IV patients are very few. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the keratolytic and moisturizing properties as well as the tolerance of a new urea topical formulation (Ureadin Rx10) when applied to hyperkeratotic and dry skin in patients with (IV) in comparison with a standard emollient cream. METHODS The study was conducted as a two-center, randomized, controlled, single-blind, intra-patient (right-vs.-left) trial design. A total of 30 patients with IV between 8 and 65 (mean age: 25 years) treated with a 10% urea-based lotion, Ureadin Rx 10 * *Ureadin RX 10 is a registered trade name of ISDIN, Spain. (URx), for 4 weeks or a glycerol-based emollient cream, Dexeryl † †Dexeryl is a registered trade name of Pierre Fabre Dermatologie. (DC), in a right-vs.-left study design. Primary outcome was a 5-point SRRC Index score (evaluating scaling roughness, redness and cracks) evaluated at baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. As secondary endpoints patients evaluated also the global efficacy (GE) and global tolerability (GT) scores with the help of a 10 cm visual analogue scale (0 = no efficacy at all/very bad tolerability; 10: excellent efficacy/excellent tolerability). RESULTS At baseline the mean (SD) SRRC score was 9.5 (1.9) in the URx treated sites and 9.5 (1.9) in the DC treated sites. A total of 27 patients (90%) concluded the study period. Three patients were withdrawn prematurely because of itching and burning sensation after DC application (1 patient) or URx application (2 patients). At week 4, in comparison with baseline values, both treatments were shown to be clinically effective: SRRC significantly (p = 0.0001) decreased to 3.3 (1.8) after URx (a 65% relative reduction) and to 5.7 (2.5) after DC (a 40% relative reduction). SRRC was significantly lower in URx treated regions in comparison with DC both after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment (p = 0.0005). Mean GE score in areas treated with URx was significantly (p = 0.0001) higher than in the areas treated with the DC (8.9 vs.7.3). Both treatments were in general well tolerated. GT score was 8.1 (range 10 to 3) with URx and 8.4 (range 10 to 3) with DC application (p = ns). The two main limitations of this trial are the study design (single blind), and the small sample size which is not adequate for an evaluation of safety. CONCLUSION Ureadin Rx 10 lotion has shown a greater efficacy on ichthyosis vulgaris in term of reduction of scaling, roughness, redness and cracking in comparison with a glycerol-based emollient cream. Tolerability of the two topical treatments was comparable. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed for the evaluation of safety and tolerability of urea 10% lotion in this clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Tadini
- Dermatologic Clinic, Centre for hereditary dermatoses, Maggiore Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
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437
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Blanchet-Bardon C, Tadini G, Machado Matos M, Delarue A. Association of glycerol and paraffin in the treatment of ichthyosis in children: an international, multicentric, randomized, controlled, double-blind study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 26:1014-9. [PMID: 22118417 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficacy and tolerance should be considered in topical treatments of chronicle affections with impaired skin barrier function such as ichthyosis. OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the efficacy of Dexeryl in reducing severity of ichthyosis. METHODS A prospective, multicentre, randomized, placebo controlled study was performed with patients under 18 years suffering from a non-bullous form of ichthyosis. A double-blind period using Dexeryl (an emollient cream containing glycerol 15% and paraffin 10%) or placebo (its vehicle) during 4 weeks followed by an open label period with all patients treated by Dexeryl for 8 weeks. Improvement of ichthyosis was assessed by cutaneous xerosis evolution (SRRC score): the percentage of patients with 50% reduction of the SRRC score at D28 was the primary criterion. The assessment of pruritus [visual analogue scale (VAS)], global evaluation and safety were secondary. RESULTS The percentage of patients with at least 50% reduction of SRRC score at D28 was significantly higher in Dexeryl group (60.3%) vs. vehicle group (43.5%; P = 0.008). Reduction of pruritus on VAS was significantly higher at D28 with Dexeryl (-2.16) compared to that in placebo (-1.49), P < 0.05. The improvement continues through the open label period: at D84 we observed -2.5 of SRRC score in the Dexeryl group vs.-1.8 for the group previously treated by vehicle. Investigators found Dexeryl efficacy as satisfying for about 80% of treated patients vs. 50% with vehicle. Concerning safety, most of the adverse events were not related to treatment. CONCLUSIONS Dexeryl showed a significant improvement of xerosis and related symptoms in children with ichthyosis and was well tolerated.
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438
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Alavi A, Shahshahani MM, Klotzle B, Fan JB, Ronaghi M, Elahi E. Manifestation of diffuse yellowish keratoderma on the palms and soles in autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis patients may be indicative of mutations in NIPAL4. J Dermatol 2011; 39:375-81. [PMID: 22098531 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01412.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ichthyosis is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by abnormal skin scaling over the whole body. Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) comprises various forms, the most important of which are lamellar ichthyosis (LI) and congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE). Seven genes have been identified to be causative of ARCI, and these account for disease in 60-80% of the patients. There is notable phenotypic overlap between the major forms of ARCI, and a strong genotype-phenotype correlation has not been found. Here, we initially aimed to identify the causative gene in a large Iranian ARCI pedigree, and subsequently performed genetic analysis on four other affected pedigrees. A genotype-phenotype correlation was sought. Whole genome homozygosity mapping using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism chips was performed on the large pedigree. Linkage to chromosome 5 and a mutation in NIPAL4 causing p.G297R were identified. The same mutation was also identified in two of the remaining four Iranian pedigrees. Two of the NIPAL4 mutation bearing pedigrees were classified as CIE and one as LI. Notably, all NIPAL4 mutation-bearing patients manifested diffuse yellowish keratoderma on the palms and soles. We provide evidence suggesting presentation of this diffuse yellowish keratoderma may be indicative of mutations in NIPAL4, providing an easily assessable genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afagh Alavi
- School of Biology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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439
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Jennemann R, Rabionet M, Gorgas K, Epstein S, Dalpke A, Rothermel U, Bayerle A, van der Hoeven F, Imgrund S, Kirsch J, Nickel W, Willecke K, Riezman H, Gröne HJ, Sandhoff R. Loss of ceramide synthase 3 causes lethal skin barrier disruption. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:586-608. [PMID: 22038835 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The stratum corneum as the outermost epidermal layer protects against exsiccation and infection. Both the underlying cornified envelope (CE) and the intercellular lipid matrix contribute essentially to these two main protective barriers. Epidermis-unique ceramides with ultra-long-chain acyl moities (ULC-Cers) are key components of extracellular lipid lamellae (ELL) and are bound to CE proteins, thereby contributing to the cornified lipid envelope (CLE). Here, we identified human and mouse ceramide synthase 3 (CerS3), among CerS1-6, to be exclusively required for the ULC-Cer synthesis in vitro and of mouse CerS3 in vivo. Deficiency of CerS3 in mice results in complete loss of ULC-Cers (≥C26), lack of continuous ELL and a non-functional CLE. Consequently, newborn mutant mice die shortly after birth from transepidermal water loss. Mutant skin is prone to Candida albicans infection highlighting ULC-Cers to be pivotal for both barrier functions. Persistent periderm, hyperkeratosis and deficient cornification are hallmarks of mutant skin demonstrating loss of Cers to trigger a keratinocyte maturation arrest at an embryonic pre-barrier stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jennemann
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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440
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Bodemer C, Bourrat E, Mazereeuw-Hautier J, Boralevi F, Barbarot S, Bessis D, Blanchet-Bardon C, Bourdon-Lanoy E, Stalder JF, Ribet V, Guerrero D, Sibaud V. Short- and medium-term efficacy of specific hydrotherapy in inherited ichthyosis. Br J Dermatol 2011; 165:1087-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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441
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Enei ML, Cassettari A, Córdova S, Torres O, Paschoal F. Do you know this syndrome? An Bras Dermatol 2011; 86:819-21. [PMID: 21987161 DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962011000400037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome is a rare congenital ectodermal dysplasia affecting skin, the corneal epithelium and inner ear. Clinical signs consist of erythrokeratodermal plaques on the face and skin folds, usually present from birth, as well as severe and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and corneal vascularization associated with slow-progressing keratitis which follows skin and hearing changes at puberty. In view of symptoms of deafness, blindness, skin infections and the risk of malignant degeneration, early diagnosis of the syndrome is essential, together with clinical follow-up and genetic counseling.
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442
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Khnykin D, Rønnevig J, Johnsson M, Sitek JC, Blaas HGK, Hausser I, Johansen FE, Jahnsen FL. Ichthyosis prematurity syndrome: clinical evaluation of 17 families with a rare disorder of lipid metabolism. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 66:606-16. [PMID: 21856041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ichthyosis prematurity syndrome (IPS) is classified as a syndromic congenital ichthyosis based on the presence of skin changes at birth, ultrastructural abnormalities in the epidermis, and extracutaneous manifestations. Recently, mutations in the fatty acid transporter protein 4 gene have been identified in patients with IPS. OBJECTIVE We sought to perform a detailed clinical evaluation of patients with IPS identified in Norway. METHODS Clinical examination and follow-up of all patients (n = 23) and light and electron microscopic examination of skin biopsy specimens were performed. RESULTS IPS was characterized prenatally by ultrasound findings of polyhydramnios, separation of membranes, echogenic amniotic fluid, and clear chorionic fluid. All patients were born prematurely with sometimes life-threatening neonatal asphyxia; this was likely caused by aspiration of corneocyte-containing amniotic fluid as postmortem examination of lung tissue in two patients revealed keratin debris filling the bronchial tree and alveoli. The skin appeared erythrodermic, swollen, and covered by a greasy, thick vernix caseosa-like "scale" at birth, and evolved rapidly to a mild chronic ichthyosis. Many patients subsequently had chronic, severe pruritus. Histopathologic and ultrastructural examination of skin biopsy specimens showed hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, dermal inflammation, and characteristic aggregates of curved lamellar structures in the upper epidermis. Peripheral blood eosinophilia was invariably present and most patients had increased serum immunoglobulin E levels. Over 70% of the patients had a history of respiratory allergy and/or food allergy. LIMITATIONS The study included only 23 patients because of the rarity of the disease. CONCLUSION IPS is characterized by defined genetic mutations, typical ultrastructural skin abnormalities, and distinct prenatal and postnatal clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Khnykin
- Department of Pathology and Centre of Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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443
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Rodríguez‐Pazos L, Ginarte M, Fachal L, Toribio J, Carracedo A, Vega A. Analysis of
TGM1, ALOX12B, ALOXE3, NIPAL4
and
CYP4F22
in autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis from Galicia (NW Spain): evidence of founder effects. Br J Dermatol 2011; 165:906-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Rodríguez‐Pazos
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, SERGAS, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M. Ginarte
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, SERGAS, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L. Fachal
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica‐SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica‐USC, CIBERER, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J. Toribio
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, SERGAS, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A. Carracedo
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica‐SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica‐USC, CIBERER, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A. Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica‐SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica‐USC, CIBERER, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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444
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of several severe skin diseases seen in children. RECENT FINDINGS Several articles published recently added significantly to our understanding of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), eczema herpeticum, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and inherited ichthyosis. A review of 60 patients with DRESS showed 80% with hepatic involvement, 40% with renal involvement, 33% with pulmonary involvement and 50% with hematologic abnormalities. A review on eczema herpeticum describes several clinical scenarios in which it is vital to keep that diagnosis in mind. Another review on severe staphylococcal skin infections reminds us of the importance of covering for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in all such cases until cultures and sensitivities show otherwise. The results of an international consensus conference on ichthyosis published this year will help all of us to better characterize these complicated patients. Additionally, the first case of hypothyroidism associated with a collodion baby was reported, as was the finding of an increased incidence of atypical nevi in patients with inherited ichthyosis. SUMMARY Although all of the conditions discussed in this article are relatively rare, it is important that they be kept on the differential diagnosis for sick infants and children with cutaneous findings, as early diagnosis and treatment of some of these conditions can be life saving.
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445
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Paller AS, van Steensel MAM, Rodriguez-Martín M, Sorrell J, Heath C, Crumrine D, van Geel M, Cabrera AN, Elias PM. Pathogenesis-based therapy reverses cutaneous abnormalities in an inherited disorder of distal cholesterol metabolism. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:2242-8. [PMID: 21753784 PMCID: PMC3193573 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the underlying genetic, cellular, and biochemical basis of lipid metabolic disorders provides an opportunity to deploy corrective, mechanism-targeted, topical therapy. We assessed this therapeutic approach in two patients with Congenital Hemidysplasia with Ichthyosiform Erythroderma and Limb Defects (CHILD) syndrome, an X-linked dominant disorder of distal cholesterol metabolism. Based upon the putative pathogenic role of both pathway-product deficiency of cholesterol and accumulation of toxic metabolic intermediates, we assessed the efficacy of combined therapy with lovastatin and cholesterol. We also evaluated the basis for the poorly understood, unique lateralization of the cutaneous and bone malformations of CHILD syndrome by analyzing gene activation in abnormal and unaffected skin. Ultrastructural analysis of affected skin showed evidence of both cholesterol depletion and toxic metabolic accumulation. Topical treatment with lovastatin/cholesterol (but not cholesterol alone) virtually cleared skin lesions by 3 months, accompanied by histologic and ultrastructural normalization of epidermal structure and lipid secretion. The unusual lateralization of abnormalities in CHILD syndrome reflects selective clearance of keratinocytes and fibroblasts that express the mutant allele from the unaffected side. These findings validate pathogenesis-based therapy that provides the deficient end-product and prevents accumulation of toxic metabolites, an approach of potential utility for other syndromic lipid metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Paller
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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446
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Affiliation(s)
- K Natsuga
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
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447
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Köse O, Safali M, Koç E, Arca E, Açikgöz G, Özmen İ, Yeniay Y. Peeling skin diseases: 21 cases from Turkey and a review of the literature. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 26:844-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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448
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Haftek M, Callejon S, Sandjeu Y, Padois K, Falson F, Pirot F, Portes P, Demarne F, Jannin V. Compartmentalization of the human stratum corneum by persistent tight junction-like structures. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:617-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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449
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Arin MJ, Oji V, Emmert S, Hausser I, Traupe H, Krieg T, Grimberg G. Expanding the keratin mutation database: novel and recurrent mutations and genotype-phenotype correlations in 28 patients with epidermolytic ichthyosis. Br J Dermatol 2011; 164:442-7. [PMID: 21271994 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI) is a hereditary keratinization disorder caused by mutations in the keratin 1 (KRT1) or keratin 10 (KRT10) genes. In most cases of severe EI, heterozygous single point mutations are found at the highly conserved helix boundary motifs of KRT1 and KRT10 that play a critical role in filament formation. The presence of palmoplantar keratoderma suggests KRT1 mutations, whereas KRT10 mutations in most instances give rise to the nonpalmoplantar variants. OBJECTIVES To identify the underlying mutations in patients with EI and to correlate genotype and phenotype. METHODS Mutation analysis was performed in 28 patients with EI by direct sequencing of KRT1 and KRT10 genes. RESULTS We identified 14 different mutations, of which four have not been published previously. CONCLUSIONS Identification of novel mutations and genotype-phenotype correlations in EI allows improved understanding of disease pathogenesis as well as better patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Arin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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450
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Chamcheu JC, Pihl-Lundin I, Mouyobo CE, Gester T, Virtanen M, Moustakas A, Navsaria H, Vahlquist A, Törmä H. Immortalized keratinocytes derived from patients with epidermolytic ichthyosis reproduce the disease phenotype: a useful in vitro model for testing new treatments. Br J Dermatol 2011; 164:263-72. [PMID: 20977447 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI) is a skin fragility disorder caused by mutations in genes encoding suprabasal keratins 1 and 10. While the aetiology of EI is known, model systems are needed for pathophysiological studies and development of novel therapies. OBJECTIVES To generate immortalized keratinocyte lines from patients with EI for studies of EI cell pathology and the effects of chemical chaperones as putative therapies. METHODS We derived keratinocytes from three patients with EI and one healthy control and established immortalized keratinocytes using human papillomavirus 16-E6/E7. Growth and differentiation characteristics, ability to regenerate organotypic epidermis, keratin expression, formation of cytoskeletal aggregates, and responses to heat shock and chemical chaperones were assessed. RESULTS The cell lines EH11 (K1_p.Val176_Lys197del), EH21 (K10_p.156Arg>Gly), EH31 (K10_p.Leu161_Asp162del) and NKc21 (wild-type) currently exceed 160 population doublings and differentiate when exposed to calcium. At resting state, keratin aggregates were detected in 9% of calcium-differentiated EH31 cells, but not in any other cell line. Heat stress further increased this proportion to 30% and also induced aggregates in 3% of EH11 cultures. Treatment with trimethylamine N-oxide and 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) reduced the fraction of aggregate-containing cells and affected the mRNA expression of keratins 1 and 10 while 4-PBA also modified heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression. Furthermore, in situ proximity ligation assay suggested a colocalization between HSP70 and keratins 1 and 10. Reconstituted epidermis from EI cells cornified but EH21 and EH31 cells produced suprabasal cytolysis, closely resembling the in vivo phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These immortalized cell lines represent a useful model for studying EI biology and novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Chamcheu
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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