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Das S, Stamnaes J, Kemppainen E, Hervonen K, Lundin KEA, Parmar N, Jahnsen FL, Jahnsen J, Lindfors K, Salmi T, Iversen R, Sollid LM. Correction to: Separate Gut Plasma Cell Populations Produce Auto-Antibodies against Transglutaminase 2 and Transglutaminase 3 in Dermatitis Herpetiformis. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2400894. [PMID: 38477397 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
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Majid U, Bergsland CH, Sveen A, Bruun J, Eilertsen IA, Bækkevold ES, Nesbakken A, Yaqub S, Jahnsen FL, Lothe RA. The prognostic effect of tumor-associated macrophages in stage I-III colorectal cancer depends on T cell infiltration. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00926-w. [PMID: 38407700 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with unfavorable patient prognosis in many cancer types. However, TAMs are a heterogeneous cell population and subsets have been shown to activate tumor-infiltrating T cells and confer a good patient prognosis. Data on the prognostic value of TAMs in colorectal cancer are conflicting. We investigated the prognostic effect of TAMs in relation to tumor-infiltrating T cells in colorectal cancers. METHODS The TAM markers CD68 and CD163 were analyzed by multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry and digital image analysis on tissue microarrays of 1720 primary colorectal cancers. TAM density in the tumor stroma was scored in relation to T cell density (stromal CD3+ and epithelial CD8+ cells) and analyzed in Cox proportional hazards models of 5-year relapse-free survival. Multivariable survival models included clinicopathological factors, MSI status and BRAFV600E mutation status. RESULTS High TAM density was associated with a favorable 5-year relapse-free survival in a multivariable model of patients with stage I-III tumors (p = 0.004, hazard ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.90-0.98). However, the prognostic effect was dependent on tumoral T-cell density. High TAM density was associated with a good prognosis in patients who also had high T-cell levels in their tumors, while high TAM density was associated with poorer prognosis in patients with low T-cell levels (pinteraction = 0.0006). This prognostic heterogeneity was found for microsatellite stable tumors separately. CONCLUSIONS This study supported a phenotypic heterogeneity of TAMs in colorectal cancer, and showed that combined tumor immunophenotyping of multiple immune cell types improved the prediction of patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Majid
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian Holst Bergsland
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anita Sveen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jarle Bruun
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ina Andrassy Eilertsen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen S Bækkevold
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild Nesbakken
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sheraz Yaqub
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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McDonald GB, Landsverk OJ, McGovern DP, Aasebø A, Paulsen V, Haritunians T, Reims HM, McLaughlin BM, Zisman T, Li D, Elholm ET, Jahnsen FL, Georges GE, Gedde-Dahl T. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for patients with treatment-refractory Crohn's Disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24026. [PMID: 38283244 PMCID: PMC10818189 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Durable remissions of Crohn's Disease (CD) have followed myeloablative conditioning therapy and allogeneic marrow transplantation. For patients with treatment-refractory disease, we used reduced-intensity conditioning to minimize toxicity, marrow from donors with low Polygenic Risk Scores for CD as cell sources, and protracted immune suppression to lower the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Our aim was to achieve durable CD remissions while minimizing transplant-related complications. Methods DNA from patients and their HLA-matched unrelated donors was genotyped and Polygenic Risk Scores calculated. Donor marrow was infused following non-myeloablative conditioning. Patient symptoms and endoscopic findings were documented at intervals after transplant. Results We screened 807 patients, 143 of whom met eligibility criteria; 2 patients received allografts. Patient 1 had multiple complications and died at day 332 from respiratory failure. Patient 2 had resolution of CD symptoms until day 178 when CD recurred, associated with persistent host chimerism in both peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa. Withdrawal of immune suppression was followed by dominant donor immune chimerism in peripheral blood and resolution of CD findings. Over time, mucosal T-cells became donor-dominant. At 5 years after allografting, Patient 2 remained off all medications but had mild symptoms related to a jejunal stricture that required stricturoplasty at 6 years. At 8 years, she remains stable off medications. Conclusions The kinetics of immunologic chimerism after allogeneic marrow transplantation for CD patients depends on the intensity of the conditioning regimen and the magnitude of immune suppression. One patient achieved durable improvement of her previously refractory CD only after establishing donor immunologic chimerism in intestinal mucosa. Her course provides proof-of-principal for allografting as a potential treatment for refractory CD, but an immunoablative conditioning regimen should be considered for future studies.(ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01570348).
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Affiliation(s)
- George B. McDonald
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Dermot P.B. McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anders Aasebø
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vemund Paulsen
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Talin Haritunians
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Henrik M. Reims
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Timothy Zisman
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dalin Li
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elisabeth T.M.M. Elholm
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L. Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - George E. Georges
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tobias Gedde-Dahl
- Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Zilbauer M, James KR, Kaur M, Pott S, Li Z, Burger A, Thiagarajah JR, Burclaff J, Jahnsen FL, Perrone F, Ross AD, Matteoli G, Stakenborg N, Sujino T, Moor A, Bartolome-Casado R, Bækkevold ES, Zhou R, Xie B, Lau KS, Din S, Magness ST, Yao Q, Beyaz S, Arends M, Denadai-Souza A, Coburn LA, Gaublomme JT, Baldock R, Papatheodorou I, Ordovas-Montanes J, Boeckxstaens G, Hupalowska A, Teichmann SA, Regev A, Xavier RJ, Simmons A, Snyder MP, Wilson KT. A Roadmap for the Human Gut Cell Atlas. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:597-614. [PMID: 37258747 PMCID: PMC10527367 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00784-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The number of studies investigating the human gastrointestinal tract using various single-cell profiling methods has increased substantially in the past few years. Although this increase provides a unique opportunity for the generation of the first comprehensive Human Gut Cell Atlas (HGCA), there remains a range of major challenges ahead. Above all, the ultimate success will largely depend on a structured and coordinated approach that aligns global efforts undertaken by a large number of research groups. In this Roadmap, we discuss a comprehensive forward-thinking direction for the generation of the HGCA on behalf of the Gut Biological Network of the Human Cell Atlas. Based on the consensus opinion of experts from across the globe, we outline the main requirements for the first complete HGCA by summarizing existing data sets and highlighting anatomical regions and/or tissues with limited coverage. We provide recommendations for future studies and discuss key methodologies and the importance of integrating the healthy gut atlas with related diseases and gut organoids. Importantly, we critically overview the computational tools available and provide recommendations to overcome key challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Zilbauer
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- University Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Kylie R James
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sebastian Pott
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhixin Li
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert Burger
- Department of Computer Science, Heriot-watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jay R Thiagarajah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Burclaff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University', Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Perrone
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- University Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander D Ross
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- University Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- University Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Stakenborg
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tomohisa Sujino
- Center for the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andreas Moor
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raquel Bartolome-Casado
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Espen S Bækkevold
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ran Zhou
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ken S Lau
- Epithelial Biology Center and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shahida Din
- Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Scott T Magness
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University', Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Qiuming Yao
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Semir Beyaz
- Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbour, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Arends
- Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexandre Denadai-Souza
- Laboratory of Mucosal Biology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lori A Coburn
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Irene Papatheodorou
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guy Boeckxstaens
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory/Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aviv Regev
- Genentech, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alison Simmons
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Keith T Wilson
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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Das S, Stamnaes J, Kemppainen E, Hervonen K, Lundin KEA, Parmar N, Jahnsen FL, Jahnsen J, Lindfors K, Salmi T, Iversen R, Sollid LM. Separate Gut Plasma Cell Populations Produce Auto-Antibodies against Transglutaminase 2 and Transglutaminase 3 in Dermatitis Herpetiformis. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2300401. [PMID: 37424036 PMCID: PMC10477854 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an inflammatory skin disorder often considered as an extra intestinal manifestation of celiac disease (CeD). Hallmarks of CeD and DH are auto-antibodies to transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and transglutaminase 3 (TG3), respectively. DH patients have auto-antibodies reactive with both transglutaminase enzymes. Here it is reported that in DH both gut plasma cells and serum auto-antibodies are specific for either TG2 or TG3 with no TG2-TG3 cross reactivity. By generating monoclonal antibodies from TG3-specific duodenal plasma cells of DH patients, three conformational epitope groups are defined. Both TG2-specific and TG3-specific gut plasma cells have few immunoglobulin (Ig) mutations, and the two transglutaminase-reactive populations show distinct selection of certain heavy and light chain V-genes. Mass spectrometry analysis of TG3-specific serum IgA corroborates preferential usage of IGHV2-5 in combination with IGKV4-1. Collectively, these results demonstrate parallel induction of anti-TG2 and anti-TG3 auto-antibody responses involving separate B-cell populations in DH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saykat Das
- Department of ImmunologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
| | - Jorunn Stamnaes
- Department of ImmunologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
| | - Esko Kemppainen
- Celiac Disease Research CentreFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampere33520Finland
| | - Kaisa Hervonen
- Celiac Disease Research CentreFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampere33520Finland
- Department of DermatologyTampere University HospitalTampere33520Finland
| | - Knut E. A. Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Department of GastroenterologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oslo and Institute of Clinical MedicineOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
| | - Frode L. Jahnsen
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oslo and Institute of Clinical MedicineOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Department of GastroenterologyAkershus University HospitalLørenskog1478Norway
| | - Katri Lindfors
- Celiac Disease Research CentreFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampere33520Finland
| | - Teea Salmi
- Celiac Disease Research CentreFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampere33520Finland
| | - Rasmus Iversen
- Department of ImmunologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- Department of ImmunologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
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Chauhan SK, Bartolomé Casado R, Landsverk OJB, Johannessen H, Phung D, Nilsen HR, Sætre F, Jahnsen J, Horneland R, Yaqub S, Aandahl EM, Lundin KEA, Bækkevold ES, Jahnsen FL. Human small intestine contains 2 functionally distinct regulatory T-cell subsets. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:278-289.e6. [PMID: 36893861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T (Treg) CD4 cells in mouse gut are mainly specific for intestinal antigens and play an important role in the suppression of immune responses against harmless dietary antigens and members of the microbiota. However, information about the phenotype and function of Treg cells in the human gut is limited. OBJECTIVE We performed a detailed characterization of Foxp3+ CD4 Treg cells in human normal small intestine (SI) as well as from transplanted duodenum and celiac disease lesions. METHODS Treg cells and conventional CD4 T cells derived from SI were subjected to extensive immunophenotyping and their suppressive activity and ability to produce cytokines assessed. RESULTS SI Foxp3+ CD4 T cells were CD45RA-CD127-CTLA-4+ and suppressed proliferation of autologous T cells. Approximately 60% of Treg cells expressed the transcription factor Helios. When stimulated, Helios-negative Treg cells produced IL-17, IFN-γ, and IL-10, whereas Helios-positive Treg cells produced very low levels of these cytokines. By sampling mucosal tissue from transplanted human duodenum, we demonstrated that donor Helios-negative Treg cells persisted for at least 1 year after transplantation. In normal SI, Foxp3+ Treg cells constituted only 2% of all CD4 T cells, while in active celiac disease, both Helios-negative and Helios-positive subsets expanded 5- to 10-fold. CONCLUSION The SI contains 2 subsets of Treg cells with different phenotypes and functional capacities. Both subsets are scarce in healthy gut but increase dramatically in active celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar Chauhan
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Raquel Bartolomé Casado
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole J B Landsverk
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Johannessen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Danh Phung
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hogne Røed Nilsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frank Sætre
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Rune Horneland
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section for Transplant Surgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sheraz Yaqub
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Martin Aandahl
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section for Transplant Surgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen S Bækkevold
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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7
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Atlasy N, Bujko A, Bækkevold ES, Brazda P, Janssen-Megens E, Lundin KEA, Jahnsen J, Jahnsen FL, Stunnenberg HG. Single cell transcriptomic analysis of the immune cell compartment in the human small intestine and in Celiac disease. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4920. [PMID: 35995787 PMCID: PMC9395525 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder in which ingestion of dietary gluten triggers an immune reaction in the small intestine leading to destruction of the lining epithelium. Current treatment focusses on lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet. Gluten-specific CD4+ T cells and cytotoxic intraepithelial CD8+ T cells have been proposed to be central in disease pathogenesis. Here we use unbiased single-cell RNA-sequencing and explore the heterogeneity of CD45+ immune cells in the human small intestine. We show altered myeloid cell transcriptomes present in active celiac lesions. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells transcriptomes show extensive changes and we define a natural intraepithelial lymphocyte population that is reduced in celiac disease. We show that the immune landscape in Celiac patients on a gluten-free diet is only partially restored compared to control samples. Altogether, we provide a single cell transcriptomic resource that can inform the immune landscape of the small intestine during Celiac disease. Celiac disease is linked to responsiveness to dietary gluten, which manifests itself as immune cell activation and the immunopathology including destruction of the epithelium of the small intestine. Here the authors apply single cell transcriptomics to characterise the immune cell compartment of the human small intestine during active Celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Atlasy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Bujko
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Espen S Bækkevold
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Brazda
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Princess Maxima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Janssen-Megens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,NimaGen B.V., 6500 AB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0372, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0450, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, 0372, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Princess Maxima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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8
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Domanska D, Majid U, Karlsen VT, Merok MA, Beitnes ACR, Yaqub S, Bækkevold ES, Jahnsen FL. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of human colonic macrophages reveals niche-specific subsets. J Exp Med 2022; 219:212998. [PMID: 35139155 PMCID: PMC8932544 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of cells involved in tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and cancer. Although macrophages are densely distributed throughout the human intestine, our understanding of how gut macrophages maintain tissue homeostasis is limited. Here we show that colonic lamina propria macrophages (LpMs) and muscularis macrophages (MMs) consist of monocyte-like cells that differentiate into multiple transcriptionally distinct subsets. LpMs comprise subsets with proinflammatory properties and subsets with high antigen-presenting and phagocytic capacity. The latter are strategically positioned close to the surface epithelium. Most MMs differentiate along two trajectories: one that upregulates genes associated with immune activation and angiogenesis, and one that upregulates genes associated with neuronal homeostasis. Importantly, MMs are located adjacent to neurons and vessels. Cell–cell interaction and gene network analysis indicated that survival, migration, transcriptional reprogramming, and niche-specific localization of LpMs and MMs are controlled by an extensive interaction with tissue-resident cells and a few key transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Domanska
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Umair Majid
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Victoria T Karlsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne A Merok
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Sheraz Yaqub
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen S Bækkevold
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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9
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Bartolomé-Casado R, Bækkevold ES, Jahnsen FL. Response to Lauro and Zorzetti. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1395-1396. [PMID: 34535772 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Espen S Bækkevold
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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10
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Jahnsen FL, Johansen F. Legends of allergology and immunology: Per Brandtzaeg - Pillar of mucosal immunology. Allergy 2021; 76:2634-2635. [PMID: 33752264 DOI: 10.1111/all.14824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frode L. Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
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11
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Sikkeland LIB, Qiao SW, Ueland T, Myrdal O, Wyrożemski Ł, Aukrust P, Jahnsen FL, Sjåheim T, Kongerud J, Molberg Ø, Lund MB, Bækkevold ES. Lung CD4+ T-cells in patients with lung fibrosis produce pro-fibrotic interleukin-13 together with interferon-γ. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.00983-2020. [PMID: 33154027 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00983-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liv I B Sikkeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway .,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- Dept of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen, Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen, TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole Myrdal
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Łukasz Wyrożemski
- K.G. Jebsen, Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen, TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Dept of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone Sjåheim
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johny Kongerud
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Molberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Dept of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - May Brit Lund
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen S Bækkevold
- Dept of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Bartolomé-Casado R, Landsverk OJB, Chauhan SK, Sætre F, Hagen KT, Yaqub S, Øyen O, Horneland R, Aandahl EM, Aabakken L, Bækkevold ES, Jahnsen FL. CD4 + T cells persist for years in the human small intestine and display a T H1 cytokine profile. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:402-410. [PMID: 32572129 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies in mice and humans have shown that CD8+ T cell immunosurveillance in non-lymphoid tissues is dominated by resident populations. Whether CD4+ T cells use the same strategies to survey peripheral tissues is less clear. Here, examining the turnover of CD4+ T cells in transplanted duodenum in humans, we demonstrate that the majority of CD4+ T cells were still donor-derived one year after transplantation. In contrast to memory CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood, intestinal CD4+ TRM cells expressed CD69 and CD161, but only a minor fraction expressed CD103. Functionally, intestinal CD4+ TRM cells were very potent cytokine producers; the vast majority being polyfunctional TH1 cells, whereas a minor fraction produced IL-17. Interestingly, a fraction of intestinal CD4+ T cells produced granzyme-B and perforin after activation. Together, we show that the intestinal CD4+ T-cell compartment is dominated by resident populations that survive for more than 1 year. This finding is of high relevance for the development of oral vaccines and therapies for diseases in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ole J B Landsverk
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sudhir Kumar Chauhan
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frank Sætre
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sheraz Yaqub
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Øyen
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section for Transplant Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Horneland
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section for Transplant Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Martin Aandahl
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section for Transplant Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Aabakken
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen S Bækkevold
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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13
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Divito SJ, Aasebø AT, Matos TR, Hsieh PC, Collin M, Elco CP, O'Malley JT, Bækkevold ES, Reims H, Gedde-Dahl T, Hagerstrom M, Hilaire J, Lian JW, Milford EL, Pinkus GS, Ho VT, Soiffer RJ, Kim HT, Mihm MC, Ritz J, Guleria I, Cutler CS, Clark RA, Jahnsen FL, Kupper TS. Peripheral host T cells survive hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and promote graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4624-4636. [PMID: 32516138 DOI: 10.1172/jci129965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Donor T cells are key mediators in pathogenesis, but a contribution from host T cells has not been explored, as conditioning regimens are believed to deplete host T cells. To evaluate a potential role for host T cells in GVHD, the origin of skin and blood T cells was assessed prospectively in patients after HSCT in the absence of GVHD. While blood contained primarily donor-derived T cells, most T cells in the skin were host derived. We next examined patient skin, colon, and blood during acute GVHD. Host T cells were present in all skin and colon acute GVHD specimens studied, yet were largely absent in blood. We observed acute skin GVHD in the presence of 100% host T cells. Analysis demonstrated that a subset of host T cells in peripheral tissues were proliferating (Ki67+) and producing the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17 in situ. Comparatively, the majority of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in tissue in acute GVHD were donor derived, and donor-derived APCs were observed directly adjacent to host T cells. A humanized mouse model demonstrated that host skin-resident T cells could be activated by donor monocytes to generate a GVHD-like dermatitis. Thus, host tissue-resident T cells may play a previously unappreciated pathogenic role in acute GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherrie J Divito
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anders T Aasebø
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiago R Matos
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pei-Chen Hsieh
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Collin
- Newcastle University, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher P Elco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - John T O'Malley
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Espen S Bækkevold
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik Reims
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Gedde-Dahl
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - John W Lian
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edgar L Milford
- Renal Transplant Program, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Vincent T Ho
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation and
| | - Robert J Soiffer
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation and
| | - Haesook T Kim
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin C Mihm
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation and
| | - Indira Guleria
- Renal Transplant Program, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Corey S Cutler
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation and
| | - Rachael A Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas S Kupper
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Seiron P, Wiberg A, Kuric E, Krogvold L, Jahnsen FL, Dahl-Jørgensen K, Skog O, Korsgren O. Characterisation of the endocrine pancreas in type 1 diabetes: islet size is maintained but islet number is markedly reduced. J Pathol Clin Res 2019; 5:248-255. [PMID: 31493350 PMCID: PMC6817830 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin deficiency in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is generally considered a consequence of immune‐mediated specific beta‐cell loss. Since healthy pancreatic islets consist of ~65% beta cells, this would lead to reduced islet size, while the number of islets per pancreas volume (islet density) would not be affected. In this study, we compared the islet density, size, and size distribution in biopsies from subjects with recent‐onset or long‐standing T1D, with that in matched non‐diabetic subjects. The results presented show preserved islet size and islet size distribution, but a marked reduction in islet density in subjects with recent onset T1D compared with non‐diabetic subjects. No further reduction in islet density occurred with increased disease duration. Insulin‐negative islets in T1D subjects were dominated by glucagon‐positive cells that often had lost the alpha‐cell transcription factor ARX while instead expressing PDX1, normally only expressed in beta cells within the islets. Based on our findings, we propose that failure to establish a sufficient islet number to reach the beta‐cell mass needed to cope with episodes of increased insulin demand contributes to T1D susceptibility. Exhaustion induced by relative lack of beta cells could then potentially drive beta‐cell dedifferentiation to alpha‐cells, explaining the preserved islet size observed in T1D compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Seiron
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Wiberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Enida Kuric
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Krogvold
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Dahl-Jørgensen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oskar Skog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Bartolomé-Casado R, Landsverk OJB, Chauhan SK, Richter L, Phung D, Greiff V, Risnes LF, Yao Y, Neumann RS, Yaqub S, Øyen O, Horneland R, Aandahl EM, Paulsen V, Sollid LM, Qiao SW, Baekkevold ES, Jahnsen FL. Resident memory CD8 T cells persist for years in human small intestine. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2412-2426. [PMID: 31337737 PMCID: PMC6781004 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartolomé-Casado et al. demonstrate that human gut contains large numbers of resident memory CD8 T cells that survive for years. Intestinal CD8 Trm cells have a clonally expanded immune repertoire that is stable over time and exhibit enhanced protective capabilities. Resident memory CD8 T (Trm) cells have been shown to provide effective protective responses in the small intestine (SI) in mice. A better understanding of the generation and persistence of SI CD8 Trm cells in humans may have implications for intestinal immune-mediated diseases and vaccine development. Analyzing normal and transplanted human SI, we demonstrated that the majority of SI CD8 T cells were bona fide CD8 Trm cells that survived for >1 yr in the graft. Intraepithelial and lamina propria CD8 Trm cells showed a high clonal overlap and a repertoire dominated by expanded clones, conserved both spatially in the intestine and over time. Functionally, lamina propria CD8 Trm cells were potent cytokine producers, exhibiting a polyfunctional (IFN-γ+ IL-2+ TNF-α+) profile, and efficiently expressed cytotoxic mediators after stimulation. These results suggest that SI CD8 Trm cells could be relevant targets for future oral vaccines and therapeutic strategies for gut disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ole J B Landsverk
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sudhir Kumar Chauhan
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Richter
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Danh Phung
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Louise F Risnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ralf S Neumann
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sheraz Yaqub
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Øyen
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section for Transplant Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Horneland
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section for Transplant Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Martin Aandahl
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section for Transplant Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vemund Paulsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen S Baekkevold
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Høydahl LS, Richter L, Frick R, Snir O, Gunnarsen KS, Landsverk OJB, Iversen R, Jeliazkov JR, Gray JJ, Bergseng E, Foss S, Qiao SW, Lundin KEA, Jahnsen J, Jahnsen FL, Sandlie I, Sollid LM, Løset GÅ. Plasma Cells Are the Most Abundant Gluten Peptide MHC-expressing Cells in Inflamed Intestinal Tissues From Patients With Celiac Disease. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1428-1439.e10. [PMID: 30593798 PMCID: PMC6441630 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Development of celiac disease is believed to involve the transglutaminase-dependent response of CD4+ T cells toward deamidated gluten peptides in the intestinal mucosa of individuals with specific HLA-DQ haplotypes. We investigated the antigen presentation process during this mucosal immune response. METHODS We generated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the peptide-MHC (pMHC) complex of HLA-DQ2.5 and the immunodominant gluten epitope DQ2.5-glia-α1a using phage display. We used these mAbs to assess gluten peptide presentation and phenotypes of presenting cells by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISPOT) in freshly prepared single-cell suspensions from intestinal biopsies from 40 patients with celiac disease (35 untreated and 5 on a gluten-free diet) as well as 18 subjects with confirmed noninflamed gut mucosa (controls, 12 presumed healthy, 5 undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy, and 1 with potential celiac disease). RESULTS Using the mAbs, we detected MHC complexes on cells from intestinal biopsies from patients with celiac disease who consume gluten, but not from patients on gluten-free diets. We found B cells and plasma cells to be the most abundant cells that present DQ2.5-glia-α1a in the inflamed mucosa. We identified a subset of plasma cells that expresses B-cell receptors (BCR) specific for gluten peptides or the autoantigen transglutaminase 2 (TG2). Expression of MHC class II (MHCII) was not restricted to these specific plasma cells in patients with celiac disease but was observed in an average 30% of gut plasma cells from patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS A population of plasma cells from intestinal biopsies of patients with celiac disease express MHCII; this is the most abundant cell type presenting the immunodominant gluten peptide DQ2.5-glia-α1a in the tissues from these patients. These results indicate that plasma cells in the gut can function as antigen-presenting cells and might promote and maintain intestinal inflammation in patients with celiac disease or other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Støkken Høydahl
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lisa Richter
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Present address: Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rahel Frick
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Omri Snir
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Støen Gunnarsen
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole JB Landsverk
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasmus Iversen
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeliazko R Jeliazkov
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Gray
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elin Bergseng
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stian Foss
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut EA Lundin
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Dept of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Åge Løset
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Nextera AS, Oslo, Norway.
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17
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Eguíluz‐Gracia I, Malmstrom K, Dheyauldeen SA, Lohi J, Sajantila A, Aaløkken R, Sundaram AYM, Gilfillan GD, Makela M, Baekkevold ES, Jahnsen FL. Cover Image. Clin Exp Allergy 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Eguíluz-Gracia I, Malmstrom K, Dheyauldeen SA, Lohi J, Sajantila A, Aaløkken R, Sundaram AYM, Gilfillan GD, Makela M, Baekkevold ES, Jahnsen FL. Monocytes accumulate in the airways of children with fatal asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1631-1639. [PMID: 30184280 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated T helper type 2 (Th2) cells are believed to play a pivotal role in allergic airway inflammation, but which cells attract and activate Th2 cells locally have not been fully determined. Recently, it was shown in an experimental human model of allergic rhinitis (AR) that activated monocytes rapidly accumulate in the nasal mucosa after local allergen challenge, where they promote recruitment of Th2 cells and eosinophils. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether monocytes are recruited to the lungs in paediatric asthma. METHODS Tissue samples obtained from children and adolescents with fatal asthma attack (n = 12), age-matched non-atopic controls (n = 9) and allergen-challenged AR patients (n = 8) were subjected to in situ immunostaining. RESULTS Monocytes, identified as CD68+S100A8/A9+ cells, were significantly increased in the lower airway mucosa and in the alveoli of fatal asthma patients compared with control individuals. Interestingly, cellular aggregates containing CD68+S100A8/A9+ monocytes obstructing the lumen of bronchioles were found in asthmatics (8 out of 12) but not in controls. Analysing tissue specimens from challenged AR patients, we confirmed that co-staining with CD68 and S100A8/A9 was a valid method to identify recently recruited monocytes. We also showed that the vast majority of accumulating monocytes both in the lungs and in the nasal mucosa expressed matrix metalloproteinase 10, suggesting that this protein may be involved in their migration within the tissue. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Monocytes accumulated in the lungs of children and adolescents with fatal asthma attack. This finding strongly suggests that monocytes are directly involved in the immunopathology of asthma and that these pro-inflammatory cells are potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibon Eguíluz-Gracia
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristiina Malmstrom
- Department of Allergy, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sinan Ahmed Dheyauldeen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jouko Lohi
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Sajantila
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ragnhild Aaløkken
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arvind Y M Sundaram
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gregor D Gilfillan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mika Makela
- Department of Allergy, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Espen S Baekkevold
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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van Bergenhenegouwen J, Braber S, Loonstra R, Buurman N, Rutten L, Knipping K, Savelkoul PJ, Harthoorn LF, Jahnsen FL, Garssen J, Hartog A. Oral exposure to the free amino acid glycine inhibits the acute allergic response in a model of cow's milk allergy in mice. Nutr Res 2018; 58:95-105. [PMID: 30340819 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The conditionally essential amino acid glycine functions as inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. Moreover, it has been shown to act as an anti-inflammatory compound in animal models of ischemic perfusion, post-operative inflammation, periodontal disease, arthritis and obesity. Glycine acts by binding to a glycine-gated chloride channel, which has been demonstrated on neurons and immune cells, including macrophages, polymorphonuclear neutrophils and lymphocytes. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of glycine on allergy development in a cow's milk allergy model. To this end, C3H/HeOuJ female mice were supplemented with glycine by oral gavage (50 or 100 mg/mouse) 4 hours prior to sensitization with cow's milk whey protein, using cholera toxin as adjuvant. Acute allergic skin responses and anaphylaxis were assessed after intradermal allergen challenge in the ears. Mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1) and whey specific IgE levels were detected in blood collected 30 minutes after an oral allergen challenge. Jejunum was dissected and evaluated for the presence of mMCP-1-positive cells by immunohistochemistry. Intake of glycine significantly inhibited allergy development in a concentration dependent manner as indicated by a reduction in; acute allergic skin response, anaphylaxis, serum mMCP-1 and serum levels of whey specific IgE. In addition, in-vitro experiments using rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL), showed that free glycine inhibited cytokine release but not cellular degranulation. These findings support the hypothesis that the onset of cow's milk allergy is prevented by the oral intake of the amino acid glycine. An adequate intake of glycine might be important in the improvement of tolerance against whey allergy or protection against (whey-induced) allergy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen van Bergenhenegouwen
- Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584, CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Reinilde Loonstra
- Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584, CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Buurman
- Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584, CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke Rutten
- Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584, CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Knipping
- Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584, CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Savelkoul
- Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584, CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Garssen
- Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584, CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Hartog
- Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584, CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Jahnsen FL, Bækkevold ES, Hov JR, Landsverk OJ. Do Long-Lived Plasma Cells Maintain a Healthy Microbiota in the Gut? Trends Immunol 2018; 39:196-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Bujko A, Atlasy N, Landsverk OJB, Richter L, Yaqub S, Horneland R, Øyen O, Aandahl EM, Aabakken L, Stunnenberg HG, Bækkevold ES, Jahnsen FL. Transcriptional and functional profiling defines human small intestinal macrophage subsets. J Exp Med 2018; 215:441-458. [PMID: 29273642 PMCID: PMC5789404 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mfs) are instrumental in maintaining immune homeostasis in the intestine, yet studies on the origin and heterogeneity of human intestinal Mfs are scarce. Here, we identified four distinct Mf subpopulations in human small intestine (SI). Assessment of their turnover in duodenal transplants revealed that all Mf subsets were completely replaced over time; Mf1 and Mf2, phenotypically similar to peripheral blood monocytes (PBMos), were largely replaced within 3 wk, whereas two subsets with features of mature Mfs, Mf3 and Mf4, exhibited significantly slower replacement. Mf3 and Mf4 localized differently in SI; Mf3 formed a dense network in mucosal lamina propria, whereas Mf4 was enriched in submucosa. Transcriptional analysis showed that all Mf subsets were markedly distinct from PBMos and dendritic cells. Compared with PBMos, Mf subpopulations showed reduced responsiveness to proinflammatory stimuli but were proficient at endocytosis of particulate and soluble material. These data provide a comprehensive analysis of human SI Mf population and suggest a precursor-progeny relationship with PBMos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bujko
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nader Atlasy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ole J B Landsverk
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Richter
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sheraz Yaqub
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Horneland
- Department for Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Øyen
- Department for Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Martin Aandahl
- Department for Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Aabakken
- Department for Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Espen S Bækkevold
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Malmström K, Lohi J, Sajantila A, Jahnsen FL, Kajosaari M, Sarna S, Mäkelä MJ. Immunohistology and remodeling in fatal pediatric and adolescent asthma. Respir Res 2017; 18:94. [PMID: 28511697 PMCID: PMC5434550 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thickening of reticular basement membrane, increased airway smooth muscle mass and eosinophilic inflammation are found in adult fatal asthma. At the present study the histopathology of fatal paediatric and adolescent asthma is evaluated. Methods Post-mortem lung autopsies from 12 fatal asthma cases and 8 non-asthmatic control subjects were examined. Thickness of reticular basement membrane (RBM) and percentage of airway smooth muscle (ASM%) mass area were measured and inflammatory cells were counted. Patient records were reviewed for clinical history. Results The age range of the cases was from 0.9 to 19.5 years, eight were males and five had received inhaled corticosteroids. Thickened RBM was detected in majority of the cases without any correlation to treatment delay, age at onset of symptoms or diagnosis. In the large airways ASM was clearly increased in one third of the cases whereas the median ASM% did not differ from that in healthy controls (14.0% vs. 14.0%). In small airways no increase of ASM was found, instead mucous plugs were seen in fatal asthma. The number of eosinophils, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, macrophages, and B-cells were significantly increased in fatal asthma cases compared with controls and the two latter correlated with the length of the fatal exacerbation. Conclusions The findings highlight the strong presence of eosinophils and mucous plugs even in small airways in children and adolescents with fatal asthma. Thickened RBM was obvious in majority of the patients. Contrary to our hypothesis, increased ASM% was detected in only one third of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Malmström
- Dept. of Allergy, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 160, FI-00029, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jouko Lohi
- Dept. of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Sajantila
- Dept. of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Dept. of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation, University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merja Kajosaari
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Sarna
- Dept. of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika J Mäkelä
- Dept. of Allergy, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 160, FI-00029, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Landsverk OJB, Snir O, Casado RB, Richter L, Mold JE, Réu P, Horneland R, Paulsen V, Yaqub S, Aandahl EM, Øyen OM, Thorarensen HS, Salehpour M, Possnert G, Frisén J, Sollid LM, Baekkevold ES, Jahnsen FL. Antibody-secreting plasma cells persist for decades in human intestine. J Exp Med 2017; 214:309-317. [PMID: 28104812 PMCID: PMC5294861 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells (PCs) produce antibodies that mediate immunity after infection or vaccination. In contrast to PCs in the bone marrow, PCs in the gut have been considered short lived. In this study, we studied PC dynamics in the human small intestine by cell-turnover analysis in organ transplants and by retrospective cell birth dating measuring carbon-14 in genomic DNA. We identified three distinct PC subsets: a CD19+ PC subset was dynamically exchanged, whereas of two CD19- PC subsets, CD45+ PCs exhibited little and CD45- PCs no replacement and had a median age of 11 and 22 yr, respectively. Accumulation of CD45- PCs during ageing and the presence of rotavirus-specific clones entirely within the CD19- PC subsets support selection and maintenance of protective PCs for life in human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole J B Landsverk
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and The University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Omri Snir
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and The University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Raquel Bartolomé Casado
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and The University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Richter
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and The University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeff E Mold
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pedro Réu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-213 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rune Horneland
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vemund Paulsen
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sheraz Yaqub
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Martin Aandahl
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic European Molecular Biology Laboratory Partnership, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and The University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole M Øyen
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Mehran Salehpour
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ion Physics, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Possnert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ion Physics, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Frisén
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation and KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and The University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen S Baekkevold
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and The University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and The University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
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24
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Jahnsen FL, Johansen FE, Haraldsen G. Obituary - In Memoriam Per Brandtzaeg. Scand J Immunol 2016; 84:370-372. [PMID: 28025869 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F L Jahnsen
- Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,LIIPAT, Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - F-E Johansen
- Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,LIIPAT, Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Haraldsen
- LIIPAT, Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G.Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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25
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Eguíluz-Gracia I, Schultz HHL, Sikkeland LIB, Danilova E, Holm AM, Pronk CJH, Agace WW, Iversen M, Andersen C, Jahnsen FL, Baekkevold ES. Long-term persistence of human donor alveolar macrophages in lung transplant recipients. Thorax 2016; 71:1006-1011. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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Schrøder M, Melum GR, Landsverk OJB, Bujko A, Yaqub S, Gran E, Aamodt H, Bækkevold ES, Jahnsen FL, Richter L. CD1c-Expression by Monocytes - Implications for the Use of Commercial CD1c+ Dendritic Cell Isolation Kits. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157387. [PMID: 27311059 PMCID: PMC4911075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) comprise a heterogeneous population of cells that are important regulators of immunity and homeostasis. CD1c+ cDCs are present in human blood and tissues, and found to efficiently activate naïve CD4+ T cells. While CD1c is thought to specifically identify this subset of human cDCs, we show here that also classical and intermediate monocytes express CD1c. Accordingly, the commercial CD1c (BDCA-1)+ Dendritic Cell Isolation Kit isolates two distinct cell populations from blood: CD1c+CD14− cDCs and CD1c+CD14+ monocytes. CD1c+ cDCs and CD1c+ monocytes exhibited strikingly different properties, including their differential regulation of surface marker expression, their levels of cytokine production, and their ability to stimulate naïve CD4+ T cells. These results demonstrate that a commercial CD1c (BDCA-1)+ Dendritic Cell Isolation Kit isolates two functionally different cell populations, which has important implications for the interpretation of previously generated data using this kit to characterize CD1c+ cDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Schrøder
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ole J. B. Landsverk
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Bujko
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sheraz Yaqub
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Gran
- Department of Otolaryngology, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik Aamodt
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Tumor Immunology Group, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen S. Bækkevold
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L. Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Richter
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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27
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Skrindo I, Ballke C, Gran E, Johansen FE, Baekkevold ES, Jahnsen FL. IL-5 production by resident mucosal allergen-specific T cells in an explant model of allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1296-304. [PMID: 25817862 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal allergic rhinitis is a chronic inflammation in the nasal mucosa triggered by inhaled aeroallergens. The inflammatory reaction is controlled by allergen-specific T cells, but where and how these T cells become activated is not fully understood. OBJECTIVES We wanted to determine whether allergen-specific T-helper (Th) 2 cells are residing in the nasal mucosa under steady-state conditions outside of the pollen season and, if so, whether these cells are activated locally in response to allergen challenge. METHODS Mucosal biopsies from the lower turbinate were obtained out of season from patients with either birch- or grass-pollen-allergic rhinitis and from healthy controls. Cultured explant samples were challenged with relevant pollen extract or with a mix of overlapping 20-mer peptides derived from the sequence of the major birch allergen, Betula verrucosa (Bet v) 1. After 24 h, culture medium was harvested for multiplex cytokine and tryptase analysis. RESULTS Significant amounts of interleukin (IL)-5 were secreted from resident cells in response to ex vivo allergen challenge in the allergic group only. No increase was observed for the other cytokines measured. Production of IL-5 in response to both extract and the Bet v1-derived peptide mix strongly suggested that T cells were a major source of IL-5. CONCLUSION Our explant model indicated that local presentation of antigen to resident allergen-specific Th2 cells is the early event in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. These findings identify possible cellular targets for anti-inflammatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Skrindo
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - C Ballke
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Gran
- Department of Otolaryngology, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - F-E Johansen
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - E S Baekkevold
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - F L Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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28
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Ballke C, Gran E, Baekkevold ES, Jahnsen FL. Characterization of Regulatory T-Cell Markers in CD4+ T Cells of the Upper Airway Mucosa. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148826. [PMID: 26866695 PMCID: PMC4751285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) comprise a heterogeneous population of cells the regulate immune responses and prevent autoimmunity. Most reports on human Tregs are derived from studies of peripheral blood, although Tregs mainly exert their functions in the periphery. Here we performed a detailed analysis of Tregs in the human upper airway mucosa under non-inflammatory conditions, and found that 10% of all CD4+ T cells expressed the transcription factor FOXP3 and the memory marker CD45RO, as well as high levels of CTLA-4. The majority of FOXP3+CD4+ T cells co-expressed the transcription factor Helios and produced very little cytokines, compatible with being thymus-derived Tregs. FOXP3+Helios-CD4+ T cells were more heterogeneous. A mean of 24% produced the immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10, whereas a large fraction also produced IL-2, IFN-μ or IL-17. A significant population (6%) of FOXP3-negative T cells also produced IL-10, usually in combination with IFN-μ. Together, we found that CD4+ T cells in the upper airways differed functionally from their counterparts in peripheral blood, including higher expression of IL-10. Moreover, our findings suggest that several subsets of CD4+ T cells with functionally distinct regulatory properties reside in the upper airway mucosa which should be taken into account when targeting Tregs for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ballke
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Gran
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen S. Baekkevold
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail: (ESB); (FLJ)
| | - Frode L. Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail: (ESB); (FLJ)
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Malmström K, Malmberg LP, O'Reilly R, Lindahl H, Kajosaari M, Saarinen KM, Saglani S, Jahnsen FL, Bush A, Haahtela T, Sarna S, Pelkonen AS, Mäkelä MJ. Lung function, airway remodeling, and inflammation in infants: outcome at 8 years. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 114:90-6. [PMID: 25455519 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between early deficits of lung function, infant airway disease, and outcome at school age in symptomatic infants are still unclear. OBJECTIVE To report follow-up data on a unique cohort of children investigated invasively in infancy to determine predictive value of airway disease for school-aged respiratory outcomes. METHODS Fifty-three infants previously studied using bronchoscopy and airway conductance were approached at 8 years of age. Symptoms, lung volumes, and airway responsiveness were reassessed. Data on lifetime purchase of asthma medication were obtained. Lung function was compared with that of 63 healthy nonasthmatic children. RESULTS Forty-seven children were reevaluated. Physician-diagnosed asthma was present in 39 children (83%). Twenty-five children (53%) had current and 14 children (30%) had past asthma. No pathologic feature in infancy correlated with any outcome parameter. As expected, study children had significantly reduced lung function and increased airway responsiveness compared with healthy controls, and very early symptoms were risk factors for reduced lung function. Current asthma was associated with reduced infant lung function and parental asthma. Reduced lung function in infancy was associated with purchase of inhaled corticosteroids when 6 to 8 and 0 to 8 years of age. CONCLUSION The lack of predictive value of any pathologic measure in infancy, reported here for the first time to our knowledge, demonstrates that pathologic processes determining the inception of asthma, which are as yet undescribed, are different from the eosinophilic inflammation associated with ongoing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Malmström
- Department of Allergy, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - L Pekka Malmberg
- Department of Allergy, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ruth O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Lindahl
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja Kajosaari
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina M Saarinen
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sejal Saglani
- Department of Pediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Bush
- Department of Pediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Department of Allergy, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Sarna
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna S Pelkonen
- Department of Allergy, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika J Mäkelä
- Department of Allergy, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Melum GR, Farkas L, Scheel C, Van Dieren B, Gran E, Liu YJ, Johansen FE, Jahnsen FL, Baekkevold ES. A thymic stromal lymphopoietin-responsive dendritic cell subset mediates allergic responses in the upper airway mucosa. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:613-621.e7. [PMID: 24958565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) controls allergic TH2 inflammatory responses through induction of distinct activation programs in dendritic cells (DCs). However, knowledge about TSLP receptor expression and functional consequences of receptor activation by DCs residing in the human respiratory tract is limited. OBJECTIVE We wanted to identify TSLP-responding DC populations in the human upper airway mucosa and assess the TSLP-mediated effects on such DCs in allergic airway responses. RESULTS We found that the TSLP receptor was constitutively and preferentially expressed by myeloid CD1c(+) DCs in the human airway mucosa and that the density of this DC subset in nasal mucosa increased significantly after in vivo allergen challenge of patients with allergic rhinitis. In vitro, TSLP strongly enhanced the capacity of CD1c(+) DCs to activate allergen-specific memory CD4(+) T cells. Moreover, TSLP rapidly induced CCR7 expression on CD1c(+) DCs. However, TH2 cytokines attenuated TSLP-mediated CCR7 induction, thus inhibiting the TSLP-induced DC migration potential to the draining lymph nodes. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that TSLP-mediated activation of human nasal mucosal CD1c(+) DCs triggers CCR7-dependent migration to the draining lymph nodes and enhances their capacity to initiate TH2 responses. However, the observation that TH2 cytokines abrogate the induction of CCR7 implies that during a TH2-mediated inflammatory reaction, TLSP-activated CD1c(+) DCs are retained in the inflamed tissue to further exacerbate local inflammation by activating local antigen-specific memory TH2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guro R Melum
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lorant Farkas
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie Scheel
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brenda Van Dieren
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Gran
- Department of Otolaryngology, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yong-Jun Liu
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Tex
| | - Finn-Eirik Johansen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen S Baekkevold
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Eguiluz-Gracia I, Melum GR, Baekkevold ES, Jahnsen FL. Experimentally-induced early recruitment of CD14+ monocytes in human allergic rhinitis. Clin Transl Allergy 2014. [PMCID: PMC4072308 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-4-s2-o7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Ráki M, Beitnes ACR, Lundin KEA, Jahnsen J, Jahnsen FL, Sollid LM. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are scarcely represented in the human gut mucosa and are not recruited to the celiac lesion. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:985-92. [PMID: 23340820 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic small intestinal inflammation precipitated by gluten ingestion. According to case reports, interferon (IFN)-α administration may induce development of overt CD. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) were thought to be the source of IFN-α and promote a T helper type 1 response leading to lesion formation. Surprisingly and contradicting to earlier findings, PDCs were described as the main antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in human duodenal mucosa and particularly in CD. Here we show that when assessed by flow cytometry and in situ staining, PDCs represent < 1% of APCs in both normal duodenal mucosa and the celiac lesion. Low levels of IFN-α were detected in the celiac lesion assessed by western blot, reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR, and immunohistochemistry. In four cell populations sorted from the celiac lesion (based on their expression of HLA-DR and CD45), we found that equally low levels of mRNA for IFN-α were distributed among these cell populations. Together, these results suggest that relatively small amount of IFN-α, produced by a variety of cell types, is present in the celiac mucosa. IFN-λ, a type III IFN important in intestinal antiviral defense, was produced mainly by APCs, but its expression was not increased in the celiac lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ráki
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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Brottveit M, Beitnes ACR, Tollefsen S, Bratlie JE, Jahnsen FL, Johansen FE, Sollid LM, Lundin KEA. Mucosal cytokine response after short-term gluten challenge in celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Am J Gastroenterol 2013; 108:842-50. [PMID: 23588237 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2013.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In celiac disease (CD), gluten induces both adaptive and innate immune responses. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is another form of gluten intolerance where the immune response is less characterized. The aim of our study was to explore and compare the early mucosal immunological events in CD and NCGS. METHODS We challenged 30 HLA-DQ2(+) NCGS and 15 CD patients, all on a gluten-free diet, with four slices of gluten-containing bread daily for 3 days. Duodenal biopsy specimens were collected before and after challenge. The specimens were examined for cytokine mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR and for MxA-expression and CD3(+) intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) by immunohistochemistry and compared with specimens from untreated CD patients and disease controls. RESULTS In CD patients, tumor necrosis factor alpha (P=0.02) and interleukin 8 (P=0.002) mRNA increased after in vivo gluten challenge. The interferon gamma (IFN-γ) level of treated CD patients was high both before and after challenge and did not increase significantly (P=0.06). Four IFN-γ-related genes increased significantly. Treated and untreated CD patients had comparable levels of IFN-γ. Increased expression of MxA in treated CD patients after challenge suggested that IFN-α was activated on gluten challenge. In NCGS patients only IFN-γ increased significantly (P=0.03). mRNA for heat shock protein (Hsp) 27 or Hsp70 did not change in any of the groups. Importantly, we found that the density of IELs was higher in NCGS patients compared with disease controls, independent of challenge, although lower than the level for treated CD patients. CONCLUSIONS CD patients mounted a concomitant innate and adaptive immune response to gluten challenge. NCGS patients had increased density of intraepithelial CD3(+) T cells before challenge compared with disease controls and increased IFN-γ mRNA after challenge. Our results warrant further search for the pathogenic mechanisms for NCGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Brottveit
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
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Lin C, Hindes A, Burns CJ, Koppel AC, Kiss A, Yin Y, Ma L, Blumenberg M, Khnykin D, Jahnsen FL, Crosby SD, Ramanan N, Efimova T. Serum response factor controls transcriptional network regulating epidermal function and hair follicle morphogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 133:608-617. [PMID: 23151848 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of growth-related immediate-early, cytoskeletal, and muscle-specific genes to control growth, differentiation, and cytoskeletal integrity in different cell types. To investigate the role for SRF in epidermal development and homeostasis, we conditionally knocked out SRF in epidermal keratinocytes. We report that SRF deletion disrupted epidermal barrier function leading to early postnatal lethality. Mice lacking SRF in epidermis displayed morphogenetic defects, including an eye-open-at-birth phenotype and lack of whiskers. SRF-null skin exhibited abnormal morphology, hyperplasia, aberrant expression of differentiation markers and transcriptional regulators, anomalous actin organization, enhanced inflammation, and retarded hair follicle (HF) development. Transcriptional profiling experiments uncovered profound molecular changes in SRF-null E17.5 epidermis and revealed that many previously identified SRF target CArG box-containing genes were markedly upregulated in SRF-null epidermis, indicating that SRF may function to repress transcription of a subset of its target genes in epidermis. Remarkably, when transplanted onto nude mice, engrafted SRF-null skin lacked hair but displayed normal epidermal architecture with proper expression of differentiation markers, suggesting that although keratinocyte SRF is essential for HF development, a cross-talk between SRF-null keratinocytes and the surrounding microenvironment is likely responsible for the barrier-deficient mutant epidermal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congxing Lin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Anna Hindes
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carole J Burns
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aaron C Koppel
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexi Kiss
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yan Yin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Liang Ma
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Miroslav Blumenberg
- R. O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Denis Khnykin
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation, University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation, University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Seth D Crosby
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Narendrakumar Ramanan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tatiana Efimova
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Papadopoulos NG, Agache I, Bavbek S, Bilo BM, Braido F, Cardona V, Custovic A, Demonchy J, Demoly P, Eigenmann P, Gayraud J, Grattan C, Heffler E, Hellings PW, Jutel M, Knol E, Lötvall J, Muraro A, Poulsen LK, Roberts G, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Skevaki C, Triggiani M, Vanree R, Werfel T, Flood B, Palkonen S, Savli R, Allegri P, Annesi-Maesano I, Annunziato F, Antolin-Amerigo D, Apfelbacher C, Blanca M, Bogacka E, Bonadonna P, Bonini M, Boyman O, Brockow K, Burney P, Buters J, Butiene I, Calderon M, Cardell LO, Caubet JC, Celenk S, Cichocka-Jarosz E, Cingi C, Couto M, Dejong N, Del Giacco S, Douladiris N, Fassio F, Fauquert JL, Fernandez J, Rivas MF, Ferrer M, Flohr C, Gardner J, Genuneit J, Gevaert P, Groblewska A, Hamelmann E, Hoffmann HJ, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Hovhannisyan L, Hox V, Jahnsen FL, Kalayci O, Kalpaklioglu AF, Kleine-Tebbe J, Konstantinou G, Kurowski M, Lau S, Lauener R, Lauerma A, Logan K, Magnan A, Makowska J, Makrinioti H, Mangina P, Manole F, Mari A, Mazon A, Mills C, Mingomataj E, Niggemann B, Nilsson G, Ollert M, O'Mahony L, O'Neil S, Pala G, Papi A, Passalacqua G, Perkin M, Pfaar O, Pitsios C, Quirce S, Raap U, Raulf-Heimsoth M, Rhyner C, Robson-Ansley P, Alves RR, Roje Z, Rondon C, Rudzeviciene O, Ruëff F, Rukhadze M, Rumi G, Sackesen C, Santos AF, Santucci A, Scharf C, Schmidt-Weber C, Schnyder B, Schwarze J, Senna G, Sergejeva S, Seys S, Siracusa A, Skypala I, Sokolowska M, Spertini F, Spiewak R, Sprikkelman A, Sturm G, Swoboda I, Terreehorst I, Toskala E, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Venter C, Vlieg-Boerstra B, Whitacker P, Worm M, Xepapadaki P, Akdis CA. Research needs in allergy: an EAACI position paper, in collaboration with EFA. Clin Transl Allergy 2012; 2:21. [PMID: 23121771 PMCID: PMC3539924 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-2-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In less than half a century, allergy, originally perceived as a rare disease, has become a major public health threat, today affecting the lives of more than 60 million people in Europe, and probably close to one billion worldwide, thereby heavily impacting the budgets of public health systems. More disturbingly, its prevalence and impact are on the rise, a development that has been associated with environmental and lifestyle changes accompanying the continuous process of urbanization and globalization. Therefore, there is an urgent need to prioritize and concert research efforts in the field of allergy, in order to achieve sustainable results on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this most prevalent chronic disease of the 21st century.The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) is the leading professional organization in the field of allergy, promoting excellence in clinical care, education, training and basic and translational research, all with the ultimate goal of improving the health of allergic patients. The European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients' Associations (EFA) is a non-profit network of allergy, asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) patients' organizations. In support of their missions, the present EAACI Position Paper, in collaboration with EFA, highlights the most important research needs in the field of allergy to serve as key recommendations for future research funding at the national and European levels.Although allergies may involve almost every organ of the body and an array of diverse external factors act as triggers, there are several common themes that need to be prioritized in research efforts. As in many other chronic diseases, effective prevention, curative treatment and accurate, rapid diagnosis represent major unmet needs. Detailed phenotyping/endotyping stands out as widely required in order to arrange or re-categorize clinical syndromes into more coherent, uniform and treatment-responsive groups. Research efforts to unveil the basic pathophysiologic pathways and mechanisms, thus leading to the comprehension and resolution of the pathophysiologic complexity of allergies will allow for the design of novel patient-oriented diagnostic and treatment protocols. Several allergic diseases require well-controlled epidemiological description and surveillance, using disease registries, pharmacoeconomic evaluation, as well as large biobanks. Additionally, there is a need for extensive studies to bring promising new biotechnological innovations, such as biological agents, vaccines of modified allergen molecules and engineered components for allergy diagnosis, closer to clinical practice. Finally, particular attention should be paid to the difficult-to-manage, precarious and costly severe disease forms and/or exacerbations. Nonetheless, currently arising treatments, mainly in the fields of immunotherapy and biologicals, hold great promise for targeted and causal management of allergic conditions. Active involvement of all stakeholders, including Patient Organizations and policy makers are necessary to achieve the aims emphasized herein.
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Reikvam DH, Derrien M, Islam R, Erofeev A, Grcic V, Sandvik A, Gaustad P, Meza-Zepeda LA, Jahnsen FL, Smidt H, Johansen FE. Epithelial-microbial crosstalk in polymeric Ig receptor deficient mice. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:2959-70. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dag Henrik Reikvam
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation; University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
| | - Muriel Derrien
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Wageningen University; Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Rejoanoul Islam
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation; University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Wageningen University; Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Erofeev
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation; University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
| | - Vedrana Grcic
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation; University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
| | - Anders Sandvik
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation; University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
| | - Peter Gaustad
- Institute of Microbiology; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Leonardo A. Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Tumor Biology; Oslo University Hospital - The Norwegian Radium Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Norwegian Microarray Consortium,; Department of Molecular Biosciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Frode L. Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation; University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Wageningen University; Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Finn-Eirik Johansen
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation; University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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Blaas HGK, Salvesen KÅ, Khnykin D, Jahnsen FL, Eik-Nes SH. Prenatal sonographic assessment and perinatal course of ichthyosis prematurity syndrome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012; 39:473-477. [PMID: 21465607 DOI: 10.1002/uog.9014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
All cases of ichthyosis prematurity syndrome (IPS), registered at the National Center for Fetal Medicine in Trondheim, Norway between 1987 and 2010 were identified and the findings analyzed. Five fetuses with IPS were identified between 1988 and 2000. All five developed polyhydramnios between 28 and 31 weeks. The fetal stomach appeared to be empty in four cases, and was not described in one case. The fetal skin was described as 'uneven' at ultrasound examination in two cases. Separation of chorionic and amniotic membranes with a peculiar appearance of echo-free fluid in the chorionic cavity and echogenic sediment in the amniotic cavity were observed between 28 + 5 and 32 + 3 weeks in all cases. All fetuses were delivered prematurely between 30 and 34 weeks. All neonates had difficulties in breathing, two developed aspiration pneumonia, and one had bilateral pneumothorax after intubation and died at 6 months because of pulmonary and cardiac sequelae. Prenatal sonographic signs of IPS are separation of the membranes, echogenic amniotic fluid and echo-free chorionic fluid occurring between 28 and 32 weeks' gestation. Delivery occurs at 30-34 weeks and, as there is a high risk of asphyxia, an experienced neonatal intensive care unit team should be present at delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G K Blaas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center for Fetal Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Children's and Women's Health, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
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Heier I, Søyland E, Krogstad AL, Rodríguez-Gallego C, Nenseter MS, Jahnsen FL. Sun exposure rapidly reduces plasmacytoid dendritic cells and inflammatory dermal dendritic cells in psoriatic skin. Br J Dermatol 2012; 165:792-801. [PMID: 21623747 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon (IFN)-α-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), inflammatory CD11c+CD1c- myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and macrophages have been found to contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Heliotherapy is a well-established treatment modality of this disease, although the details of how the effects are mediated are unknown. OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that exposure to natural sun affects pathogenic DC subsets in lesional skin. METHODS Skin biopsies were obtained from lesional and nonlesional skin in 10 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis subjected to controlled sun exposure on Gran Canaria. Biopsies were obtained at baseline, day 2 and day 16 and examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Sixteen days of heliotherapy had excellent clinical effect on patients with psoriasis, with significant reductions in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores. In lesional skin pDC numbers and expression of MxA, a surrogate marker for IFN-α, were rapidly reduced. Inflammatory CD11c+CD1c- mDCs were significantly reduced whereas resident dermal CD11c+CD1c+ mDCs were unaffected. Expression levels of the maturation marker DC-LAMP (CD208) on mDCs were significantly reduced after sun exposure, as were the numbers of lesional dermal macrophages. A decrease of dermal DC subsets and macrophages was already observed after 1 day of sun exposure. An additional finding was that DC-SIGN (CD209) is primarily expressed on CD163+ macrophages and not DCs. CONCLUSIONS The clinical improvement in psoriasis following sun exposure is associated with rapid changes in dermal DC populations and macrophages in lesional skin, preceding the clinical effect. These findings support the concept that these DC subsets are involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and suggest that sun-induced clinical benefit may partly be explained by its effect on dermal DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Heier
- LIIPAT, Institute of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway.
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Beitnes ACR, Ráki M, Lundin KEA, Jahnsen J, Sollid LM, Jahnsen FL. Density of CD163+ CD11c+ dendritic cells increases and CD103+ dendritic cells decreases in the coeliac lesion. Scand J Immunol 2011; 74:186-94. [PMID: 21392045 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Coeliac disease is a chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa controlled by gluten-specific T cells restricted by disease-associated HLA-DQ molecules. We have previously reported that mucosal CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DCs) are responsible for activation of gluten-reactive T cells within the coeliac lesion. In mice, intestinal CD11c(+) DCs comprise several functionally distinct subsets. Here, we report that HLA-DQ(+) antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in normal human duodenal mucosa can be divided into four subsets with striking similarities to those described in mice: CD163(+) CD11c(-) macrophages (74%), and CD11c(+) cells expressing either CD163 (7%), CD103 (11%) or CD1c (13%). CD103(+) and CD1c(+) DCs belonged to partly overlapping populations, whereas CD163(+) CD11c(+) APCs appeared to be a distinct population. In the coeliac lesion, we found increased density of CD163(+) CD11c(+) APCs, whereas the density of CD103(+) and CD1c(+) DCs was decreased, suggesting that distinct subpopulations of APCs in coeliac disease may exert different functions in the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-C R Beitnes
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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Khnykin D, Rønnevig J, Johnsson M, Sitek JC, Blaas HGK, Hausser I, Johansen FE, Jahnsen FL. Ichthyosis prematurity syndrome: clinical evaluation of 17 families with a rare disorder of lipid metabolism. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 66:606-16. [PMID: 21856041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ichthyosis prematurity syndrome (IPS) is classified as a syndromic congenital ichthyosis based on the presence of skin changes at birth, ultrastructural abnormalities in the epidermis, and extracutaneous manifestations. Recently, mutations in the fatty acid transporter protein 4 gene have been identified in patients with IPS. OBJECTIVE We sought to perform a detailed clinical evaluation of patients with IPS identified in Norway. METHODS Clinical examination and follow-up of all patients (n = 23) and light and electron microscopic examination of skin biopsy specimens were performed. RESULTS IPS was characterized prenatally by ultrasound findings of polyhydramnios, separation of membranes, echogenic amniotic fluid, and clear chorionic fluid. All patients were born prematurely with sometimes life-threatening neonatal asphyxia; this was likely caused by aspiration of corneocyte-containing amniotic fluid as postmortem examination of lung tissue in two patients revealed keratin debris filling the bronchial tree and alveoli. The skin appeared erythrodermic, swollen, and covered by a greasy, thick vernix caseosa-like "scale" at birth, and evolved rapidly to a mild chronic ichthyosis. Many patients subsequently had chronic, severe pruritus. Histopathologic and ultrastructural examination of skin biopsy specimens showed hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, dermal inflammation, and characteristic aggregates of curved lamellar structures in the upper epidermis. Peripheral blood eosinophilia was invariably present and most patients had increased serum immunoglobulin E levels. Over 70% of the patients had a history of respiratory allergy and/or food allergy. LIMITATIONS The study included only 23 patients because of the rarity of the disease. CONCLUSION IPS is characterized by defined genetic mutations, typical ultrastructural skin abnormalities, and distinct prenatal and postnatal clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Khnykin
- Department of Pathology and Centre of Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Brottveit M, Ráki M, Bergseng E, Fallang LE, Simonsen B, Løvik A, Larsen S, Løberg EM, Jahnsen FL, Sollid LM, Lundin KEA. Assessing possible celiac disease by an HLA-DQ2-gliadin Tetramer Test. Am J Gastroenterol 2011; 106:1318-24. [PMID: 21364548 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2011.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigation of uncertain celiac disease (CD) in patients already on a gluten-free diet (GFD) is difficult. We evaluated HLA-DQ2-gliadin tetramers for detection of gluten-specific T cells in peripheral blood and histological changes in the duodenum after a short gluten challenge as a diagnostic tool. METHODS HLA-DQ2+ individuals on a GFD for at least 4 weeks were investigated; 35 with uncertain diagnosis, 13 CD patients, and 2 disease controls. All participants had a challenge with four slices of gluten-containing white bread, daily for 3 days (d1-d3). An esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy sampling was done on d0 and d4. Biopsies were scored according to revised Marsh criteria. Peripheral blood CD4+ T cells were isolated, stained with HLA-DQ2-gliadin peptide tetramers, and analyzed by flow cytometry on d0 and d6. RESULTS After challenge, a positive tetramer test was seen in 11/13 CD patients. Four of these subjects also showed typical histological changes on challenge. Of the 35 patients with uncertain diagnosis, 3 were diagnosed with CD. Two of these three patients had both positive tetramer staining and histological changes in biopsies after challenge. CONCLUSIONS Tetramer staining for gluten-specific T cells is a sensitive method in detecting an immune response in CD patients after a short gluten challenge. The prevalence of CD in the group with self-prescribed GFD was about 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Brottveit
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway.
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Inhoff O, Hausser I, Schneider SW, Khnykin D, Jahnsen FL, Sartoris J, Goerdt S, Peitsch WK. Ichthyosis Prematurity Syndrome Caused by a Novel Fatty Acid Transport Protein 4 Gene Mutation in a German Infant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 147:750-2. [DOI: 10.1001/archdermatol.2011.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Søyland E, Heier I, Rodríguez-Gallego C, Mollnes TE, Johansen FE, Holven KB, Halvorsen B, Aukrust P, Jahnsen FL, de la Rosa Carrillo D, Krogstad AL, Nenseter MS. Sun exposure induces rapid immunological changes in skin and peripheral blood in patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2011; 164:344-55. [PMID: 21271993 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has immunosuppressive effects and heliotherapy is a well-described treatment modality for psoriasis. OBJECTIVES To characterize early sun-induced immunological changes both local and systemic in patients with psoriasis. METHODS Twenty patients with moderate to severe psoriasis were subjected to controlled sun exposure on Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores were evaluated. Skin biopsies were obtained from lesional and nonlesional skin in 10 patients at baseline and on day 16 and from five additional patients on day 2. Specimens were examined with immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. Blood samples were obtained from all patients at the same time points and were examined for T-cell subsets and cytokine production. RESULTS Significant clinical improvement was achieved during the study period. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in lesional skin were significantly reduced in both the epidermis and dermis. In contrast, dermal FOXP3+ T cells were relatively increased. In the peripheral blood skin homing cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA)+ T cells were significantly decreased after only 1 day in the sun and in vitro stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells demonstrated reduced capacity to secrete cytokines after 16 days. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that clinical improvement of psoriasis following sun exposure is preceded by a rapid reduction in local and systemic inflammatory markers, strongly suggesting that immune modulation mediated the observed clinical effect. We cannot completely rule out that other mechanisms, such as stress reduction, may contribute, but it is extensively documented that UV irradiation is a potent inducer of immunosuppression and we therefore conclude that the observed effect was primarily due to sun exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Søyland
- Section for Climate Therapy, Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells inhibit allergic inflammation in humans by suppressing the activation of allergen-specific effector T cells. Whether this occurs at the site of allergen exposure has not been determined. OBJECTIVE To determine the occurrence of Foxp3(+) Treg cells in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis (AR) patients and non-allergic controls after a nasal allergen challenge. METHODS Pollen-allergic patients (n=18) and non-allergic volunteers (n=7) were challenged locally with pollen extract or placebo for 7 days outside the pollen season. Mucosal biopsies were obtained from the inferior turbinate on days 0, 1 and 7 and subjected to multi-colour immunofluorescence and blood was drawn for eosinophil counts on days 0, 2, 5 and 7. RESULTS Only AR patients receiving pollen extract experienced typical allergic symptoms and demonstrated increased levels of eosinophils in peripheral blood and nasal mucosa. In allergic patients, a transient early increase (day 1) in CD3(+) T cells was observed in the nasal mucosa, followed by a significant increase of Foxp3(high) T cells at day 7. No changes were found in the control group. The majority of Foxp3(high) cells co-expressed CTLA-4, CD25 and CD4, and a substantial fraction expressed the proliferation marker Ki67. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Experimentally induced inflammation in AR patients leads to an early inflammatory response followed by accumulation of Foxp3(high) T cells in the nasal mucosa. Our findings are similar to that observed in allergic airways of experimental mice, which suggest that Treg cells are operative in allergic upper airway inflammation. It should be explored whether Treg cells accumulating in the nasal mucosa could be targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Skrindo
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital (Rikshospitalet), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Heier I, Malmström K, Sajantila A, Lohi J, Mäkelä M, Jahnsen FL. Characterisation of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue and antigen-presenting cells in central airway mucosa of children. Thorax 2010; 66:151-6. [PMID: 21163807 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.149591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood represents an immunological window of vulnerability in which individuals are at increased risk for both serious infections and development of allergic diseases, particularly affecting the airways. However, little is known about how the airway mucosal immune system is organised and functions during early age. Here, the organisation of immune cells in bronchial mucosa of children was characterised. METHODS Immunophenotyping was performed on mucosal samples obtained postmortem from nine children aged 2-15 years without any history of atopic manifestations or any signs of respiratory disease, who died from non-inflammatory causes. RESULTS In all nine cases, isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs), interpreted as bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), were found, constituting an average frequency of 60 ILFs/cm(2) of airway mucosal surface. Outside these ILFs, dense networks of CD11c(+) myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), CD68(+) macrophages and CD3(+)CD45RA(-) memory T cells were found. Plasmacytoid DCs occurred in low numbers. Importantly, intraepithelial antigen-presenting cells were found to extend cellular projections into the airway lumen. CONCLUSION The density and location of antigen-presenting cells and T cells in this age group are similar to those observed in adults. However, in contrast to adults, BALT appears to be a normal feature of the airway mucosa throughout childhood, suggesting that these structures contribute to regional immunity and homeostasis. This indicates that the local immune system in the airways of children has unique features which should be taken into account, not only when studying airway immunology and immunopathology, but also in the development of mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild Heier
- LIIPAT, Institute of Pathology and Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Skrindo I, Farkas L, Kvale EO, Johansen FE, Jahnsen FL. Depletion of CD4+CD25+CD127lo regulatory T cells does not increase allergen-driven T cell activation. Clin Exp Allergy 2008; 38:1752-9. [PMID: 18681851 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that allergic diseases are caused by defective suppression of allergen-specific Th2 cells by CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. However, such studies have been hampered by the difficulty in distinguishing regulatory T cells from CD25-expressing activated T cells. Recently, it was shown that conventional T cells expressed high levels of CD127, whereas regulatory T cells were CD127(lo), allowing discrimination between these distinct T cell subpopulations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to study whether the putative regulatory subset defined as CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(lo) was involved in grass pollen-reactive T cell responses. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from allergic donors and non-atopic controls out of season. Grass pollen-induced cytokine production and proliferation were compared in cultures of undepleted cells and cells depleted of CD4(+)CD25(+), CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(hi) or CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(lo) T cells. RESULTS Undepleted cell cultures from allergic patients showed significantly increased proliferation and Th2 cytokine production compared with non-atopic controls. Depletion of all CD25(+) T cells did not increase cytokine production or proliferation, and more importantly, no increase in Th2 cytokine production or proliferation was observed in cell cultures depleted of CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(lo) cells (putative regulatory T cells) compared with undepleted PBMCs in both the allergic and the non-atopic group. CONCLUSION Our study showed that T cells from grass pollen-allergic patients and non-atopic controls responded very differently to grass pollen extract, but this difference could not be explained by differences in regulatory T cell function. Further studies are needed to understand the importance of regulatory T cells in allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Skrindo
- Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Pathology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Yaqub S, Henjum K, Mahic M, Jahnsen FL, Aandahl EM, Bjørnbeth BA, Taskén K. Regulatory T cells in colorectal cancer patients suppress anti-tumor immune activity in a COX-2 dependent manner. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 57:813-21. [PMID: 17962941 PMCID: PMC11030670 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Naturally occurring regulatory T (T(R)) cells suppress autoreactive T cells whereas adaptive T(R) cells, induced in the periphery, play an important role in chronic viral diseases and cancer. Several studies indicate that cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors prevent cancer development of colon adenomas and delay disease progression in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We have shown that adaptive T(R) cells express COX-2 and produce PGE(2) that suppress effector T cells in a manner that is reversed by COX-inhibitors. METHODS AND RESULTS Here we demonstrate that CRC patients have elevated levels of PGE(2) in peripheral blood, and CRC tissue samples and draining lymph nodes display increased numbers of FOXP3+ T(R) cells. Depletion of T(R) cells from PBMC enhanced anti-tumor T-cell responses to peptides from carcinoembryonic antigen. Furthermore, the COX inhibitor indomethacin and the PKA type I antagonist Rp-8-Br-cAMPS significantly improved the anti-tumor immune activity. CONCLUSION We suggest that adaptive T(R) cells contribute to an immunosuppressive microenvironment in CRC and inhibit effector T cells by a COX-2-PGE(2)-dependent mechanism and thereby facilitate tumor growth. Therapeutic strategies targeting T(R) cells and the PGE(2)-cAMP pathway may be interesting to pursue to enhance anti-tumor immune activity in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheraz Yaqub
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112, Blindern 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karen Henjum
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112, Blindern 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Milada Mahic
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112, Blindern 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L. Jahnsen
- The Pathology Clinic, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar M. Aandahl
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112, Blindern 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn A. Bjørnbeth
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112, Blindern 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Heier I, Hofgaard PO, Brandtzaeg P, Jahnsen FL, Karlsson M. Depletion of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells inhibits local tumour growth in a mouse model of B cell lymphoma. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 152:381-7. [PMID: 18341610 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (T(regs)) may inhibit immunity against cancer. Induction and expansion of T(regs) in the immunosuppressive microenvironment created by a growing tumour appear to be one of the mechanisms by which it can evade host defence. We studied the impact of CD25+ T(regs) in a B cell lymphoma model in which Rag2-/- mice received adoptive transfer of wild-type spleen cells with or without CD25+ cells, and concurrently subcutaneous inoculation of the B cell lymphoma cell line A20. We also examined the effect of engaging the glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITR) - an approach reported previously to abrogate the suppressive effects of T(regs). Mice that received spleen cells depleted of CD25+ T(regs) showed significantly slower tumour growth and increased survival compared with mice that received unsorted spleen cells. The T(reg)-depleted group also had significantly more CD8+ T cells infiltrating the tumours and higher levels of serum immunoglobulin G subclasses. The anti-GITR treatment had no significant effect on tumour growth, survival or immunoglobulin production. In the CD25-depleted group four of 10 mice developed clinical signs of autoimmunity, in contrast to none in the non-depleted group. Forkhead box P3+ T cells were found in tumour-draining lymph nodes in mice in the CD25-depleted group, suggesting an in vivo induction or expansion of rare transferred donor T(regs). Thus, our study showed that removal of CD25+ T(regs) enhanced anti-tumour immunity against local growth of a B cell lymphoma and that induction or expansion of T(regs) could be one mechanism by which the growing tumour evades immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Heier
- LIIPAT, Institute of Pathology, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Heier I, Malmström K, Pelkonen AS, Malmberg LP, Kajosaari M, Turpeinen M, Lindahl H, Brandtzaeg P, Jahnsen FL, Mäkelä MJ. Bronchial response pattern of antigen presenting cells and regulatory T cells in children less than 2 years of age. Thorax 2008; 63:703-9. [PMID: 18250182 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2007.082974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In early childhood, the ability to mount protective immune responses in the airways is impaired, with increased risk of allergic sensitisation to inhaled allergens. Antigen presenting cells (APC) and regulatory T cells (Treg) are important modifiers of T cell immunity but little is known about their distribution in bronchial mucosa at this age. Here the subset distribution of APC and the appearance of Foxp3(+) Treg and bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) were examined immunohistochemically in children less than 2 years of age with chronic asthma-like symptoms of the lower airways. METHODS Immunophenotyping was performed in situ on bronchial biopsy specimens obtained from 45 infants, 4-23 months of age, under investigation for airway disease. RESULTS A well developed HLA-DR(+) network of APC was present in all samples, approximately 50% of the cells being CD68(+) macrophages and the remainder various subsets of dendritic cells. The density of HLA-DR(+) cells increased significantly with age but was not related to atopy, clinical symptoms or lung function. Comparing the density of APC subsets and clinical parameters, only the number of intraepithelial CD1a(+) dendritic cells was significantly increased in infants who had recently suffered a respiratory infection. BALT structures were identified in 22 children, with no relation to lung function, atopic status or human rhinovirus positivity. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells and Foxp3(+) Treg were located primarily within these isolated lymphoid follicles. CONCLUSION A bronchial network of dendritic cells and macrophages develops quite rapidly after birth, apparently independent of clinical symptoms or atopy. The high frequency of BALT structures containing putative tolerogenic dendritic cells and Treg suggests that these lymphoid follicles play an important role in bronchial immune homeostasis during infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Heier
- LIIPAT, the Pathology Clinic, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Centre, Oslo, Norway
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Holt PG, Strickland DH, Wikström ME, Jahnsen FL. Regulation of immunological homeostasis in the respiratory tract. Nat Rev Immunol 2008; 8:142-52. [DOI: 10.1038/nri2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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