401
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Thennakoon N, Kaur G, Wang J, Plieger PG, Rowlands GJ. An Asymmetric Variant of the Bischler–Möhlau Indole Synthesis. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomerically enriched planar chiral indoles were prepared by an asymmetric variant of the Bischler–Möhlau synthesis. Cinchonine was used as a ‘traceless’ resolving reagent, allowing the formation of readily separable quaternary ammonium salts that were the key intermediates in the indole synthesis. The condensation of the ammonium salt and various substituted anilines was achieved under microwave irradiation; this reduced reaction times and minimised racemisation. The utility of the indoles was demonstrated by their transformation into monophosphane ligands that were capable of coupling challenging substrates in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction.
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402
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Sajiki H, Monguchi Y, Sawama Y. Synthesis of Triazole, Indole, and Five or Six-Membered Saturated Heterocyclic Compounds. HETEROCYCLES 2015. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-14-811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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403
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Garrido Montalban A, Ma YA, Johannsen S, Tandel S, Martinelli MJ. A novel Fischer pseudo-benzylic decarboxylation approach to the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]indol-3-yl system. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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404
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Youn SW, Lee SR. Unusual 1,2-aryl migration in Pd(ii)-catalyzed aza-Wacker-type cyclization of 2-alkenylanilines. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:4652-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00361j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of an unprecedented 1,2-aryl migratory process in Pd(ii)-catalyzed aza-Wacker-type cyclization of 2-alkenylanilines that led to a novel synthesis of C3-substituted indoles is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Won Youn
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 133-791
- Korea
| | - So Ra Lee
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 133-791
- Korea
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405
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Wang ZQ, Zhang X, Yu LT, Mao WT, Chen CZ, Xu K. Synthesis of N-vinylindoles through copper catalyzed cyclization reaction of N-(2-alkynylphenyl)imine. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6931-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00746a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Cu(ii)-catalyzed cyclization reaction of N-(2-alkynylphenyl)imine to synthesize substituted N-vinylindoles is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- P. R. China
| | - Lin-Tao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- P. R. China
| | - Wu-Tao Mao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- P. R. China
| | - Chang-Zhong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- P. R. China
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- P. R. China
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406
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Yamashita M, Suzuki K, Iwasaki H, Ichiyoshi F, Tominaga M, Kojima N, Ozeki M. Synthesis of 3-Ethenylindoles via Intramolecular Cyclization of Aryl Radical with Allene Generated by Samarium(II) Diiodide. HETEROCYCLES 2015. [DOI: 10.3987/com-15-13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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407
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Kale AP, Kumar GS, Kapur M. Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 2-alkenyl-3-arylindoles via a dual α-arylation strategy: formal synthesis of the antilipemic drug fluvastatin. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:10995-1002. [PMID: 26384042 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01632k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new approach has been developed for the synthesis of substituted 2-alkenyl-3-arylindoles utilizing a palladium-catalyzed dual α-arylation of TES-enol ethers of enones as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Prabhakar Kale
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462066
- India
| | - Gangam Srikanth Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462066
- India
| | - Manmohan Kapur
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462066
- India
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408
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Melis N, Secci F, Boddaert T, Aitken DJ, Frongia A. Synthesis of functionalized tryptamines by Brønsted acid catalysed cascade reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15272-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new solvent-free Brønsted acid catalysed cascade reaction has been established, allowing access to highly substituted tryptamines under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Melis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università degli studi di Cagliari
- Complesso Universitario di Monserrato
- Cagliari
- Italy
| | - Francesco Secci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università degli studi di Cagliari
- Complesso Universitario di Monserrato
- Cagliari
- Italy
| | - Thomas Boddaert
- CP3A Organic Synthesis Group
- ICMMO – CNRS UMR 8182
- Université Paris Sud
- 91405 Orsay cedex
- France
| | - David J. Aitken
- CP3A Organic Synthesis Group
- ICMMO – CNRS UMR 8182
- Université Paris Sud
- 91405 Orsay cedex
- France
| | - Angelo Frongia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università degli studi di Cagliari
- Complesso Universitario di Monserrato
- Cagliari
- Italy
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409
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A new synthesis of indoles via intramolecular cyclization of ο-alkynyl N,N-dialkylanilines promoted by KOt-Bu/DMSO. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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410
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411
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Maity S, Kundu A, Pramanik A. Synthesis of biologically important, fluorescence active 5-hydroxy benzo[g]indoles through four-component domino condensations and their fluorescence “Turn-off” sensing of Fe(iii) ions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05780a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiently synthesized fluorescence active 5-hydroxy benzo[g]indoles show excellent fluorescence "Turn-off" sensing of Fe3+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Maity
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700 009
- India
| | - Ashis Kundu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700 009
- India
| | - Animesh Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700 009
- India
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412
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Guo T, Huang F, Yu L, Yu Z. Indole synthesis through transition metal-catalyzed C–H activation. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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413
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Deng GB, Zhang JL, Liu YY, Liu B, Yang XH, Li JH. Metal-free nitrative cyclization of N-aryl imines with tert-butyl nitrite: dehydrogenative access to 3-nitroindoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1886-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08498e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel metal-free oxidative C–H functionalization and nitrative cyclization access to 3-nitroindoles from N-aryl imines is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Jia-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Yan-Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Bang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Xu-Heng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
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414
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415
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Kathirvelan D, Haribabu J, Reddy B, Balachandran C, Duraipandiyan V. Facile and diastereoselective synthesis of 3,2′-spiropyrrolidine-oxindoles derivatives, their molecular docking and antiproliferative activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:389-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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416
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Youn SW, Ko TY, Jang MJ, Jang SS. Silver(I)-Mediated CH Amination of 2-Alkenylanilines: Unique Solvent-Dependent Migratory Aptitude. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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417
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Pseudopericyclic 1,5- versus Pericyclic 1,4- and 1,6-Electrocyclization in Electron-Poor 4-Aryl-2-azabuta-1,3-dienes: Indole Synthesis from 2H-Azirines and Diazo Compounds. J Org Chem 2014; 80:18-29. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501051n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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418
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Rotta-Loria NL, Borzenko A, Alsabeh PG, Lavery CB, Stradiotto M. Utilizing Mor-DalPhos/Palladium-Catalyzed Monoarylation in the Multicomponent One-Pot Synthesis of Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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419
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Yang Y, Bai Y, Sun S, Dai M. Biosynthetically inspired divergent approach to monoterpene indole alkaloids: total synthesis of mersicarpine, leuconodines B and D, leuconoxine, melodinine E, leuconolam, and rhazinilam. Org Lett 2014; 16:6216-9. [PMID: 25412144 PMCID: PMC4260631 DOI: 10.1021/ol503150c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by their potential biosynthesis, we have developed divergent total syntheses of seven monoterpene indole alkaloids including mersicarpine, leuconodines B and D, leuconoxine, melodinine E, leuconolam, and rhazinilam, and one unnatural analogue with an unprecedented structural skeleton. The key steps involve a Witkop-Winterfeldt oxidative indole cleavage followed by transannular cyclization. The transannular cyclization product was then converted to the corresponding structural skeletons by pairing its functional groups into different reaction modes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siyuan Sun
- Department
of Chemistry and
Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mingji Dai
- Department
of Chemistry and
Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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420
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Outlaw VK, Townsend CA. A practical route to substituted 7-aminoindoles from pyrrole-3-carboxaldehydes. Org Lett 2014; 16:6334-7. [PMID: 25479249 PMCID: PMC4275132 DOI: 10.1021/ol503078h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Among
privileged structures, indoles occupy a central place in
medicinal chemistry and alkaloid research. Here we report a flexible
and efficient conversion of pyrrole-3-carboxaldehydes to substituted
7-amino-5-cyanoindoles. Phosphine addition to fumaronitrile proceeds
with prototropic rearrangement of the initially formed zwitterion
to the thermodynamically favored phosphonium ylide, which is poised
for in situ Wittig olefination. The predominantly E-alkene product positions the allylic nitrile for facile intramolecular
Hoeben–Hoesch reaction in the presence of BF3·OEt2. Syntheses of 2,5- and 3,5-disubstituted 7-aminoindoles are
illustrated. Additionally, dianion alkylation of the allylic nitrile
is demonstrated to furnish, after cyclization, 5,6-disubstituted 7-aminoindoles
to further exemplify this scalable and high-yielding method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor K Outlaw
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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421
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Matsuda Y, Naoe S, Oishi S, Fujii N, Ohno H. Formal [4+2] Reaction between 1,3-Diynes and Pyrroles: Gold(I)-Catalyzed Indole Synthesis by Double Hydroarylation. Chemistry 2014; 21:1463-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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422
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Garg M, Chauhan M, Singh PK, Alex JM, Kumar R. Pyrazoloquinazolines: Synthetic strategies and bioactivities. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 97:444-61. [PMID: 25438709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Numerous N-heterocycles are indisputably evidenced to exhibit myriad biological activities. In the recent past, attempts made to condense the various heterocycles have resulted in derivatives possessing better bioactivities. Among many such condensed heterocycles, pyrazoloquinazolines have managed to hold the attention of many researchers, owing to the broad spectrum of activities they portray. This review is the first of its kind to congregate the various pyrazoloquinazolines reported until now and categorizes these structurally isomeric classes into eleven different groups based on the fusion pattern of the ring such as [1,5-c], [5,1-b], [4,3-h], etc. Furthermore, this review is a concerted effort to highlight design, synthetic strategies as well as biological activities of each class of this condensed heterocycle. Structure-activity relationship studies and in silico approaches wherever reported have also been discussed. In addition, manuscript also offers scope for design, synthesis and generation of libraries of unreported classes of pyrazoloquinazolines for the biological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Garg
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India
| | - Monika Chauhan
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India
| | - Jimi Marin Alex
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India.
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423
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Zhu C, Ma S. Studies on Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Dihydrocycloocta- [b]indoles and their Thermal Reactivities with Maleimide or Maleic Anhydride. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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424
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Matcha K, Antonchick AP. Cascade Multicomponent Synthesis of Indoles, Pyrazoles, and Pyridazinones by Functionalization of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11960-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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425
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Zoller J, Fabry DC, Ronge MA, Rueping M. Synthesis of Indoles Using Visible Light: Photoredox Catalysis for Palladium-Catalyzed CH Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13264-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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426
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Zoller J, Fabry DC, Ronge MA, Rueping M. Synthese von Indolen mithilfe von sichtbarem Licht: Photoredoxkatalyse für die Palladium-katalysierte C-H-Aktivierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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427
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Cybulski M, Formela A, Fokt I. N-Chlorophthalimide as a mild and efficient chlorination reagent in the Gassman ortho alkylation of aromatic amines. Synthesis of 3-(methylthio)oxindoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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428
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Gao J, Shao Y, Zhu J, Zhu J, Mao H, Wang X, Lv X. One-Pot Approach to 1,2-Disubstituted Indoles via Cu(II)-Catalyzed Coupling/Cyclization under Aerobic Conditions and Its Application for the Synthesis of Polycyclic Indoles. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9000-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501250u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jilong Gao
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Shao
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People’s Republic of China
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429
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Matcha K, Antonchick AP. Mehrkomponentenkaskade zur Synthese von Indolen, Pyrazolen und Pyridazinonen durch Funktionalisierung von Alkenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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430
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Chen J, Chen P, Song C, Zhu J. Rhodium(III)-CatalyzedN-Nitroso-Directed CH Addition to Ethyl 2-Oxoacetate for Cycloaddition/Fragmentation Synthesis of Indazoles. Chemistry 2014; 20:14245-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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431
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Chen J, He L, Natte K, Neumann H, Beller M, Wu XF. Palladium@Cerium(IV) Oxide-Catalyzed Oxidative Synthesis ofN-(2-Pyridyl)indolesviaCH Activation Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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432
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Zhang Y, Lu BZ, Li G, Rodriguez S, Tan J, Wei HX, Liu J, Roschangar F, Ding F, Zhao W, Qu B, Reeves D, Grinberg N, Lee H, Heckmann G, Niemeier O, Brenner M, Tsantrizos Y, Beaulieu PL, Hossain A, Yee N, Farina V, Senanayake CH. A highly concise and convergent synthesis of HCV polymerase inhibitor Deleobuvir (BI 207127): application of a one-pot borylation-Suzuki coupling reaction. Org Lett 2014; 16:4558-61. [PMID: 25105303 DOI: 10.1021/ol5021114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly concise and convergent synthesis of HCV polymerase inhibitor Deleobuvir (BI 207127, 1) was achieved, featuring efficient Pd-catalyzed one-pot borylation-Suzuki coupling where TFP was identified as the unique ligand effective for these transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongda Zhang
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
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433
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Hovey MT, Check CT, Sipher AF, Scheidt KA. N-heterocyclic-carbene-catalyzed synthesis of 2-aryl indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9603-7. [PMID: 25044815 PMCID: PMC4164393 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A convergent and efficient transition-metal-free catalytic synthesis of 2-aryl-indoles has been developed. The interception of a highly reactive and transient aza-ortho-quinone methide by an acyl anion equivalent generated through N-hetereocyclic carbene catalysis is central to this successful strategy. High yields and a wide scope as well as the streamlined synthesis of a kinase inhibitor are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Todd Hovey
- Department of Chemistry Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Christopher T. Check
- Department of Chemistry Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Alexandra F. Sipher
- Department of Chemistry Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
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434
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Mo DL, Wink DJ, Anderson LL. Solvent-Controlled Bifurcated Cascade Process for the Selective Preparation of Dihydrocarbazoles or Dihydropyridoindoles. Chemistry 2014; 20:13217-25. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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435
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Liwosz TW, Chemler SR. Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of N-Aryl and N-Sulfonyl Indoles from 2-Vinylanilines with O 2 as Terminal Oxidant and TEMPO as Co-Catalyst. Synlett 2014; 26:335-339. [PMID: 25762851 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1379015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed intramolecular alkene oxidative amination that utilizes TEMPO as co-catalyst and O2 as the terminal oxidant has been developed. The method furnishes N-aryl and N-sulfonyl indoles from N-aryl and N-sulfonyl 2-vinylanilines, respectively. Additionally, sequential copper-catalyzed reactions where initial Chan-Lam coupling of 2-vinylanilines with arylboronic acids is followed by oxidative amination of the alkene can generate N-aryl indoles in one pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Liwosz
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14620, United States
| | - Sherry R Chemler
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14620, United States
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436
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Ueno A, Kayaki Y, Ikariya T. Heterolysis of NH-Indoles by Bifunctional Amido Complexes and Applications to Carboxylation with Carbon Dioxide. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500695a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ueno
- Department
of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-E4-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kayaki
- Department
of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-E4-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takao Ikariya
- Department
of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-E4-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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437
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Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Redox-Neutral Annulation of Tethered Alkynes: Formal Total Synthesis of (±)-Goniomitine. Chemistry 2014; 20:12768-72. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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438
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Chrostowska A, Xu S, Mazière A, Boknevitz K, Li B, Abbey ER, Dargelos A, Graciaa A, Liu SY. UV-photoelectron spectroscopy of BN indoles: experimental and computational electronic structure analysis. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11813-20. [PMID: 25089659 PMCID: PMC4140474 DOI: 10.1021/ja5063899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
present a comprehensive electronic structure analysis of two
BN isosteres of indole using a combined UV-photoelectron spectroscopy
(UV-PES)/computational chemistry approach. Gas-phase He I photoelectron
spectra of external BN indole I and fused BN indole II have been recorded, assessed by density functional theory
calculations, and compared with natural indole. The first ionization
energies of these indoles are natural indole (7.9 eV), external BN
indole I (7.9 eV), and fused BN indole II (8.05 eV). The computationally determined molecular dipole moments
are in the order: natural indole (2.177 D) > fused BN indole II (1.512 D) > external BN indole I (0.543
D).
The λmax in the UV–vis absorption spectra
are in the order: fused BN indole II (292 nm) > external
BN indole I (282 nm) > natural indole (270 nm). The
observed
relative electrophilic aromatic substitution reactivity of the investigated
indoles with dimethyliminium chloride as the electrophile is as follows:
fused BN indole II > natural indole > external
BN indole I, and this trend correlates with the π-orbital
coefficient
at the 3-position. Nucleus-independent chemical shifts calculations
show that the introduction of boron into an aromatic 6π-electron
system leads to a reduction in aromaticity, presumably due to a stronger
bond localization. Trends and conclusions from BN isosteres of simple
monocyclic aromatic systems such as benzene and toluene are not necessarily
translated to the bicyclic indole core. Thus, electronic structure
consequences resulting from BN/CC isosterism will need to be evaluated
individually from system to system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chrostowska
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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439
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Lim BY, Jung BE, Cho CG. Ene-hydrazide from Enol Triflate for the Regioselective Fischer Indole Synthesis. Org Lett 2014; 16:4492-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502031q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Yun Lim
- Center for New Directions
in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Jung
- Center for New Directions
in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Cheon-Gyu Cho
- Center for New Directions
in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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440
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Yao B, Wang Q, Zhu J. Mechanistic Study on the Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles Under Aerobic Conditions: Anion Effects and the Development of a Low-Catalyst-Loading Process. Chemistry 2014; 20:12255-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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441
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Vijay Kumar S, Saraiah B, Parameshwarappa G, Ila H, Verma GK. Synthesis of N-Functionalized/NH-Multisubstituted Indoles, Thienopyrroles, Pyrroloindoles, and Pyrazolopyrroles via Sequential One-Pot Base-Mediated and Copper-Catalyzed Inter- and Intramolecular Amination of 2-[2-Bromo(het)aryl]-3-(het)aryl-3-(methylthio)acrylonitriles. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7961-78. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Vijay Kumar
- New
Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - B. Saraiah
- New
Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - G. Parameshwarappa
- New
Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - H. Ila
- New
Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Girijesh K. Verma
- Department
of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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442
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Abaev VT, Plieva AT, Chalikidi PN, Uchuskin MG, Trushkov IV, Butin AV. A Simple Route to Polysubstituted Indoles Exploiting Azide Induced Furan Ring Opening. Org Lett 2014; 16:4150-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5018504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir T. Abaev
- Department of Chemistry, North-Ossetian State University, Vatutina 46, Vladikavkaz 362025, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya T. Plieva
- Department of Chemistry, North-Ossetian State University, Vatutina 46, Vladikavkaz 362025, Russian Federation
| | - Petrakis N. Chalikidi
- Department of Chemistry, North-Ossetian State University, Vatutina 46, Vladikavkaz 362025, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim G. Uchuskin
- Department
of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, Perm 614990, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V. Trushkov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Butin
- Department
of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, Perm 614990, Russian Federation
- Institute of Technical Chemistry UB RAS, academica Koroleva 3, Perm 614013, Russian Federation
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443
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Vaswani RG, Albrecht BK, Audia JE, Côté A, Dakin LA, Duplessis M, Gehling VS, Harmange JC, Hewitt MC, Leblanc Y, Nasveschuk CG, Taylor AM. A practical synthesis of indoles via a Pd-catalyzed C-N ring formation. Org Lett 2014; 16:4114-7. [PMID: 25068576 DOI: 10.1021/ol5018118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of N-functionalized C2-/C3-substituted indoles via Pd-catalyzed C-N bond coupling of halo-aryl enamines is described. The general strategy utilizes a variety of amines and β-keto esters which are elaborated into halo-aryl enamines as latent precursors to indoles. The preferred conditions comprising the RuPhos precatalyst and RuPhos in the presence of NaOMe in 1,4-dioxane tolerate a variety of substituents and are scalable for the construction of indoles in multigram quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi G Vaswani
- Department of Chemistry, Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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444
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Dinda BK, Basak S, Mal D. Regiospecific Synthesis of 7-Hydroxyindoles from Pyrroles by Anionic Benzannulation. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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445
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Nambu H, Fukumoto M, Hirota W, Yakura T. Ring-Opening Cyclization of Cyclohexane-1,3-dione-2-spirocyclopropanes with Amines: Rapid Access to 2-Substituted 4-Hydroxyindole. Org Lett 2014; 16:4012-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501837b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Nambu
- Graduate
School of Medicine
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukumoto
- Graduate
School of Medicine
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Wataru Hirota
- Graduate
School of Medicine
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yakura
- Graduate
School of Medicine
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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446
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Hovey MT, Check CT, Sipher AF, Scheidt KA. N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Aryl Indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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447
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Fra L, Millán A, Souto JA, Muñiz K. Indole Synthesis Based On A Modified Koser Reagent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7349-53. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fra
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain)
| | - Alba Millán
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain)
| | - José A. Souto
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain)
| | - Kilian Muñiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain)
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona (Spain)
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448
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Jang
- Center for New Directions
in Organic
Synthesis, Department of
Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - So Won Youn
- Center for New Directions
in Organic
Synthesis, Department of
Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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449
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Rajagopal B, Chou CH, Chung CC, Lin PC. Synthesis of Substituted 3-Indolylimines and Indole-3-carboxaldehydes by Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Annulation. Org Lett 2014; 16:3752-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501618z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Basker Rajagopal
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Cheng Chung
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chiao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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450
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Zhou F, Driver TG. Efficient synthesis of 3H-indoles enabled by the lead-mediated α-arylation of β-ketoesters or γ-lactams using aryl azides. Org Lett 2014; 16:2916-9. [PMID: 24865180 PMCID: PMC4059265 DOI: 10.1021/ol5010615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of a lead-mediated α-arylation reaction between aryl azides and β-ketoesters or γ-lactams that facilitates the formation of 3H-indoles is disclosed. Twenty-five examples are included which demonstrate the generality of this reaction to access aryl azides bearing tetrasubstituted o-alkyl substituents. When paired with a Staudinger reduction, this reaction streamlines the synthesis of functionalized 3H-indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Tom G. Driver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
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