401
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The degradation and clearance of Poly(N-hydroxypropyl-L-glutamine)-DTPA-Gd as a blood pool MRI contrast agent. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5376-83. [PMID: 22541356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although polymeric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents have significantly improved relaxivity and prolonged circulation time in vivo compared with current imaging agents, the potential for long-term toxicity prevents their translation into the clinic. The aim of this study was to develop a new biodegradable, nonionic polymeric blood pool MRI contrast agent with efficient clearance from the body. We synthesized PHPG-DTPA, which possesses two potentially degradable sites in vivo: protein amide bonds of the polymer backbone susceptible to enzymatic degradation and hydrolytically labile ester bonds in the side chains. After chelation with Gd(3+), PHPG-DTPA-Gd displayed an R(1) relaxivity of 15.72 mm(-1)⋅sec(-1) (3.7 times higher than that of Magnevist(T)). In vitro, DTPA was completely released from PHPG polymer within 48 h when incubated in mouse plasma. In vivo, PHPG-DTPA-Gd was cleared via renal route as shown by micro-single photon emission computed tomography of mice after intravenous injection of (111)In-labeled PHPG-DTPA-Gd. MRI of nude rats bearing C6 glioblastoma showed significant enhancement of the tumor periphery after intravenous injection of PHPG-DTPA-Gd. Furthermore, mouse brain angiography was clearly delineated up to 2 h after injection of PHPG-DTPA-Gd. PHPG-DTPA-Gd's biodegradability, efficient clearance, and significantly increased relaxivity make it a promising polymeric blood pool MRI contrast agent.
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402
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Dumont MF, Baligand C, Li Y, Knowles ES, Meisel MW, Walter GA, Talham DR. DNA surface modified gadolinium phosphate nanoparticles as MRI contrast agents. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:951-7. [PMID: 22462809 DOI: 10.1021/bc200553h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide modified gadolinium phosphate nanoparticles have been prepared and their magnetic resonance relaxivity properties measured. Nanoparticles of GdPO4·H2O were synthesized in a water/oil microemulsion using IGEPAL CO-520 as surfactant, resulting in 50 to 100 nm particles that are highly dispersible and stable in water. Using surface modification chemistry previously established for zirconium phosphonate surfaces, the particles are directly modified with 5'-phosphate terminated oligonucleotides, and the specific interaction of the divalent phosphate with Gd(3+) sites at the surface is demonstrated. The ability of the modified nanoparticles to act as MRI contrast agents was determined by performing MR relaxivity measurements at 14.1 T. Solutions of nanopure water, Feridex, and Omniscan (FDA approved contrast agents) in 0.25% agarose were used for comparison and control purposes. MRI data confirm that GdPO4·H2O nanoparticles have relaxivities (r1, r2) comparable to those of commercially available contrast agents. In addition, the data suggest that biofunctionalization of the surface of the nanoparticles does not prevent their function as MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu F Dumont
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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403
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Albertazzi L, Fernandez-Villamarin M, Riguera R, Fernandez-Megia E. Peripheral functionalization of dendrimers regulates internalization and intracellular trafficking in living cells. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1059-68. [PMID: 22482890 DOI: 10.1021/bc300079h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
GATG (gallic acid-triethylene glycol) dendrimers represent appealing nanostructures for biomedical applications. The incorporation of specific ligands and targeting and imaging agents on their surface has resulted in promising tools in diagnosis and drug delivery. With the aim to further explore the versatility of GATG dendrimers in the biomedical field, in this work we study the effect of peripheral substitution on their uptake and intracellular trafficking in living cells. To this end, peripheral groups with different physicochemical properties and biological relevance have been installed on the surface of GATG dendrimers, and their interactions, uptake efficacy, and specificity for certain cell populations studied by confocal microscopy. Finally, this information was used to design a pH-sensitive drug delivery system for the selective release of cargo molecules inside cells after lysosomal localization. These results along with the easy functionalization and modular architecture of GATG dendrimers reveal these systems as promising nanotools in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Albertazzi
- NEST , Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
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404
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Park JA, Kim JY, Kim HK, Lee W, Lim SM, Chang Y, Kim TJ, Kim KM. Heteronuclear Gd-(99m)Tc Complex of DTPA-Bis(histidylamide) Conjugate as a Bimodal MR/SPECT Imaging Probe. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:299-302. [PMID: 24900467 DOI: 10.1021/ml200285p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The work describes the synthesis and in vivo application of heterotrimetallic complexes of the type {Gd(H2O)[(M(H2O)(CO)3)2(1)]} {1 = DTPA-bis(histidyl-amide); M = Re (3a); (99m)Tc (3b)} for dual modality MR/SPECT imaging. Here, the DTPA-bis(histidylamide) conjugate functions as a trinucleating chelate incorporating Gd in the DTPA core with Re or (99m)Tc in the pair of histidylamide side arms. The two complexes are chemically equivalent as revealed by HPLC, and their "cocktail mixture" (3a + 3b) has demonstrated itself to be essentially a single bimodal imaging probe. The present system has thus overcome the sensitivity difference problem between MRI and SPECT and paved the way for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ae Park
- Molecular Imaging Research Center,
Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706,
Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- Molecular Imaging Research Center,
Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706,
Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Kim
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Korea
| | - Wonho Lee
- Molecular Imaging Research Center,
Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706,
Korea
| | - Sang Moo Lim
- Department of Nuclear
Medicine,
Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706,
Korea
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Korea
| | - Tae-Jeong Kim
- Department of Applied
Chemistry,
Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Kyeong Min Kim
- Molecular Imaging Research Center,
Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706,
Korea
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405
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory
Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Magnetic
Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P.R.China
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406
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Tu C, Louie AY. Nanoformulations for molecular MRI. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 4:448-57. [PMID: 22488901 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale contrast agents have shown the ability to increase the detection sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by several orders of magnitude, endowing this traditionally macroscopic modality with the ability to observe unique molecular signatures. Herein, we describe three types of nanoparticulate contrast agents: iron oxide nanoparticles, gadolinium-based nanoparticles, and bio-essential manganese, cobalt, nickel, and copper ion-containing nanoformulations. Some of these agents have been approved for clinical use, but more are still under development for medical imaging. The advantages and disadvantages of each nanoformulation, in terms of intrinsic magnetism, ease of synthesis, biodistribution, etc. are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Tu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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407
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Botta M, Tei L. Relaxivity Enhancement in Macromolecular and Nanosized GdIII-Based MRI Contrast Agents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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408
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Bonnet CS, Tóth É. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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409
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410
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Liu T, Li X, Qian Y, Hu X, Liu S. Multifunctional pH-Disintegrable micellar nanoparticles of asymmetrically functionalized β-cyclodextrin-Based star copolymer covalently conjugated with doxorubicin and DOTA-Gd moieties. Biomaterials 2012; 33:2521-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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411
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Tosh DK, Phan K, Deflorian F, Wei Q, Yoo LS, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA. Click modification in the N6 region of A3 adenosine receptor-selective carbocyclic nucleosides for dendrimeric tethering that preserves pharmacophore recognition. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:232-47. [PMID: 22175234 PMCID: PMC3291892 DOI: 10.1021/bc200526c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine derivatives were modified with alkynyl groups on N(6) substituents for linkage to carriers using Cu(I)-catalyzed click chemistry. Two parallel series, both containing a rigid North-methanocarba (bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane) ring system in place of ribose, behaved as A(3) adenosine receptor (AR) agonists: (5'-methyluronamides) or partial agonists (4'-truncated). Terminal alkynyl groups on a chain at the 3 position of a N(6)-benzyl group or simply through a N(6)-propargyl group were coupled to azido derivatives, which included both small molecules and G4 (fourth-generation) multivalent poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, to form 1,2,3-triazolyl linkers. The small molecular triazoles probed the tolerance in A(3)AR binding of distal, sterically bulky groups such as 1-adamantyl. Terminal 4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl groups anticipated nucleophilic substitution for chain extension and (18)F radiolabeling. N(6)-(4-Fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)-triazolylmethyl derivative 32 displayed a K(i) of 9.1 nM at A(3)AR with ∼1000-fold subtype selectivity. Multivalent conjugates additionally containing click-linked water-solubilizing polyethylene glycol groups potently activated A(3)AR in the 5'-methyluronamide, but not 4' truncated series. N(6)-Benzyl nucleoside conjugate 43 (apparent K(i) 24 nM) maintained binding affinity of the monomer better than a N(6)-triazolylmethyl derivative. Thus, the N(6) region of 5'-methyluronamide derivatives, as modeled in receptor docking, is suitable for functionalization and tethering by click chemistry to achieve high A(3)AR agonist affinity and enhanced selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K. Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Khai Phan
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Francesca Deflorian
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Qiang Wei
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Lena S. Yoo
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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412
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Aiertza MK, Odriozola I, Cabañero G, Grande HJ, Loinaz I. Single-chain polymer nanoparticles. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:337-46. [PMID: 22015611 PMCID: PMC11114773 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of polymer nanoparticles (NPs) with controlled characteristics has become an appealing research topic lately. Nanomedicine, and especially drug delivery and imaging, are fields that require particles of a controlled size and with a tailored arrangement of functional groups. Intramolecular cross-linking or collapse of single polymer chains has emerged as an efficient alternative for the synthesis of well-defined polymer NPs. This technique allows the generation of 1.5-20 nm particles with a wide variety of chemical compositions and functionalities. This review begins by gathering synthetic strategies described in the literature and groups them into four main synthetic methods: homo-functional collapse, hetero-functional collapse, crosslinker-mediated collapse, and one-block collapse of diblock or triblock copolymers. Afterwards, the main characterization techniques and physical properties of single-chain polymer NPs (SCPNs) are exposed. Finally, several applications in nanomedicine are mentioned followed by some future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Karmele Aiertza
- New Materials Department, Fundación CIDETEC, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Paseo Miramón 196, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ibon Odriozola
- New Materials Department, Fundación CIDETEC, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Paseo Miramón 196, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Germán Cabañero
- New Materials Department, Fundación CIDETEC, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Paseo Miramón 196, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Hans-Jürgen Grande
- New Materials Department, Fundación CIDETEC, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Paseo Miramón 196, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Iraida Loinaz
- New Materials Department, Fundación CIDETEC, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Paseo Miramón 196, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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413
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Hu J, Qian Y, Wang X, Liu T, Liu S. Drug-loaded and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle surface-embedded amphiphilic block copolymer micelles for integrated chemotherapeutic drug delivery and MR imaging. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:2073-2082. [PMID: 22047551 DOI: 10.1021/la203992q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of organic/inorganic hybrid micelles of amphiphilic block copolymers physically encapsulated with hydrophobic drugs within micellar cores and stably embedded with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles within hydrophilic coronas, which possess integrated functions of chemotherapeutic drug delivery and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast enhancement. Poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(glycerol monomethacrylate), PCL-b-PGMA, and PCL-b-P(OEGMA-co-FA) amphiphilic block copolymers were synthesized at first by combining ring-opening polymerization (ROP), atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and post- modification techniques, where OEGMA and FA are oligo(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate and folic acid-bearing moieties, respectively. A model hydrophobic anticancer drug, paclitaxel (PTX), and 4 nm SPIO nanoparticles were then loaded into micellar cores and hydrophilic coronas, respectively, of mixed micelles fabricated from PCL-b-PGMA and PCL-b-P(OEGMA-co-FA) diblock copolymers by taking advantage of the hydrophobicity of micellar cores and strong affinity between 1,2-diol moieties in PGMA and Fe atoms at the surface of SPIO nanoparticles. The controlled and sustained release of PTX from hybrid micelles was achieved, exhibiting a cumulative release of ~61% encapsulated drugs (loading content, 8.5 w/w%) over ~130 h. Compared to that of surfactant-stabilized single SPIO nanoparticles (r(2) = 28.3 s(-1) mM(-1) Fe), the clustering of SPIO nanoparticles within micellar coronas led to considerably enhanced T(2) relaxivity (r(2) = 121.1 s(-1) mM(-1) Fe), suggesting that hybrid micelles can serve as a T(2)-weighted MR imaging contrast enhancer with improved performance. Moreover, preliminary experiments of in vivo MR imaging were also conducted. These results indicate that amphiphilic block copolymer micelles surface embedded with SPIO nanoparticles at the hydrophilic corona can act as a new generation of nanoplatform integrating targeted drug delivery, controlled release, and disease diagnostic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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414
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Click Chemistry with Polymers, Dendrimers, and Hydrogels for Drug Delivery. Pharm Res 2012; 29:902-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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415
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Giovenzana GB, Negri R, Rolla GA, Tei L. Gd-Aminoethyl-DO3A Complexes: A Novel Class of pH-Sensitive MRI Contrast Agents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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416
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Lim J, Pavan GM, Annunziata O, Simanek EE. Experimental and Computational Evidence for an Inversion in Guest Capacity in High-Generation Triazine Dendrimer Hosts. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:1942-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja210122z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongdoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129,
United States
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Laboratory
of Applied Mathematics
and Physics (LamFI), University for Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Centro Galleria 2,
CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Onofrio Annunziata
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129,
United States
| | - Eric E. Simanek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129,
United States
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417
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Vivero-Escoto JL, Huxford-Phillips RC, Lin W. Silica-based nanoprobes for biomedical imaging and theranostic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:2673-85. [PMID: 22234515 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15229k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based contrast agents are attracting a great deal of attention for various biomedical imaging and theranostic applications. Compared to conventional contrast agents, nanoparticles possess several potential advantages to improve in vivo detection and to enhance targeting efficiency. Silica-based nanoprobes can be engineered to achieve longer blood circulation times, specific clearance pathways, and multivalent binding. In this tutorial review, we summarize the latest progress on designing silica-based nanoprobes for imaging and theranostic applications. The synthesis of both solid silica and mesoporous silica nanoparticles is described, along with different approaches used for surface functionalization. Special emphasis is placed on the application of silica-based nanoprobes in optical, magnetic resonance, and multimodal imaging. The latest breakthroughs in the applications of silica nanoparticles as theranostic agents are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Vivero-Escoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#390, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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418
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Cai H, Li K, Shen M, Wen S, Luo Y, Peng C, Zhang G, Shi X. Facile assembly of Fe3O4@Au nanocomposite particles for dual mode magnetic resonance and computed tomography imaging applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16851k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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419
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Liu T, Qian Y, Hu X, Ge Z, Liu S. Mixed polymeric micelles as multifunctional scaffold for combined magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement and targeted chemotherapeutic drug delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm15092a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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420
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Nazemi A, Martínez F, Scholl TJ, Gillies ER. Biodegradable dendritic polymersomes as modular, high-relaxivity MRI contrast agents. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20886e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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421
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Debroye E, Dehaen G, Eliseeva SV, Laurent S, Vander Elst L, Muller RN, Binnemans K, Parac-Vogt TN. A new metallostar complex based on an aluminum(iii) 8-hydroxyquinoline core as a potential bimodal contrast agent. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:10549-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30605k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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422
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Ghobril C, Lamanna G, Kueny-Stotz M, Garofalo A, Billotey C, Felder-Flesch D. Dendrimers in nuclear medical imaging. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20416e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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423
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424
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Ye M, Qian Y, Shen Y, Hu H, Sui M, Tang J. Facile synthesis and in vivo evaluation of biodegradable dendritic MRI contrast agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32211k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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425
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Wang Y, Zhou S, Kong D, Yang H, Chai W, Kortz U, Wu L. Self-assembly and alterable relaxivity of an organic cation-encapsulated gadolinium-containing polyoxometalate. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:10052-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30641g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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426
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Vivero-Escoto JL, Taylor-Pashow KML, Huxford RC, Rocca JD, Okoruwa C, An H, Lin W, Lin W. Multifunctional mesoporous silica nanospheres with cleavable Gd(III) chelates as MRI contrast agents: synthesis, characterization, target-specificity, and renal clearance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:3519-28. [PMID: 22069305 PMCID: PMC4040274 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs) are a promising material for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. In this paper multifunctional MSNs with cleavable Gd(III) chelates are synthesized and characterized, and their applicability as MRI contrast agents is demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. The MSNs contain Gd(III) chelates that are covalently linked via a redox-responsive disulfide moiety. The MSNs are further functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and an anisamide ligand to improve their biocompatibility and target specificity. The effectiveness of MSNs as an MRI imaging contrast agent and their targeting ability are successfully demonstrated in vitro using human colon adenocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer cells. Finally, the capability of this platform as an in vivo MRI contrast agent is tested using a 3T scanner. The Gd(III) chelate was quickly cleaved by the blood pool thiols and eliminated through the renal excretion pathway. Further tuning of the Gd(III) chelate release kinetics is needed before the MSN system can be used as target-specific MRI contrast agents in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L. Vivero-Escoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | | | - Rachel C. Huxford
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Joseph Della Rocca
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Christie Okoruwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Hongyu An
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Weili Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
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427
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Almeida JPM, Chen AL, Foster A, Drezek R. In vivo biodistribution of nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:815-35. [PMID: 21793674 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have potential applications in diagnostics, imaging, gene and drug delivery and other types of therapy. Iron oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles and quantum dots have all generated substantial interest and their properties and applications have been thoroughly studied. Yet, metal-containing particles raise biodistribution and toxicity concerns because they can be quickly cleared from the blood by the reticuloendothelial system and can remain in organs, such as the liver and spleen, for prolonged periods of time. Design considerations, such as size, shape, surface coating and dosing, can be manipulated to prolong blood circulation and enhance treatment efficacy, but nonspecific distribution has thus far been unavoidable. Renal excretion of nanoparticles is possible and is size dependent, but the need to incorporate coatings to particles for increased circulation can hinder such excretion. Further long-term studies are needed because recent work has shown varying degrees of in vivo toxicity as well as varying levels of nanoparticle excretion over time. The interaction of these particles with immune cells and their effect on the innate and adaptive immune response also needs further characterization. Finally, more systematic in vitro approaches are needed to both guide in vivo work and better correlate nanoparticle properties to their biological effects.
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428
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Moore JD, Allen MJ. Multilanthanide Systems for Medical Imaging Applications. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOMEDICINE 2011; 1:88-100. [PMID: 23543789 PMCID: PMC3610183 DOI: 10.2174/1877912311101020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecules containing multiple lanthanide ions have unique potential in applications for medical imaging including the areas of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluoresence imaging. The study of multilanthanide complexes as contrast agents for MRI and as biologically responsive fluorescent probes has resulted in an improved understanding of the structural characteristics that govern the behavior of these complexes. This review will survey the last five years of progress in multinuclear lanthanide complexes with a specific focus on the structural parameters that impact potential medical imaging applications. The patents cited in this review are from the last five years and describe contrast agents that contain multiple lanthanide ions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew J. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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429
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Hu J, Su Y, Zhang H, Xu T, Cheng Y. Design of interior-functionalized fully acetylated dendrimers for anticancer drug delivery. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9950-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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430
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Chanyshev B, Shainberg A, Isak A, Litinsky A, Chepurko Y, Tosh DK, Phan K, Gao ZG, Hochhauser E, Jacobson KA. Anti-ischemic effects of multivalent dendrimeric A₃ adenosine receptor agonists in cultured cardiomyocytes and in the isolated rat heart. Pharmacol Res 2011; 65:338-46. [PMID: 22154845 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine released during myocardial ischemia mediates cardioprotective preconditioning. Multivalent drugs covalently bound to nanocarriers may differ greatly in chemical and biological properties from the corresponding monomeric agents. Here, we conjugated chemically functionalized nucleosides to poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimeric polymers and investigated their effects in rat primary cardiac cell cultures and in the isolated heart. Three conjugates of A₃ adenosine receptor (AR) agonists, chain-functionalized at the C2 or N⁶ position, were cardioprotective, with greater potency than monomeric agonist Cl-IB-MECA. Multivalent amide-linked MRS5216 was selective for A₁ and A₃ARs, and triazole-linked MRS5246 and MRS5539 (optionally containing fluorescent label) were A₃AR-selective. The conjugates protected ischemic rat cardiomyocytes, an effect blocked by an A₃AR antagonist MRS1523, and isolated hearts with significantly improved infarct size, rate of pressure product, and rate of contraction and relaxation. Thus, strategically derivatized nucleosides tethered to biocompatible polymeric carriers display enhanced cardioprotective potency via activation of A₃AR on the cardiomyocyte surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bella Chanyshev
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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431
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Reynolds F, Kelly KA. Techniques for molecular imaging probe design. Mol Imaging 2011; 10:407-419. [PMID: 22201532 PMCID: PMC3224676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging allows clinicians to visualize disease-specific molecules, thereby providing relevant information in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. With advances in genomics and proteomics and underlying mechanisms of disease pathology, the number of targets identified has significantly outpaced the number of developed molecular imaging probes. There has been a concerted effort to bridge this gap with multidisciplinary efforts in chemistry, proteomics, physics, material science, and biology--all essential to progress in molecular imaging probe development. In this review, we discuss target selection, screening techniques, and probe optimization with the aim of developing clinically relevant molecularly targeted imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Reynolds
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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432
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Radiolabeling of PAMAM dendrimers conjugated to a pyridine-N-oxide DOTA analog with 111In: Optimization of reaction conditions and biodistribution. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:505-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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433
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Lamanna G, Kueny-Stotz M, Mamlouk-Chaouachi H, Ghobril C, Basly B, Bertin A, Miladi I, Billotey C, Pourroy G, Begin-Colin S, Felder-Flesch D. Dendronized iron oxide nanoparticles for multimodal imaging. Biomaterials 2011; 32:8562-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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434
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Abstract
Molecular imaging allows clinicians to visualize disease-specific molecules, thereby providing relevant information in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. With advances in genomics and proteomics and underlying mechanisms of disease pathology, the number of targets identified has significantly outpaced the number of developed molecular imaging probes. There has been a concerted effort to bridge this gap with multidisciplinary efforts in chemistry, proteomics, physics, material science, and biology—all essential to progress in molecular imaging probe development. In this review, we discuss target selection, screening techniques, and probe optimization with the aim of developing clinically relevant molecularly targeted imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Reynolds
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. Reprints not available
| | - Kimberly A. Kelly
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. Reprints not available
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435
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Wang M, Gong X, Hu J, Yu Y, Chen Q, Cheng Y. Understanding the Binding Interactions between Dendrimer and 18 Common Amino Acids by NMR Techniques. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:12728-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp207817f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P.R.China,
| | - Xiaoliang Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic
Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P.R.China,
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026,
P.R.China
| | - Yihua Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic
Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P.R.China,
| | - Qun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic
Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P.R.China,
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P.R.China,
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436
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Garimella PD, Datta A, Romanini DW, Raymond KN, Francis MB. Multivalent, high-relaxivity MRI contrast agents using rigid cysteine-reactive gadolinium complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:14704-9. [PMID: 21800868 PMCID: PMC3188312 DOI: 10.1021/ja204516p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
MRI contrast agents providing very high relaxivity values can be obtained through the attachment of multiple gadolinium(III) complexes to the interior surfaces of genome-free viral capsids. In previous studies, the contrast enhancement was predicted to depend on the rigidity of the linker attaching the MRI agents to the protein surface. To test this hypothesis, a new set of Gd-hydroxypyridonate based MRI agents was prepared and attached to genetically introduced cysteine residues through flexible and rigid linkers. Greater contrast enhancements were seen for MRI agents that were attached via rigid linkers, validating the design concept and outlining a path for future improvements of nanoscale MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveena D. Garimella
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Ankona Datta
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Dante W. Romanini
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Kenneth N. Raymond
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Matthew B. Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
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437
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Schlick KH, Morgan JR, Weiel JJ, Kelsey MS, Cloninger MJ. Clusters of ligands on dendrimer surfaces. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5078-83. [PMID: 21524579 PMCID: PMC3156387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of methodology that is designed to allow a significant increase in the patterning and in the functionalization of the dendrimer is the ultimate goal of the research described here. Glycoside clusters based on TRIS were formed using click chemistry and were attached to PAMAM dendrimers. A series of dendrimers bearing tris-mannoside and an ethoxyethanol group was synthesized, and the binding interactions of these dendrimers with Concanavalin A were evaluated using inhibition ELISAs. The results of the inhibition ELISAs suggest that tris-mannoside clusters can replace individual sugars on the dendrimer without loss of function. Since tris-mannoside clustering allows for a redistribution of the dendrimers' surface functionalities, from this chemistry one can envision patterned dendrimers that incorporate multiple groups to increase the function and utility of the dendrimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian H. Schlick
- Montana State University, 103 Chemistry & Biochemistry Building, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Joel R. Morgan
- Montana State University, 103 Chemistry & Biochemistry Building, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Julianna J. Weiel
- Montana State University, 103 Chemistry & Biochemistry Building, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Melissa S. Kelsey
- Montana State University, 103 Chemistry & Biochemistry Building, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Mary J. Cloninger
- Montana State University, 103 Chemistry & Biochemistry Building, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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438
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Ai H. Layer-by-layer capsules for magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:772-88. [PMID: 21554908 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembled polyelectrolyte capsules have demonstrated their unique advantages and capability in drug delivery applications. These ordered micro/nano-structures are also promising candidates as imaging contrast agents for diagnostic and theranostic applications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), one of the most powerful clinical imaging modalities, is moving forward to the molecular imaging field and requires the availability of advanced imaging probes. In this review, we are focusing on the design of MRI visible LbL capsules, which incorporate either paramagnetic metal-ligand complexes or superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles. The design criteria cover the topics of probe sensitivity, biosafety, long-circulation property, targeting ligand decoration, and drug loading strategies. Examples of MRI visible LbL capsules with paramagnetic or superparamagnetic moieties were given and discussed. This carrier platform can also be chosen for other imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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439
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Wu SH, Lin CY, Hung Y, Chen W, Chang C, Mou CY. PEGylated silica nanoparticles encapsulating multiple magnetite nanocrystals for high-performance microscopic magnetic resonance angiography. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 99:81-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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440
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Verwilst P, Eliseeva SV, Carron S, Vander Elst L, Burtea C, Dehaen G, Laurent S, Binnemans K, Muller RN, Parac-Vogt TN, De Borggraeve WM. A Modular Approach towards the Synthesis of Target-Specific MRI Contrast Agents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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441
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Fernández-Trillo F, Pacheco-Torres J, Correa J, Ballesteros P, Lopez-Larrubia P, Cerdán S, Riguera R, Fernandez-Megia E. Dendritic MRI Contrast Agents: An Efficient Prelabeling Approach Based on CuAAC. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:2902-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bm2004466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Fernández-Trillo
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Juan Correa
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Sebastián Cerdán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Riguera
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fernandez-Megia
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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442
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Abstract
A number of medical imaging techniques are used heavily in the provision of spatially resolved information on disease and physiological status and accordingly play a critical role in clinical diagnostics and subsequent treatment. Though, for most imaging modes, contrast is potentially enhanced through the use of contrast agents or improved hardware or imaging protocols, no single methodology provides, in isolation, a detailed mapping of anatomy, disease markers or physiological status. In recent years, the concept of complementing the strengths of one imaging modality with those of another has come to the fore and been further bolstered by the development of fused instruments such as PET/CT and PET/MRI stations. Coupled with the continual development in imaging hardware has been a surge in reports of contrast agents bearing multiple functionality, potentially providing not only a powerful and highly sensitised means of co-localising physiological/disease status and anatomy, but also the tracking and delineation of multiple markers and indeed subsequent or simultaneous highly localized therapy ("theragnostics").
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yen Huang
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
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443
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Grogna M, Cloots R, Luxen A, Jérôme C, Passirani C, Lautram N, Desreux JF, Detrembleur C. Convenient grafting through approach for the preparation of stealth polymeric blood pool magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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444
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Li X, Qian Y, Liu T, Hu X, Zhang G, You Y, Liu S. Amphiphilic multiarm star block copolymer-based multifunctional unimolecular micelles for cancer targeted drug delivery and MR imaging. Biomaterials 2011; 32:6595-605. [PMID: 21663960 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of multifunctional polymeric unimolecular micelles as an integrated platform for cancer targeted drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Starting from a fractionated fourth-generation hyperbranched polyester (Boltorn H40), the ring-opening polymerization of ɛ-caprolactone (CL) from the periphery of H40 and subsequent terminal group esterification with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide afforded star copolymer-based atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) macroinitiator, H40-PCL-Br. Well-defined multiarm star block copolymers, H40-PCL-b-P(OEGMA-co-AzPMA), were then synthesized by the ATRP of oligo(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) and 3-azidopropyl methacrylate (AzPMA). This was followed by the click reaction of H40-PCL-b-P(OEGMA-co-AzPMA) with alkynyl-functionalized cancer cell-targeting moieties, alkynyl-folate, and T(1)-type MRI contrast agents, alkynyl-DOTA-Gd (DOTA is 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakisacetic acid), affording H40-PCL-b-P(OEGMA-Gd-FA). In aqueous solution, the amphiphilic multiarm star block copolymer exists as structurally stable unimolecular micelles possessing a hyperbranched polyester core, a hydrophobic PCL inner layer, and a hydrophilic P(OEGMA-Gd-FA) outer corona. H40-PCL-b-P(OEGMA-Gd-FA) unimolecular micelles are capable of encapsulating paclitaxel, a well-known hydrophobic anticancer drug, with a loading content of 6.67 w/w% and exhibiting controlled release of up to 80% loaded drug over a time period of ∼120 h. In vitro MRI experiments demonstrated considerably enhanced T(1) relaxivity (18.14 s(-1) mM(-1)) for unimolecular micelles compared to 3.12 s(-1) mM(-1) for that of the small molecule counterpart, alkynyl-DOTA-Gd. Further experiments of in vivo MR imaging in rats revealed good accumulation of unimolecular micelles within rat liver and kidney, prominent positive contrast enhancement, and relatively long duration of blood circulation. The reported unimolecular micelles-based structurally stable nanocarriers synergistically integrated with cancer targeted drug delivery and controlled release and MR imaging functions augur well for their potential applications as theranostic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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445
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Inorganic-organic hybrid nanomaterials for therapeutic and diagnostic imaging applications. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:3888-927. [PMID: 21747714 PMCID: PMC3131598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12063888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers outstanding potential for future biomedical applications. In particular, due to their unique characteristics, hybrid nanomaterials have recently been investigated as promising platforms for imaging and therapeutic applications. This class of nanoparticles can not only retain valuable features of both inorganic and organic moieties, but also provides the ability to systematically modify the properties of the hybrid material through the combination of functional elements. Moreover, the conjugation of targeting moieties on the surface of these nanomaterials gives them specific targeted imaging and therapeutic properties. In this review, we summarize the recent reports in the synthesis of hybrid nanomaterials and their applications in biomedical areas. Their applications as imaging and therapeutic agents in vivo will be highlighted.
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446
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Folate-targeted optical and magnetic resonance dualmodality PCL-b-PEG micelles for tumor imaging. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-011-1057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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447
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Olankitwanit A, Kathirvelu V, Rajca S, Eaton GR, Eaton SS, Rajca A. Calix[4]arene nitroxide tetraradical and octaradical. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:6443-5. [PMID: 21541435 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11172h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Alternate calix[4]arene with para-phenylene spacers connecting nitroxide monoradicals and high-spin (S = 1) diradicals provides tetraradical and octaradical scaffolds that possess conformations with slow electron spin relaxation rates (1/T(1)). Such scaffolds may facilitate tuning of relaxation rates that are more favorable for MRI or DNP applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnon Olankitwanit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, USA
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448
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Sebby KB, Walter ED, Usselman RJ, Cloninger MJ, Singel DJ. End-group distributions of multiple generations of spin-labeled PAMAM dendrimers. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:4613-20. [PMID: 21469686 PMCID: PMC3424105 DOI: 10.1021/jp112390d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are attractive templates to display functional molecular components. Since the behavior of dendrimer systems can depend greatly on the accessibility of these molecular components to the external environment, and on the spatial arrangement of functional groups attached to the dendrimer terminal branches (end-groups), techniques to determine the locations of end-groups are highly desirable. In this report, we describe a method to analyze the EPR spectra of multiple generations of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers which have spin-labels attached to end-groups in variable percentages of the total number of available sites. The spectra are treated as a convolution of a narrow spin-label spectrum and a variable line broadening function. Trends in the parameters that describe the best-fit line broadening function with spin-label loading reveal the spatial arrangements and homogeneity of spin environments of the labels. We observe a shift in the end-group distribution from generation 3 (G(3)) to G(4) dendrimers that indicates a change in morphology from an open, extended structure to a more dense, compact arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl B Sebby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States.
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449
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Barreto JA, O'Malley W, Kubeil M, Graham B, Stephan H, Spiccia L. Nanomaterials: applications in cancer imaging and therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:H18-40. [PMID: 21433100 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanomaterials (NMs) in biomedicine is increasing rapidly and offers excellent prospects for the development of new non-invasive strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In this review, we provide a brief description of cancer pathology and the characteristics that are important for tumor-targeted NM design, followed by an overview of the different types of NMs explored to date, covering synthetic aspects and approaches explored for their application in unimodal and multimodal imaging, diagnosis and therapy. Significant synthetic advances now allow for the preparation of NMs with highly controlled geometry, surface charge, physicochemical properties, and the decoration of their surfaces with polymers and bioactive molecules in order to improve biocompatibility and to achieve active targeting. This is stimulating the development of a diverse range of nanometer-sized objects that can recognize cancer tissue, enabling visualization of tumors, delivery of anti-cancer drugs and/or the destruction of tumors by different therapeutic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Barreto
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton, VIC, Australia
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450
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Besenius P, van den Hout KP, Albers HMHG, de Greef TFA, Olijve LLC, Hermans TM, de Waal BFM, Bomans PHH, Sommerdijk NAJM, Portale G, Palmans ARA, van Genderen MHP, Vekemans JAJM, Meijer EW. Controlled Supramolecular Oligomerization of C3-Symmetrical Molecules in Water: The Impact of Hydrophobic Shielding. Chemistry 2011; 17:5193-203. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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