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401
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Kaplan A, Bekkerman A, Tsipinyuk B, Kolodney E. The formation and ejection of endohedral Cs@C60+ by low energy collisions (35–220 eV) of Cs+ ions with surface adsorbed C60 molecules. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1491898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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402
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Park JM, Tarakeshwar P, Kim KS, Clark T. Nature of the interaction of paramagnetic atoms (A=4N,4P,3O,3S) with π systems and C60: A theoretical investigation of A⋅⋅⋅C6H6 and endohedral fullerenes A@C60. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1479135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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403
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Reinke P, Oelhafen P. Surface modification of C60 by ion irradiation studied with photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1476320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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404
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Li G, Zhang X, Tang Z, Gao Z. Theoretical studies on the structure of the endohedral CoGe10− cluster anion. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)00736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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405
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Goldoni A, Cepek C, Larciprete R, Sangaletti L, Pagliara S, Floreano L, Gotter R, Verdini A, Morgante A, Luo Y, Nyberg M. C70 adsorbed on Cu(111): Metallic character and molecular orientation. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1467346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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406
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Moran D, Stahl F, Jemmis ED, Schaefer HF, Schleyer PVR. Structures, Stabilities, and Ionization Potentials of Dodecahedrane Endohedral Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp014471z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damian Moran
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India, and the Computer Chemistry Center, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Stahl
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India, and the Computer Chemistry Center, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eluvathingal D. Jemmis
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India, and the Computer Chemistry Center, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India, and the Computer Chemistry Center, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul von R. Schleyer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India, and the Computer Chemistry Center, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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407
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Ohara M, Nakamura Y, Negishi Y, Miyajima K, Nakajima A, Kaya K. Behavior of Silicon and Germanium Clusters on a C60 Fullerene. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013420z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ohara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Y. Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Y. Negishi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - K. Miyajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - A. Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - K. Kaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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408
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Lee HM, Olmstead MM, Iezzi E, Duchamp JC, Dorn HC, Balch AL. Crystallographic characterization and structural analysis of the first organic functionalization product of the endohedral fullerene Sc(3)N@C(80). J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:3494-5. [PMID: 11929224 DOI: 10.1021/ja020065x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structure of Sc3N@C80-C10H12O2, a Diels-Alder cycloadduct of Sc3N@C80, has been determined. The crystallographic data shows that cycloaddition occurs at a C-C bond of 6:5 ring junction, and that the fullerene C1-C2 bond is elongated and pulled out from the fullerene. The Sc3N unit is well-ordered within the C80 cage and positioned away from the site of addition. The proximity of the Sc atoms to the cage carbon atoms causes those carbon atoms to protrude slightly from the surface of the fullerene cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon Man Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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409
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410
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411
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Kobayashi K, Nagase S. Structures and Electronic Properties of Endohedral Metallofullerenes; Theory and Experiment. ENDOFULLERENES 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9938-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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412
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Kong Q, Shen Y, Zhao L, Zhuang J, Qian S, Li Y, Lin Y, Cai R. Formation of various types of metallofullerenes by laser ablation of externally doped fullerenes C[sub 60]M[sub x] (M=Sm, Pt, Ni, La, Y, and Rh). J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1424313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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413
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Shi BR, Wang XS, Huang H, Yang SH, Heiland W, Cue N. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Endohedral Metallofullerene Tb@C82 on C60 Film and Si(100) 2 × 1 Surface. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0117112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Rong Shi
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China, Department of Physics, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, P. R. China, and FB Physik, Universität Osnabrück, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Xue-Sen Wang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China, Department of Physics, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, P. R. China, and FB Physik, Universität Osnabrück, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Houjin Huang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China, Department of Physics, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, P. R. China, and FB Physik, Universität Osnabrück, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Shi-He Yang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China, Department of Physics, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, P. R. China, and FB Physik, Universität Osnabrück, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Wener Heiland
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China, Department of Physics, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, P. R. China, and FB Physik, Universität Osnabrück, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Nelson Cue
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China, Department of Physics, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, P. R. China, and FB Physik, Universität Osnabrück, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany
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414
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Caraiman D, Koyanagi GK, Scott LT, Preda DV, Bohme DK. Fullerometallic ion chemistry: reactions of C(60)Fe+ and C(20)H(10)Fe+ in the gas phase. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:8573-82. [PMID: 11525665 DOI: 10.1021/ja0104857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fe+ has been attached to buckminsterfullerene, C(60), and corannulene, C(20)H(10), in the gas phase, and the reactivities of C(60)Fe+ and C(20)H(10)Fe+ have been measured with several small inorganic and organic molecules in helium bath gas at 0.35 Torr using a selected-ion flow tube (SIFT) mass spectrometer. Comparisons with measured reactivities of the bare Fe+ ion indicate that the presence of C(60) and C(20)H(10) leads to enhancements in reactivity at room temperature of up to 5 orders of magnitude. Ligation was the only chemistry observed with D(2), N(2), CO(2), CH(4), C(2)H(2), C(2)H(4), SO(2), C(6)D(6), NH(3), H(2)O, and CO, but other channels were observed to compete with adduct formation in the reactions with N(2)O and O(2). The number of molecules sequentially ligated to the ion was different: up to five molecules of ligand added sequentially to Fe+, up to four molecules of ligand were observed to attach to C(60)Fe+, while only up to three molecules added to C(20)H(10)Fe+. C(60)+ and C(20)H(10)+ were observed to be unreactive toward the same ligands. The kinetic results show the influence of carbonaceous surfaces on metal ion reactivity and are interpreted in terms of the nature of the coordination of Fe+ to the carbonaceous surface. Catalytic effects of the carbonaceous surfaces were identified for the reactions with N(2)O and O(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Caraiman
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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415
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LU JING, ZHOU YUNSONG, ZHANG XINWEI, ZHAO XIANGENG. Structural and electronic properties of endohedral phosphorus fullerene P@C60: an off-centre displacement of P inside the cage. Mol Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970110048365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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416
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Lu J, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhao X. Structural and electronic properties of endohedral and exohedral complexes of silicon with C60. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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417
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Kong Q, Shen Y, Xu J, Zhao L, Zhuang J, Qian S, Li Y, Li X, Lin Y, Cai R. Formation of metallofullerenes from laser ablation of lanthanum- and yttrium-containing C60 materials. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00531-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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418
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Olmstead MM, de Bettencourt-Dias A, Duchamp JC, Stevenson S, Marciu D, Dorn HC, Balch AL. Isolierung und strukturelle Charakterisierung des endohedralen Fullerens Sc3N@C78. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010401)113:7<1263::aid-ange1263>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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419
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Olmstead MM, de Bettencourt-Dias A, Duchamp JC, Stevenson S, Marciu D, Dorn HC, Balch AL. Isolation and Structural Characterization of the Endohedral Fullerene Sc3N@C78. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010401)40:7<1223::aid-anie1223>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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420
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421
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422
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Olmstead MM, de Bettencourt-Dias A, Duchamp JC, Stevenson S, Dorn HC, Balch AL. Isolation and Crystallographic Characterization of ErSc2N@C80: an Endohedral Fullerene Which Crystallizes with Remarkable Internal Order. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja001984v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn M. Olmstead
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616 and the Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Ana de Bettencourt-Dias
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616 and the Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - J. C. Duchamp
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616 and the Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - S. Stevenson
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616 and the Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Harry C. Dorn
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616 and the Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Alan L. Balch
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616 and the Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
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423
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Đerić AJ, Veljković MV, Nešković OM, Miletić MB, Zmbov KF. Surface Ionization Mass Spectrometric Studies of the Li/C60System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/10641220009351426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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424
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Dai D, Roszak S, Balasubramanian K. Electronic Structures of Niobium Carbides: NbCn (n = 3−8). J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001412x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dingguo Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA, and Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50−370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - S. Roszak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA, and Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50−370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - K. Balasubramanian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA, and Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50−370 Wroclaw, Poland
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425
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426
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Akasaka T, Wakahara T, Nagase S, Kobayashi K, Waelchli M, Yamamoto K, Kondo M, Shirakura S, Okubo S, Maeda Y, Kato T, Kako M, Nakadaira Y, Nagahata R, Gao X, Van Caemelbecke E, Kadish KM. La@C82 Anion. An Unusually Stable Metallofullerene. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja001586s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Akasaka
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan Bruker Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1100, Japan Department of Chemistry The University of Electro-Communications Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan National Institute of
| | - Takatsugu Wakahara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan Bruker Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1100, Japan Department of Chemistry The University of Electro-Communications Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan National Institute of
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan Bruker Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1100, Japan Department of Chemistry The University of Electro-Communications Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan National Institute of
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan Bruker Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1100, Japan Department of Chemistry The University of Electro-Communications Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan National Institute of
| | - Markus Waelchli
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan Bruker Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1100, Japan Department of Chemistry The University of Electro-Communications Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan National Institute of
| | - Kazunori Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan Bruker Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1100, Japan Department of Chemistry The University of Electro-Communications Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan National Institute of
| | - Masahiro Kondo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan Bruker Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1100, Japan Department of Chemistry The University of Electro-Communications Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan National Institute of
| | - Shingo Shirakura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan Bruker Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1100, Japan Department of Chemistry The University of Electro-Communications Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan National Institute of
| | - Shingo Okubo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan Bruker Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1100, Japan Department of Chemistry The University of Electro-Communications Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan National Institute of
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan Bruker Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1100, Japan Department of Chemistry The University of Electro-Communications Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan National Institute of
| | - Tatsuhisa Kato
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan Bruker Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1100, Japan Department of Chemistry The University of Electro-Communications Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan National Institute of
| | - Masahiro Kako
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan Bruker Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1100, Japan Department of Chemistry The University of Electro-Communications Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan National Institute of
| | - Yasuhiro Nakadaira
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan Bruker Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1100, Japan Department of Chemistry The University of Electro-Communications Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan National Institute of
| | - Ritsuko Nagahata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan Bruker Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1100, Japan Department of Chemistry The University of Electro-Communications Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan National Institute of
| | - Xiang Gao
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan Bruker Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1100, Japan Department of Chemistry The University of Electro-Communications Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan National Institute of
| | - Eric Van Caemelbecke
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan Bruker Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1100, Japan Department of Chemistry The University of Electro-Communications Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan National Institute of
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan Bruker Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1100, Japan Department of Chemistry The University of Electro-Communications Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan National Institute of
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427
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Cao B, Peres T, Cross, RJ, Saunders M, Lifshitz C. Do Nitrogen-Atom-Containing Endohedral Fullerenes Undergo the Shrink-Wrap Mechanism? J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001359c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baopeng Cao
- Department of Physical Chemistry and The Farkas Center for Light Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Tikva Peres
- Department of Physical Chemistry and The Farkas Center for Light Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - R. James Cross,
- Department of Physical Chemistry and The Farkas Center for Light Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Martin Saunders
- Department of Physical Chemistry and The Farkas Center for Light Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Chava Lifshitz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and The Farkas Center for Light Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
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428
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Stackow R, Schick G, Jarrosson T, Rubin Y, Foote CS. Photophysics of Open C60Derivatives. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001358k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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429
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Greer J. The atomic nature of endohedrally encapsulated nitrogen N@C60 studied by density functional and Hartree-Fock methods. Chem Phys Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(00)00839-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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430
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Klingeler R, Bechthold PS, Neeb M, Eberhardt W. Mass spectra of metal-doped carbon and fullerene clusters. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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431
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Ohta H, Saito Y, Nagae N, Pesek JJ, Matyska MT, Jinno K. Fullerenes separation with monomeric type C30 stationary phase in high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2000; 883:55-66. [PMID: 10910200 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The temperature effect on the separation of fullerenes in LC was examined using monomeric type C30, C18 and C8 alkyl bonded stationary phases. It appears that the C30 phase exhibits superior separation ability for fullerenes. It is observed that the maximum retention temperature of fullerenes on the C30 phase is around 20 degrees C. A strong correlation between the changes in NMR spectra and the retention behavior of the solutes was found. The interpretation of the retention behavior of fullerenes on the alkyl bonded stationary phases, including the behavior in subambient temperature, is discussed using the information obtained by CP-MAS solid-state NMR spectroscopy and LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohta
- School of Materials Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan
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432
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Rohmund F, Bulgakov A, Hedén M, Lassesson A, Campbell E. Photoionisation and photofragmentation of Li@C60. Chem Phys Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(00)00443-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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433
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Dai D, Roszak S, Balasubramanian K. Electronic States and Potential Energy Surfaces of NbC2. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0002749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dingguo Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604 and Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - S. Roszak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604 and Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - K. Balasubramanian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604 and Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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434
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Balasubramanian K. Spectroscopic constants and potential energy curves of tungsten carbide. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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435
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436
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingguo Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604
| | - K. Balasubramanian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604
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437
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438
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Nagao S, Negishi Y, Kato A, Nakamura Y, Nakajima A, Kaya K. Pyramidal Structures of Lanthanide−C60 Clusters (Lnn(C60)m: Ln = Eu and Ho). J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp992630x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nagao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Akiko Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Koji Kaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
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439
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Billas IML, Massobrio C, Boero M, Parrinello M, Branz W, Tast F, Malinowski N, Heinebrodt M, Martin TP. First principles calculations of Si doped fullerenes: Structural and electronic localization properties in C59Si and C58Si2. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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440
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Zhang R, Achiba Y, Fisher KJ, Gadd GE, Hopwood FG, Ishigaki T, Smith DR, Suzuki S, Willett GD. Laser Ablation Mass Spectrometry of Pyrolyzed Koppers Coal-Tar Pitch: A Precursor for Fullerenes and Metallofullerenes. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9910791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Private Mailbag 1, Menai NSW 2234, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-03, Japan
| | - Yohji Achiba
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Private Mailbag 1, Menai NSW 2234, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-03, Japan
| | - Keith J. Fisher
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Private Mailbag 1, Menai NSW 2234, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-03, Japan
| | - Gerard E. Gadd
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Private Mailbag 1, Menai NSW 2234, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-03, Japan
| | - Femia G. Hopwood
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Private Mailbag 1, Menai NSW 2234, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-03, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Ishigaki
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Private Mailbag 1, Menai NSW 2234, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-03, Japan
| | - Derek R. Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Private Mailbag 1, Menai NSW 2234, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-03, Japan
| | - Shinzo Suzuki
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Private Mailbag 1, Menai NSW 2234, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-03, Japan
| | - Gary D. Willett
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Private Mailbag 1, Menai NSW 2234, Australia, and Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-03, Japan
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441
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442
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Allen K, Hellman F. Specific heat of endohedral and higher fullerene thin films. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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443
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444
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445
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446
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Shvartsburg AA, Hudgins RR, Gutierrez R, Jungnickel G, Frauenheim T, Jackson KA, Jarrold MF. Ball-and-Chain Dimers from a Hot Fullerene Plasma. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9906379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A. Shvartsburg
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany, Theoretische Physik, Universität−GH Paderborn, D-33098, Germany, and Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859
| | - Robert R. Hudgins
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany, Theoretische Physik, Universität−GH Paderborn, D-33098, Germany, and Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859
| | - Rafael Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany, Theoretische Physik, Universität−GH Paderborn, D-33098, Germany, and Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859
| | - Gerd Jungnickel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany, Theoretische Physik, Universität−GH Paderborn, D-33098, Germany, and Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany, Theoretische Physik, Universität−GH Paderborn, D-33098, Germany, and Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859
| | - Koblar A. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany, Theoretische Physik, Universität−GH Paderborn, D-33098, Germany, and Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859
| | - Martin F. Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany, Theoretische Physik, Universität−GH Paderborn, D-33098, Germany, and Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859
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447
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Cagle DW, Kennel SJ, Mirzadeh S, Alford JM, Wilson LJ. In vivo studies of fullerene-based materials using endohedral metallofullerene radiotracers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:5182-7. [PMID: 10220440 PMCID: PMC21838 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.9.5182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodistribution studies of a water-soluble radioactive metallofullerene compound have been conducted using BALB/c mice. To this end, a sample containing Hox@C82 (x = 1, 2) was purified and derivatized to prepare the water-soluble metallofullerol, Hox@C82(OH)y. This metallofullerol was then neutron-activated (165Ho[n,gamma]166Ho) to prepare the 166Hox@C82(OH)y analog as a radiotracer, which was monitored, after intravenous administration, for up to 48 hours by using dissection radioanalysis, and its biodistribution was compared with a control compound, Na2[166Ho(DTPA)(H2O)]. Results showed selective localization of the 166Hox@C82(OH)y tracer in the liver but with slow clearance, as well as uptake by bone without clearance. In contrast, excretion of the control compound was nearly quantitative after 1 hour. The fate of 166Ho was also explored by a metabolism study of 166Hox@C82(OH)y in Fischer rats. Results indicated 20% excretion of intact 166Hox@C82(OH)y within 5 days. The present findings demonstrate the feasibility of using water-solubilized metallofullerene radiotracers to monitor the fate of fullerene-based materials in animals, and suggest that water-solubilized fullerene materials, in general, may be useful components in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Cagle
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, M.S.-60, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251-1892, USA
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448
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The Higher Fullerenes: Covalent Chemistry and Chirality. FULLERENES AND RELATED STRUCTURES 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-68117-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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449
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Nanotubes: A Revolution in Materials Science and Electronics. FULLERENES AND RELATED STRUCTURES 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-68117-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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450
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Ring Opening Reactions of Fullerenes: Designed Approaches to Endohedral Metal Complexes. FULLERENES AND RELATED STRUCTURES 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-68117-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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