401
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Chen M, Yin J, Liang Y, Yuan S, Wang F, Song M, Wang H. Oxidative stress and immunotoxicity induced by graphene oxide in zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 174:54-60. [PMID: 26921726 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has been extensively explored as a promising nanomaterial for applications in biology because of its unique properties. Therefore, systematic investigation of GO toxicity is essential to determine its fate in the environment and potential adverse effects. In this study, acute toxicity, oxidative stress and immunotoxicity of GO were investigated in zebrafish. No obvious acute toxicity was observed when zebrafish were exposed to 1, 5, 10 or 50mg/L GO for 14 days. However, a number of cellular alterations were detected by histological analysis of the liver and intestine, including vacuolation, loose arrangement of cells, histolysis and disintegration of cell boundaries. As evidence for oxidative stress, malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were increased and glutathione content was decreased in the liver after treatment with GO. GO treatment induced an immune response in zebrafish, as demonstrated by increased expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1 β, and interleukin-6 in the spleen. Our findings demonstrated that GO administration in an aquatic system can cause oxidative stress and immune toxicity in adult zebrafish. To our knowledge, this is the first report of immune toxicity of GO in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Chen
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China
| | - Junfa Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China
| | - Shaopeng Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Fengbang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Maoyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China.
| | - Hailin Wang
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China
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402
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Le AT, Giang CD, Tam LT, Tuan TQ, Phan VN, Alonso J, Devkota J, Garaio E, García JÁ, Martín-Rodríguez R, Fdez-Gubieda ML, Srikanth H, Phan MH. Enhanced magnetic anisotropy and heating efficiency in multi-functional manganese ferrite/graphene oxide nanostructures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:155707. [PMID: 26933975 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/15/155707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A promising nanocomposite material composed of MnFe2O4 (MFO) nanoparticles of ∼17 nm diameter deposited onto graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets was successfully synthesized using a modified co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and selected area electron diffraction confirmed the quality of the synthesized samples. Fourier transform infrared measurements and analysis evidenced that the MFO nanoparticles were attached to the GO surface. Magnetic measurements and analysis using the modified Langevin model evidenced the superparamagnetic characteristic of both the bare MFO nanoparticles and the MFO-GO nanocomposite at room temperature, and an appreciable increase of the effective anisotropy for the MFO-GO sample. Magnetic hyperthermia experiments performed by both calorimetric and ac magnetometry methods indicated that relative to the bare MFO nanoparticles, the heating efficiency of the MFO-GO nanocomposite was similar at low ac fields (0-300 Oe) but became progressively larger with increasing ac fields (>300 Oe). This has been related to the higher effective anisotropy of the MFO-GO nanocomposite. In comparison with the bare MFO nanoparticles, a smaller reduction in the heating efficiency was observed in the MFO-GO composites when embedded in agar or when their concentration was increased, indicating that the GO helped minimize the physical rotation and aggregation of the MFO nanoparticles. These findings can be of practical importance in exploiting this type of nanocomposite for advanced hyperthermia. Magnetoimpedance-based biodetection studies also indicated that the MFO-GO nanocomposite could be used as a promising magnetic biomarker in biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Tuan Le
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology-DoNST, Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (AIST), Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), 01 Dai Co Viet Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
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403
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Zou Y, Wang X, Ai Y, Liu Y, Li J, Ji Y, Wang X. Coagulation Behavior of Graphene Oxide on Nanocrystallined Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxides: Batch Experimental and Theoretical Calculation Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:3658-3667. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Zou
- School
of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- School
of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxue Wang
- School
of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, 230031, P.R. China
| | - Yuejie Ai
- School
of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Yunhai Liu
- School
of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Li
- Key
Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, 230031, P.R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education
Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yongfei Ji
- Theoretical
Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 15, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiangke Wang
- School
of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- NAAM
Research
Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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404
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Zou Y, Wang X, Ai Y, Liu Y, Li J, Ji Y, Wang X. Coagulation Behavior of Graphene Oxide on Nanocrystallined Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxides: Batch Experimental and Theoretical Calculation Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:3658-3667. [PMID: 26978487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted considerable attention because of its remarkable enhanced adsorption and multifunctional properties. However, the toxic properties of GO nanosheets released into the environment could lead to the instability of biological system. In aqueous phase, GO may interact with fine mineral particles, such as chloridion intercalated nanocrystallined Mg/Al layered double hydroxides (LDH-Cl) and nanocrystallined Mg/Al LDHs (LDH-CO3), which are considered as coagulant molecules for the coagulation and removal of GO from aqueous solutions. Herein the coagulation of GO on LDHs were studied as a function of solution pH, ionic strength, contact time, temperature and coagulant concentration. The presence of LDH-Cl and LDH-CO3 improved the coagulation of GO in solution efficiently, which was mainly attributed to the surface oxygen-containing functional groups of LDH-Cl and LDH-CO3 occupying the binding sites of GO. The coagulation of GO by LDH-Cl and LDH-CO3 was strongly dependent on pH and ionic strength. Results of theoretical DFT calculations indicated that the coagulation of GO on LDHs was energetically favored by electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds, which was further evidenced by FTIR and XPS analysis. By integrating the experimental results, it was clear that LDH-Cl could be potentially used as a cost-effective coagulant for the elimination of GO from aqueous solutions, which could efficiently decrease the potential toxicity of GO in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Zou
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, East China Institute of Technology , Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxue Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science , P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, 230031, P.R. China
| | - Yuejie Ai
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Yunhai Liu
- School of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, East China Institute of Technology , Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science , P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, 230031, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Soochow University , 215123, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yongfei Ji
- Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology , Roslagstullsbacken 15, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiangke Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- NAAM Research Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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405
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Ren C, Hu X, Li X, Zhou Q. Ultra-trace graphene oxide in a water environment triggers Parkinson's disease-like symptoms and metabolic disturbance in zebrafish larvae. Biomaterials 2016; 93:83-94. [PMID: 27085073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the safety of nanomaterials has attracted attention due to their rapid development. The relevant health threat of these materials remains largely unknown, particularly at environmentally or biologically relevant ultra-trace concentrations. To address this, we first found that graphene oxide (GO, a carbon nanomaterial that receives extensive attention across various disciplines) at concentrations of 0.01 μg/L-1 μg/L induced Parkinson's disease-like symptoms in zebrafish larvae. In this model, zebrafish showed a loss of more than 90% of dopamine neurons, a 69-522% increase in Lewy bodies (α-synuclein and ubiquitin) and significantly disturbed locomotive activity. Moreover, it was also shown that GO was able to translocate from the water environment to the brain and localize to the nucleus of the diencephalon, thereby inducing structural and morphological damage in the mitochondria. Cell apoptosis and senescence were triggered via oxidative stress, as shown by the upregulation of caspase 8 and β-galactosidase. Using metabolomics, we found that the upregulation of amino acid and some fatty acids (e.g. dodecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecenoic acid, nonanoic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosanoic acid, propanoic acid and benzenedicarboxylic acid) metabolism and the downregulation of some other fatty acids (e.g. butanoic acid, phthalic acid and docosenoic acid) are linked to these Parkinson's disease-like symptoms. These findings broaden our understanding of nanomaterial safety at ultra-trace concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxiu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xueyan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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406
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Bikhof Torbati M, Ebrahimian M, Yousefi M, Shaabanzadeh M. GO-PEG as a drug nanocarrier and its antiproliferative effect on human cervical cancer cell line. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:568-573. [PMID: 27027552 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2016.1161641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The graphene oxide nanosheets can act as a nanocarrier for the delivery of therapeutic agents. The PEGylated GO has high solubility, good stability, and more biocompatibility in physiological solutions. In this study, the anticancer effects of synthesized GO-PEG as a drug nanocarrier evaluated to estimate the synergistic cytotoxic effect of drugs loaded on this type of nanocarrier and to determine the actual effect of any drugs encapsulated on it. The cytotoxic effects of GO-PEG nanosheets were evaluated on HeLa cell line by MTT assay. The results exhibited cytotoxic property of PEGylated GO drug nanocarrier significantly is dose dependent and incubation time dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bikhof Torbati
- a Department of Biology , College of science, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini(RAH) Shahr-e-rey Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Masoud Ebrahimian
- b Department of chemistry , College of science, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini(RAH) Shahr-e-rey Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousefi
- b Department of chemistry , College of science, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini(RAH) Shahr-e-rey Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Masoud Shaabanzadeh
- c Department of Chemistry , College of science, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University , Damghan , Iran
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407
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Patlolla AK, Randolph J, Kumari SA, Tchounwou PB. Toxicity Evaluation of Graphene Oxide in Kidneys of Sprague-Dawley Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:380. [PMID: 27043588 PMCID: PMC4847042 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13040380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, graphene and graphene-related materials have attracted a great deal of attention due their unique physical, chemical, and biocompatibility properties and to their applications in biotechnology and medicine. However, the reports on the potential toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) in biological systems are very few. The present study investigated the response of kidneys in male Sprague-Dawley rats following exposure to 0, 10, 20 and 40 mg/Kg GO for five days. The results showed that administration of GOs significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in a dose-dependent manner in the kidneys compared with control group. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were also significantly increased in rats intoxicated with GO compared with the control group. There was a significant elevation in the levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydro peroxide in GOs-treated rats compared to control animals. Histopathological evaluation showed significant morphological alterations of kidneys in GO-treated rats compared to controls. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that GO is nephrotoxic and its toxicity may be mediated through oxidative stress. In the present work, however, we only provided preliminary information on toxicity of GO in rats; further experimental verification and mechanistic elucidation are required before GO widely used for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K Patlolla
- NIH-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Jonathan Randolph
- CESTEME Program Teacher from Jackson Public School, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - S Anitha Kumari
- Osmania University College for Women, Hyderabad 500001, India.
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- NIH-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
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408
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Frost R, Svedhem S, Langhammer C, Kasemo B. Graphene Oxide and Lipid Membranes: Size-Dependent Interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2708-2717. [PMID: 26907859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the interaction of graphene oxide (GO) sheets with supported lipid membranes with focus on how the interaction depends on GO sheet size (three samples in the range of 90-5000 nm) and how it differs between small and large liposomes. The layer-by-layer assembly of these materials into multilamellar structures, as discovered in our previous research, is now further explored. The interaction processes were monitored by two complementary, real time, surface-sensitive analytical techniques: quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D, electroacoustic sensing) and indirect nanoplasmonic sensing (INPS, optical sensing). The results show that the sizes of each of the two components, graphene oxide and liposomes, are important parameters affecting the resulting multilayer structures. Spontaneous liposome rupture onto graphene oxide is obtained for large lateral dimensions of the graphene oxide sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickard Frost
- Department of Energy and Environment and ‡Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Svedhem
- Department of Energy and Environment and ‡Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department of Energy and Environment and ‡Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Kasemo
- Department of Energy and Environment and ‡Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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409
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Xu M, Zhu J, Wang F, Xiong Y, Wu Y, Wang Q, Weng J, Zhang Z, Chen W, Liu S. Improved In Vitro and In Vivo Biocompatibility of Graphene Oxide through Surface Modification: Poly(Acrylic Acid)-Functionalization is Superior to PEGylation. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3267-3281. [PMID: 26855010 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The unique physicochemical properties of two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) could greatly benefit the biomedical field; however, recent research demonstrated that GO could induce in vitro and in vivo toxicity. We determined the mechanism of GO induced toxicity, and our in vitro experiments revealed that pristine GO could impair cell membrane integrity and functions including regulation of membrane- and cytoskeleton-associated genes, membrane permeability, fluidity and ion channels. Furthermore, GO induced platelet depletion, pro-inflammatory response and pathological changes of lung and liver in mice. To improve the biocompatibility of pristine GO, we prepared a series of GO derivatives including aminated GO (GO-NH2), poly(acrylamide)-functionalized GO (GO-PAM), poly(acrylic acid)-functionalized GO (GO-PAA) and poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalized GO (GO-PEG), and compared their toxicity with pristine GO in vitro and in vivo. Among these GO derivatives, GO-PEG and GO-PAA induced less toxicity than pristine GO, and GO-PAA was the most biocompatible one in vitro and in vivo. The differences in biocompatibility were due to the differential compositions of protein corona, especially immunoglobulin G (IgG), formed on their surfaces that determine their cell membrane interaction and cellular uptake, the extent of platelet depletion in blood, thrombus formation under short-term exposure and the pro-inflammatory effects under long-term exposure. Overall, our combined data delineated the key molecular mechanisms underlying the in vivo and in vitro biological behaviors and toxicity of pristine GO, and identified a safer GO derivative that could be used for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology , Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Fanfan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunjing Xiong
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yakun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qiuquan Wang
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jian Weng
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology , Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
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410
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Dziewięcka M, Karpeta-Kaczmarek J, Augustyniak M, Majchrzycki Ł, Augustyniak-Jabłokow MA. Evaluation of in vivo graphene oxide toxicity for Acheta domesticus in relation to nanomaterial purity and time passed from the exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 305:30-40. [PMID: 26642444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and its oxidized form-graphene oxide (GO) have become exceptionally popular in industry and medicine due to their unique properties. However, there are suspicions that GO can cause adverse effects. Therefore, comprehensive knowledge on its potential toxicity is essential. This research assesses the in vivo toxicity of pure and manganese ion contaminated GO, which were injected into the hemolymph of Acheta domesticus. The activity of catalase (CAT) and gluthiathione peroxidases (GSTPx) as well as heat shock protein (HSP 70) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were measured at consecutive time points-1h, 24h, 48h and 72h after injection. Neither pure GO nor GO contaminated with manganese were neutral to the organism. The results proved the intensification of oxidative stress after GO injection, which was confirmed by increased enzyme activity. The organism seems to cope with this stress, especially in the first 24h after injection. In the following days, increasing HSP 70 levels were observed, which might suggest the synthesis of new proteins and the removal of old and damaged ones. With that in mind, the potential toxicity of the studied material, which could lead to serious and permanent damage to the organism, should still be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dziewięcka
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Julia Karpeta-Kaczmarek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Majchrzycki
- Institute of Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Nieszawska 13a, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; Wielkopolska Centre of Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
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411
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Mahmoudifard M, Soleimani M, Hatamie S, Zamanlui S, Ranjbarvan P, Vossoughi M, Hosseinzadeh S. The different fate of satellite cells on conductive composite electrospun nanofibers with graphene and graphene oxide nanosheets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:025006. [PMID: 26962722 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/2/025006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning of composite polymer solutions provides fantastic potential to prepare novel nanofibers for use in a variety of applications. The addition of graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets to bioactive polymers was found to enhance their conductivity and biocompatibility. Composite conductive nanofibers of polyaniline (PANI) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with G and GO nanosheets were prepared by an electrospinning process. The fabricated membranes were investigated by physical and chemical examinations including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and tensile assay. The muscle satellite cells enriched by a pre-plating technique were cultured in the following and their proliferation and differentiation behavior studied by MTT, Real-Time PCR assays and 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. The cultured cells on composite nanofibrous PAN/PANI-CSA/G confirmed a higher proliferation and differentiation value compared to other groups including PAN/PANI-CSA/GO and PAN/PANI-CSA scaffolds. Furthermore, the higher stiffness of the former scaffold showed a lower cell spreading as a function of stem cell activation into more proliferative cells. It is supposed that the enhanced conductivity value in addition to relative higher stiffness of the PAN/PANI-CSA/G composite nanofibers plays a favorable role for proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Mahmoudifard
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Department, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
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412
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Sasidharan A, Swaroop S, Chandran P, Nair S, Koyakutty M. Cellular and molecular mechanistic insight into the DNA-damaging potential of few-layer graphene in human primary endothelial cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1347-55. [PMID: 26970024 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite graphene being proposed for a multitude of biomedical applications, there is a dearth in the fundamental cellular and molecular level understanding of how few-layer graphene (FLG) interacts with human primary cells. Herein, using human primary umbilical vein endothelial cells as model of vascular transport, we investigated the basic mechanism underlying the biological behavior of graphene. Mechanistic toxicity studies using a battery of cell based assays revealed an organized oxidative stress paradigm involving cytosolic reactive oxygen stress, mitochondrial superoxide generation, lipid peroxidation, glutathione oxidation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, enhanced calcium efflux, all leading to cell death by apoptosis/necrosis. We further investigated the effect of graphene interactions using cDNA microarray analysis and identified potential adverse effects by down regulating key genes involved in DNA damage response and repair mechanisms. Single cell gel electrophoresis assay/Comet assay confirmed the DNA damaging potential of graphene towards human primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Sasidharan
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Siddharth Swaroop
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Parwathy Chandran
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Shantikumar Nair
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Manzoor Koyakutty
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin, Kerala, India.
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413
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Chatterjee N, Yang J, Choi J. Differential genotoxic and epigenotoxic effects of graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) in human bronchial epithelial cells. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 798-799:1-10. [PMID: 26994488 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The widespread applications of graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) raised the considerable concern over human health and environment. The cyto-genotoxic potentiality of GFNs has attracted much more attention, albeit the potential effects on the cellular epigenome remain largely unknown. The effects of GFNs on cellular genome were evaluated with single and double stranded DNA damage and DNA repair gene expressions while the effects on epigenome was accomplished by addressing the global DNA methylation and expression of DNA methylation machineries at non-cytotoxic to moderately cytotoxic doses in in vitro system. We used five different representatives of GFNs-pristine (GNP-Prist), carboxylated (GNP-COOH) and aminated (GNP-NH2) graphene nanoplatelets as well as single layer (SLGO) and few layer (FLGO) graphene oxide. The order of single stranded DNA damage was observed as GNP-Prist ≥ GNP-COOH>GNP-NH2≥FLGO>SLGO at 10mg/L and marked dose dependency was found in SLGO. The GFNs possibly caused genotoxicity by affecting nucleotide excision repair and non-homologus end joining repair systems. Besides, dose dependent increase in global DNA methylation (hypermethylation) were observed in SLGO/FLGO exposure and conversely, GNPs treatment caused hypomethylation following the order as GNP-COOH>GNP-NH2 ≥ GNP-Prist. The decrements of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT3B gene) and methyl-CpG binding domain protein (MBD1) genes were probably the cause of global hypomethylation induced by GNPs. Conversely, the de novo methylation through the up-regulation of DNMT3B and MBD1 genes gave rise to the global DNA hypermethylation in SLGO/FLGO treated cells. In general, the GFNs induced genotoxicity and alterations of global DNA methylation exhibited compounds type specificity with differential physico-chemical properties. Taken together, our study suggests that the GFNs could cause more subtle changes in gene expression programming by modulating DNA methylation status and this information would be helpful for their prospective use in biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Chatterjee
- School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea
| | - JiSu Yang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea.
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414
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de Luna LAV, de Moraes ACM, Consonni SR, Pereira CD, Cadore S, Giorgio S, Alves OL. Comparative in vitro toxicity of a graphene oxide-silver nanocomposite and the pristine counterparts toward macrophages. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:12. [PMID: 26912341 PMCID: PMC4765018 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graphene oxide (GO) is a highly oxidized graphene form with oxygen functional groups on its surface. GO is an excellent platform to support and stabilize silver nanoparticles (AgNP), which gives rise to the graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle (GOAg) nanocomposite. Understanding how this nanocomposite interacts with cells is a toxicological challenge of great importance for future biomedical applications, and macrophage cells can provide information concerning the biocompatibility of these nanomaterials. The cytotoxicity of the GOAg nanocomposite, pristine GO, and pristine AgNP was compared toward two representative murine macrophages: a tumoral lineage (J774) and peritoneal macrophages collected from Balb/c mouse. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by J774 macrophages was also monitored. We investigated the internalization of nanomaterials by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The quantification of internalized silver was carried out by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Nanomaterial stability in the cell media was investigated overtime by visual observation, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). RESULTS The GOAg nanocomposite was more toxic than pristine GO and pristine AgNP for both macrophages, and it significantly induced more ROS production compared to pristine AgNP. TEM analysis showed that GOAg was internalized by tumoral J774 macrophages. However, macrophages internalized approximately 60 % less GOAg than did pristine AgNP. The images also showed the degradation of nanocomposite inside cells. CONCLUSIONS Although the GOAg nanocomposite was less internalized by the macrophage cells, it was more toxic than the pristine counterparts and induced remarkable oxidative stress. Our findings strongly reveal a synergistic toxicity effect of the GOAg nanocomposite. The toxicity and fate of nanocomposites in cells are some of the major concerns in the development of novel biocompatible materials and must be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Augusto Visani de Luna
- Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry (LQES), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Leishmaniasis (Lableish), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| | | | - Sílvio Roberto Consonni
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Immunocytochemistry (LCI), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Catarinie Diniz Pereira
- Atomic Spectrometry Group (GEAtom), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Solange Cadore
- Atomic Spectrometry Group (GEAtom), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Selma Giorgio
- Laboratory of Leishmaniasis (Lableish), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Oswaldo Luiz Alves
- Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry (LQES), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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415
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Lehman SE, Morris AS, Mueller PS, Salem AK, Grassian VH, Larsen SC. Silica Nanoparticle-Generated ROS as a Predictor of Cellular Toxicity: Mechanistic Insights and Safety by Design. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2016; 3:56-66. [PMID: 26998307 PMCID: PMC4795909 DOI: 10.1039/c5en00179j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating toxicological responses of engineered nanomaterials such as silica nanoparticles is critical in assessing health risks and exposure limits. Biological assays can be used to evaluate cytotoxicity of individual materials, but specific nano-bio interactions-which govern its physiological response-cannot currently be predicted from materials characterization and physicochemical properties. Understanding the role of free radical generation from nanomaterial surfaces facilitates understanding of a potential toxicity mechanism and provides insight into how toxic effects can be assessed. Size-matched mesoporous and nonporous silica nanoparticles in aminopropyl-functionalized and native forms were investigated to analyze the effects of porosity and surface functionalization on the observed cytotoxicity. In vitro cell viability data in a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) provides a model for what might be observed in terms of cellular toxicity upon an environmental or industrial exposure to silica nanoparticles. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was implemented to study free radical species generated from the surface of these nanomaterials and the signal intensity was correlated with cellular toxicity. In addition, in vitro assay of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) matched well with both the EPR and cell viability data. Overall, spectroscopic and in vitro studies correlate well and implicate production of ROS from a surface-catalyzed reaction as a predictor of cellular toxicity. The data demonstrate that mesoporous materials are intrinsically less toxic than nonporous materials, and that surface functionalization can mitigate toxicity in nonporous materials by reducing free radical production. The broader implications are in terms of safety by design of nanomaterials, which can only be extracted by mechanistic studies such as the ones reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E. Lehman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Angie S. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Paul S. Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Aliasger K. Salem
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | | | - Sarah C. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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416
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Bartelmess J, Quinn SJ, Giordani S. Carbon nanomaterials: multi-functional agents for biomedical fluorescence and Raman imaging. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 44:4672-98. [PMID: 25406743 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00306c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbon based nanomaterials have emerged over the last few years as important agents for biomedical fluorescence and Raman imaging applications. These spectroscopic techniques utilize either fluorescently labelled carbon nanomaterials or the intrinsic photophysical properties of the carbon nanomaterial. In this review article we present the utilization and performance of several classes of carbon nanomaterials, namely carbon nanotubes, carbon nanohorns, carbon nanoonions, nanodiamonds and different graphene derivatives, which are currently employed for in vitro as well as in vivo imaging in biology and medicine. A variety of different approaches, imaging agents and techniques are examined and the specific properties of the various carbon based imaging agents are discussed. Some theranostic carbon nanomaterials, which combine diagnostic features (i.e. imaging) with cell specific targeting and therapeutic approaches (i.e. drug delivery or photothermal therapy), are also included in this overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bartelmess
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Nano Carbon Materials, Nanophysics Department, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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417
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Chen G, Roy I, Yang C, Prasad PN. Nanochemistry and Nanomedicine for Nanoparticle-based Diagnostics and Therapy. Chem Rev 2016; 116:2826-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1014] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanying Chen
- Institute
for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics and Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Indrajit Roy
- Institute
for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics and Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Chunhui Yang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Institute
for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics and Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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418
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Cruz SMA, Girão AF, Gonçalves G, Marques PAAP. Graphene: The Missing Piece for Cancer Diagnosis? SENSORS 2016; 16:s16010137. [PMID: 26805845 PMCID: PMC4732170 DOI: 10.3390/s16010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews recent advances in graphene-based biosensors development in order to obtain smaller and more portable devices with better performance for earlier cancer detection. In fact, the potential of Graphene for sensitive detection and chemical/biological free-label applications results from its exceptional physicochemical properties such as high electrical and thermal conductivity, aspect-ratio, optical transparency and remarkable mechanical and chemical stability. Herein we start by providing a general overview of the types of graphene and its derivatives, briefly describing the synthesis procedure and main properties. It follows the reference to different routes to engineer the graphene surface for sensing applications with organic biomolecules and nanoparticles for the development of advanced biosensing platforms able to detect/quantify the characteristic cancer biomolecules in biological fluids or overexpressed on cancerous cells surface with elevated sensitivity, selectivity and stability. We then describe the application of graphene in optical imaging methods such as photoluminescence and Raman imaging, electrochemical sensors for enzymatic biosensing, DNA sensing, and immunosensing. The bioquantification of cancer biomarkers and cells is finally discussed, particularly electrochemical methods such as voltammetry and amperometry which are generally adopted transducing techniques for the development of graphene based sensors for biosensing due to their simplicity, high sensitivity and low-cost. To close, we discuss the major challenges that graphene based biosensors must overcome in order to reach the necessary standards for the early detection of cancer biomarkers by providing reliable information about the patient disease stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M A Cruz
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal.
| | - André F Girão
- Nanoengineering Research Group, TEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - Gil Gonçalves
- Nanoengineering Research Group, TEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - Paula A A P Marques
- Nanoengineering Research Group, TEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
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419
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Patel SC, Lee S, Lalwani G, Suhrland C, Chowdhury SM, Sitharaman B. Graphene-based platforms for cancer therapeutics. Ther Deliv 2016; 7:101-16. [PMID: 26769305 PMCID: PMC4976992 DOI: 10.4155/tde.15.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene is a multifunctional carbon nanomaterial and could be utilized to develop platform technologies for cancer therapies. Its surface can be covalently and noncovalently functionalized with anticancer drugs and functional groups that target cancer cells and tissue to improve treatment efficacies. Furthermore, its physicochemical properties can be harnessed to facilitate stimulus responsive therapeutics and drug delivery. This review article summarizes the recent literature specifically focused on development of graphene technologies to treat cancer. We will focus on advances at the interface of graphene based drug/gene delivery, photothermal/photodynamic therapy and combinations of these techniques. We also discuss the current understanding in cytocompatibility and biocompatibility issues related to graphene formulations and their implications pertinent to clinical cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny C Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
| | - Stephen Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
| | - Gaurav Lalwani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
| | - Cassandra Suhrland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
| | | | - Balaji Sitharaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
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420
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Raju APA, Offerman SC, Gorgojo P, Vallés C, Bichenkova EV, Aojula HS, Vijayraghavan A, Young RJ, Novoselov KS, Kinloch IA, Clarke DJ. Dispersal of pristine graphene for biological studies. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12195k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we address the conflicting behaviour of different pristine graphene dispersions through their careful preparation and characterization in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. P. A. Raju
- School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - S. C. Offerman
- Manchester Pharmacy School
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - P. Gorgojo
- School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - C. Vallés
- School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | | | - H. S. Aojula
- Manchester Pharmacy School
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | | | - R. J. Young
- School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
- National Graphene Institute
| | - K. S. Novoselov
- National Graphene Institute
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy
| | - I. A. Kinloch
- School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
- National Graphene Institute
| | - D. J. Clarke
- Manchester Pharmacy School
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
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421
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Wang Y, Zhang B, Zhai G. The effect of incubation conditions on the hemolytic properties of unmodified graphene oxide with various concentrations. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13607a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hemolytic properties of graphene oxide (GO) were evaluated from the novel view of the incubation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- China
| | - Baomei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- China
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422
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Su WC, Ku BK, Kulkarni P, Cheng YS. Deposition of graphene nanomaterial aerosols in human upper airways. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2016; 13:48-59. [PMID: 26317666 PMCID: PMC4936781 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2015.1076162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanomaterials have attracted wide attention in recent years on their application to state-of-the-art technology due to their outstanding physical properties. On the other hand, the nanotoxicity of graphene materials also has rapidly become a serious concern especially in occupational health. Graphene naomaterials inevitably could become airborne in the workplace during manufacturing processes. The inhalation and subsequent deposition of graphene nanomaterial aerosols in the human respiratory tract could potentially result in adverse health effects to exposed workers. Therefore, investigating the deposition of graphene nanomaterial aerosols in the human airways is an indispensable component of an integral approach to graphene occupational health. For this reason, this study carried out a series of airway replica deposition experiments to obtain original experimental data for graphene aerosol airway deposition. In this study, graphene aerosols were generated, size classified, and delivered into human airway replicas (nasal and oral-to-lung airways). The deposition fraction and deposition efficiency of graphene aerosol in the airway replicas were obtained by a novel experimental approach. The experimental results acquired showed that the fractional deposition of graphene aerosols in airway sections studied were all less than 4%, and the deposition efficiency in each airway section was generally lower than 0.03. These results indicate that the majority of the graphene nanomaterial aerosols inhaled into the human respiratory tract could easily penetrate through the head airways as well as the upper part of the tracheobronchial airways and then transit down to the lower lung airways, where undesired biological responses might be induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chung Su
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Corresponding Author: Wei-Chung Su, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, Phone: 505-348-9571, Fax: 505-348-8567,
| | - Bon-Ki Ku
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Pramod Kulkarni
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yung Sung Cheng
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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423
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Abstract
The delivery of genetic materials into cells to elicit cellular response has been extensively studied by biomaterials scientists globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR
- (Agency for Science
- Technology and Research)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Tung-Chun Lee
- UCL Institute for Materials Discovery and Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - Qingqing Dou
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR
- (Agency for Science
- Technology and Research)
- Singapore 117602
| | - G. Roshan Deen
- Soft Materials Laboratory
- Natural Sciences and Science Education
- National Institute of Education
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637616 Singapore
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424
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Navya PN, Daima HK. Rational engineering of physicochemical properties of nanomaterials for biomedical applications with nanotoxicological perspectives. NANO CONVERGENCE 2016; 3:1. [PMID: 28191411 PMCID: PMC5271116 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-016-0064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Innovative engineered nanomaterials are at the leading edge of rapidly emerging fields of nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. Meticulous synthesis, unique physicochemical properties, manifestation of chemical or biological moieties on the surface of materials make engineered nanostructures suitable for a variety of biomedical applications. Besides, tailored nanomaterials exhibit entirely novel therapeutic applications with better functionality, sensitivity, efficiency and specificity due to their customized unique physicochemical and surface properties. Additionally, such designer made nanomaterials has potential to generate series of interactions with various biological entities including DNA, proteins, membranes, cells and organelles at nano-bio interface. These nano-bio interactions are driven by colloidal forces and predominantly depend on the dynamic physicochemical and surface properties of nanomaterials. Nevertheless, recent development and atomic scale tailoring of various physical, chemical and surface properties of nanomaterials is promising to dictate their interaction in anticipated manner with biological entities for biomedical applications. As a result, rationally designed nanomaterials are in extensive demand for bio-molecular detection and diagnostics, therapeutics, drug and gene delivery, fluorescent labelling, tissue engineering, biochemical sensing and other pharmaceuticals applications. However, toxicity and risk associated with engineered nanomaterials is rather unclear or not well understood; which is gaining considerable attention and the field of nanotoxicology is evolving promptly. Therefore, this review explores current knowledge of articulate engineering of nanomaterials for biomedical applications with special attention on potential toxicological perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. N. Navya
- Nano-Bio Interfacial Research Laboratory (NBIRL), Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, 572103 Karnataka India
| | - Hemant Kumar Daima
- Nano-Bio Interfacial Research Laboratory (NBIRL), Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, 572103 Karnataka India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303007 Rajasthan India
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425
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Gurunathan S. Cytotoxicity of graphene oxide nanoparticles on plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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426
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Hu Q, Jiao B, Shi X, Valle RP, Zuo YY, Hu G. Effects of graphene oxide nanosheets on the ultrastructure and biophysical properties of the pulmonary surfactant film. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:18025-9. [PMID: 26482703 PMCID: PMC4854527 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05401j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is the most common derivative of graphene and has been used in a large range of biomedical applications. Despite considerable progress in understanding its cytotoxicity, its potential inhalation toxicity is still largely unknown. As the pulmonary surfactant (PS) film is the first line of host defense, interaction with the PS film determines the fate of the inhaled nanomaterials and their potential toxicity. Using a coarse-grained molecular dynamics model, we reported, for the first time, a novel mechanism of toxicity caused by the inhaled GO nanosheets. Upon deposition, the GO nanosheets induce pores in the PS film and thus have adverse effects on the ultrastructure and biophysical properties of the PS film. Notably, the pores induced by GO nanosheets result in increasing the compressibility of the PS film, which is an important indication of surfactant inhibition. In vitro experiments have also been conducted to study the interactions between GO and animal-derived natural PS films, qualitatively confirming the simulation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Bao Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xinghua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Russell P Valle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
| | - Yi Y Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
| | - Guoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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427
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Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Activation as the Main Mechanisms Underlying Graphene Toxicity against Human Cancer Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:5851035. [PMID: 26649139 PMCID: PMC4662972 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5851035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to the development of nanotechnology graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials have attracted the most attention owing to their unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Graphene can be applied in many fields among which biomedical applications especially diagnostics, cancer therapy, and drug delivery have been arousing a lot of interest. Therefore it is essential to understand better the graphene-cell interactions, especially toxicity and underlying mechanisms for proper use and development. This review presents the recent knowledge concerning graphene cytotoxicity and influence on different cancer cell lines.
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428
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Liu S, Jiang W, Wu B, Yu J, Yu H, Zhang XX, Torres-Duarte C, Cherr GN. Low levels of graphene and graphene oxide inhibit cellular xenobiotic defense system mediated by efflux transporters. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:597-606. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1104739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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429
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Pieper H, Chercheja S, Eigler S, Halbig CE, Filipovic MR, Mokhir A. Toxizität von Graphenoxid: Endoperoxide als Ursache. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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430
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Pieper H, Chercheja S, Eigler S, Halbig CE, Filipovic MR, Mokhir A. Endoperoxides Revealed as Origin of the Toxicity of Graphene Oxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:405-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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431
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Ma J, Liu R, Wang X, Liu Q, Chen Y, Valle RP, Zuo YY, Xia T, Liu S. Crucial Role of Lateral Size for Graphene Oxide in Activating Macrophages and Stimulating Pro-inflammatory Responses in Cells and Animals. ACS NANO 2015; 9:10498-515. [PMID: 26389709 PMCID: PMC5522963 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is increasingly used in biomedical applications because it possesses not only the unique properties of graphene including large surface area and flexibility but also hydrophilicity and dispersibility in aqueous solutions. However, there are conflicting results on its biocompatibility and biosafety partially due to large variations in physicochemical properties of GO, and the role of these properties including lateral size in the biological or toxicological effects of GO is still unclear. In this study, we focused on the role of lateral size by preparing a panel of GO samples with differential lateral sizes using the same starting material. We found that, in comparison to its smaller counterpart, larger GO showed a stronger adsorption onto the plasma membrane with less phagocytosis, which elicited more robust interaction with toll-like receptors and more potent activation of NF-κB pathways. By contrast, smaller GO sheets were more likely taken up by cells. As a result, larger GO promoted greater M1 polarization, associated with enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of immune cells. The in vitro results correlated well with local and systemic inflammatory responses after GO administration into the abdominal cavity, lung, or bloodstream through the tail vein. Together, our study delineated the size-dependent M1 induction of macrophages and pro-inflammatory responses of GO in vitro and in vivo. Our data also unearthed the detailed mechanism underlying these effects: a size-dependent interaction between GO and the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yunan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Russell P. Valle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Yi Y. Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to (S. Liu) ; (T. Xia)
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Address correspondence to (S. Liu) ; (T. Xia)
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432
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Dudek I, Skoda M, Jarosz A, Szukiewicz D. The Molecular Influence of Graphene and Graphene Oxide on the Immune System Under In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 64:195-215. [PMID: 26502273 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and graphene oxide (GO), due to their physicochemical properties and biocompatibility, can be used as an innovative biomedical material in biodetection, drug distribution in the body, treating neoplasms, regenerative medicine, and in implant surgery. Research on the biomedical use of graphene and GO that has been carried out until now is very promising and shows that carbon nanomaterials present high biocompatibility. However, the intolerance of the immune system to graphene nanomaterials, however low, may in consequence make it impossible to use them in medicine. This paper shows the specific mechanism of the molecular influence of graphene and GO on macrophages and lymphocytes under in vitro and in vivo conditions and their practical application in medicine. Under in vitro conditions graphene and GO cause an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α, as a result of the activation of Toll-like receptors in macrophages. Graphene activates apoptosis in macrophages through the TGFbr/Smad/Bcl-2 pathway and also through JNK kinases that are stimulated by an increase of ROS in the cell or through a signal received by Smad proteins. Under in vivo conditions, graphene nanomaterials induce the development of the local inflammatory reaction and the development of granulomas in parenchymal organs. However, there is a huge discrepancy between the results obtained by different research groups, which requires a detailed analysis. In this work we decided to collect and analyze existing research and tried to explain the discrepancies. Understanding the precise mechanism of how this nanomaterial influences immune system cells allows estimating the potential influence of grapheme and GO on the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Dudek
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Skoda
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jarosz
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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433
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Sawosz E, Jaworski S, Kutwin M, Vadalasetty KP, Grodzik M, Wierzbicki M, Kurantowicz N, Strojny B, Hotowy A, Lipińska L, Jagiełło J, Chwalibog A. Graphene Functionalized with Arginine Decreases the Development of Glioblastoma Multiforme Tumor in a Gene-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25214-33. [PMID: 26512645 PMCID: PMC4632799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161025214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed that graphene had anticancer properties in experiments in vitro with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells and in tumors cultured in vivo. We hypothesized that the addition of arginine or proline to graphene solutions might counteract graphene agglomeration and increase the activity of graphene. Experiments were performed in vitro with GBM U87 cells and in vivo with GBM tumors cultured on chicken embryo chorioallantoic membranes. The measurements included cell morphology, mortality, viability, tumor morphology, histology, and gene expression. The cells and tumors were treated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and rGO functionalized with arginine (rGO + Arg) or proline (rGO + Pro). The results confirmed the anticancer effect of graphene on GBM cells and tumor tissue. After functionalization with amino acids, nanoparticles were distributed more specifically, and the flakes of graphene were less agglomerated. The molecule of rGO + Arg did not increase the expression of TP53 in comparison to rGO, but did not increase the expression of MDM2 or the MDM2/TP53 ratio in the tumor, suggesting that arginine may block MDM2 expression. The expression of NQO1, known to be a strong protector of p53 protein in tumor tissue, was greatly increased. The results indicate that the complex of rGO + Arg has potential in GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sawosz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Marta Kutwin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Krishna Prasad Vadalasetty
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark.
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Natalia Kurantowicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Barbara Strojny
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Anna Hotowy
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Ludwika Lipińska
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Joanna Jagiełło
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark.
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434
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Duan G, Kang SG, Tian X, Garate JA, Zhao L, Ge C, Zhou R. Protein corona mitigates the cytotoxicity of graphene oxide by reducing its physical interaction with cell membrane. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:15214-24. [PMID: 26315610 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01839k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Many recent studies have shown that the way nanoparticles interact with cells and biological molecules can vary greatly in the serum-containing or serum-free culture medium. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of how the so-called "protein corona" formed in serum medium affects nanoparticles' biological responses are still largely unresolved. Thus, it is critical to understand how absorbed proteins on the surfaces of nanoparticles alter their biological effects. In this work, we have demonstrated with both experimental and theoretical approaches that protein BSA coating can mitigate the cytotoxicity of graphene oxide (GO) by reducing its cell membrane penetration. Our cell viability and cellular uptake experiments showed that protein corona decreased cellular uptake of GO, thus significantly mitigating the potential cytotoxicity of GO. The electron microscopy images also confirmed that protein corona reduced the cellular morphological damage by limiting GO penetration into the cell membrane. Further molecular dynamics (MD) simulations validated the experimental results and revealed that the adsorbed BSA in effect weakened the interaction between the phospholipids and graphene surface due to a reduction of the available surface area plus an unfavorable steric effect, thus significantly reducing the graphene penetration and lipid bilayer damaging. These findings provide new insights into the underlying molecular mechanism of this important graphene protein corona interaction with cell membranes, and should have implications in future development of graphene-based biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Duan
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, SRMP and RAD-X, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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435
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Abstract
Graphene has attracted the attention of the entire scientific community due to its unique mechanical and electrochemical, electronic, biomaterial, and chemical properties. The water-soluble derivative of graphene, graphene oxide, is highly prized and continues to be intensely investigated by scientists around the world. This review seeks to provide an overview of the currents applications of graphene oxide in nanomedicine, focusing on delivery systems, tissue engineering, cancer therapies, imaging, and cytotoxicity, together with a short discussion on the difficulties and the trends for future research regarding this amazing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ying Wu
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnamsi, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnamsi, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hulme
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnamsi, Republic of Korea
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436
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López-Dolado E, González-Mayorga A, Portolés MT, Feito MJ, Ferrer ML, del Monte F, Gutiérrez MC, Serrano MC. Subacute Tissue Response to 3D Graphene Oxide Scaffolds Implanted in the Injured Rat Spinal Cord. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1861-8. [PMID: 26115359 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence and high sanitary costs of lesions affecting the central nervous system (CNS) at the spinal cord are encouraging experts in different fields to explore new avenues for neural repair. In this context, graphene and its derivatives are attracting significant attention, although their toxicity and performance in the CNS in vivo remains unclear. Here, the subacute tissue response to 3D flexible and porous scaffolds composed of partially reduced graphene oxide is investigated when implanted in the injured rat spinal cord. The interest of these structures as potentially useful platforms for CNS regeneration mainly relies on their mechanical compliance with neural tissues, adequate biocompatibility with neural cells in vitro and versatility to carry topographical and biological guidance cues. Early tissue responses are thoroughly investigated locally (spinal cord at C6 level) and in the major organs (i.e., kidney, liver, lung, and spleen). The absence of local and systemic toxic responses, along with the positive signs found at the lesion site (e.g., filler effect, soft interface for no additional scaring, preservation of cell populations at the perilesional area, presence of M2 macrophages), encourages further investigation of these materials as promising components of more efficient material-based platforms for CNS repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa López-Dolado
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM); Finca de La Peraleda s/n 45071 Toledo Spain
| | | | - María Teresa Portolés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - María José Feito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - María Luisa Ferrer
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Francisco del Monte
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - María Concepción Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid Spain
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437
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Kurapati R, Russier J, Squillaci MA, Treossi E, Ménard-Moyon C, Del Rio-Castillo AE, Vazquez E, Samorì P, Palermo V, Bianco A. Dispersibility-Dependent Biodegradation of Graphene Oxide by Myeloperoxidase. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:3985-94. [PMID: 25959808 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding human health risk associated with the rapidly emerging graphene-based nanomaterials represents a great challenge because of the diversity of applications and the wide range of possible ways of exposure to this type of materials. Herein, the biodegradation of graphene oxide (GO) sheets is reported by using myeloperoxidase (hMPO) derived from human neutrophils in the presence of a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide. The degradation capability of the enzyme on three different GO samples containing different degree of oxidation on their graphenic lattice, leading to a variable dispersibility in aqueous media is compared. hMPO fails in degrading the most aggregated GO, but succeeds to completely metabolize highly dispersed GO samples. The spectroscopy and microscopy analyses provide unambiguous evidence for the key roles played by hydrophilicity, negative surface charge, and colloidal stability of the aqueous GO in their biodegradation by hMPO catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Kurapati
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Russier
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marco A Squillaci
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Antonio Esaú Del Rio-Castillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ester Vazquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Paolo Samorì
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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438
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Garg B, Bisht T, Ling YC. Graphene-Based Nanomaterials as Efficient Peroxidase Mimetic Catalysts for Biosensing Applications: An Overview. Molecules 2015; 20:14155-90. [PMID: 26248071 PMCID: PMC6332241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200814155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
"Artificial enzymes", a term coined by Breslow for enzyme mimics is an exciting and promising branch of biomimetic chemistry aiming to imitate the general and essential principles of natural enzymes using a variety of alternative materials including heterogeneous catalysts. Peroxidase enzymes represent a large family of oxidoreductases that typically catalyze biological reactions with high substrate affinity and specificity under relatively mild conditions and thus offer a wide range of practical applications in many areas of science. The increasing understanding of general principles as well as intrinsic drawbacks such as low operational stability, high cost, difficulty in purification and storage, and sensitivity of catalytic activity towards atmospheric conditions of peroxidases has triggered a dynamic field in nanotechnology, biochemical, and material science that aims at joining the better of three worlds by combining the concept adapted from nature with the processability of catalytically active graphene-based nanomaterials (G-NMs) as excellent peroxidase mimetic catalysts. This comprehensive review discusses an up-to-date synthesis, kinetics, mechanisms, and biosensing applications of a variety of G-NMs that have been explored as promising catalysts to mimic natural peroxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Garg
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Tanuja Bisht
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College, Champawat 262523, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Yong-Chien Ling
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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439
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Askounis A, Sefiane K, Koutsos V, Shanahan MER. Effect of particle geometry on triple line motion of nano-fluid drops and deposit nano-structuring. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 222:44-57. [PMID: 24927853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We illustrate the importance of particle geometry on droplet contact line pinning, 'coffee-stain' formation and nano-structuring within the resulting rings. We present the fundamentals of pure liquid droplet evaporation and then discuss the effect of particles on the evaporation process. The resulting coffee-stain patterns and particle structuring within them are presented and discussed. In the second part, we turn our attention to the effect of particle geometry on the evaporation process. A wide range of particle shapes, categorised according to aspect ratio, from the simple shape of a sphere to the highly irregular shapes of platelets and tubes is discussed. Particle geometry effect on evaporation behaviour was quantified in terms of change in contact angle and contact radius for the stick-slip cases. Consequently the hysteretic energy barrier pinning the droplets was estimated, showing an increasing trend with particle aspect ratio. The three-phase contact line (TL) motion kinetics are complemented with analysis of the nano-structuring behaviour of each shape, leading to the identification of the two main parameters affecting nanoparticle self-assembly behaviour at the wedge. Flow velocity and wedge constraints were found to have antagonist effects on particle deposition, although these varied with particle shape. This description should help in understanding the drying behaviour of more complex fluids. Furthermore, knowing the fundamentals of this simple and inexpensive surface patterning technique should permit its tailoring to the needs of many potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Askounis
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, United Kingdom
| | - Khellil Sefiane
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, United Kingdom.
| | - Vasileios Koutsos
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, United Kingdom
| | - Martin E R Shanahan
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Arts et Metiers ParisTech, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
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440
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Chatterjee N, Yang JS, Park K, Oh SM, Park J, Choi J. Screening of toxic potential of graphene family nanomaterials using in vitro and alternative in vivo toxicity testing systems. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:e2015007. [PMID: 26602558 PMCID: PMC4548497 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2015007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The widely promising applications of graphene nanomaterials raise considerable concerns regarding their environmental and human health risk assessment. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the toxicity profiling of graphene family nananomaterials (GFNs) in alternative in vitro and in vivo toxicity testing models. METHODS The GFNs used in this study are graphene nanoplatelets ([GNPs]-pristine, carboxylate [COOH] and amide [NH2]) and graphene oxides (single layer [SLGO] and few layers [FLGO]). The human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas2B cells) as in vitro system and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as in vivo system were used to profile the toxicity response of GFNs. Cytotoxicity assays, colony formation assay for cellular toxicity and reproduction potentiality in C. elegans were used as end points to evaluate the GFNs' toxicity. RESULTS In general, GNPs exhibited higher toxicity than GOs in Beas2B cells, and among the GNPs the order of toxicity was pristine>NH2>COOH. Although the order of toxicity of the GNPs was maintained in C. elegans reproductive toxicity, but GOs were found to be more toxic in the worms than GNPs. In both systems, SLGO exhibited profoundly greater dose dependency than FLGO. The possible reason of their differential toxicity lay in their distinctive physicochemical characteristics and agglomeration behavior in the exposure media. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed that the toxicity of GFNs is dependent on the graphene nanomaterial's physical forms, surface functionalizations, number of layers, dose, time of exposure and obviously, on the alternative model systems used for toxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Chatterjee
- School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Su Yang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwangsik Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Min Oh
- Fusion Technology Laboratory, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
| | | | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
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441
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Mei KC, Guo Y, Bai J, Costa PM, Kafa H, Protti A, Hider RC, Al-Jamal KT. Organic Solvent-Free, One-Step Engineering of Graphene-Based Magnetic-Responsive Hybrids Using Design of Experiment-Driven Mechanochemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:14176-81. [PMID: 26101940 PMCID: PMC4500448 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we propose an organic solvent-free, one-step mechanochemistry approach to engineer water-dispersible graphene oxide/superparamagnetic iron oxide (GO/SPIOs) hybrids, for biomedical applications. Although mechanochemistry has been proposed in the graphene field for applications such as drug loading, exfoliation or polymer-composite formation, this is the first study to report mechanochemistry for preparation of GO/SPIOs hybrids. The statistical design of experiment (DoE) was employed to control the process parameters. DoE has been used to control formulation processes of other types of nanomaterials. The implementation of DoE for controlling the formulation processes of graphene-based nanomaterials is, however, novel. DoE approach could be of advantage as one can tailor GO-based hybrids of predicted yields and compositions. Hybrids were characterized by TEM, AFM FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and TGA. The dose-response magnetic resonance (MR) properties were confirmed by MR imaging of phantoms. The biocompatibility of the hybrids with A549 and J774 cell lines was confirmed by the modified LDH assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ching Mei
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s
College London, Franklin-Wilkins
Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Yukuang Guo
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s
College London, Franklin-Wilkins
Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Bai
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s
College London, Franklin-Wilkins
Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro M. Costa
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s
College London, Franklin-Wilkins
Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Houmam Kafa
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s
College London, Franklin-Wilkins
Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Protti
- Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Robert C. Hider
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s
College London, Franklin-Wilkins
Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Khuloud T. Al-Jamal
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s
College London, Franklin-Wilkins
Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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442
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Zhu X, Tsang DCW, Chen F, Li S, Yang X. Ciprofloxacin adsorption on graphene and granular activated carbon: kinetics, isotherms, and effects of solution chemistry. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:3094-102. [PMID: 26050736 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1054316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a commonly used antibiotic and widely detected in wastewaters and farmlands nowadays. This study evaluated the efficacy of next-generation adsorbent (graphene) and conventional adsorbent (granular activated carbon, GAC) for CIP removal. Batch experiments and characterization tests were conducted to investigate the adsorption kinetics, equilibrium isotherms, thermodynamic properties, and the influences of solution chemistry (pH, ionic strength, natural organic matter (NOM), and water sources). Compared to GAC, graphene showed significantly faster adsorption and reached equilibrium within 3 min, confirming the rapid access of CIP into the macroporous network of high surface area of graphene as revealed by the Brunner-Emmet-Teller measurements analysis. The kinetics was better described by a pseudo-second-order model, suggesting the importance of the initial CIP concentration related to surface site availability of graphene. The adsorption isotherm on graphene followed Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 323 mg/g, which was higher than other reported carbonaceous adsorbents. The CIP adsorption was thermodynamically favourable on graphene and primarily occurred through π - π interaction, according to the FTIR spectroscopy. While the adsorption capacity of graphene decreased with increasing solution pH due to the speciation change of CIP, the adverse effects of ionic strength (0.01-0.5 mol L(-1)), presence of NOM (5 mg L⁻¹), and different water sources (river water or drinking water) were less significant on graphene than GAC. These results indicated that graphene can serve as an alternative adsorbent for CIP removal in commonly encountered field conditions, if proper separation and recovery is available in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhu
- a SYSU-HKUST Research Center for Innovative Environmental Technology , School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , People's Republic of China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- b Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- c Foshan Water Group , Foshan 52800 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Li
- a SYSU-HKUST Research Center for Innovative Environmental Technology , School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- a SYSU-HKUST Research Center for Innovative Environmental Technology , School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , People's Republic of China
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443
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Wang D, Zhu L, Chen JF, Dai L. Can graphene quantum dots cause DNA damage in cells? NANOSCALE 2015; 7:9894-901. [PMID: 25967921 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01734c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted tremendous attention for biological applications. We report the first study on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of GQDs to fibroblast cell lines (NIH-3T3 cells). The NIH-3T3 cells treated with GQDs at dosages over 50 μg mL(-1) showed no significant cytotoxicity. However, the GQD-treated NIH-3T3 cells exhibited an increased expression of proteins (p53, Rad 51, and OGG1) related to DNA damage compared with untreated cells, indicating the DNA damage caused by GQDs. The GQD-induced release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was demonstrated to be responsible for the observed DNA damage. These findings should have important implications for future applications of GQDs in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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444
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445
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Mu L, Gao Y, Hu X. l-Cysteine: A biocompatible, breathable and beneficial coating for graphene oxide. Biomaterials 2015; 52:301-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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446
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Singhbabu YN, Sivakumar B, Singh JK, Bapari H, Pramanick AK, Sahu RK. Efficient anti-corrosive coating of cold-rolled steel in a seawater environment using an oil-based graphene oxide ink. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:8035-8047. [PMID: 25869204 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01453k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the production of an efficient anti-corrosive coating of cold-rolled (CR) steel in a seawater environment (∼3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution) using an oil-based graphene oxide ink. The graphene oxide was produced by heating Aeschynomene aspera plant as a carbon source at 1600 °C in an argon atmosphere. The ink was prepared by cup-milling the mixture of graphene oxide and sunflower oil for 10 min. The coating of ink on the CR steel was made using the dip-coating method, followed by curing at 350 °C for 10 min in air atmosphere. The results of the potentiodynamic polarization show that the corrosion rate of bare CR steel decreases nearly 10,000-fold by the ink coating. Furthermore, the salt spray test results show that the red rusting in the ink-coated CR steel is initiated after 100 h, in contrast to 24 h and 6 h in the case of oil-coated and bare CR steel, respectively. The significant decrease in the corrosion rate by the ink-coating is discussed based on the impermeability of graphene oxide to the corrosive ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Singhbabu
- Academic of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
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447
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Chung H, Kim MJ, Ko K, Kim JH, Kwon HA, Hong I, Park N, Lee SW, Kim W. Effects of graphene oxides on soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 514:307-13. [PMID: 25668283 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to recent developments in nanotechnology, nanomaterials (NMs) such as graphene oxide (GO) may enter the soil environment with mostly unknown consequences. We investigated the effects of GO on soil microbial activity in a 59-day soil incubation study. For this, high-purity GO was prepared and characterized. Soils were treated with up to 1 mg GO g(-1) soil, and the changes in the activities of 1,4-β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, xylosidase, 1,4-β-N-acetyl glucosaminidase, and phosphatase and microbial biomass were determined. 0.5-1 mg GO g(-1) soil lowered the activity of xylosidase, 1,4-β-N-acetyl glucosaminidase, and phosphatase by up to 50% when compared to that in the control soils up to 21 days of incubation. Microbial biomass in soils treated with GO was not significantly different from that in control soils throughout the incubation period, and the soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass were not significantly correlated in this study. Our results indicate that soil enzyme activity can be lowered by the entry of GO into soils in short term but it can be recovered afterwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haegeun Chung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanyoung Ko
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeuk Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ah Kwon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Inpyo Hong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Wook Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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448
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Bussy C, Jasim D, Lozano N, Terry D, Kostarelos K. The current graphene safety landscape--a literature mining exercise. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:6432-6435. [PMID: 25807416 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00236b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As for any novel nanomaterial, the development of applications and industrial adoption of graphene-based materials will be subject to the confirmation of their safety profile and risk assessment. The analysis performed here maps the current knowledge of the safety of graphene-based materials as extracted by a literature mapping exercise of studies investigating these materials in preclinical animal models. We attempt to identify gaps for future studies and elucidate the critically important structure-function correlations between reported biological effects and graphene-based material physicochemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrill Bussy
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences & National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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449
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Chen D, Dougherty CA, Zhu K, Hong H. Theranostic applications of carbon nanomaterials in cancer: Focus on imaging and cargo delivery. J Control Release 2015; 210:230-45. [PMID: 25910580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon based nanomaterials have attracted significant attention over the past decades due to their unique physical properties, versatile functionalization chemistry, and biological compatibility. In this review, we will summarize the current state-of-the-art applications of carbon nanomaterials in cancer imaging and drug delivery/therapy. The carbon nanomaterials will be categorized into fullerenes, nanotubes, nanohorns, nanodiamonds, nanodots and graphene derivatives based on their morphologies. The chemical conjugation/functionalization strategies of each category will be introduced before focusing on their applications in cancer imaging (fluorescence/bioluminescence, magnetic resonance (MR), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), photoacoustic, Raman imaging, etc.) and cargo (chemo/gene/therapy) delivery. The advantages and limitations of each category and the potential clinical utilization of these carbon nanomaterials will be discussed. Multifunctional carbon nanoplatforms have the potential to serve as optimal candidates for image-guided delivery vectors for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiqin Chen
- Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Casey A Dougherty
- Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Kaicheng Zhu
- Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Hao Hong
- Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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450
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Lee YD, Cho HJ, Choi MH, Park H, Bang J, Lee S, Kwon IC, Kim S. Directed molecular assembly into a biocompatible photosensitizing nanocomplex for locoregional photodynamic therapy. J Control Release 2015; 209:12-9. [PMID: 25872152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB), a water-soluble cationic dye widely used in the clinic, is known to photosensitize the generation of cytotoxic singlet oxygen efficiently, and thus, has attracted interest as a potential drug for photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, its use for the in vivo PDT of cancer has been limited due to the inherently poor cell/tissue accumulation and low biological stability in the free molecular form. Here, we report a simple and biocompatible nanocomplex formulation of MB (NanoMB) that is useful for in vivo locoregional cancer treatment by PDT. NanoMB particles were constructed through the self-assembly of clinically usable molecules (MB, fatty acid and a clinically approved polymer surfactant) directed by the dual (electrostatic and hydrophobic) interactions between the ternary constituents. The nanocomplexed MB showed greatly enhanced cell internalization while keeping the photosensitization efficiency as high as free MB, leading to distinctive phototoxicity toward cancer cells. When administered to human breast cancer xenograft mice by peritumoral injection, NanoMB was capable of facile penetration into the tumor followed by cancer cell accumulation, as examined in vivo and histologically with the near-infrared fluorescence signal of MB. The quintuple PDT treatment by a combination of peritumorally injected NanoMB and selective laser irradiation suppressed the tumor volume efficaciously, demonstrating potential of NanoMB-based PDT as a biocompatible and safe method for adjuvant locoregional cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Deok Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, South Korea; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Hong-Jun Cho
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hwa Choi
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | - Hoyong Park
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 700-721, South Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Sangyoup Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, South Korea.
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