401
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Slavin TP, Niell-Swiller M, Solomon I, Nehoray B, Rybak C, Blazer KR, Weitzel JN. Clinical Application of Multigene Panels: Challenges of Next-Generation Counseling and Cancer Risk Management. Front Oncol 2015; 5:208. [PMID: 26484312 PMCID: PMC4586434 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multigene panels can be a cost- and time-effective alternative to sequentially testing multiple genes, especially with a mixed family cancer phenotype. However, moving beyond our single-gene testing paradigm has unveiled many new challenges to the clinician. The purpose of this article is to familiarize the reader with some of the challenges, as well as potential opportunities, of expanded hereditary cancer panel testing. Methods We include results from 348 commercial multigene panel tests ordered from January 1, 2014, through October 1, 2014, by clinicians associated with the City of Hope’s Clinical Cancer Genetics Community of Practice. We also discuss specific challenging cases that arose during this period involving abnormalities in the genes: CDH1, TP53, PMS2, PALB2, CHEK2, NBN, and RAD51C. Results If historically high risk genes only were included in the panels (BRCA1, BRCA2, MSH6, PMS2, TP53, APC, CDH1), the results would have been positive only 6.2% of the time, instead of 17%. Results returned with variants of uncertain significance (VUS) 42% of the time. Conclusion These figures and cases stress the importance of adequate pre-test counseling in anticipation of higher percentages of positive, VUS, unexpected, and ambiguous test results. Test result ambiguity can be limited by the use of phenotype-specific panels; if found, multiple resources (the literature, reference laboratory, colleagues, national experts, and research efforts) can be accessed to better clarify counseling and management for the patient and family. For pathogenic variants in low and moderate risk genes, empiric risk modeling based on the patient’s personal and family history of cancer may supersede gene-specific risk. Commercial laboratory and patient contributions to public databases and research efforts will be needed to better classify variants and reduce clinical ambiguity of multigene panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Paul Slavin
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope , Duarte, CA , USA
| | - Mariana Niell-Swiller
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope , Duarte, CA , USA
| | - Ilana Solomon
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope , Duarte, CA , USA
| | - Bita Nehoray
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope , Duarte, CA , USA
| | - Christina Rybak
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope , Duarte, CA , USA
| | - Kathleen R Blazer
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope , Duarte, CA , USA
| | - Jeffrey N Weitzel
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope , Duarte, CA , USA
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402
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Daou S, Hammond-Martel I, Mashtalir N, Barbour H, Gagnon J, Iannantuono NVG, Nkwe NS, Motorina A, Pak H, Yu H, Wurtele H, Milot E, Mallette FA, Carbone M, Affar EB. The BAP1/ASXL2 Histone H2A Deubiquitinase Complex Regulates Cell Proliferation and Is Disrupted in Cancer. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:28643-63. [PMID: 26416890 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.661553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The deubiquitinase (DUB) and tumor suppressor BAP1 catalyzes ubiquitin removal from histone H2A Lys-119 and coordinates cell proliferation, but how BAP1 partners modulate its function remains poorly understood. Here, we report that BAP1 forms two mutually exclusive complexes with the transcriptional regulators ASXL1 and ASXL2, which are necessary for maintaining proper protein levels of this DUB. Conversely, BAP1 is essential for maintaining ASXL2, but not ASXL1, protein stability. Notably, cancer-associated loss of BAP1 expression results in ASXL2 destabilization and hence loss of its function. ASXL1 and ASXL2 use their ASXM domains to interact with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of BAP1, and these interactions are required for ubiquitin binding and H2A deubiquitination. The deubiquitination-promoting effect of ASXM requires intramolecular interactions between catalytic and non-catalytic domains of BAP1, which generate a composite ubiquitin-binding interface (CUBI). Notably, the CUBI engages multiple interactions with ubiquitin involving (i) the ubiquitin carboxyl hydrolase catalytic domain of BAP1, which interacts with the hydrophobic patch of ubiquitin, and (ii) the CTD domain, which interacts with a charged patch of ubiquitin. Significantly, we identified cancer-associated mutations of BAP1 that disrupt the CUBI and notably an in-frame deletion in the CTD that inhibits its interaction with ASXL1/2 and DUB activity and deregulates cell proliferation. Moreover, we demonstrated that BAP1 interaction with ASXL2 regulates cell senescence and that ASXL2 cancer-associated mutations disrupt BAP1 DUB activity. Thus, inactivation of the BAP1/ASXL2 axis might contribute to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Daou
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Ian Hammond-Martel
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Nazar Mashtalir
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Haithem Barbour
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Jessica Gagnon
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Nicholas V G Iannantuono
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Nadine Sen Nkwe
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Alena Motorina
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Helen Pak
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Helen Yu
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Hugo Wurtele
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Eric Milot
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Frédérick A Mallette
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
| | - Michele Carbone
- the Thoracic Oncology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
| | - El Bachir Affar
- From the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada and
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403
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Comprehensive assessment of cancer missense mutation clustering in protein structures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E5486-95. [PMID: 26392535 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516373112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale tumor sequencing projects enabled the identification of many new cancer gene candidates through computational approaches. Here, we describe a general method to detect cancer genes based on significant 3D clustering of mutations relative to the structure of the encoded protein products. The approach can also be used to search for proteins with an enrichment of mutations at binding interfaces with a protein, nucleic acid, or small molecule partner. We applied this approach to systematically analyze the PanCancer compendium of somatic mutations from 4,742 tumors relative to all known 3D structures of human proteins in the Protein Data Bank. We detected significant 3D clustering of missense mutations in several previously known oncoproteins including HRAS, EGFR, and PIK3CA. Although clustering of missense mutations is often regarded as a hallmark of oncoproteins, we observed that a number of tumor suppressors, including FBXW7, VHL, and STK11, also showed such clustering. Beside these known cases, we also identified significant 3D clustering of missense mutations in NUF2, which encodes a component of the kinetochore, that could affect chromosome segregation and lead to aneuploidy. Analysis of interaction interfaces revealed enrichment of mutations in the interfaces between FBXW7-CCNE1, HRAS-RASA1, CUL4B-CAND1, OGT-HCFC1, PPP2R1A-PPP2R5C/PPP2R2A, DICER1-Mg2+, MAX-DNA, SRSF2-RNA, and others. Together, our results indicate that systematic consideration of 3D structure can assist in the identification of cancer genes and in the understanding of the functional role of their mutations.
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404
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Citterio E. Fine-tuning the ubiquitin code at DNA double-strand breaks: deubiquitinating enzymes at work. Front Genet 2015; 6:282. [PMID: 26442100 PMCID: PMC4561801 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a reversible protein modification broadly implicated in cellular functions. Signaling processes mediated by ubiquitin (ub) are crucial for the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), one of the most dangerous types of DNA lesions. In particular, the DSB response critically relies on active ubiquitination by the RNF8 and RNF168 ub ligases at the chromatin, which is essential for proper DSB signaling and repair. How this pathway is fine-tuned and what the functional consequences are of its deregulation for genome integrity and tissue homeostasis are subject of intense investigation. One important regulatory mechanism is by reversal of substrate ubiquitination through the activity of specific deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), as supported by the implication of a growing number of DUBs in DNA damage response processes. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of how ub-mediated signaling at DSBs is controlled by DUBs, with main focus on DUBs targeting histone H2A and on their recent implication in stem cell biology and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Citterio
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam Netherlands
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405
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Abstract
Approximately 10% of melanoma cases report a relative affected with melanoma, and a positive family history is associated with an increased risk of developing melanoma. Although the majority of genetic alterations associated with melanoma development are somatic, the underlying presence of heritable melanoma risk genes is an important component of disease occurrence. Susceptibility for some families is due to mutation in one of the known high penetrance melanoma predisposition genes: CDKN2A, CDK4, BAP1, POT1, ACD, TERF2IP and TERT. However, despite such mutations being implicated in a combined total of approximately 50% of familial melanoma cases, the underlying genetic basis is unexplained for the remainder of high-density melanoma families. Aside from the possibility of extremely rare mutations in a few additional high penetrance genes yet to be discovered, this suggests a likely polygenic component to susceptibility, and a unique level of personal melanoma risk influenced by multiple low-risk alleles and genetic modifiers. In addition to conferring a risk of cutaneous melanoma, some 'melanoma' predisposition genes have been linked to other cancers, with cancer clustering observed in melanoma families at rates greater than expected by chance. The most extensively documented association is between CDKN2A germ line mutations and pancreatic cancer, and a cancer syndrome including cutaneous melanoma, uveal melanoma and mesothelioma has been proposed for BAP1 germ line mutations. Other medium to high penetrance melanoma predisposition genes have been associated with renal cell carcinoma (MITF, BAP1) and glioma (POT1). These associations between melanoma and other cancers hint at the possibility of common pathways for oncogenesis, and better knowledge of these pathways may improve understanding of the genetic basis underpinning familial melanoma. It is likely that 'melanoma' risk genes will impact on mutation screening and genetic counselling not only for melanoma but also a range of other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazlyn Read
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karin A W Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas K Hayward
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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406
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Bononi A, Napolitano A, Pass HI, Yang H, Carbone M. Latest developments in our understanding of the pathogenesis of mesothelioma and the design of targeted therapies. Expert Rev Respir Med 2015; 9:633-54. [PMID: 26308799 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2015.1081066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer whose pathogenesis is causally linked to occupational exposure to asbestos. Familial clusters of mesotheliomas have been observed in settings of genetic predisposition. Mesothelioma incidence is anticipated to increase worldwide in the next two decades. Novel treatments are needed, as current treatment modalities may improve the quality of life, but have shown modest effects in improving overall survival. Increasing knowledge on the molecular characteristics of mesothelioma has led to the development of novel potential therapeutic strategies, including: molecular targeted approaches, that is the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor with bevacizumab; immunotherapy with chimeric monoclonal antibody, immunotoxin, antibody drug conjugate, vaccine and viruses; inhibition of asbestos-induced inflammation, that is aspirin inhibition of HMGB1 activity may decrease or delay mesothelioma onset and/or growth. We elaborate on the rationale behind new therapeutic strategies, and summarize available preclinical and clinical results, as well as efforts still ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bononi
- a 1 University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Andrea Napolitano
- a 1 University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.,b 2 Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Harvey I Pass
- c 3 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Haining Yang
- a 1 University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Michele Carbone
- a 1 University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
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407
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Peng J, Ma J, Li W, Mo R, Zhang P, Gao K, Jin X, Xiao J, Wang C, Fan J. Stabilization of MCRS1 by BAP1 prevents chromosome instability in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:167-74. [PMID: 26300492 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the exome and genome of carcinoma (ccRCC) by next-generation sequencing identified numerous genetic alternations. BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) was identified as one of the most frequently mutated genes in ccRCC, suggesting that BAP1 is a potential key driver for ccRCC cancer initiation and progression. However, how BAP1 mutations contribute to ccRCC remains to be elucidated. BAP1 is a nuclear de-ubiquitinating enzyme and cleaves the ubiquitin chain from the substrates. Here, we identified MCRS1 as a bona fide substrate for BAP1. MCRS1 is a component of the centrosome proteins, and plays an essential role in spindle assembly. BAP1 binds to MCRS1 and stabilizes MCRS1 by de-ubiquitination. BAP1 contributes to chromosome stability partially via MCRS1. A positive correlation was identified between BAP1 and MCRS1 expression in ccRCC tissues. Both BAP1 loss and MCRS1 down-regulation in ccRCC were associated with adverse clinicopathological features. This study revealed a novel mechanism for BAP1 involved in MCRS1 stability regulation, and provided insight in understanding the relationship between BAP1 mutations and chromosome instability in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Peng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ren Mo
- Department of Urology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Peoples Hospital, 20 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010017, China
| | - Pingzhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiantao Xiao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Chenji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China.
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408
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Mori T, Sumii M, Fujishima F, Ueno K, Emi M, Nagasaki M, Ishioka C, Chiba N. Somatic alteration and depleted nuclear expression of BAP1 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:1118-29. [PMID: 26081045 PMCID: PMC4582980 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that is involved in the regulation of cell growth. Recently, many somatic and germline mutations of BAP1 have been reported in a broad spectrum of tumors. In this study, we identified a novel somatic non-synonymous BAP1 mutation, a phenylalanine-to-isoleucine substitution at codon 170 (F170I), in 1 of 49 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) of BAP1 gene in this ESCC tumor disclosed monoallelic deletion (LOH), suggesting BAP1 alterations on both alleles in this tumor. The deubiquitinase activity and the auto-deubiquitinase activity of F170I-mutant BAP1 were markedly suppressed compared with wild-type BAP1. In addition, wild-type BAP1 mostly localizes to the nucleus, whereas the F170I mutant preferentially localized in the cytoplasm. Microarray analysis revealed that expression of the F170I mutant drastically altered gene expression profiles compared with expressed wild-type BAP1. Gene-ontology analyses indicated that the F170I mutation altered the expression of genes involved in oncogenic pathways. We found that one candidate, TCEAL7, previously reported as a putative tumor suppressor gene, was significantly induced by wild-type BAP1 as compared to F170I mutant BAP1. Furthermore, we found that the level of BAP1 expression in the nucleus was reduced in 44% of ESCC examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Because the nuclear localization of BAP1 is important for its tumor suppressor function, BAP1 may be functionally inactivated in a substantial portion of ESCC. Taken together, BAP1 is likely to function as a tumor suppressor in at least a part of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Mori
- Tohoku Community Cancer Services Program, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makiko Sumii
- Tohoku Community Cancer Services Program, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Kazuko Ueno
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Emi
- Thoracic Oncology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chikashi Ishioka
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Natsuko Chiba
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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409
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410
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411
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Yélamos O, Gerami P. Predicting the outcome of melanoma: can we tell the future of a patient's melanoma? Melanoma Manag 2015; 2:217-224. [PMID: 30190851 PMCID: PMC6094684 DOI: 10.2217/mmt.15.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is responsible for the greatest number of skin cancer related deaths. For many years there were few therapeutic options. However, in the last years a number of new therapeutic options have emerged showing improved survival rates for advanced melanoma patients. A significant question based on these findings is whether identification and treatment of patients with biologically aggressive melanomas at an earlier clinical stage offer an opportunity for even greater improvement in overall survival. In this review, we will discuss the recent advancements in molecular strategies beyond traditional staging to identify biologically aggressive melanomas, and which are their implications in terms of predicting the prognosis of patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Yélamos
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, The Robert H Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 1765, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Pedram Gerami
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, The Robert H Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 1765, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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412
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BAP1 (BRCA1-associated protein 1) is a highly specific marker for differentiating mesothelioma from reactive mesothelial proliferations. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:1043-57. [PMID: 26022455 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2015.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The distinction between malignant mesothelioma and reactive mesothelial proliferation can be challenging both on histology and cytology. Recently, variants of the BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) gene resulting in nuclear protein loss were reported in hereditary and sporadic mesothelioma. Using immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the utility of BAP1 expression in the differential diagnosis between mesothelioma and other mesothelial proliferations on a large series of biopsies that included 212 mesotheliomas, 12 benign mesothelial tumors, and 42 reactive mesothelial proliferations. BAP1 stain was also performed in 70 cytological samples (45 mesotheliomas and 25 reactive mesothelial proliferations). BAP1 was expressed in all benign mesothelial tumors, whereas 139/212 (66%) mesotheliomas were BAP1 negative, especially in epithelioid/biphasic compared with sarcomatoid/desmoplastic subtypes (69% vs 15%). BAP1 loss was homogeneous in neoplastic cells except for two epithelioid mesotheliomas showing tumor heterogeneity. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, BAP1 protein loss was paralleled by homozygous deletion of the BAP1 locus in the vast majority of BAP1-negative tumors (31/41, 76%), whereas 9/10 BAP1-positive mesotheliomas were normal. In biopsies interpreted as reactive mesothelial proliferation BAP1 loss was 100% predictive of malignancy, as all 6 cases subsequently developed BAP1-negative mesothelioma, whereas only 3/36 (8%) BAP1-positive cases progressed to mesothelioma. On cytology/cell blocks, benign mesothelial cells were invariably positive for BAP1, whereas 64% of mesotheliomas showed loss of protein; all 6 cases showing BAP1 negativity were associated with histological diagnosis of BAP1-negative mesothelioma. BAP1 stain also showed utility in the differential of mesothelioma from most common pleural and peritoneal mimickers, such as lung and ovary carcinomas, with specificity and sensitivity of 99/70% and 100/70%, respectively. Our results show that BAP1 protein is frequently lost in mesothelioma, especially of epithelioid/biphasic subtype and is commonly associated with homozygous BAP1 deletion. BAP1 immunostain represents an excellent biomarker with an unprecedented specificity (100%) in the distinction between benign and malignant mesothelial proliferations. Finding BAP1 loss in mesothelial cells should prompt to immediately reevaluate the patient; moreover, it might be useful in mapping tumor extent and planning surgical resection.
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413
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Rai K, Pilarski R, Cebulla CM, Abdel-Rahman MH. Comprehensive review of BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome with report of two new cases. Clin Genet 2015; 89:285-94. [PMID: 26096145 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) tumor predisposition syndrome (BAP1-TPDS) is a recently identified hereditary cancer syndrome. Germline mutations in this tumor suppressor gene predispose families to the development of various malignancies. The molecular functions of the gene as well as the clinical phenotype of the syndrome are still being clarified. We sought to conduct a comprehensive review of published research into BAP1-TPDS to more thoroughly delineate the clinical implications of germline BAP1 mutations. We also report two additional families with germline BAP1 mutations. Current evidence demonstrates that germline BAP1 mutations predispose families to uveal melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, cutaneous melanoma, and possibly to a range of other cancers as well. Some of these cancers tend to be more aggressive, have a propensity to metastasize, and onset earlier in life in patients with BAP1 mutations as compared to non-predisposed patients with equivalent cancers. Although further research is necessary, this information can aid in the management, diagnosis, and therapy of these patients and their families, and highlights the importance of genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rai
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - R Pilarski
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C M Cebulla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M H Abdel-Rahman
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology, Menoufiya University, Shebin Elkoum, Egypt
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414
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Randall JM, Millard F, Kurzrock R. Molecular aberrations, targeted therapy, and renal cell carcinoma: current state-of-the-art. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 33:1109-24. [PMID: 25365943 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-014-9533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is among the most prevalent malignancies in the USA. Most RCCs are sporadic, but hereditary syndromes associated with RCC account for 2-3 % of cases and include von Hippel-Lindau, hereditary leiomyomatosis, Birt-Hogg-Dube, tuberous sclerosis, hereditary papillary RCC, and familial renal carcinoma. In the past decade, our understanding of the genetic mutations associated with sporadic forms of RCC has increased considerably, with the most common mutations in clear cell RCC seen in the VHL, PBRM1, BAP1, and SETD2 genes. Among these, BAP1 mutations are associated with aggressive disease and decreased survival. Several targeted therapies for advanced RCC have been approved and include sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, axitinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR) activity), everolimus, and temsirolimus (TKIs that inhibit mTORC1, the downstream part of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway). High-dose interleukin 2 (IL-2) immunotherapy and the combination of bevacizumab plus interferon-α are also approved treatments. At present, there are no predictive genetic markers to direct therapy for RCC, perhaps because the vast majority of trials have been evaluated in unselected patient populations, with advanced metastatic disease. This review will focus on our current understanding of the molecular genetics of RCC, and how this may inform therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, #0987, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0987, USA,
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415
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Klebe S, Driml J, Nasu M, Pastorino S, Zangiabadi A, Henderson D, Carbone M. BAP1 hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome: a case report and review of literature. Biomark Res 2015; 3:14. [PMID: 26140217 PMCID: PMC4488956 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-015-0040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A 72-year-old woman was diagnosed with uveal melanoma, peritoneal mesothelioma and a primary biliary tract adenocarcinoma. She had a strong family history of mesothelioma as well as other malignancies including renal cell carcinoma. The recently described BAP1 hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome was suspected, but immunohistochemical labeling was not conclusive. Genetic testing confirmed a novel and unusual germline mutation in the ubiquitin hydrolase domain of the BAP1 gene (p.Tyr173Cys) and the patient was diagnosed with the BAP1 hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome. This case demonstrates the importance of clinically recognizing this rare syndrome and its manifestations, some which are still being characterized. It also highlights the importance of genetic testing in cases where there is a high clinical suspicion, even when screening tests, such as immunohistochemistry, in this case, are inconclusive. The diagnosis of a germline BAP1 mutation may have important implications for both the patient and their families with regards to further genetic testing and active surveillance programs. Further research is needed to fully understand the extent and clinical implications of this rare cancer syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042 UK
| | - Jack Driml
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042 UK
| | - Masaki Nasu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Bldg A-4R, Rm 450, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
| | - Sandra Pastorino
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Bldg A-4R, Rm 450, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
| | - Amirmasoud Zangiabadi
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042 UK
| | - Douglas Henderson
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042 UK
| | - Michele Carbone
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Bldg A-4R, Rm 450, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
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416
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Napolitano A, Pellegrini L, Dey A, Larson D, Tanji M, Flores EG, Kendrick B, Lapid D, Powers A, Kanodia S, Pastorino S, Pass HI, Dixit V, Yang H, Carbone M. Minimal asbestos exposure in germline BAP1 heterozygous mice is associated with deregulated inflammatory response and increased risk of mesothelioma. Oncogene 2015; 35:1996-2002. [PMID: 26119930 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Germline BAP1 mutations predispose to several cancers, in particular malignant mesothelioma. Mesothelioma is an aggressive malignancy generally associated with professional exposure to asbestos. However, to date, we found that none of the mesothelioma patients carrying germline BAP1 mutations were professionally exposed to asbestos. We hypothesized that germline BAP1 mutations might influence the asbestos-induced inflammatory response that is linked to asbestos carcinogenesis, thereby increasing the risk of developing mesothelioma after minimal exposure. Using a BAP1(+/-) mouse model, we found that, compared with their wild-type littermates, BAP1(+/-) mice exposed to low-dose asbestos fibers showed significant alterations of the peritoneal inflammatory response, including significantly higher levels of pro-tumorigenic alternatively polarized M2 macrophages, and lower levels of several chemokines and cytokines. Consistent with these data, BAP1(+/-) mice had a significantly higher incidence of mesothelioma after exposure to very low doses of asbestos, doses that rarely induced mesothelioma in wild-type mice. Our findings suggest that minimal exposure to carcinogenic fibers may significantly increase the risk of malignant mesothelioma in genetically predisposed individuals carrying germline BAP1 mutations, possibly via alterations of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Napolitano
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - L Pellegrini
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - A Dey
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Larson
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - M Tanji
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - E G Flores
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - B Kendrick
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - D Lapid
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - A Powers
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - S Kanodia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Pastorino
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - H I Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - V Dixit
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - H Yang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - M Carbone
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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417
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The downregulation of BAP1 expression by BCR-ABL reduces the stability of BRCA1 in chronic myeloid leukemia. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:775-80. [PMID: 26118501 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BCR-ABL induces an intrinsic genetic instability in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The protein breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1)-associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a deubiquitinase interacting with the DNA repair regulator BRCA1 and is frequently inactivated in many cancers. Here, we report that BAP1 mRNA and protein levels are downregulated in a BCR-ABL1-expressing hematopoietic cell line (UT-7/11). A decrease of BAP1 transcripts is also observed in newly diagnosed CML patients. Moreover, BAP1 protein levels are low or undetectable in CD34(+) cells from CML patients at diagnosis as compared with CD34(+) cells from normal donors. In addition, BRCA1 protein level is reduced in BCR-ABL1-expressing UT-7/11 cells. Finally, the enforced expression of BAP1 is associated with BRCA1 protein deubiquitination and restoration. These results demonstrate BAP1 as a major link with the BCR-ABL-induced downregulation of BRCA1 in CML.
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418
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Hakiri S, Osada H, Ishiguro F, Murakami H, Murakami-Tonami Y, Yokoi K, Sekido Y. Functional differences between wild-type and mutant-type BRCA1-associated protein 1 tumor suppressor against malignant mesothelioma cells. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:990-9. [PMID: 26011428 PMCID: PMC4556387 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) shows inactivation of the BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) gene. In this study, we found BAP1 mutations in 5 (26%) of the 19 cell lines that we established from Japanese MM patients, and examined functional differences between the WT and mutant BAP1. First, we studied the subcellular localization of BAP1, demonstrating that the WT primarily resides in the nucleus and that the mutant BAP1 is found in the cytoplasm of the cells. Transduction of the WT BAP1 vector into MM cells with homozygous deletion at the BAP1 3′ side resulted in both inhibition of cell proliferation and anchorage-independent cell growth, whereas BAP1 mutants of a missense or C-terminal truncated form showed impaired growth inhibitory effects. Next, we studied how BAP1 is involved in MM cell survival after irradiation (IR), which causes DNA damage. After IR, we found that both WT and mutant BAP1 were similarly phosphorylated and phospho-BAP1 localized mainly in the nucleus. Interestingly, BRCA1 proteins were decreased in the MM cells with BAP1 deletion, and transduction of the mutants as well as WT BAP1 increased BRCA1 proteins, suggesting that BAP1 may promote DNA repair partly through stabilizing BRCA1. Furthermore, using the MM cells with BAP1 deletion, we found that WT BAP1, and even a missense mutant, conferred a higher survival rate after IR compared to the control vector. Our results suggested that, whereas WT BAP1 suppresses MM cell proliferation and restores cell survival after IR damage, some mutant BAP1 may also moderately retain these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Hakiri
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Osada
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Cancer Genetics, Program in Function Construction Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Futoshi Ishiguro
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuko Murakami-Tonami
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohei Yokoi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Cancer Genetics, Program in Function Construction Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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419
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Aspirin delays mesothelioma growth by inhibiting HMGB1-mediated tumor progression. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1786. [PMID: 26068794 PMCID: PMC4669834 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an inflammatory molecule that has a critical role in the initiation and progression of malignant mesothelioma (MM). Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) is the most widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that reduces the incidence, metastatic potential and mortality of many inflammation-induced cancers. We hypothesized that ASA may exert anticancer properties in MM by abrogating the carcinogenic effects of HMGB1. Using HMGB1-secreting and -non-secreting human MM cell lines, we determined whether aspirin inhibited the hallmarks of HMGB1-induced MM cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrated that ASA and its metabolite, salicylic acid (SA), inhibit motility, migration, invasion and anchorage-independent colony formation of MM cells via a novel HMGB1-mediated mechanism. ASA/SA, at serum concentrations comparable to those achieved in humans taking therapeutic doses of aspirin, and BoxA, a specific inhibitor of HMGB1, markedly reduced MM growth in xenograft mice and significantly improved survival of treated animals. The effects of ASA and BoxA were cyclooxygenase-2 independent and were not additive, consistent with both acting via inhibition of HMGB1 activity. Our findings provide a rationale for the well documented, yet poorly understood antitumorigenic activity of aspirin, which we show proceeds via HMGB1 inhibition. Moreover, the use of BoxA appears to allow a more efficient HMGB1 targeting while eluding the known gastrointestinal side effects of ASA. Our findings are directly relevant to MM. Given the emerging importance of HMGB1 and its tumor-promoting functions in many cancer types, and of aspirin in cancer prevention and therapy, our investigation is poised to provide broadly applicable information.
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420
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421
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The established and future biomarkers of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:486-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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422
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Zhang XK, Xi SY, Sai K, Chen HD, Zhong ZH, Wu QL, Zeng J. Cytoplasmic expression of BAP1 as an independent prognostic biomarker for patients with gliomas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:5035-5043. [PMID: 26191197 PMCID: PMC4503069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) has been investigated the prognostic value for some carcinomas, including mammary carcinoma, pulmonary carcinoma and mesothelioma and so on. However, the status of BAP1 expression and the relationship of that with overall survival were not still estimated in patients with gliomas. Therefore, it was necessary to investigate the effect of BAP1 expression for the survival of patients with gliomas in this study. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinicopathological information of 229 patients with gliomas was used to perform the further analysis. We defined the nucleus expression of BAP1 score of median 0 and cytoplasmic expression of BAP1 score of median 100 as the rational cutoff value for survival analysis, respectively. These patients were categorized into the low cytoplasmic expression of BAP1 and the high expression of BAP1 group, presence of nucleus expression and absence of nucleus expression according to the corresponding cutoff point, respectively. The associations of clinicopathological characteristics with overall survival (OS) were investigated by univariate analysis in patients with gliomas. Multivariate analysis was further performed to find the independent prognostic indicator of OS by Cox regression model. RESULTS Thirty-nine of 229 patients (17.0%) with gliomas had the nucleus expression of BAP1, 213 of 229 patients (93.0%) had the cytoplasmic expression of BAP1, and 28 patients (12.2%) with both cytoplasmic and nucleus expression, 5 cases (2.2%) without neither cytoplasmic nor nucleus expression. Univariate analysis demonstrated that high cytoplasmic expression of BAP1, tumor location, tumor relapse, advanced clinical stage were significant linkage with worse OS (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that high cytoplasmic expression of BAP1 was a significantly independent biomarker for adverse OS (hazard ratio: 1.516, 95% CI: 1.029-2.234, P=0.035). In stratified analysis, we found that the patients with high cytoplasmic expression of BAP1 had the shorter overall survival than these with low cytoplasmic expression of BAP1 in the 190 patients without nucleus expression of BAP1 (P=0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that cytoplasmic expression of BAP1 was superior to nucleus expression of BAP1 as a predictive factor in patients with gliomas (AUC=0.583, P=0.030 vs. AUC=0.516, P=0.679). CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that cytoplasmic expression of BAP1 might be served as a valuable predictive biomarker of the prognosis in gliomas. High cytoplasmic expression of BAP1 might be benefit to identify patients who need to carry out further therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Yan Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Ke Sai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Dong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hai Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Liang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
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423
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Abstract
The post-translational modification of proteins with ubiquitin represents a complex signalling system that co-ordinates essential cellular functions, including proteolysis, DNA repair, receptor signalling and cell communication. DUBs (deubiquitinases), the enzymes that disassemble ubiquitin chains and remove ubiquitin from proteins, are central to this system. Reflecting the complexity and versatility of ubiquitin signalling, DUB activity is controlled in multiple ways. Although several lines of evidence indicate that aberrant DUB function may promote human disease, the underlying molecular mechanisms are often unclear. Notwithstanding, considerable interest in DUBs as potential drug targets has emerged over the past years. The future success of DUB-based therapy development will require connecting the basic science of DUB function and enzymology with drug discovery. In the present review, we discuss new insights into DUB activity regulation and their links to disease, focusing on the role of DUBs as regulators of cell identity and differentiation, and discuss their potential as emerging drug targets.
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424
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Brown JS, Jackson SP. Ubiquitylation, neddylation and the DNA damage response. Open Biol 2015; 5:150018. [PMID: 25833379 PMCID: PMC4422126 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of accurate DNA damage sensing and repair mechanisms manifests as a variety of human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, immunodeficiency, infertility and cancer. The accuracy and efficiency of DNA damage detection and repair, collectively termed the DNA damage response (DDR), requires the recruitment and subsequent post-translational modification (PTM) of a complex network of proteins. Ubiquitin and the ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) SUMO have established roles in regulating the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). A role for other UBLs, such as NEDD8, is also now emerging. This article provides an overview of the DDR, discusses our current understanding of the process and function of PTM by ubiquitin and NEDD8, and reviews the literature surrounding the role of ubiquitylation and neddylation in DNA repair processes, focusing particularly on DNA DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Brown
- The Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Stephen P Jackson
- The Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
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425
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Nasu M, Emi M, Pastorino S, Tanji M, Powers A, Luk H, Baumann F, Zhang YA, Gazdar A, Kanodia S, Tiirikainen M, Flores E, Gaudino G, Becich MJ, Pass HI, Yang H, Carbone M. High Incidence of Somatic BAP1 alterations in sporadic malignant mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol 2015; 10:565-76. [PMID: 25658628 PMCID: PMC4408084 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer 1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a nuclear deubiquitinase that regulates gene expression, transcription, DNA repair, and more. Several findings underscore the apparent driver role of BAP1 in malignant mesothelioma (MM). However, the reported frequency of somatic BAP1 mutations in MM varies considerably, a discrepancy that appeared related to either methodological or ethnical differences across various studies. METHODS To address this discrepancy, we carried out comprehensive genomic and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses to detect somatic BAP1 gene alterations in 22 frozen MM biopsies from U.S. MM patients. RESULTS By combining Sanger sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, copy number analysis, and cDNA sequencing, we found alteration of BAP1 in 14 of 22 biopsies (63.6%). No changes in methylation were observed. IHC revealed normal nuclear BAP1 staining in the eight MM containing wild-type BAP1, whereas no nuclear staining was detected in the 14 MM biopsies containing tumor cells with mutated BAP1. Thus, IHC results were in agreement with those obtained by genomic analyses. We then extended IHC analysis to an independent cohort of 70 MM biopsies, of which there was insufficient material to perform molecular studies. IHC revealed loss of BAP1 nuclear staining in 47 of these 70 MM biopsies (67.1%). CONCLUSIONS Our findings conclusively establish BAP1 as the most commonly mutated gene in MM, regardless of ethnic background or other clinical characteristics. Our data point to IHC as the most accessible and reliable technique to detect BAP1 status in MM biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nasu
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Mitsuru Emi
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Sandra Pastorino
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Mika Tanji
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Amy Powers
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | | | - Francine Baumann
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Yu-an Zhang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research and Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Adi Gazdar
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research and Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Shreya Kanodia
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Maarit Tiirikainen
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Erin Flores
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Giovanni Gaudino
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Michael J. Becich
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Harvey I. Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Haining Yang
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Michele Carbone
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
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426
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Kumar R, Taylor M, Miao B, Ji Z, Njauw JCN, Jönsson G, Frederick DT, Tsao H. BAP1 has a survival role in cutaneous melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1089-1097. [PMID: 25521456 PMCID: PMC4366338 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the pattern of BAP1 inactivation in ocular melanoma specimens and in the BAP1 cutaneous melanoma (CM)/ocular melanoma predisposition syndrome suggests a tumor suppressor function, the specific role of this gene in the pathogenesis of CM is not fully understood. We thus set out to characterize BAP1 in CM and discovered an unexpected pro-survival effect of this protein. Tissue and cell lines analysis showed that BAP1 expression was maintained, rather than lost, in primary melanomas compared with nevi and normal skin. Genetic depletion of BAP1 in melanoma cells reduced proliferation and colony-forming capability, induced apoptosis, and inhibited melanoma tumor growth in vivo. On the molecular level, suppression of BAP1 led to a concomitant drop in the protein levels of survivin, a member of anti-apoptotic proteins and a known mediator of melanoma survival. Restoration of survivin in melanoma cells partially rescued the growth-retarding effects of BAP1 loss. In contrast to melanoma cells, stable overexpression of BAP1 into immortalized but non-transformed melanocytes did suppress proliferation and reduce survivin. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that BAP1 may have a growth-sustaining role in melanoma cells, but that its impact on ubiquitination underpins a complex physiology, which is context and cell dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benchun Miao
- Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jenny C-N Njauw
- Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dennie T Frederick
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hensin Tsao
- Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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427
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Wadt KAW, Aoude LG, Krogh L, Sunde L, Bojesen A, Grønskov K, Wartacz N, Ek J, Tolstrup-Andersen M, Klarskov-Andersen M, Borg Å, Heegaard S, Kiilgaard JF, Hansen TVO, Klein K, Jönsson G, Drzewiecki KT, Dunø M, Hayward NK, Gerdes AM. Molecular characterization of melanoma cases in Denmark suspected of genetic predisposition. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122662. [PMID: 25803691 PMCID: PMC4372390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both environmental and host factors influence risk of cutaneous
melanoma (CM), and worldwide, the incidence varies depending on constitutional determinants of skin type and pigmentation, latitude, and patterns of sun exposure. We performed genetic analysis of CDKN2A, CDK4, BAP1, MC1R, and MITFp.E318K in Danish high-risk melanoma cases and found CDKN2A germline mutations in 11.3% of CM families with three or more affected individuals, including four previously undescribed mutations. Rare mutations were also seen in CDK4 and BAP1, while MC1R variants were common, occurring at more than twice the frequency compared to Danish controls. The MITF p.E318K variant similarly occurred at an approximately three-fold higher frequency in melanoma cases than controls. To conclude, we propose that mutation screening of CDKN2A and CDK4 in Denmark should predominantly be performed in families with at least 3 cases of CM. In addition, we recommend that testing of BAP1 should not be conducted routinely in CM families but should be reserved for families with CM and uveal melanoma, or mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin A. W. Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Lauren G. Aoude
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lotte Krogh
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University hospital of Odense, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lone Sunde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University hospital of Århus, Århus, Denmark
| | - Anders Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle hospital, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nine Wartacz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Ek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Åke Borg
- Department of Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Eye Pathology Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens F. Kiilgaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas V. O. Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Göran Jönsson
- Department of Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Krzysztof T. Drzewiecki
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Breast Surgery and Burns, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Dunø
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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428
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Aoude LG, Wadt KAW, Pritchard AL, Hayward NK. Genetics of familial melanoma: 20 years after CDKN2A. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015; 28:148-60. [PMID: 25431349 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Twenty years ago, the first familial melanoma susceptibility gene, CDKN2A, was identified. Two years later, another high-penetrance gene, CDK4, was found to be responsible for melanoma development in some families. Progress in identifying new familial melanoma genes was subsequently slow; however, with the advent of next-generation sequencing, a small number of new high-penetrance genes have recently been uncovered. This approach has identified the lineage-specific oncogene MITF as a susceptibility gene both in melanoma families and in the general population, as well as the discovery of telomere maintenance as a key pathway underlying melanoma predisposition. Given these rapid recent advances, this approach seems likely to continue to pay dividends. Here, we review the currently known familial melanoma genes, providing evidence that most additionally confer risk to other cancers, indicating that they are likely general tumour suppressor genes or oncogenes, which has significant implications for surveillance and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Aoude
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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429
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Røe OD, Stella GM. Malignant pleural mesothelioma: history, controversy and future of a manmade epidemic. Eur Respir Rev 2015; 24:115-31. [PMID: 25726562 PMCID: PMC9487774 DOI: 10.1183/09059180.00007014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Asbestos is the term for a family of naturally occurring minerals that have been used on a small scale since ancient times. Industrialisation demanded increased mining and refining in the 20th century, and in 1960, Wagner, Sleggs and Marchand from South Africa linked asbestos to mesothelioma, paving the way to the current knowledge of the aetiology, epidemiology and biology of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Pleural mesothelioma is one of the most lethal cancers, with increasing incidence worldwide. This review will give some snapshots of the history of pleural mesothelioma discovery, and the body of epidemiological and biological research, including some of the controversies and unresolved questions. Translational research is currently unravelling novel circulating biomarkers for earlier diagnosis and novel treatment targets. Current breakthrough discoveries of clinically promising noninvasive biomarkers, such as the 13-protein signature, microRNAs and the BAP1 mesothelioma/cancer syndrome, are highlighted. The asbestos history is a lesson to not be repeated, but here we also review recent in vivo and in vitro studies showing that manmade carbon nanofibres could pose a similar danger to human health. This should be taken seriously by regulatory bodies to ensure thorough testing of novel materials before release in the society. Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a cancer with increasing death tolls due to the past and present use of asbestoshttp://ow.ly/DhA2y
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430
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Liao L, Testa JR, Yang H. The roles of chromatin-remodelers and epigenetic modifiers in kidney cancer. Cancer Genet 2015; 208:206-14. [PMID: 25873528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the major subtype of kidney cancer that is characterized by frequent inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene in 80-90% of the tumors. Recent reports using massive parallel sequencing technologies have discovered additional cancer driver genes. PBRM1 was found to be mutated in about 40% of ccRCC tumors, whereas BAP1 and SETD2 were each mutated in about 10-15% of ccRCC tumors. JARID1C and UTX, two histone H3 demethylases, were also found to harbor mutations in ccRCC, albeit at lower rates. ccRCC tumors display a high degree of intra-tumoral heterogeneity, with some mutations present in all cancer cells (ubiquitous), whereas others are subclonal. The VHL mutations were always ubiquitous in the tumors; PBRM1 mutations were also ubiquitous but to a lesser extent. On the contrary, mutations in BAP1, SETD2, JARID1C, and UTX were all subclonal, meaning that they were present in a subset of cancer cells in a tumor. The prognostic value of PBRM1 mutations in ccRCC is still controversial, whereas BAP1 mutations were tightly linked to worse clinical outcomes in multiple studies. The molecular functions of these newly identified cancer driver genes are discussed, and they were known readers, writers, or erasers of histone marks on histone H2 and H3 tails that are very close to each other, suggesting that these factors might functionally interact and affect common pathways. The studies on these newly identified tumor suppressors will shed light on ccRCC tumorigenesis and development, and will likely lead to development of novel therapeutic interventions for ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liao
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joseph R Testa
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
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431
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Sahtoe DD, van Dijk WJ, El Oualid F, Ekkebus R, Ovaa H, Sixma TK. Mechanism of UCH-L5 activation and inhibition by DEUBAD domains in RPN13 and INO80G. Mol Cell 2015; 57:887-900. [PMID: 25702870 PMCID: PMC4352763 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) control vital processes in eukaryotes by hydrolyzing ubiquitin adducts. Their activities are tightly regulated, but the mechanisms remain elusive. In particular, the DUB UCH-L5 can be either activated or inhibited by conserved regulatory proteins RPN13 and INO80G, respectively. Here we show how the DEUBAD domain in RPN13 activates UCH-L5 by positioning its C-terminal ULD domain and crossover loop to promote substrate binding and catalysis. The related DEUBAD domain in INO80G inhibits UCH-L5 by exploiting similar structural elements in UCH-L5 to promote a radically different conformation, and employs molecular mimicry to block ubiquitin docking. In this process, large conformational changes create small but highly specific interfaces that mediate activity modulation of UCH-L5 by altering the affinity for substrates. Our results establish how related domains can exploit enzyme conformational plasticity to allosterically regulate DUB activity. These allosteric sites may present novel insights for pharmaceutical intervention in DUB activity. The RPN13 DEUBAD domain activates UCH-L5 by positioning its CL and ULD domain The INO80G DEUBAD domain inhibits UCH-L5 by blocking ubiquitin binding The FRF hairpin in the DEUBAD domain of INO80G drives UCH-L5 inhibition DEUBAD domains regulate UCH-L5 activity by tuning UCH-L5 substrate affinity
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny D Sahtoe
- Division of Biochemistry and Cancer Genomics Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willem J van Dijk
- Division of Biochemistry and Cancer Genomics Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Farid El Oualid
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; UbiQ, Science Park 408, 1098XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reggy Ekkebus
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Titia K Sixma
- Division of Biochemistry and Cancer Genomics Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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432
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Faig J, Howard S, Levine EA, Casselman G, Hesdorffer M, Ohar JA. Changing pattern in malignant mesothelioma survival. Transl Oncol 2015; 8:35-9. [PMID: 25749175 PMCID: PMC4350634 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Survival for mesothelioma has been shown to be poor, with marginal improvement over time. Recent advances in the understanding of pathophysiology and treatment of mesothelioma may impact therapy to improve survival that may not be evident from available clinical trials that are often small and not randomized. Therapies may affect survival differently based on mesothelioma location (pleural vs peritoneal). Data are conflicting regarding the effect of asbestos exposure on mesothelioma location. OBJECTIVES We examined survival in a large cohort of mesothelioma subjects analyzed by tumor location and presence and mode of asbestos exposure. METHODS Data were analyzed from cases (n = 380) diagnosed with mesothelioma from 1992 to 2012. Cases were either drawn from treatment referrals, independent medical evaluation for medical legal purposes, or volunteers who were diagnosed with mesothelioma. Subjects completed an occupational medical questionnaire, personal interview with the examining physician, and physician review of the medical record. RESULTS This study reports better survival for mesothelioma than historical reports. Survival for peritoneal mesothelioma was longer than that for pleural mesothelioma (hazard ratio = 0.36, 95% confidence interval = 0.24-0.54, P < .001) after adjusting for gender and age at diagnosis. Non-occupational cases were more likely to be 1) diagnosed with peritoneal mesothelioma, 2) female, 3) exposed, and 4) diagnosed at a younger age and to have a 5) shorter latency compared to occupational cases (P < .001). CONCLUSION Peritoneal mesothelioma was more likely associated with non-occupational exposure, thus emphasizing the importance of exposure history in enhancing early diagnosis and treatment impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Faig
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Suzanne Howard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Edward A Levine
- Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | | | - Mary Hesdorffer
- Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation (MARF), Alexandria, VA, USA.
| | - Jill A Ohar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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433
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Rusch A, Ziltener G, Nackaerts K, Weder W, Stahel RA, Felley-Bosco E. Prevalence of BRCA-1 associated protein 1 germline mutation in sporadic malignant pleural mesothelioma cases. Lung Cancer 2015; 87:77-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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434
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Pan-cancer network analysis identifies combinations of rare somatic mutations across pathways and protein complexes. Nat Genet 2014; 47:106-14. [PMID: 25501392 PMCID: PMC4444046 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 576] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancers exhibit extensive mutational heterogeneity and the resulting long tail
phenomenon complicates the discovery of the genes and pathways that are significantly
mutated in cancer. We perform a Pan-Cancer analysis of mutated networks in 3281 samples
from 12 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) using HotNet2, a novel algorithm
to find mutated subnetworks that overcomes limitations of existing single gene and
pathway/network approaches.. We identify 14 significantly mutated subnetworks that include
well-known cancer signaling pathways as well as subnetworks with less characterized roles
in cancer including cohesin, condensin, and others. Many of these subnetworks exhibit
co-occurring mutations across samples. These subnetworks contain dozens of genes with rare
somatic mutations across multiple cancers; many of these genes have additional evidence
supporting a role in cancer. By illuminating these rare combinations of mutations,
Pan-Cancer network analyses provide a roadmap to investigate new diagnostic and
therapeutic opportunities across cancer types.
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435
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Wang Y, Thomas A, Lau C, Rajan A, Zhu Y, Killian JK, Petrini I, Pham T, Morrow B, Zhong X, Meltzer PS, Giaccone G. Mutations of epigenetic regulatory genes are common in thymic carcinomas. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7336. [PMID: 25482724 PMCID: PMC4258655 DOI: 10.1038/srep07336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations and etiology of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are largely unknown, hampering the development of effective targeted therapies for patients with TETs. Here TETs of advanced-stage patients enrolled in a clinical trial of molecularly-guided targeted therapies were employed for targeted sequencing of 197 cancer-associated genes. Comparative sequence analysis of 78 TET/blood paired samples obtained from 47 thymic carcinoma (TC) and 31 thymoma patients revealed a total of 86 somatic non-synonymous sequence variations across 39 different genes in 33 (42%) TETs. TCs (62%; 29/47) showed higher incidence of somatic non-synonymous mutations than thymomas (13%; 4/31; p < 0.0001). TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene in TETs (n = 13; 17%), especially in TCs (26%), and was associated with a poorer overall survival (p < 0.0001). Genes in histone modification [BAP1 (n = 6; 13%), SETD2 (n = 5; 11%), ASXL1 (n = 2; 4%)], chromatin remodeling [SMARCA4 (n = 2; 4%)], and DNA methylation [DNMT3A (n = 3; 7%), TET2 (n = 2; 4%), WT1 (n = 2; 4%)] pathways were recurrently mutated in TCs, but not in thymomas. Our results suggest a potential disruption of epigenetic homeostasis in TCs, and a substantial difference in genetic makeup between TCs and thymomas. Further investigation is warranted into the roles of epigenetic dysregulation in TC development and its potential for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisong Wang
- 1] Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892 [2] Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC 20007
| | - Anish Thomas
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Christopher Lau
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Arun Rajan
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yuelin Zhu
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - J Keith Killian
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Iacopo Petrini
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Trung Pham
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Betsy Morrow
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC 20007
| | - Paul S Meltzer
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Giuseppe Giaccone
- 1] Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892 [2] Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC 20007
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436
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Comertpay S, Pastorino S, Tanji M, Mezzapelle R, Strianese O, Napolitano A, Baumann F, Weigel T, Friedberg J, Sugarbaker P, Krausz T, Wang E, Powers A, Gaudino G, Kanodia S, Pass HI, Parsons BL, Yang H, Carbone M. Evaluation of clonal origin of malignant mesothelioma. J Transl Med 2014; 12:301. [PMID: 25471750 PMCID: PMC4255423 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hypothesis that most cancers are of monoclonal origin is often accepted as a fact in the scientific community. This dogma arose decades ago, primarily from the study of hematopoietic malignancies and sarcomas, which originate as monoclonal tumors. The possible clonal origin of malignant mesothelioma (MM) has not been investigated. Asbestos inhalation induces a chronic inflammatory response at sites of fiber deposition that may lead to malignant transformation after 30-50 years latency. As many mesothelial cells are simultaneously exposed to asbestos fibers and to asbestos-induced inflammation, it may be possible that more than one cell undergoes malignant transformation during the process that gives rise to MM, and result in a polyclonal malignancy. Methods and results To investigate the clonality patterns of MM, we used the HUMARA (Human Androgen Receptor) assay to examine 16 biopsies from 14 women MM patients. Out of 16 samples, one was non-informative due to skewed Lyonization in its normal adjacent tissue. Fourteen out of the 15 informative samples revealed two electrophoretically distinct methylated HUMARA alleles, the Corrected Allele Ratio (CR) calculated on the allele peak areas indicating polyclonal origin MM. Conclusions Our results show that MM originate as polyclonal tumors and suggest that the carcinogenic “field effect” of mineral fibers leads to several premalignant clones that give rise to these polyclonal malignancies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-014-0301-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michele Carbone
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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437
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Gaudino G, Yang H, Carbone M. HGF/Met Signaling Is a Key Player in Malignant Mesothelioma Carcinogenesis. Biomedicines 2014; 2:327-344. [PMID: 28548074 PMCID: PMC5344271 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines2040327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a highly aggressive cancer related to asbestos or erionite exposure and resistant to current therapies. Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) and its tyrosine kinase receptor Met regulate cell growth, survival, motility/migration, and invasion. HGF and Met are expressed in MM cells, suggesting that the HGF/Met signaling plays a role in development and progression of this tumor, by autocrine and/or paracrine mechanisms. Upregulation and ligand-independent activation of Met, which is under suppressive control of miR-34 family members, correlate with enhanced invasion, migration and metastatic potential in several cancers, including MM. Moreover, Simian Virus 40 (SV40) Tag expression also induces a HGF autocrine circuit in an Rb-dependent manner in human mesothelial cells (HM) and possibly other cell types, enhancing cell adhesion, invasion and angiogenesis. The resulting activation of Met causes HM transformation and cell cycle progression, and contributes to virus particle assembling and infection of adjacent cells. The constitutive activation of Met, frequently occurring in MM, has been successfully targeted in preclinical models of MM. In conclusion, Met expression, activation state, subcellular localization and also HGF co-receptors expression, such as CD44, have clinical relevance for novel targeted therapies in a cancer for which no effective treatment is currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gaudino
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Haining Yang
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Michele Carbone
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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438
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Avril MF, Bahadoran P, Cabaret O, Caron O, de la Fouchardière A, Demenais F, Desjardins L, Frébourg T, Hammel P, Leccia MT, Lesueur F, Mahé E, Martin L, Maubec E, Remenieras A, Richard S, Robert C, Soufir N, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Thomas L, Vabres P, Bressac-de Paillerets B. [Recommendations for genetic testing and management of individuals genetically at-risk of cutaneous melanoma]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2014; 142:26-36. [PMID: 25600792 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2014.09.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a multifactorial disease resulting from both environmental and genetic factors. Five susceptibility genes have been identified over the past years, comprising high-risk susceptibility genes (CDKN2A, CDK4, and BAP1 genes) and intermediate-risk susceptibility genes (MITF, and MC1R genes). The aim of this expert consensus was to define clinical contexts justifying genetic analyses, to describe the conduct of these analyses, and to propose surveillance recommendations. Given the regulatory constraints, it is recommended that dermatologists work in tandem with a geneticist. Genetic analysis may be prescribed when at least two episodes of histologically proven invasive cutaneous melanoma have been diagnosed before the age of 75 years in two 1st or 2nd degree relatives or in the same individual. The occurrence in the same individual or in a relative of invasive cutaneous melanoma with ocular melanoma, pancreatic cancer, renal cancer, mesothelioma or a central nervous system tumour are also indications for genetic testing. Management is based upon properly managed photoprotection and dermatological monitoring according to genetic status. Finally, depending on the mutated gene and the familial history, associated tumour risks require specific management (e.g. ocular melanoma, pancreatic cancer). Due to the rapid progress in genetics, these recommendations will need to be updated regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-F Avril
- Service de dermatologie, groupe hospitalier Cochin-Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, AP-HP, pavillon Tarnier, 89, rue d'Assas, 75006 Paris, France
| | - P Bahadoran
- Inserm U895, service de dermatologie, hôpital Archet 2, CHU, 151, route Saint-Antoine-Ginestiere, BP 79, 06200 Nice cedex 3, France
| | - O Cabaret
- Service de génétique, département de biologie et pathologie médicales, Gustave-Roussy, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif cedex, France
| | - O Caron
- Consultation d'oncogénétique, Gustave-Roussy, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - A de la Fouchardière
- Département de biopathologie, centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - F Demenais
- Inserm, UMR946, variabilité génétique et maladies humaines, fondation Jean-Dausset, CEPH, 27, rue Juliette-Dodu, 75010 Paris, France
| | - L Desjardins
- Service d'ophtalmologie, institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - T Frébourg
- Inserm U1079, service de génétique, CHU de Rouen, IRIB, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, 22, boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen cedex, France
| | - P Hammel
- Service de gastro-entérologie-pancréatologie, hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, 100, boulevard du Général-Leclerc, 92118 Clichy cedex, France
| | - M-T Leccia
- Service de dermatologie, CHU Michallon, BP 217, 38043 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - F Lesueur
- Inserm U900, équipe épidémiologie génétique des cancers, institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - E Mahé
- Service de dermatologie, centre hospitalier Victor-Dupouy, 69, rue du Lieutenant-Colonel-Prud'hon, 95107 Argenteuil cedex, France
| | - L Martin
- Service de dermatologie, CHU d'Angers, université d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933 Angers cedex 9, France
| | - E Maubec
- Inserm, UMR946, variabilité génétique et maladies humaines, fondation Jean-Dausset, CEPH, 27, rue Juliette-Dodu, 75010 Paris, France; Service de dermatologie, hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
| | - A Remenieras
- Département d'oncologie génétique, institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232, boulevard Saint-Marguerite, 13273 Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - S Richard
- Service d'urologie, hôpital Bicêtre, Centre expert national cancers rares INCa PREDIR, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France
| | - C Robert
- Service de dermatologie, Gustave-Roussy, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - N Soufir
- Inserm U976, laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, unité fonctionnelle de génétique, hôpital Xavier-Bichat-Claude-Bernard, AP-HP, Paris 7 université, 75018 Paris, France
| | - D Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Inserm U830, service de génétique, département de biologie des tumeurs, institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - L Thomas
- Service de dermatologie, centre hospitalier Lyon Sud, université Lyon 1, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69495 Pierre-Bénite cedex, France
| | - P Vabres
- Service de dermatologie, CHU de Dijon, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
| | - B Bressac-de Paillerets
- Service de génétique, département de biologie et pathologie médicales, Gustave-Roussy, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif cedex, France.
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439
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Baumann F, Flores E, Napolitano A, Kanodia S, Taioli E, Pass H, Yang H, Carbone M. Mesothelioma patients with germline BAP1 mutations have 7-fold improved long-term survival. Carcinogenesis 2014; 36:76-81. [PMID: 25380601 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) mutations cause a new cancer syndrome, with a high rate of malignant mesothelioma (MM). Here, we tested the hypothesis that MM associated with germline BAP1 mutations has a better prognosis compared with sporadic MM. We compared survival among germline BAP1 mutation MM patients with that of all MM (N = 10 556) recorded in the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data from 1973 to 2010. We identified 23 MM patients--11 alive--with germline BAP1 mutations and available data on survival. Ten patients had peritoneal MM, ten pleural MM and three MM in both locations. Thirteen patients had one or more malignancies in addition to MM. Actuarial median survival for the MM patients with germline BAP1 mutations was 5 years, as compared with <1 year for the median survival in the United States SEER MM group. Five-year survival was 47%, 95% confidence interval (24-67%), as compared with 6.7% (6.2-7.3%) in the control SEER group. Analysis of the pooled cohort of germline BAP1 mutation MM showed that patients with peritoneal MM (median survival of 10 years, P = 0.0571), or with a second malignancy in addition to MM (median survival of 10 years, P = 0.0716), survived for a longer time compared with patients who only had pleural MM, or MM patients without a second malignancy, respectively. In conclusion, we found that MM patients with germline BAP1 mutations have an overall 7-fold increased long-term survival, independently of sex and age. Appropriate genetic counseling and clinical management should be considered for MM patients who are also BAP1 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Flores
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Andrea Napolitano
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Shreya Kanodia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute-Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Department of Population Health, Hofstra-North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, NY 11021, USA and
| | - Harvey Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Haining Yang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Michele Carbone
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA,
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440
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Wadt KAW, Aoude LG, Johansson P, Solinas A, Pritchard A, Crainic O, Andersen MT, Kiilgaard JF, Heegaard S, Sunde L, Federspiel B, Madore J, Thompson JF, McCarthy SW, Goodwin A, Tsao H, Jönsson G, Busam K, Gupta R, Trent JM, Gerdes AM, Brown KM, Scolyer RA, Hayward NK. A recurrent germline BAP1 mutation and extension of the BAP1 tumor predisposition spectrum to include basal cell carcinoma. Clin Genet 2014; 88:267-72. [PMID: 25225168 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report four previously undescribed families with germline BRCA1-associated protein-1 gene (BAP1) mutations and expand the clinical phenotype of this tumor syndrome. The tumor spectrum in these families is predominantly uveal malignant melanoma (UMM), cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) and mesothelioma, as previously reported for germline BAP1 mutations. However, mutation carriers from three new families, and one previously reported family, developed basal cell carcinoma (BCC), thus suggesting inclusion of BCC in the phenotypic spectrum of the BAP1 tumor syndrome. This notion is supported by the finding of loss of BAP1 protein expression by immunochemistry in two BCCs from individuals with germline BAP1 mutations and no loss of BAP1 staining in 53 of sporadic BCCs consistent with somatic mutations and loss of heterozygosity of the gene in the BCCs occurring in mutation carriers. Lastly, we identify the first reported recurrent mutation in BAP1 (p.R60X), which occurred in three families from two different continents. In two of the families, the mutation was inherited from a common founder but it arose independently in the third family.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A W Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L G Aoude
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Genetics and Computational Biology, Brisbane, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P Johansson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Genetics and Computational Biology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A Solinas
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Pritchard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Genetics and Computational Biology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - O Crainic
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - M T Andersen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J F Kiilgaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Heegaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Eye Pathology Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Sunde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - B Federspiel
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Madore
- Melanoma Institute Australia, North Sydney, Australia
| | - J F Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, North Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S W McCarthy
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, North Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Goodwin
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - H Tsao
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Jönsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - K Busam
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Gupta
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - J M Trent
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - A-M Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K M Brown
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R A Scolyer
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, North Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - N K Hayward
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Genetics and Computational Biology, Brisbane, Australia
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441
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Lee HS, Lee SA, Hur SK, Seo JW, Kwon J. Stabilization and targeting of INO80 to replication forks by BAP1 during normal DNA synthesis. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5128. [PMID: 25283999 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The INO80 chromatin-remodelling complex has been implicated in DNA replication during stress in yeast. However, its role in normal DNA replication and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that INO80 binds to replication forks and promotes fork progression in human cells under unperturbed, normal conditions. We find that Ino80, which encodes the catalytic ATPase of INO80, is essential for mouse embryonic DNA replication and development. Ino80 is recruited to replication forks through interaction with ubiquitinated H2A--aided by BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1), a tumour suppressor and nuclear de-ubiquitinating enzyme that also functions to stabilize Ino80. Importantly, Ino80 is downregulated in BAP1-defective cancer cells due to the lack of an Ino80 stabilization mechanism via BAP1. Our results establish a role for INO80 in normal DNA replication and uncover a mechanism by which this remodeler is targeted to replication forks, suggesting a molecular basis for the tumour-suppressing function of BAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sae Lee
- Department of Life Science, The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Shin-Ai Lee
- Department of Life Science, The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Shin-Kyoung Hur
- Department of Life Science, The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jeong-Wook Seo
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Jongbum Kwon
- Department of Life Science, The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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442
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Ai J, Stevenson JP. Current issues in malignant pleural mesothelioma evaluation and management. Oncologist 2014; 19:975-84. [PMID: 25061089 PMCID: PMC4153452 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an uncommon disease most often associated with occupational asbestos exposure and is steadily increasing in worldwide incidence. Patients typically present at an older age, with advanced clinical stage and other medical comorbidities, making management quite challenging. Despite great efforts, the prognosis of MPM remains poor, especially at progression after initial treatment. Macroscopic complete resection of MPM can be achieved through extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) or extended (ie, radical) pleurectomy (e-P/D) in selected patients and can result in prolonged survival when incorporated into a multimodality approach. Given the morbidity associated with surgical resection of MPM, optimizing identification of appropriate patients is essential. Unfortunately, most patients are not candidates for EPP or e-P/D due to advanced stage, age, and/or medical comorbidity. Pemetrexed and platinum combination chemotherapy has become the cornerstone of therapy for patients with unresectable disease because the combination is associated with improved survival and quality of life in treated patients. However, MPM eventually becomes resistant to initial therapy, and benefit to further lines of therapy has not been substantiated in randomized clinical trials. Translational research has provided exciting insights into tumorigenesis, biomarkers, and immune response in MPM, leading to the development of multiple novel therapeutic agents that are currently in clinical trials. These advances hold the promise of a new era in the treatment of MPM and suggest that this disease will not be left behind in the war on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ai
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James P Stevenson
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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443
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Jhunjhunwala S, Jiang Z, Stawiski EW, Gnad F, Liu J, Mayba O, Du P, Diao J, Johnson S, Wong KF, Gao Z, Li Y, Wu TD, Kapadia SB, Modrusan Z, French DM, Luk JM, Seshagiri S, Zhang Z. Diverse modes of genomic alteration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Genome Biol 2014; 15:436. [PMID: 25159915 PMCID: PMC4189592 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-014-0436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous disease with high mortality rate. Recent genomic studies have identified TP53, AXIN1, and CTNNB1 as the most frequently mutated genes. Lower frequency mutations have been reported in ARID1A, ARID2 and JAK1. In addition, hepatitis B virus (HBV) integrations into the human genome have been associated with HCC. RESULTS Here, we deep-sequence 42 HCC patients with a combination of whole genome, exome and transcriptome sequencing to identify the mutational landscape of HCC using a reasonably large discovery cohort. We find frequent mutations in TP53, CTNNB1 and AXIN1, and rare but likely functional mutations in BAP1 and IDH1. Besides frequent hepatitis B virus integrations at TERT, we identify translocations at the boundaries of TERT. A novel deletion is identified in CTNNB1 in a region that is heavily mutated in multiple cancers. We also find multiple high-allelic frequency mutations in the extracellular matrix protein LAMA2. Lower expression levels of LAMA2 correlate with a proliferative signature, and predict poor survival and higher chance of cancer recurrence in HCC patients, suggesting an important role of the extracellular matrix and cell adhesion in tumor progression of a subgroup of HCC patients. CONCLUSIONS The heterogeneous disease of HCC features diverse modes of genomic alteration. In addition to common point mutations, structural variations and methylation changes, there are several virus-associated changes, including gene disruption or activation, formation of chimeric viral-human transcripts, and DNA copy number changes. Such a multitude of genomic events likely contributes to the heterogeneous nature of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchit Jhunjhunwala
- />Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Zhaoshi Jiang
- />Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Eric W Stawiski
- />Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
- />Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Florian Gnad
- />Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- />Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Oleg Mayba
- />Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Pan Du
- />Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Jingyu Diao
- />Department of Infectious diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Stephanie Johnson
- />Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Kwong-Fai Wong
- />Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Zhibo Gao
- />BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | | | - Thomas D Wu
- />Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Sharookh B Kapadia
- />Department of Infectious diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- />Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Dorothy M French
- />Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - John M Luk
- />Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- />Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
- />Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Somasekar Seshagiri
- />Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Zemin Zhang
- />Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
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444
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van Essen TH, van Pelt SI, Versluis M, Bronkhorst IHG, van Duinen SG, Marinkovic M, Kroes WGM, Ruivenkamp CAL, Shukla S, de Klein A, Kiliç E, Harbour JW, Luyten GPM, van der Velden PA, Verdijk RM, Jager MJ. Prognostic parameters in uveal melanoma and their association with BAP1 expression. Br J Ophthalmol 2014; 98:1738-43. [PMID: 25147369 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether BAP1 gene and protein expression associates with different prognostic parameters in uveal melanoma and whether BAP1 expression correctly identifies patients as being at risk for metastases, following enucleation of the primary tumour. METHODS Thirty cases of uveal melanoma obtained by enucleation between 1999 and 2004 were analysed for a variety of prognostic markers, including histological characteristics, chromosome aberrations obtained by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis and gene expression profiling. These parameters were compared with BAP1 gene expression and BAP1 immunostaining. RESULTS The presence of monosomy of chromosome 3 as identified by the different chromosome 3 tests showed significantly increased HRs (FISH on isolated nuclei cut-off 30%: HR 11.6, p=0.002; SNP analysis: HR 20.3, p=0.004) for death due to metastasis. The gene expression profile class 2, based on the 15-gene expression profile, similarly provided a significantly increased HR for a poor outcome (HR 8.5, p=0.005). Lower BAP1 gene expression and negative BAP1 immunostaining (50% of 28 tumours were immunonegative) were both associated with these markers for prognostication: FISH cut-off 30% monosomy 3 (BAP1 gene expression: p=0.037; BAP1 immunostaining: p=0.001), SNP-monosomy 3 (BAP1 gene expression: p=0.008; BAP1 immunostaining: p=0.002) and class 2 profile (BAP1 gene expression: p<0.001; BAP1 immunostaining: p=0.001) and were themselves associated with an increased risk of death due to metastasis (BAP1 gene expression dichotomised: HR 8.7, p=0.006; BAP1 immunostaining: HR 4.0, p=0.010). CONCLUSIONS Loss of BAP1 expression associated well with all of the methods currently used for prognostication and was itself predictive of death due to metastasis in uveal melanoma after enucleation, thereby emphasising the importance of further research on the role of BAP1 in uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Huibertus van Essen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sake I van Pelt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Versluis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Inge H G Bronkhorst
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd G van Duinen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Marinkovic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma G M Kroes
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia A L Ruivenkamp
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Shruti Shukla
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emine Kiliç
- Department of Human Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J William Harbour
- Ocular Oncology Service, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Gregorius P M Luyten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A van der Velden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob M Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
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445
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Xu J, Kadariya Y, Cheung M, Pei J, Talarchek J, Sementino E, Tan Y, Menges CW, Cai KQ, Litwin S, Peng H, Karar J, Rauscher FJ, Testa JR. Germline mutation of Bap1 accelerates development of asbestos-induced malignant mesothelioma. Cancer Res 2014; 74:4388-97. [PMID: 24928783 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesotheliomas are highly aggressive tumors usually caused by exposure to asbestos. Germline-inactivating mutations of BAP1 predispose to mesothelioma and certain other cancers. However, why mesothelioma is the predominate malignancy in some BAP1 families and not others, and whether exposure to asbestos is required for development of mesothelioma in BAP1 mutation carriers are not known. To address these questions experimentally, we generated a Bap1(+/-) knockout mouse model to assess its susceptibility to mesothelioma upon chronic exposure to asbestos. Bap1(+/-) mice exhibited a significantly higher incidence of asbestos-induced mesothelioma than wild-type (WT) littermates (73% vs. 32%, respectively). Furthermore, mesotheliomas arose at an accelerated rate in Bap1(+/-) mice than in WT animals (median survival, 43 weeks vs. 55 weeks after initial exposure, respectively) and showed increased invasiveness and proliferation. No spontaneous mesotheliomas were seen in unexposed Bap1(+/-) mice followed for up to 87 weeks of age. Mesothelioma cells from Bap1(+/-) mice showed biallelic inactivation of Bap1, consistent with its proposed role as a recessive cancer susceptibility gene. Unlike in WT mice, mesotheliomas from Bap1(+/-) mice did not require homozygous loss of Cdkn2a. However, normal mesothelial cells and mesothelioma cells from Bap1(+/-) mice showed downregulation of Rb through a p16(Ink4a)-independent mechanism, suggesting that predisposition of Bap1(+/-) mice to mesothelioma may be facilitated, in part, by cooperation between Bap1 and Rb. Drawing parallels to human disease, these unbiased genetic findings indicate that BAP1 mutation carriers are predisposed to the tumorigenic effects of asbestos and suggest that high penetrance of mesothelioma requires such environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfei Xu
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuwaraj Kadariya
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mitchell Cheung
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jianming Pei
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Eleonora Sementino
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yinfei Tan
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Craig W Menges
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samuel Litwin
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hongzhuang Peng
- Gene Expression and Regulation, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jayashree Karar
- Gene Expression and Regulation, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Frank J Rauscher
- Gene Expression and Regulation, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph R Testa
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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446
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an update on the rapidly evolving methods for assessing prognosis and predicting response to targeted molecular therapy in uveal melanoma. RECENT FINDINGS The techniques for assessing prognosis in uveal melanoma have evolved from simple physical features, such as tumor size, location, and cell morphology, to the slightly more sophisticated counting of chromosomal gains and losses. More recently, gene expression profiling has provided a highly accurate and biologically informative gold standard for molecular prognostication. The latest step in the evolution of molecular testing has been the recent discovery of major driver mutations that allow predictive testing of response to targeted molecular therapies. Mutations in GNAQ and GNA11 are early events that promote cell proliferation, and these mutations are sensitive to MAPK kinase, PKC, and AKT inhibitors. Mutations in BAP1, SF3B1, and EIF1AX are later events that are largely mutually exclusive. Mutations in BAP1 are strongly associated with metastasis, whereas those in SF3B1 and EIF1AX are associated with good prognosis. Uveal melanomas with BAP1 mutations demonstrate sensitivity to epigenetic modulators, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors. Clinical trials are now available to evaluate the efficacy of these targeted molecular agents in patients with uveal melanoma. SUMMARY Molecular prognostic testing and enrollment of high-risk patients into clinical trials of targeted molecular therapy are rapidly becoming the standard of care in the management of uveal melanoma.
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447
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Opitz I, D'Amico TA, Rocco G. The biomolecular era for thoracic surgeons: the example of the ESTS Biology Club. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6 Suppl 2:S265-71. [PMID: 24868444 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.05.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding basic mechanisms of lung disease may help to move forward the management of our patients. Molecular biology has affected our diagnostic and therapeutic pathways in the direction of personalized medicine not only for thoracic malignancies. Accordingly, thoracic surgeons are becoming increasingly aware that specific knowledge of genetic and epigenetic alterations may influence their clinical behavior-from the ward to the operating room (OR). In this continuously evolving scenario, surgical societies have perceived the increasing relevance of biomolecular medicine in the practice of modern thoracic surgery. More recently, in the spirit of mutual collaboration between sister societies, the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) has adopted the concept of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) incorporating one session dedicated to the Biology Club within the Annual Meeting Program. The aim of the ESTS Biology Club is to outline and sponsor the new profile of the surgeon scientist during the only world meeting exclusively focused on general thoracic surgery. The following article will summarize the significance of this and give an update on molecular biology tools for thoracic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Opitz
- 1 Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland ; 2 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA ; 3 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione Pascale, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Thomas A D'Amico
- 1 Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland ; 2 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA ; 3 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione Pascale, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Rocco
- 1 Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland ; 2 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA ; 3 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione Pascale, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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448
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Mashtalir N, Daou S, Barbour H, Sen N, Gagnon J, Hammond-Martel I, Dar H, Therrien M, Affar E. Autodeubiquitination Protects the Tumor Suppressor BAP1 from Cytoplasmic Sequestration Mediated by the Atypical Ubiquitin Ligase UBE2O. Mol Cell 2014; 54:392-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Singh JP, Zhang K, Wu J, Yang X. O-GlcNAc signaling in cancer metabolism and epigenetics. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:244-50. [PMID: 24769077 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The covalent attachment of β-D-N-acetylglucosamine monosaccharides (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins is a major regulatory mechanism in cell physiology. Aberrant O-GlcNAc modification of signaling proteins, metabolic enzymes, and transcriptional and epigenetic regulators has been implicated in cancer. Relentless growth of cancer cells requires metabolic reprogramming that is intertwined with changes in the epigenetic landscape. This review highlights the emerging role of protein O-GlcNAcylation at the interface of cancer metabolism and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Singh
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Kaisi Zhang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
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450
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Baymaz HI, Fournier A, Laget S, Ji Z, Jansen PWTC, Smits AH, Ferry L, Mensinga A, Poser I, Sharrocks A, Defossez PA, Vermeulen M. MBD5 and MBD6 interact with the human PR-DUB complex through their methyl-CpG-binding domain. Proteomics 2014; 14:2179-89. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Irem Baymaz
- Molecular Cancer Research; Cancer Genomics; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Fournier
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Université Paris Diderot; Paris France
| | - Sophie Laget
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Université Paris Diderot; Paris France
| | - Zongling Ji
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Pascal W. T. C. Jansen
- Molecular Cancer Research; Cancer Genomics; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Arne H. Smits
- Molecular Cancer Research; Cancer Genomics; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Laure Ferry
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Université Paris Diderot; Paris France
| | - Anneloes Mensinga
- Molecular Cancer Research; Cancer Genomics; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Ina Poser
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics; Dresden Germany
| | - Andrew Sharrocks
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | | | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Molecular Cancer Research; Cancer Genomics; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
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