401
|
Lu Q, Deng J, Hou Y, Wang H, Li H, Zhang Y. One-step electrochemical synthesis of ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets and their application to the detection of uric acid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:12251-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04231c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A one-step electrochemical method for synthesis of ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets is reported. This method does not need dangerous reagents and largely reduces the reaction time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiujun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
- P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
- P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
- P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
- P. R. China
| | - Haitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
- P. R. China
| | - Youyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
402
|
Wang XL, Fang WQ, Yao Y, Liu P, Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhao H, Yang HG. Switching the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 by homogenous surface chemical modification with nitrogen residues and vacancies. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00150a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile two-step homogenous approach is established to produce and control the nitrogen vacancies on the g-C3N4 photocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Material of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Wen Qi Fang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Material of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yefeng Yao
- Physics Department
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Tesonance
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Porun Liu
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy
- Gold Coast Campus
- Griffith University
- Australia
| | - Yun Wang
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy
- Gold Coast Campus
- Griffith University
- Australia
| | - Haimin Zhang
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy
- Gold Coast Campus
- Griffith University
- Australia
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy
- Gold Coast Campus
- Griffith University
- Australia
| | - Hua Gui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Material of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| |
Collapse
|
403
|
Tang Y, Wu D, Mai Y, Pan H, Cao J, Yang C, Zhang F, Feng X. A two-dimensional hybrid with molybdenum disulfide nanocrystals strongly coupled on nitrogen-enriched graphene via mild temperature pyrolysis for high performance lithium storage. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:14679-14685. [PMID: 25380029 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05519e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel 2D hybrid with MoS(2) nanocrystals strongly coupled on nitrogen-enriched graphene (MoS(2)/NG(g-C(3)N(4))) is realized by mild temperature pyrolysis (550 °C) of a self-assembled precursor (MoS(3)/g-C(3)N(4)-H(+)/GO). With rich active sites, the boosted electronic conductivity and the coupled structure, MoS(2)/NG(g-C(3)N(4)) achieves superior lithium storage performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai JiaoTong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
404
|
Nanoparticles of Graphitic Carbon Nitride: Stabilization in Aqueous Solutions, Spectral and Luminescent Properties. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-014-9378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
405
|
Enhancing the photocatalytic activity of bulk g-C3N4 by introducing mesoporous structure and hybridizing with graphene. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 436:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
406
|
A Comparative Study on the Role of Precursors of Graphitic Carbon Nitrides for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Direct Red 81. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.807.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) materials have been synthesized from nitrogen rich precursors such as urea and thiourea by directly heating at 520 °C for 2 h. The as-synthesized carbon nitride samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and particle size analysis. The photoelectrochemical measurements were performed using several on-off cycles under visible-light irradiation. The x-ray diffraction peak is broader which indicates the fine powder nature of the synthesized materials. The estimated crystallite size of carbon nitrides synthesized from urea (U-CN) and thiourea (T-CN) are 4.0 and 4.4 nm respectively. The particle size of U-CN and T-CN were analysed by particle size analyser and were found to be 57.3 and 273.3 nm respectively. The photocatalytic activity for the degradation of the textile dye namely, direct red-81 (DR81) using these carbon nitrides were carried out under visible light irradiation. In the present investigation, a comparison study on the carbon nitrides synthesized from cheap precursors such as urea and thiourea for the degradation of DR81 has been carried out. The results inferred that U-CN exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than T-CN. The photoelectrochemical studies confirmed that the (e--h+) charge carrier separation is more efficient in U-CN than that of T-CN and therefore showed high photocatalytic degradation. Further, the smaller particle size of U-CN is also responsible for the observed degradation trend.
Collapse
|
407
|
Ren HT, Jia SY, Wu Y, Wu SH, Zhang TH, Han X. Improved Photochemical Reactivities of Ag2O/g-C3N4 in Phenol Degradation under UV and Visible Light. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie503312x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, ‡School of Environmental
Science
and Engineering, and ∥Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Yi Jia
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, ‡School of Environmental
Science
and Engineering, and ∥Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, ‡School of Environmental
Science
and Engineering, and ∥Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Song-Hai Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, ‡School of Environmental
Science
and Engineering, and ∥Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Tian-He Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, ‡School of Environmental
Science
and Engineering, and ∥Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, ‡School of Environmental
Science
and Engineering, and ∥Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
408
|
Zhu J, Xiao P, Li H, Carabineiro SAC. Graphitic carbon nitride: synthesis, properties, and applications in catalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:16449-65. [PMID: 25215903 DOI: 10.1021/am502925j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride, g-C3N4, is a polymeric material consisting of C, N, and some impurity H, connected via tris-triazine-based patterns. Compared with the majority of carbon materials, it has electron-rich properties, basic surface functionalities and H-bonding motifs due to the presence of N and H atoms. It is thus regarded as a potential candidate to complement carbon in material applications. In this review, a brief introduction to g-C3N4 is given, the methods used for synthesizing this material with different textural structures and surface morphologies are described, and its physicochemical properties are referred. In addition, four aspects of the applications of g-C3N4 in catalysis are discussed: (1) as a base metal-free catalyst for NO decomposition, (2) as a reference material in differentiating oxygen activation sites for oxidation reactions over supported catalysts, (3) as a functional material to synthesize nanosized metal particles, and (4) as a metal-free catalyst for photocatalysis. The reasons for the use of g-C3N4 for such applications are also given, and we expect that this paper will inspire readers to search for further new applications for this material in catalysis and in other fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs & Commission Ministry of Education, South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan 430074, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
409
|
Sun H, Zhou G, Wang Y, Suvorova A, Wang S. A new metal-free carbon hybrid for enhanced photocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:16745-16754. [PMID: 25212502 DOI: 10.1021/am503820h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitride (C3N4) is a layered, stable, and polymeric metal-free material that has been discovered as a visible-light-response photocatalyst. Owing to C3N4 having a higher conduction band position, most previous studies have been focused on its reduction capability for solar fuel production, such as hydrogen generation from water splitting or hydrocarbon production from CO2. However, photooxidation ability of g-C3N4 is weak and has been less explored, especially for decomposition of chemically stable phenolics. Carbon spheres prepared by a hydrothermal carbonization of glucose have been widely applied as a support material or template due to their interesting physicochemical properties and the functional groups on the reactive surface. This study demonstrated that growth of carbon nanospheres onto g-C3N4 (CN-CS) can significantly increase the photooxidation ability (to about 4.79 times higher than that of pristine g-C3N4) in phenol degradation under artificial sunlight irradiations. The crystal structure, optical property, morphology, surface groups, recombination rate of electron/hole pairs, and thermal stability of CN-CS were investigated by a variety of characterization techniques. This study contributes to the further promising applications of carbon nitride in metal-free catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering and CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Curtin University , GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
410
|
Dong F, Wang Z, Li Y, Ho WK, Lee SC. Immobilization of polymeric g-C3N4 on structured ceramic foam for efficient visible light photocatalytic air purification with real indoor illumination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:10345-10353. [PMID: 25105692 DOI: 10.1021/es502290f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The immobilization of a photocatalyst on a proper support is pivotal for practical environmental applications. In this work, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a rising visible light photocatalyst was first immobilized on structured Al2O3 ceramic foam by a novel in situ approach. Immobilized g-C3N4 was applied for photocatalytic removal of 600 ppb level NO in air under real indoor illumination of an energy-saving lamp. The photocatalytic activity of immobilized g-C3N4 was gradually improved as the pyrolysis temperature was increased from 450 to 600 °C. The optimized conditions for g-C3N4 immobilization on Al2O3 supports can be achieved at 600 °C for 2 h. The NO removal ratio could reach up to 77.1%, exceeding that of other types of well-known immobilized photocatalysts. Immobilized g-C3N4 was stable in activity and can be used repeatedly without deactivation. The immobilization of g-C3N4 on Al2O3 ceramic foam was found to be firm enough to overwhelm the continuous air flowing, which can be ascribed to the special chemical interaction between g-C3N4 and Al2O3. On the basis of the 5,5'-dimethyl-1-pirroline-N-oxide electron spin resonance (DMPO ESR) spin trapping and reaction intermediate monitoring, the active species produced from g-C3N4 under illumination were confirmed and the reaction mechanism of photocatalytic NO oxidation by g-C3N4 was revealed. The present work could provide new perspectives for promoting large-scale environmental applications of supported photocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University , Chongqing 400067, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
411
|
Li Q, Zhang N, Yang Y, Wang G, Ng DHL. High efficiency photocatalysis for pollutant degradation with MoS2/C3N4 heterostructures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:8965-72. [PMID: 25017627 DOI: 10.1021/la502033t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Porous graphitic carbon nitride was synthesized by controllable thermal polymerization of urea in air. Their textural, electrical, and optical properties were tuned by varying the heating rate. The presence of proper residual oxygen in carbon nitride matrix had enhanced light absorption and inhibited the recombination of charge carriers. Furthermore, the MoS2 nanosheets were coupled into the carbon nitride to form MoS2/C3N4 heterostructures via a facile ultrasonic chemical method. The optimized MoS2/C3N4 heterostructure with 0.05 wt % MoS2 showed a reaction rate constant as high as 0.301 min(-1), which was 3.6 times that of bare carbon nitride. As analyzed by SEM, TEM, UV-vis absorption, PL and photoelectrochemical measurements, intimate contact interface, extended light response range, enhanced separation speed of charge carriers, and high photocurrent density upon MoS2 coupling led to the photocatalytic promotion of the MoS2/C3N4 heterostructures. In this architecture, MoS2 served as electron trapper to extend the lifetime of separated electron-hole pairs. Meanwhile, the accumulated holes on the surface of carbon nitride oxidized the organic dye directly, which was a predominant process in the photodegradation of organic pollutants in water treatment. The promotional mechanisms and principles reported here would have great significance in heterogeneous photocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
412
|
Lin Z, Wang X. Ionic liquid promoted synthesis of conjugated carbon nitride photocatalysts from urea. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:1547-50. [PMID: 24692300 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201400016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
To allow for simultaneous textural engineering and doping of carbon nitride materials with heteroatoms, urea has been polymerized with an ionic liquid. The role of urea is to create a delamination effect during carbon nitride synthesis, whereas ionic liquid functions as texture modifier as well as B/F dopant source. This will result in the rational fabrication of boron- and fluorine-containing 2D carbon nitride nanosheets with enhanced optical harvesting and charge separation capabilities for hydrogen evolution catalysis using visible light. We believe that the innovative modification strategy developed herein can be coupled with the already known modification tools of 2D carbon nitride, thus further developing a new family of light-harvesting 2D platforms for the efficient and sustained utilization of solar radiation for a variety of advanced applications, including CO2 photofixation, organic photosynthesis, and pollutant controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002 (PR China), Fax: (+86) 59183920097
| | | |
Collapse
|
413
|
Ye X, Zheng Y, Wang X. Synthesis of Ferrocene-Modified Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts by Surface Amidation Reaction for Phenol Synthesis. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
414
|
Yang Y, Guo W, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Yuan X, Guo Y. Fabrication of Z-scheme plasmonic photocatalyst Ag@AgBr/g-C₃N₄ with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 271:150-159. [PMID: 24632367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of Ag@AgBr grafted graphitic carbon nitride (Ag@AgBr/g-C3N4) plasmonic photocatalysts are fabricated through photoreducing AgBr/g-C3N4 hybrids prepared by deposition-precipitation method. The phase and chemical structures, electronic and optical properties as well as morphologies of Ag@AgBr/g-C3N4 heterostructures are well-characterized. Subsequently, the photocatalytic activity of Ag@AgBr/g-C3N4 is evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) and rhodamin B (RB) under visible-light irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag@AgBr/g-C3N4 compared with g-C3N4 and Ag@AgBr is obtained and explained in terms of the efficient visible-light utilization efficiency as well as the construction of Z-scheme, which keeps photogenerated electrons and holes with high reduction and oxidation capability, evidenced by photoelectrochemical tests and free radical and hole scavenging experiments. Based on the intermediates identified in the reaction system, the photocatalytic degradation pathway of MO is put forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Wan Guo
- School of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Yingna Guo
- School of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Yahui Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Xing Yuan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China.
| | - Yihang Guo
- School of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
415
|
Cao SW, Liu XF, Yuan YP, Zhang ZY, Fang J, Loo SCJ, Barber J, Sum TC, Xue C. Artificial photosynthetic hydrogen evolution over g-C3N4 nanosheets coupled with cobaloxime. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 15:18363-6. [PMID: 24072333 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53350f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report an economic and noble-metal-free artificial photosynthetic system, consisting of g-C3N4 as a photosensitizer and a photocatalyst, and cobaloxime as a co-catalyst, for H2 generation. This system allows for effective electron transfer from excited g-C3N4 to Co(III)(dmgH)2pyCl to generate reduced cobaloxime intermediate species for efficient H2 evolution. Transient fluorescence studies reveal that the presence of cobaloxime and TEOA promotes the population of excited electrons to transfer from g-C3N4, which is responsible for the high photocatalytic activity of this g-C3N4-cobaloxime conjugation system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wen Cao
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
416
|
Wang C, Guo Y, Yang Y, Chu S, Zhou C, Wang Y, Zou Z. Sulfur-doped polyimide photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:4321-4328. [PMID: 24588925 DOI: 10.1021/am500007u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-doped polyimide (SPI) photocatalysts were synthesized for the first time via an in situ thermal copolymerization method using sublimed sulfur (S4) as a dopant. Sulfur doping not only extended the absorption range of polyimide (PI) for visible light but also enhanced the oxidation ability of the photoinduced hole. The doped sulfur substitutes for the lattice nitrogen in triazine rings of PI to form the S-C bond and changes the distribution of negative charge in the two-dimensional plane of PI. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of SPI in the degradation of methyl orange is ascribed to the strong oxidation ability of the photoinduced hole of SPI and an effective suppression to the recombination of electrons and holes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Wang
- Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Kunshan Innovation Institute of Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
417
|
Ye X, Cui Y, Wang X. Ferrocene-modified carbon nitride for direct oxidation of benzene to phenol with visible light. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:738-742. [PMID: 24478150 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201301128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ferrocene moieties were heterogenized onto carbon nitride polymers by a covalent -C=N- linkage bridging the two conjugation systems, enabling the merging of the redox function of ferrocene with carbon nitride photocatalysis to construct a heterogeneous Photo-Fenton system for green organocatalysis at neutral conditions. The synergistic donor-acceptor interaction between the carbon nitride matrix and ferrocene group, improved exciton splitting, and coupled photocatalytic performance allowed the direct synthesis of phenol from benzene in the presence of H2 O2 under visible light irradiation. This innovative modification method will offer an avenue to construct functionalized two-dimensional polymers useful also for other green synthesis processes using solar irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002 (PR China), Fax: (+86) 59183920097
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
418
|
Li X, Wang Y, Kang L, Zhu M, Dai B. A novel, non-metallic graphitic carbon nitride catalyst for acetylene hydrochlorination. J Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
419
|
Zhang G, Zhang M, Ye X, Qiu X, Lin S, Wang X. Iodine modified carbon nitride semiconductors as visible light photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:805-9. [PMID: 24170645 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201303611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An optimized and general synthetic strategy based on in-situ iodine modifying of polymeric graphitic carbon nitride is discussed. The as-prepared iodine functionalized g-CN shows enhanced electronic and optical properties, as well as increased photocatalytic activities in an assay of hydrogen evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guigang Zhang
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis-State, Key Laboratory Breeding Base and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
420
|
Dong F, Ou M, Jiang Y, Guo S, Wu Z. Efficient and Durable Visible Light Photocatalytic Performance of Porous Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Air Purification. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4038104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Dong
- Chongqing
Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Functional Organic Molecules, College
of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Meiya Ou
- Chongqing
Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Functional Organic Molecules, College
of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Yanke Jiang
- Chongqing
Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Functional Organic Molecules, College
of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Zhongbiao Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
421
|
Dong F, Li Y, Ho W, Zhang H, Fu M, Wu Z. Synthesis of mesoporous polymeric carbon nitride exhibiting enhanced and durable visible light photocatalytic performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-0095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
422
|
Wang XL, Fang WQ, Yang S, Liu P, Zhao H, Yang HG. Structure disorder of graphitic carbon nitride induced by liquid-assisted grinding for enhanced photocatalytic conversion. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47824f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphitic-C3N4 with disordered structure was processed for the first time by a liquid-assisted planetary ball milling approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Material of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai, China
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy
| | - Wen Qi Fang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Material of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai, China
- QLD Micro and Nanotechnology Centre
| | - Shuang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Material of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Material of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai, China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy
- Gold Coast Campus
- Griffith University
- , Australia
| | - Hua Gui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Material of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai, China
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy
| |
Collapse
|
423
|
Sun M, Yan T, Yan Q, Liu H, Yan L, Zhang Y, Du B. Novel visible-light driven g-C3N4/Zn0.25Cd0.75S composite photocatalyst for efficient degradation of dyes and reduction of Cr(vi) in water. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01439a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of heterojunction structures at the interfaces of g-C3N4 and Zn0.25Cd0.75S greatly enhanced the photocatalytic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- School of Resources and Environment
- University of Jinan
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization
- Jinan 250022, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base
| | - Tao Yan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022, P.R. China
- School of Chemistry
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Qing Yan
- School of Resources and Environment
- University of Jinan
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization
- Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Hongye Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Liangguo Yan
- School of Resources and Environment
- University of Jinan
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization
- Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Yongfang Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment
- University of Jinan
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization
- Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Resources and Environment
- University of Jinan
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization
- Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
424
|
Sun M, Yan Q, Yan T, Li M, Wei D, Wang Z, Wei Q, Du B. Facile fabrication of 3D flower-like heterostructured g-C3N4/SnS2 composite with efficient photocatalytic activity under visible light. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03843f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of heterojunction between g-C3N4 and SnS2 greatly enhanced the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4/SnS2 compared with the mechanical mixed g-C3N4/SnS2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- School of Resources and Environment
- University of Jinan
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization
- Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yan
- School of Resources and Environment
- University of Jinan
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization
- Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022, P.R. China
- School of Chemistry
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Mengmeng Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Resources and Environment
- University of Jinan
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization
- Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Zhongpeng Wang
- School of Resources and Environment
- University of Jinan
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization
- Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Resources and Environment
- University of Jinan
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization
- Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
425
|
Chai B, Liao X, Song F, Zhou H. Fullerene modified C3N4composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:982-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52454j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
426
|
Shi L, Liang L, Wang F, Ma J, Sun J. Polycondensation of guanidine hydrochloride into a graphitic carbon nitride semiconductor with a large surface area as a visible light photocatalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00411f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
g-C3N4 prepared from guanidine hydrochloride exhibited a large surface area and a reduced recombination rate of electrons and holes, leading to improved photocatalytic activity for degrading RhB under visible light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- The Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Science
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080, China
| | - Lin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080, China
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Fangxiao Wang
- The Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Science
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jianmin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080, China
- The Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Science
- Harbin Institute of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
427
|
Huang Z, Li F, Chen B, Yuan G. Nanosheets of graphitic carbon nitride as metal-free environmental photocatalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00832d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanosheets of g-C3N4 with a surface area of 109.9 m2 g−1 exhibit better optical properties and enhanced photocatalytic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science
- Laboratory of Green Printing
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing, PR China
| | - Fengbo Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science
- Laboratory of Green Printing
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing, PR China
| | - Bingfeng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science
- Laboratory of Green Printing
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing, PR China
| | - Guoqing Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science
- Laboratory of Green Printing
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
428
|
Xiong M, Chen L, Yuan Q, He J, Luo SL, Au CT, Yin SF. Facile fabrication and enhanced photosensitized degradation performance of the g-C3N4–Bi2O2CO3 composite. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:8331-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00486h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Flower-like Bi2O2CO3 and g-C3N4–Bi2O2CO3 microspheres with a high adsorption ability were synthesized using a facile method, and their dye-induced photosensitized degradation activity under visible light irradiation was evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Lian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Chak-Tong Au
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
429
|
Theerthagiri J, Senthil RA, Priya A, Madhavan J, Michael RJV, Ashokkumar M. Photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical studies of visible-light active α-Fe2O3–g-C3N4 nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04266b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergistic enhancement in photocatalytic degradation of α-Fe2O3–g-C3N4 due to an increase in visible-light absorption efficiency and rapid photoinduced charge separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Theerthagiri
- Solar Energy Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- Thiruvalluvar University
- Vellore-632 115, India
| | - R. A. Senthil
- Solar Energy Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- Thiruvalluvar University
- Vellore-632 115, India
| | - A. Priya
- Solar Energy Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- Thiruvalluvar University
- Vellore-632 115, India
| | - J. Madhavan
- Solar Energy Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- Thiruvalluvar University
- Vellore-632 115, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
430
|
Yu J, Wang K, Xiao W, Cheng B. Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into hydrocarbon solar fuels over g-C3N4–Pt nanocomposite photocatalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:11492-501. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00133h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
431
|
Lu Y, Wang D, Yang P, Du Y, Lu C. Coupling ZnxCd1−xS nanoparticles with graphene-like MoS2: superior interfacial contact, low overpotential and enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00331d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel nanocomposite composed of graphene-like MoS2 sheets and ZnxCd1−xS nanoparticles was used for photocatalytic hydrogen generation under visible light irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Lu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ping Yang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yukou Du
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
432
|
Bai Y, Wang PQ, Liu JY, Liu XJ. Enhanced photocatalytic performance of direct Z-scheme BiOCl–g-C3N4 photocatalysts. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01629g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
433
|
Dai K, Lu L, Liu Q, Zhu G, Wei X, Bai J, Xuan L, Wang H. Sonication assisted preparation of graphene oxide/graphitic-C3N4 nanosheet hybrid with reinforced photocurrent for photocatalyst applications. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:6295-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53106f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
434
|
Wang W, Yu JC, Shen Z, Chan DKL, Gu T. g-C3N4 quantum dots: direct synthesis, upconversion properties and photocatalytic application. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10148-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02543a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
g-C3N4 quantum dots were synthesized and can be used as general energy-transfer components in photocatalytic systems to harness the Vis-NIR spectrum of sunlight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Shenzhen Research Institute and Institute of Environment
- Energy and Sustainability
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, N.T., China
| | - Jimmy C. Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- Shenzhen Research Institute and Institute of Environment
- Energy and Sustainability
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, N.T., China
| | - Zhurui Shen
- Department of Chemistry
- Shenzhen Research Institute and Institute of Environment
- Energy and Sustainability
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, N.T., China
| | - Donald K. L. Chan
- Department of Chemistry
- Shenzhen Research Institute and Institute of Environment
- Energy and Sustainability
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, N.T., China
| | - Ting Gu
- Department of Chemistry
- Shenzhen Research Institute and Institute of Environment
- Energy and Sustainability
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, N.T., China
| |
Collapse
|
435
|
Tang Y, Song H, Su Y, Lv Y. Turn-on Persistent Luminescence Probe Based on Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Imaging Detection of Biothiols in Biological Fluids. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11876-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403517u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Hongjie Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| |
Collapse
|
436
|
Dong F, Zhao Z, Xiong T, Ni Z, Zhang W, Sun Y, Ho WK. In situ construction of g-C3N4/g-C3N4 metal-free heterojunction for enhanced visible-light photocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:11392-401. [PMID: 24144400 DOI: 10.1021/am403653a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic performance of the star photocatalyst g-C3N4 was restricted by the low efficiency because of the fast charge recombination. The present work developed a facile in situ method to construct g-C3N4/g-C3N4 metal-free isotype heterojunction with molecular composite precursors with the aim to greatly promote the charge separation. Considering the fact that g-C3N4 samples prepared from urea and thiourea separately have different band structure, the molecular composite precursors of urea and thiourea were treated simultaneously under the same thermal conditions, in situ creating a novel layered g-C3N4/g-C3N4 metal-free heterojunction (g-g CN heterojunction). This synthesis method is facile, economic, and environmentally benign using easily available earth-abundant green precursors. The confirmation of isotype g-g CN heterojunction was based on XRD, HRTEM, valence band XPS, ns-level PL, photocurrent, and EIS measurement. Upon visible-light irradiation, the photogenerated electrons transfer from g-C3N4 (thiourea) to g-C3N4 (urea) driven by the conduction band offset of 0.10 eV, whereas the photogenerated holes transfer from g-C3N4 (urea) to g-C3N4 (thiourea) driven by the valence band offset of 0.40 eV. The potential difference between the two g-C3N4 components in the heterojunction is the main driving force for efficient charge separation and transfer. For the removal of NO in air, the g-g CN heterojunction exhibited significantly enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity over g-C3N4 alone and physical mixture of g-C3N4 samples. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of g-g CN isotype heterojunction can be directly ascribed to efficient charge separation and transfer across the heterojunction interface as well as prolonged lifetime of charge carriers. This work demonstrated that rational design and construction of isotype heterojunction could open up a new avenue for the development of new efficient visible-light photocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University , Chongqing 400067, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
437
|
Zhang G, Wang X. A facile synthesis of covalent carbon nitride photocatalysts by Co-polymerization of urea and phenylurea for hydrogen evolution. J Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
438
|
Zhang S, Yang Y, Guo Y, Guo W, Wang M, Guo Y, Huo M. Preparation and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of graphitic carbon nitride/bismuth niobate heterojunctions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 261:235-45. [PMID: 23933291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of graphitic carbon nitride/bismuth niobate (g-C3N4/Bi5Nb3O15) heterojunctions with g-C3N4 doping level of 10-90 wt% were prepared by a facile milling-heat treatment method. The phase and chemical structures, surface compositions, electronic and optical properties as well as morphologies of the prepared g-C3N4/Bi5Nb3O15 were well-characterized. Subsequently, the photocatalytic activity and stability of g-C3N4/Bi5Nb3O15 were evaluated by the degradation of aqueous methyl orange (MO) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) under the visible-light irradiation. At suitable g-C3N4 doping levels, g-C3N4/Bi5Nb3O15 exhibited enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity compared with pure g-C3N4 or Bi5Nb3O15. This excellent photocatalytic activity was revealed in terms of the extension of visible-light response and efficient separation and transportation of the photogenerated electrons and holes due to coupling of g-C3N4 and Bi5Nb3O15. Additionally, the active species yielded in the pure g-C3N4- and g-C3N4/Bi5Nb3O15-catalyzed 4-CP photodegradation systems were investigated by the free radical and hole scavenging experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengqu Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China; Analytical and Testing Center, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
439
|
Xu J, Wang Y, Zhu Y. Nanoporous graphitic carbon nitride with enhanced photocatalytic performance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:10566-72. [PMID: 23888983 DOI: 10.1021/la402268u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous g-C3N4 (npg-C3N4) with high surface area was prepared by a bubble-templating method. A higher calcination heating rate and proportion of thiourea can result in a larger surface area and better adsorption and photodegradation activities of npg-C3N4. Compared with the bulk g-C3N4, the adsorption capacity for the target pollutants and photocatalytic degradation and photocurrent performances under visible light irradiation of npg-C3N4 were greatly improved. The optimal photodegradation activity of npg-C3N4 was 3.4 times as high as that of the bulk g-C3N4. The enhanced activities of npg-C3N4 can be attributed to the larger number of surface active sites, improved separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and higher efficiency of charge immigration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
440
|
Dante RC, Martín-Ramos P, Sánchez-Arévalo F, Huerta L, Bizarro M, Navas-Gracia LM, Martín-Gil J. Synthesis of crumpled nanosheets of polymeric carbon nitride from melamine cyanurate. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
441
|
Liu Q, Zhang J. Graphene supported Co-g-C3N4 as a novel metal-macrocyclic electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:3821-8. [PMID: 23425296 DOI: 10.1021/la400003h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) polymer was doped with cobalt species and supported on a similar sp(2) structure graphene, to form a novel nitrogen-metal macrocyclic catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline fuel cells. The structural characterizations confirmed the formation of Co-N bonds and the close electron coupling between Co-g-C3N4 and graphene sheets. The electrocatalytic measurements demonstrated Co-g-C3N4-catalyzed reduction of oxygen mainly in a four electron pathway. The improvement of ORR activity is closely related to the abundant accessible Co-Nx active sites and fast charge transfer at the interfaces of Co-g-C3N4/graphene. Also, Co-g-C3N4@graphene exhibited comparable ORR activity, better durability, and methanol tolerance ability in comparison to Pt/C, and bodes well for a promising non-noble cathode catalyst for the application of direct methanol fuel cells. The chemical doping strategy in this work would be helpful to improve other present catalysts for fuel cell applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
442
|
Schwinghammer K, Tuffy B, Mesch MB, Wirnhier E, Martineau C, Taulelle F, Schnick W, Senker J, Lotsch BV. Triazine-based Carbon Nitrides for Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
443
|
Schwinghammer K, Tuffy B, Mesch MB, Wirnhier E, Martineau C, Taulelle F, Schnick W, Senker J, Lotsch BV. Triazine-based Carbon Nitrides for Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:2435-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
444
|
Lin Z, Wang X. Nanostructure Engineering and Doping of Conjugated Carbon Nitride Semiconductors for Hydrogen Photosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:1735-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 624] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
445
|
Lin Z, Wang X. Nanostructure Engineering and Doping of Conjugated Carbon Nitride Semiconductors for Hydrogen Photosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
446
|
Garcia-Esparza AT, Cha D, Ou Y, Kubota J, Domen K, Takanabe K. Tungsten carbide nanoparticles as efficient cocatalysts for photocatalytic overall water splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:168-181. [PMID: 23255471 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten carbide exhibits platinum-like behavior, which makes it an interesting potential substitute for noble metals in catalytic applications. Tungsten carbide nanocrystals (≈5 nm) are directly synthesized through the reaction of tungsten precursors with mesoporous graphitic C(3)N(4) (mpg-C(3)N(4)) as the reactive template in a flow of inert gas at high temperatures. Systematic experiments that vary the precursor compositions and temperatures used in the synthesis selectively generate different compositions and structures for the final nanocarbide (W(2)C or WC) products. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the WC phase with a high surface area exhibits both high activity and stability in hydrogen evolution over a wide pH range. The WC sample also shows excellent hydrogen oxidation activity, whereas its activity in oxygen reduction is poor. These tungsten carbides are successful cocatalysts for overall water splitting and give H(2) and O(2) in a stoichiometric ratio from H(2)O decomposition when supported on a Na-doped SrTiO(3) photocatalyst. Herein, we present tungsten carbide (on a small scale) as a promising and durable catalyst substitute for platinum and other scarce noble-metal catalysts in catalytic reaction systems used for renewable energy generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel T Garcia-Esparza
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
447
|
Xu Y, Xu H, Wang L, Yan J, Li H, Song Y, Huang L, Cai G. The CNT modified white C3N4 composite photocatalyst with enhanced visible-light response photoactivity. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:7604-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt32871f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
448
|
Zhou J, Yang Y, Zhang CY. A low-temperature solid-phase method to synthesize highly fluorescent carbon nitride dots with tunable emission. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8605-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42266f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
449
|
Zhang J, Zhang M, Zhang G, Wang X. Synthesis of Carbon Nitride Semiconductors in Sulfur Flux for Water Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300167b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinshui Zhang
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis,
Fujian Provincial
Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis−State Key Laboratory Breeding
Base, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002,
P. R. China
| | - Mingwen Zhang
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis,
Fujian Provincial
Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis−State Key Laboratory Breeding
Base, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002,
P. R. China
| | - Guigang Zhang
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis,
Fujian Provincial
Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis−State Key Laboratory Breeding
Base, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002,
P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis,
Fujian Provincial
Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis−State Key Laboratory Breeding
Base, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002,
P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
450
|
Cui Y, Huang J, Fu X, Wang X. Metal-free photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol in water by mesoporous carbon nitride semiconductors. Catal Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cy20036h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|