401
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Peregrina K, Houston M, Daroqui C, Dhima E, Sellers RS, Augenlicht LH. Vitamin D is a determinant of mouse intestinal Lgr5 stem cell functions. Carcinogenesis 2014; 36:25-31. [PMID: 25344836 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lgr5+ intestinal crypt base columnar cells function as stem cells whose progeny populate the villi, and Lgr5+ cells in which Apc is inactivated can give rise to tumors. Surprisingly, these Lgr5+ stem cell properties were abrogated by the lower dietary vitamin D and calcium in a semi-purified diet that promotes both genetically initiated and sporadic intestinal tumors. Inactivation of the vitamin D receptor in Lgr5+ cells established that compromise of Lgr5 stem cell function was a rapid, cell autonomous effect of signaling through the vitamin D receptor. The loss of Lgr5 stem cell function was associated with presence of Ki67 negative Lgr5+ cells at the crypt base. Therefore, vitamin D, a common nutrient and inducer of intestinal cell maturation, is an environmental factor that is a determinant of Lgr5+ stem cell functions in vivo. Since diets used in reports that establish and dissect mouse Lgr5+ stem cell activity likely provided vitamin D levels well above the range documented for human populations, the contribution of Lgr5+ cells to intestinal homeostasis and tumor formation in humans may be significantly more limited, and variable in the population, then suggested by published rodent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Peregrina
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michele Houston
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Cecilia Daroqui
- Clinica Reina Fabiola, Oncativo 1248, Cordoba 5004, Argentina
| | - Elena Dhima
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Leonard H Augenlicht
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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402
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BLIMP1 is required for postnatal epidermal homeostasis but does not define a sebaceous gland progenitor under steady-state conditions. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:620-33. [PMID: 25358790 PMCID: PMC4223714 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
B-lymphocyte-induced nuclear maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1) was previously reported to define a sebaceous gland (SG) progenitor population in the epidermis. However, the recent identification of multiple stem cell populations in the hair follicle junctional zone has led us to re-evaluate its function. We show, in agreement with previous studies, that BLIMP1 is expressed by postmitotic, terminally differentiated epidermal cells within the SG, interfollicular epidermis, and hair follicle. Epidermal overexpression of c-Myc results in loss of BLIMP1(+) cells, an effect modulated by androgen signaling. Epidermal-specific deletion of Blimp1 causes multiple differentiation defects in the epidermis in addition to SG enlargement. In culture, BLIMP1(+) sebocytes have no greater clonogenic potential than BLIMP1(-) sebocytes. Finally, lineage-tracing experiments reveal that, under steady-state conditions, BLIMP1-expressing cells do not divide. Thus, rather than defining a sebocyte progenitor population, BLIMP1 functions in terminally differentiated cells to maintain homeostasis in multiple epidermal compartments.
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403
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Hogan BLM, Barkauskas CE, Chapman HA, Epstein JA, Jain R, Hsia CCW, Niklason L, Calle E, Le A, Randell SH, Rock J, Snitow M, Krummel M, Stripp BR, Vu T, White ES, Whitsett JA, Morrisey EE. Repair and regeneration of the respiratory system: complexity, plasticity, and mechanisms of lung stem cell function. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 15:123-38. [PMID: 25105578 PMCID: PMC4212493 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 621] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory disease is the third leading cause of death in the industrialized world. Consequently, the trachea, lungs, and cardiopulmonary vasculature have been the focus of extensive investigations. Recent studies have provided new information about the mechanisms driving lung development and differentiation. However, there is still much to learn about the ability of the adult respiratory system to undergo repair and to replace cells lost in response to injury and disease. This Review highlights the multiple stem/progenitor populations in different regions of the adult lung, the plasticity of their behavior in injury models, and molecular pathways that support homeostasis and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigid L M Hogan
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
| | - Christina E Barkauskas
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Harold A Chapman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rajan Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Connie C W Hsia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Laura Niklason
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Elizabeth Calle
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Andrew Le
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Scott H Randell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jason Rock
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Melinda Snitow
- Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew Krummel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Thiennu Vu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eric S White
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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