401
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Wang TS, Korn D. Reactivity of KB cell deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases alpha and beta with nicked and gapped deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochemistry 1980; 19:1782-90. [PMID: 6246934 DOI: 10.1021/bi00550a009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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402
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Foster JW, Moat AG. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis and pyridine nucleotide cycle metabolism in microbial systems. Microbiol Rev 1980; 44:83-105. [PMID: 6997723 PMCID: PMC373235 DOI: 10.1128/mr.44.1.83-105.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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403
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Shuman S, Hurwitz J. 5'-Hydroxyl polyribonucleotide kinase from HeLa cell nuclei. Purification and properties. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)86721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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404
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Wilson GG, Murray NE. Molecular cloning of the DNA ligase gene from bacteriophage T4. I. Characterisation of the recombinants. J Mol Biol 1979; 132:471-91. [PMID: 160464 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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405
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406
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Foster JW, Kinney DM, Moat AG. Pyridine nucleotide cycle of Salmonella typhimurium: isolation and characterization of pncA, pncB, and pncC mutants and utilization of exogenous nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. J Bacteriol 1979; 137:1165-75. [PMID: 220211 PMCID: PMC218297 DOI: 10.1128/jb.137.3.1165-1175.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 deficient in nicotinamidase activity (pncA) or nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase activity (pncB) were isolated as resistant to analogs of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. Information obtained from interrupted mating experiments placed the pncA gene at 27 units and the pncB gene at 25 units on the S. typhimurium LT-2 linkage map. A major difference in the location of the pncA gene was found between the S. typhimurium and Escherichia coli linkage maps. The pncA gene is located in a region in which there is a major inversion of the gene order in S. typhimurium as compared to that in E. coli. Growth experiments using double mutants blocked in the de novo pathway to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) (nad) and in the pyridine nucleotide cycle (pnc) at either the pncA or pncB locus, or both, have provided evidence for the existence of an alternate recycling pathway in this organism. Mutants lacking this alternate cycle, pncC, have been isolated and mapped via cotransduction at 0 units. Utilization of exogenous NAD was examined through the use of [14C]carbonyl-labeled NAD and [14C]adenine-labeled NAD. The results of these experiments suggest that NAD is degraded to nicotinamide mononucleotide at the cell surface. A portion of this extracellular nicotinamide mononucleotide is then transported across the cell membrane by nicotinamide mononucleotide glycohydrolase and degraded to nicotinamide in the process. The remaining nicotinamide mononucleotide accumulates extracellularly and will support the growth of nadA pncB mutants which cannot utilize the nicotinamide resulting from the major pathway of NAD degradation. A model is presented for the utilization of exogenous NAD by S. typhimurium LT-2.
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407
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Oppenheimer N, Singh M, Sweeley C, Sung S, Srere P. The configuration and location of the ribosidic linkage in the prosthetic group of citrate lyase (Klebsiella aerogenes). J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)34155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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408
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Nelson T, Brutlag D. Addition of homopolymers to the 3'-ends of duplex DNA with terminal transferase. Methods Enzymol 1979; 68:41-50. [PMID: 542126 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(79)68005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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409
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Lindahl T. DNA glycosylases, endonucleases for apurinic/apyrimidinic sites, and base excision-repair. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1979; 22:135-92. [PMID: 392601 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60800-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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410
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411
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GRECZ N, WIATR C, DURBAN E, KANG T, FARKAS J. BACTERIAL SPORES: BIOPHYSICAL ASPECTS OF RECOVERY FROM RADIATION INJURY. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 1978. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.1978.tb00565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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412
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Johnston LH, Nasmyth KA. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle mutant cdc9 is defective in DNA ligase. Nature 1978; 274:891-3. [PMID: 355897 DOI: 10.1038/274891a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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413
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Panasenko S, Alazard R, Lehman I. A simple, three-step procedure for the large scale purification of DNA ligase from a hybrid lambda lysogen constructed in vitro. J Biol Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)30428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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414
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Segal A, Maté U, Wortman M. Phosphate diester formation following reaction of beta-propiolactone with thymidine-5'-monophosphoric acid. Chem Biol Interact 1978; 21:249-61. [PMID: 679399 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(78)90023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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415
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Sgaramella V, Ehrlich SD. Use of the T4 polynucleotide ligase in the joining of flush-ended DNA segments generated by restriction endonucleases. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 86:531-7. [PMID: 350585 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Double-stranded DNA segments with completely base-paired ends were obtained by the action of various restriction endonucleases on phage and plasmid DNAs. These segments were joined covalently by the T4 polynucleotide ligase. The joining was monitored by the electron microscopy count of intramolecularly circularized segments. The highest extent of joining, close to 75%, was observed at 15-25 degrees C with the segments resulting from the action of the Bacillus subtilis (strain R) restriction endonuclease Bsu on the DNA of bacteriophage SPPI or of the plasmid pSC 101. The joining of double-stranded termini required about 10 times more enzyme than the short single-stranded termini produced by the Escherichia coli restriction endonuclease EcoRI. A shortened purification of the T4 ligase was found to give an enzyme devoid of interfacing nucleases.
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416
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417
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418
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David JC. Studies on the affinity of chick embryo DNA ligase for ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides. FEBS Lett 1977; 84:156-8. [PMID: 304018 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)81078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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419
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Riazuddin S, Grossman L. Micrococcus luteus correndonucleases. II. Mechanism of action of two endonucleases specific for DNA containing pyrimidine dimers. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)39953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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420
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421
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Sugino A, Goodman HM, Heyneker HL, Shine J, Boyer HW, Cozzarelli NR. Interaction of bacteriophage T4 RNA and DNA ligases in joining of duplex DNA at base-paired ends. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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422
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423
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Knopf KW. Simple isolation method and assay for T4 DNA ligase and characterization of the purified enzyme. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1977; 73:33-8. [PMID: 320008 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A method for the isolation of T4-amber-N82-induced DNA ligase is described which results in a nearly homogeneous enzyme preparation after two column chromatographic steps. The enzyme is detected during the purification by its ability to form a stable acid-precipitable enzyme-adenylate complex. Some properties of the assay, such as the effect of salt, temperature and incubation time, are presented. The isolated enzyme and its adenylate complex are characterized by acrylamide gel electrophoresis under native and denaturing conditions, as well as by isoelectric focusing. The purified enzyme exhibits a molecular weight of approximatel 60000. Isoelectric focusing yields at least 5 protein components, which are able to form an enzyme-adenylate complex. The main activity possesses a p1 of 6. The enzyme preparation is capable of repairing T5+ DNA known to contain about 4 or 5 single-strand breaks, to circularize lambda DNA and to join Hind111 and EcoR1 fragments.
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424
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Nazarea AD. Intrinsic critical length associated with oscillatory reactive processes in complex solution: hydrodynamic estimates. J Theor Biol 1977; 64:311-22. [PMID: 839805 DOI: 10.1016/0022-5193(77)90359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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425
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Unrau P. Differential chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA synthesis in temperature-sensitive mutants of Ustilago maydis. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1977; 150:13-9. [PMID: 834176 DOI: 10.1007/bf02425320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The amount and type of residual DNA synthesis was determined in eight temperature-sensitive mutants of the smut fungus Ustilago maydis after incubation at the restrictive temperature (32 degrees C) for eight hours. Mutants ts-220, ts-207, ts-432 and ts-346 were found to have an overall reduction in the synthesis of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA comparison to the wild-type. In mutants ts-20, tsd 1-1, ts-84 and pol 1-1 nuclear DNA synthesis was depressed relative to mitochondrial synthesis. The DNA-polymerase mutant pol 1-1 had persistent nuclear synthesis at about 50% of the rate of synthesis of mitochondrial DNA and similar behavior was observed in a diploid homozygous strain. Mutant ts-84 had an initial burst of DNA synthesis which was reduced for nuclear but not mitochondrial synthesis after three hours preincubation at 32 degrees C. tsd 1-1 and ts-20 had nuclear residual synthesis amounting to about 25% of the relative rate of mitochondrial synthesis which correlates to increasing UV sensitivity of these strains on incubation at 32 degrees C. A pol 1-1 ts-84 double mutant had an additive loss of nuclear DNA synthesis which indicates that the steps of replication involved may be sequential.
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426
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METZLER DAVIDE. Biochemical Genetics and the Synthesis of Nucleic Acids and Proteins. Biochemistry 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-492550-2.50020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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427
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Modrich P, Zabel D. EcoRI endonuclease. Physical and catalytic properties of the homogenous enzyme. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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428
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429
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430
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Weiss B. Terminal cross-linking of DNA strands by a mixture of exonuclease III of Escherichia coli and polynucleotide ligase of bacteriophage T4. J Mol Biol 1976; 103:669-73. [PMID: 781281 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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431
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432
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433
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Total synthesis of the structural gene for the precursor of a tyrosine suppressor transfer RNA from Escherichia coli. 10. Enzymatic joining of chemically synthesized segments to form the DNA duplex corresponding to the nucleotide sequence 86-126. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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434
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435
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Raae AJ, Kleppe RK, Kleppe K. Kinetics and effect of salts and polyamines on T4 polynucleotide ligase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 60:437-43. [PMID: 173544 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb21021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of T4 polynucleotide ligase has been investigated at pH 8,20 degrees C and using the double-stranded DNA substrate (dA)n - [(dT)10]n/10. Double-reciprocal plots of initial rates vs substrate concentrations as well as product inhibition studies have indicated that the enzyme reacts according to a ping-pong mechanism. The overall mechanism was found to be non-processive. The true Km for the DNA substrate was 0.6 muM and that of ATP 100 muM. Several attempts were made to reverse the T4 polynucleotide ligase joining reaction using 32-p-labelled (dA)n - [(DT)40]n/40 as substrate. No breakdown of this DNA could be detected. The joining reaction was inhibited by high concentrations, i.e. above approximately 70mM, of salts such as KCl, NaCl, NH4Cl and CsCl. At a concentration of 200 mM almost 100% inhibition was observed. Polyamines also caused inhibition of the enzyme, the most efficient inhibitor being spermine followed by spermidine. At a concentration of 1 mM spermine, virtually no joining took place. Addition of salts or polyamines resulted in a large increase in the apparent Km for the DNA substrate whereas the apparent Km for ATP remained unchanged. It is suggested that the affinity of the enzyme for the DNA substrate is decreased in the presence of inhibiting agents.
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436
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Sato T, Horiuchi T, Nagata T. Genetic analyses of an amber mutation in Escherichia coli K-12, affecting deoxyribonucleic acid ligase and viability. J Bacteriol 1975; 124:1089-96. [PMID: 1104569 PMCID: PMC236010 DOI: 10.1128/jb.124.3.1089-1096.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic analyses of an Escherichia coli K-12 mutant possessing the amber mutation lig-321 were carried out. This mutant is defective in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ligase and conditionally lethal. We constructed strains harboring an F'lig+ or F'lig-321 plasmid. Genetic complementation analyses were done by using these plasmids and by constructing a lig-4/F'lig-321 merodiploid. It was shown that lig-321 does not complement lig-4, unless the former is suppressed by an amber suppressor. The same was found to be the case between lig-321 and lig-ts7. Transductional mapping of lig-321, by a four-factor cross, revealed that lig-321 is very closely linked to lig-4. The frequency of recombinants between the two alleles was not unreasonable for assuming that they arose by intragenic recombination. The lig-4 and lig-ts7 alleles are known to reside in the structural gene for DNA ligase, in which lig-321 may also be located.
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437
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McFadden G, Denhardt DT. The mechanism of replication of phiX174 DNA. XIII. Discontinuous synthesis of the complementary strand in an Escherichia coli host with a temperature-sensitive polynucleotide ligase. J Mol Biol 1975; 99:125-42. [PMID: 1107560 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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438
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Sano H, Feix G. RNA nicking activity associated with DNA ligase of T4 infected E. coli: properties and influence on in vitro reactions of ligase. Nucleic Acids Res 1975; 2:1609-20. [PMID: 1101228 PMCID: PMC343527 DOI: 10.1093/nar/2.9.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly purified DNA ligase from T4 infected E. coli displays an RNA nicking activity which cleaves endonucleolytically the RNA of ribo-desoxy-and ribo-ribo type doublestranded structures to oligonucleotides with 5'phosphoryl-and 3'hydroxy termini. In the presence of ATP the generated nicks are repaired by the ligase except at the ends of the doublestranded regions where some short oligonucleotides are released before ligation can occur. As judged from its behaviour during the various purification steps and from some of its properties, the nicking activity seems to be different from known nicking enzymes.
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439
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Abstract
An examination has been made of the major chemicals which are known to be carcinogenic, either in animals or in humans. As a result, a generalized type of chemical property seems to be a prerequisite for the carcinogenic activity. In most cases, this is some kind of reactive electrophilic intermediate produced directly from the carcinogen or from one of its immediate metabolites. This electrophilic reagent is generally a positively charged ion of some kind. In the case of the hydrocarbons it seems to be an incipient carbonium ion; in the case of nitrogen compounds, it is a corresponding nitronium ion. There are a number of possible substrate materials (nucleophilic) in a cells, but the dominant one which has been suspected is the nucleic acid component, either the DNA or the RNA. The bases of these materials all have extra pi electrons susceptible to attach by the electrophiles of the carcinogen. Such a modification, particularly of the DNA, could lead to either major or minor changes in the genetic composition of the cell. Minor changes are usually rectifiable or are not visible, and this would include a large variety of point mutations.
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440
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Byfield JE, Lee YC, Klisak I, Finklestein JZ. Effect of differentiation on the repair of DNA single strand breaks in neuroblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975; 63:730-5. [PMID: 1169064 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(75)80444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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441
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Green DE. Family practice and problems of aging: biochemical basis of aging. Postgrad Med 1975; 57:147-9, 152. [PMID: 1118431 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.1975.11713993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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