401
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Avouris P, Radosavljević M, Wind S. Carbon Nanotube Electronics and Optoelectronics. NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-28075-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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402
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Fu L, Cao L, Liu Y, Zhu D. Molecular and nanoscale materials and devices in electronics. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 111:133-57. [PMID: 15589806 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2004.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, there have been many significant advances toward the realization of electronic computers integrated on the molecular scale and a much greater understanding of the types of materials that will be useful in molecular devices and their properties. It was demonstrated that individual molecules could serve as incomprehensibly tiny switch and wire one million times smaller than those on conventional silicon microchip. This has resulted very recently in the assembly and demonstration of tiny computer logic circuits built from such molecular scale devices. The purpose of this review is to provide a general introduction to molecular and nanoscale materials and devices in electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fu
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, PR China
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403
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Liang C, Hong K, Guiochon GA, Mays JW, Dai S. Synthesis of a Large-Scale Highly Ordered Porous Carbon Film by Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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404
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Mao Y, Wong SS. General, Room-Temperature Method for the Synthesis of Isolated as Well as Arrays of Single-Crystalline ABO4-Type Nanorods. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:15245-52. [PMID: 15548021 DOI: 10.1021/ja046331j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single-crystalline BaWO(4) and BaCrO(4) nanorods of reproducible shape and of varying sizes have been controllably prepared using a simple, room-temperature approach, based on the use of porous alumina template membranes. Aligned BaWO(4) and BaCrO(4) nanorod arrays can be obtained by dissolving the template. Our facile technique, which is analogous to biomineralization, offers a promising and generalized methodology to prepare other types of free-standing ABO(4) nanorods and their corresponding nanorod arrays. Extensive characterization of these samples has been performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), Raman spectroscopy, FT-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbing Mao
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
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405
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Correa-Duarte MA, Wagner N, Rojas-Chapana J, Morsczeck C, Thie M, Giersig M. Fabrication and Biocompatibility of Carbon Nanotube-Based 3D Networks as Scaffolds for Cell Seeding and Growth. NANO LETTERS 2004; 4:2233-2236. [DOI: 10.1021/nl048574f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Thie
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar)
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406
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Kong H, Li W, Gao C, Yan D, Jin Y, Walton DRM, Kroto HW. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-Coated Carbon Nanotubes: Temperature-Sensitive Molecular Nanohybrids in Water. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma048682o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, and Sussex Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center (SNNC), University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Wenwen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, and Sussex Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center (SNNC), University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Chao Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, and Sussex Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center (SNNC), University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Deyue Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, and Sussex Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center (SNNC), University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Yizheng Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, and Sussex Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center (SNNC), University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - David R. M. Walton
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, and Sussex Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center (SNNC), University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Harold W. Kroto
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China, and Sussex Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center (SNNC), University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
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407
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He M, Duan X, Wang X, Zhang J, Liu Z, Robinson C. Iron Catalysts Reactivation for Efficient CVD Growth of SWNT with Base-growth Mode on Surface. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0489471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maoshuai He
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST), College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and Division of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaojie Duan
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST), College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and Division of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU, United Kingdom
| | - Xuan Wang
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST), College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and Division of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU, United Kingdom
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST), College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and Division of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU, United Kingdom
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST), College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and Division of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Robinson
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST), College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, and Division of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU, United Kingdom
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408
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Zhou Z, Ci L, Song L, Yan X, Liu D, Yuan H, Gao Y, Wang J, Liu L, Zhou W, Wang G, Xie S. Random Networks of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0363949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenping Zhou
- Institute of Physics, Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Lijie Ci
- Institute of Physics, Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Li Song
- Institute of Physics, Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yan
- Institute of Physics, Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Institute of Physics, Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Huajun Yuan
- Institute of Physics, Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Physics, Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jianxiong Wang
- Institute of Physics, Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Lifeng Liu
- Institute of Physics, Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Institute of Physics, Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Physics, Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Institute of Physics, Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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409
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Chung J, Lee KH, Lee J, Ruoff RS. Toward large-scale integration of carbon nanotubes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:3011-7. [PMID: 15875821 DOI: 10.1021/la035726y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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410
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Curran SA, Ellis AV, Vijayaraghavan A, Ajayan PM. Functionalization of carbon nanotubes using phenosafranin. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:4886-9. [PMID: 15267349 DOI: 10.1063/1.1644109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectroscopic analysis and atomic force microscopy (AFM) phase imaging studies show self-assembly of phenosafranin (PSF) to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). The shift in absorption spectra is associated with charge transfer of valence electrons from PSF to electron accepting sites on the MWNTs. The Raman-active disorder modes are used to fingerprint PSF attachment to MWNTs via defect states. AFM phase imaging was used to obtain a molecular topographic visual confirmation of PSF attached to the MWNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Curran
- Department of Physics, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88001Nanotechnology Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA.
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411
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Electrochemical behavior of multi-wall carbon nanotubes and electrocatalysis of toluene-filled nanotube film on gold electrode. Electrochim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2003.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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412
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Abstract
The assembly properties of two- and three-component rod-like building blocks consisting of gold and polymer block domains have been investigated. These structures behave like mesoscopic amphiphiles and form a series of single-layer superstructures consisting of bundles, tubes, and sheets depending upon the compositional periodicity. Unlike molecular systems, the template used to initially synthesize them plays a critical role in the assembly process by prealigning them in a manner that facilitates their assembly by optimizing the correct collisional orientation upon dissolution of the template. Tubular structures with tailorable diameters can be assembled in a predictable manner on the basis of an estimate of the hybrid rod packing parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungho Park
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
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413
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Fabrication of nanoelectrodes based on controlled placement of carbon nanotubes using alternating-current electric field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1116/1.1689307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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414
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An Integrated Systems-oriented Approach to Molecular Electronics. MACROMOLECULAR NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-08439-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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415
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Viswanathamurthi P, Bhattarai N, Kim HY, Khil MS, Lee DR, Suh EK. GeO[sub 2] fibers: Preparation, morphology and photoluminescence property. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:441-5. [PMID: 15260565 DOI: 10.1063/1.1755666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomicron to submicron fibers of GeO(2) have been prepared using poly(vinyl acetate) and germanium dioxide sol by electrospinning followed by high temperature calcination. The morphology of the fibers have been studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. X-ray diffraction indicates that the fibers are single crystal with hexagonal alpha-phase quartz-like structure. At room temperature, the fibers show photoluminescence under excitation at 325 nm. The fibers may have potential applications in one-dimensional optoelectronic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Viswanathamurthi
- Department of Chemistry, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641 029, India
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416
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Lu L, Wang S, Lin X. Attachment of DNA to the Carbon Fiber Microelectrode via Gold Nanoparticles for Simultaneous Determination of Dopamine and Serotonin. ANAL SCI 2004; 20:1131-5. [PMID: 15352499 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel biochemical sensor was fabricated on a carbon fiber microelectrode, which consisted of an inner layer of electrodeposited gold nanoparticles, as a nano-array electrode, and an outer layer of electrodeposited calf thymus ds-DNA at +1.5 V vs. SCE. This modified electrode was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). It was found that this electrochemical sensor exhibits a strong catalytic activity toward the oxidation of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and ascorbic acid (AA), as a result of resolving the anodic voltammetric peaks of DA, 5-HT and AA into three well-defined peaks. Simutaneous DPV determination of DA and 5-HT can be achieved in the presence of 2000-fold AA. The modified electrode shows good sensitivity, selectivity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P R, China
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417
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Yasuda S, Nakamura T, Matsumoto M, Shigekawa H. Phase Switching of a Single Isomeric Molecule and Associated Characteristic Rectification. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:16430-3. [PMID: 14692786 DOI: 10.1021/ja038233o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Variations in molecular electronic structures related to conformational change are exceedingly attractive because of their key role in the understanding and development of functional processes in molecular electronics and biology. We observed, for the first time, the novel phase switching of a photoactive isomeric molecule, N-(2-mercaptoethyl)-4-phenylazobenzamide (Azo molecule) at a single-molecule level, which exhibits a distinctive change in the conductive characteristic under scanning tunneling microscope (STM) measurement. In comparison with the results obtained by the measurement of photoactive isomerization of the isolated Azo molecule, which was performed also for the first time, the observed characteristics are attributed to the results of the trans and cis phase transformation of the Azo molecule, under the condition of an external electric field and current flow. A specific point is that the potential landscape of the system is controllable by the electric field and provides a conformational stability with asymmetric bias dependence resulting in rectification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yasuda
- Institute of Applied Physics and 21st COE, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
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418
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Yao Z, Braidy N, Botton GA, Adronov A. Polymerization from the Surface of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes − Preparation and Characterization of Nanocomposites. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:16015-24. [PMID: 14677993 DOI: 10.1021/ja037564y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized along their sidewalls with phenol groups using the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. These phenols could be further derivatized with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide, resulting in the attachment of atom transfer radical polymerization initiators to the sidewalls of the nanotubes. These initiators were found to be active in the polymerization of methyl methacrylate and tert-butyl acrylate from the surface of the nanotubes. However, the polymerizations were not controlled, leading to the production of high molecular weight polymers with relatively large polydispersities. The resulting polymerized nanotubes were analyzed by IR, Raman spectroscopy, DSC, TEM, and AFM. The nanotubes functionalized with poly(methyl methacrylate) were found to be insoluble, while those functionalized with poly(tert-butyl acrylate) were soluble in a variety of organic solvents. The tert-butyl groups of these appended polymers could also be removed to produce nanotubes functionalized with poly(acrylic acid), resulting in structures that are soluble in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoling Yao
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and the Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research (BIMR), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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419
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420
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Zhong Z, Wang D, Cui Y, Bockrath MW, Lieber CM. Nanowire Crossbar Arrays as Address Decoders for Integrated Nanosystems. Science 2003; 302:1377-9. [PMID: 14631034 DOI: 10.1126/science.1090899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The development of strategies for addressing arrays of nanoscale devices is central to the implementation of integrated nanosystems such as biological sensor arrays and nanocomputers. We report a general approach for addressing based on molecular-level modification of crossed semiconductor nanowire field-effect transistor (cNW-FET) arrays, where selective chemical modification of cross points in the arrays enables NW inputs to turn specific FET array elements on and off. The chemically modified cNW-FET arrays function as decoder circuits, exhibit gain, and allow multiplexing and demultiplexing of information. These results provide a step toward the realization of addressable integrated nanosystems in which signals are restored at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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421
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Abstract
Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes by lijima in 1991, various carbon nanotubes with either a single- or multilayered graphene cylinder(s) have been produced, along with their noncarbon counterparts (for example, inorganic and polymer nanotubes). These nanostructured materials often possess size-dependent properties and show new phenomena related to the nanosize confinement of the charge carriers inside, which leads to the possibility of developing new materials with useful properties and advanced devices with desirable features for a wide range of applications. In particular, carbon nanotubes have been shown to exhibit superior properties attractive for various potential applications, ranging from their use as novel electron emitters in flat-panel displays to electrodes in electrochemical sensors. For many of the applications, it is highly desirable to have aligned/patterned forms of carbon nanotubes so that their structure/property can be easily assessed and so that they can be effectively incorporated into devices. In this Review, we present an overview on the development of aligned and micropatterned nanotubes, with an emphasis on carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Dai
- Department of Polymer Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH44325-0301, USA.
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422
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Ago H, Qi J, Tsukagoshi K, Murata K, Ohshima S, Aoyagi Y, Yumura M. Catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes and their patterning based on ink-jet and lithographic techniques. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(02)01281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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423
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Sun S, Meng G, Zhang M, Hao Y, Zhang X, Zhang L. Microscopy Study of the Growth Process and Structural Features of Closely Packed Silica Nanowires. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp035763y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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424
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Kovtyukhova NI, Mallouk TE, Pan L, Dickey EC. Individual single-walled nanotubes and hydrogels made by oxidative exfoliation of carbon nanotube ropes. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:9761-9. [PMID: 12904042 DOI: 10.1021/ja0344516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes were oxidized by a technique previously developed for the oxidation of graphite to graphite oxide (GO). This process involves treatment with concentrated H(2)SO(4) containing (NH(4))(2)S(2)O(8) and P(2)O(5), followed by H(2)SO(4) and KMnO(4). Oxidation results in complete exfoliation of nanotube ropes to yield individual oxidized tubes that are 40-500 nm long. The C:O:H atomic ratio of vacuum-dried oxidized nanotubes is approximately 2.7:1.0:1.2. XPS and IR spectra show evidence for surface O-H, C=O, and COOH groups. The oxidized nanotubes slowly form viscous hydrogels at unusually low concentration (>or=0.3 wt %), and this behavior is attributed to the formation of a hydrogen-bonded nanotube network. The oxidized tubes bind readily to amine-coated surfaces, on which they adsorb as smooth and dense monolayer films. Thin films of the oxidized nanotubes show ohmic current-voltage behavior, with resistivities in the range of 0.2-0.5 Omega-cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina I Kovtyukhova
- Department of Chemistry, 152 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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425
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Kim NS, Lee YT, Park J, Han JB, Choi YS, Choi SY, Choo J, Lee GH. Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Grown by Pyrolysis of Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel Phthalocyanines. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp034895o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gang Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 702-701, South Korea
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426
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Ardavan A, Austwick M, Benjamin SC, Briggs GAD, Dennis TJS, Ferguson A, Hasko DG, Kanai M, Khlobystov AN, Lovett BW, Morley GW, Oliver RA, Pettifor DG, Porfyrakis K, Reina JH, Rice JH, Smith JD, Taylor RA, Williams DA, Adelmann C, Mariette H, Hamers RJ. Nanoscale solid-state quantum computing. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2003; 361:1473-1485. [PMID: 12869322 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2003.1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Most experts agree that it is too early to say how quantum computers will eventually be built, and several nanoscale solid-state schemes are being implemented in a range of materials. Nanofabricated quantum dots can be made in designer configurations, with established technology for controlling interactions and for reading out results. Epitaxial quantum dots can be grown in vertical arrays in semiconductors, and ultrafast optical techniques are available for controlling and measuring their excitations. Single-walled carbon nanotubes can be used for molecular self-assembly of endohedral fullerenes, which can embody quantum information in the electron spin. The challenges of individual addressing in such tiny structures could rapidly become intractable with increasing numbers of qubits, but these schemes are amenable to global addressing methods for computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ardavan
- Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
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427
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Berry JF, Cotton FA, Lei P, Lu T, Murillo CA. Additional steps toward molecular scale wires: Further study of Ni(5)(10/11+) chains embraced by polypyridylamide ligands. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:3534-9. [PMID: 12767190 DOI: 10.1021/ic034071l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents two advances in the development of the chemistry of extended metal atom chains (EMACs) that employ di(2-pyridyl)amide (dpa) and its higher homologues (loosely called polypyridylamides). As EMACs employing these ligands are extended to greater lengths, low solubility becomes an increasingly difficult problem. Also, increased stability would be desirable. We have employed a method, which is designed to be applicable to chains of any length, to introduce stabilizing substituents (ethyl groups) on some of the pyridyl rings. We illustrate this here by the synthesis and characterization of the pentanickel complexes Ni(5)(etpda)(4)Cl(2).6CHCl(3) and [Ni(5)(etpda)(4)](PF(6))(3).4Me(2)CO, etpda = the anion of N,N'-bis(4-ethylpyridyl)-2,6-diaminopyridine. As we had previously predicted, on the basis of the behavior of Ni(3)(dpa)(4)Cl(2) and [Ni(3)(dpa)(4)](PF(6))(3), oxidation causes marked changes in structure and magnetic behavior indicative of a change of electronic structure that would cause an insulator-conductor transformation. We now demonstrate that this is what occurs not only in the previously known Ni(5) compounds but in the new ethyl-substituted ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Berry
- Laboratory for Molecular Structure and Bonding, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, USA
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428
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Chen X, Xing Y, Xu J, Xiang J, Yu D. Rational growth of highly oriented amorphous silicon nanowire films. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(03)00781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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429
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Huang S, Cai X, Liu J. Growth of millimeter-long and horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes on flat substrates. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:5636-7. [PMID: 12733894 DOI: 10.1021/ja034475c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Millimeter-long and well-aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been produced on silica/silicon surfaces using the carbon monoxide chemical vapor deposition (CO-CVD) method. The orientation of the nanotube arrays can be well-controlled by the gas flow during the growth. The majority of the orientated SWNTs are straight and individual. The length of the nanotubes can be >2 mm for a 10 min growth. Furthermore, multidimensional crossed-networks of SWNT can be easily generated by multistep processes. These results present a great opportunity in the controllable production of organized SWNT arrays for large-scale carbon nanotube-based nanodevice fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoming Huang
- Chemistry Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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430
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Temperature-dependent growth of carbon nanotubes by pyrolysis of ferrocene and acetylene in the range between 700 and 1000 °C. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(03)00529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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431
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Kim OK, Je J, Baldwin JW, Kooi S, Pehrsson PE, Buckley LJ. Solubilization of single-wall carbon nanotubes by supramolecular encapsulation of helical amylose. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:4426-7. [PMID: 12683805 DOI: 10.1021/ja029233b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a simple, efficient process for solubilization of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with amylose in aqueous DMSO. This process requires two important conditions, presonication of SWNTs and subsequent amylose treatment in an optimum mixture of DMSO/H2O. The former step separates SWNT bundles, and the latter step provides a maximum cooperative interaction of SWNTs with amylose, leading to the immediate and complete solubilization. The best solvent condition for this is around 10-20% DMSO, in which amylose assumes a random conformation or an interrupted helix. This indicates that the amylose helix is not the prerequisite for encapsulation of SWNTs. The SEM and AFM images of the encapsulated SWNTs manifest loosely twisted ribbons wrapping around SWNTs, which are locally intertwined as a multiple twist, but no clumps of the host amylose are seen on SWNT capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh-Kil Kim
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA.
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432
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Growth of carbon nanotubes from Co nanoparticles and C2H2 by thermal chemical vapor deposition. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(03)00405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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433
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Semiconductor and Molecular-Assembly Nanowires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-05250-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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434
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Abstract
Nanoparticles are being developed for a host of biomedical and biotechnological applications, including drug delivery, enzyme immobilization and DNA transfection. Spherical nanoparticles are typically used for such applications, which reflects the fact that spheres are easier to make than other shapes. Micro- and nanotubes--structures that resemble tiny drinking straws--are alternatives that might offer advantages over spherical nanoparticles for some applications. This article discusses four approaches for making micro- and nanotubes, and reviews the current status of efforts to develop biomedical and biotechnological applications of these tubular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, USA.
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435
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Abstract
Multiwalled as well as single-walled carbon nanotubes are conveniently prepared by the pyrolysis of organometallic precursors such as metallocenes and phthalocyanines in a reducing atmosphere. More importantly, pyrolysis of organometallics alone or in mixture with hydrocarbons yields aligned nanotube bundles with useful field emission and hydrogen storage properties. By pyrolysis of organometallics in the presence of thiophene, Y-junction nanotubes are obtained in large quantities. The Y-junction tubes have a good potential in nanoelectronics. Carbon nanotubes prepared from organometallics are useful to prepare nanowires and nanotubes of other materials such as BN, GaN, SiC, and Si(3)N(4).
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Affiliation(s)
- C N R Rao
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit and CSIR Centre of Excellence in Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P. O., Bangalore 560 064, India.
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436
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Mann DJ, Halls MD, Hase WL. Direct Dynamics Studies of CO-Assisted Carbon Nanotube Growth. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0255435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Mann
- Scientific Simulation and Modeling Group, Zyvex Corporation, Richardson, Texas 75081
| | - Mathew D. Halls
- Scientific Simulation and Modeling Group, Zyvex Corporation, Richardson, Texas 75081
| | - William L. Hase
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Scientific Computing, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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437
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Cao L, Chen H, Wang M, Sun J, Zhang X, Kong F. Photoconductivity Study of Modified Carbon Nanotube/Oxotitanium Phthalocyanine Composites. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020680n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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438
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Abstract
Many potential applications have been proposed for carbon nanotubes, including conductive and high-strength composites; energy storage and energy conversion devices; sensors; field emission displays and radiation sources; hydrogen storage media; and nanometer-sized semiconductor devices, probes, and interconnects. Some of these applications are now realized in products. Others are demonstrated in early to advanced devices, and one, hydrogen storage, is clouded by controversy. Nanotube cost, polydispersity in nanotube type, and limitations in processing and assembly methods are important barriers for some applications of single-walled nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray H Baughman
- NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083-0688, USA.
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439
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Remacle F, Weinkauf R, Steinitz D, Kompa K, Levine R. Molecular logic by optical spectroscopy with output transfer by charge migration along a peptide. Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(02)00448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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440
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441
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Cuniberti G, Fagas G, Richter K. Fingerprints of mesoscopic leads in the conductance of a molecular wire. Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(02)00341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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442
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Lee YT, Park J, Choi YS, Ryu H, Lee HJ. Temperature-Dependent Growth of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes in the Range 800−1100 °C. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020488l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Young Sang Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 1 Anamdong Seoul 136-701, South Korea
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443
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Luo Y, Collier PC, Jeppesen JO, Nielsen KA, Delonno E, Ho G, Perkins J, Tseng HR, Yamamoto T, Stoddart JF, Heath JR. Two-dimensional molecular electronics circuits. Chemphyschem 2002; 3:519-25. [PMID: 12465491 DOI: 10.1002/1439-7641(20020617)3:6<519::aid-cphc519>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Addressing an array of bistable [2]rotaxanes through a two-dimensional crossbar arrangement provides the device element of a current-driven molecular electronic circuit. The development of the [2]rotaxane switches through an iterative, evolutionary process is described. The arrangement reported here allows both memory and logic functions to use the same elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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444
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Luo Y, Collier CP, Jeppesen JO, Nielsen KA, DeIonno E, Ho G, Perkins J, Tseng HR, Yamamoto T, Stoddart JF, Heath JR. Two-Dimensional Molecular Electronics Circuits. Chemphyschem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1439-7641(20020617)3:6%3c519::aid-cphc519%3e3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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445
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in het Panhuis M, Munn RW, Popelier PLA, Coleman JN, Foley B, Blau WJ. Distributed response analysis of conductive behavior in single molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99 Suppl 2:6514-7. [PMID: 11983925 PMCID: PMC128560 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.092512499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ab initio computational approach of distributed response analysis is used to quantify how electrons move across conjugated molecules in an electric field, in analogy to conduction. The method promises to be valuable for characterizing the conductive behavior of single molecules in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc in het Panhuis
- Materials Ireland Polymer Research Centre, Department of Physics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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446
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Baer R, Neuhauser D. Phase coherent electronics: a molecular switch based on quantum interference. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:4200-1. [PMID: 11960435 DOI: 10.1021/ja016605s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of quantum mechanical interference may be used to control the conductivity of ballistic molecular wires. Using a simple model we demonstrate plausible effects and discuss its potential uses for constructing coherence-based molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roi Baer
- Institute for Chemistry, and the Lise Meitner Center for Quantum Chemistry, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904 Israel.
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447
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Melle-Franco M, Prato M, Zerbetto F. Permanent Chiral Twisting of Nonchiral Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp025657g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Melle-Franco
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università degli Studi di Bologna, V. F. Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università degli Studi di Bologna, V. F. Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università degli Studi di Bologna, V. F. Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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448
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Akutagawa T, Ohta T, Hasegawa T, Nakamura T, Christensen CA, Becher J. Formation of oriented molecular nanowires on mica surface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:5028-33. [PMID: 11959953 PMCID: PMC122716 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.082644299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular "nanowire" structures composed of the charge transfer complex of a bis-tetrathiafulvalene substituted macrocycle and tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane were constructed on mica substrates by employing the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The nanowires transferred from a dilute aqueous potassium chloride subphase had typical dimensions of 2.5 nm x 50 nm x 1 microm. The nanowires are oriented to specific directions, corresponding to the directions of the potassium-ion array on the mica surface having sixfold symmetry. Such correlation between the nanowires and the substrate surface was also observed when a dilute aqueous rubidium chloride subphase was used. On the other hand, the correlation completely disappeared when the subphase contained divalent cations, indicating that the molecular nanowires orient by recognizing the monocation array on the mica surface. The nanowires formed by the vertical dipping method coexist with the monolayers. Only nanowire structures are, however, observed when we apply the horizontal lifting method. Based on the crystal structure of a related complex, a possible structure of the nanowires is presented. The conductivity of the nanowires was estimated to be of the order of 10(-3) S x cm(-1). The nanowires formed specific (regular) structures such as T-shape junctions, suggesting their use in construction of future molecular nanoscale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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449
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450
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Wu Y, Yan H, Huang M, Messer B, Song JH, Yang P. Inorganic semiconductor nanowires: rational growth, assembly, and novel properties. Chemistry 2002; 8:1260-8. [PMID: 11921209 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20020315)8:6<1260::aid-chem1260>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rationally controlled growth of inorganic semiconductor nanowires is important for their applications in nanoscale electronics and photonics. In this article, we discuss the rational growth, physical properties, and integration of nanowires based on the results from the authors' laboratory. The composition, diameter, growth position, and orientation of the nanowires are controlled based on the vapor-solid-liquid (VLS) crystal growth mechanism. The thermal stability and optical properties of these semiconductor nanowires are investigated. Particularly, ZnO nanowires with well-defined end surfaces can function as room-temperature ultraviolet nanolasers. In addition, a novel microfluidic-assisted nanowire integration (MANI) process was developed for the hierarchical assembly of nanowire building blocks into functional devices and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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