401
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Cai L, Song AY, Li W, Hsu PC, Lin D, Catrysse PB, Liu Y, Peng Y, Chen J, Wang H, Xu J, Yang A, Fan S, Cui Y. Spectrally Selective Nanocomposite Textile for Outdoor Personal Cooling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802152. [PMID: 30015999 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Outdoor heat stress poses a serious public health threat and curtails industrial labor supply and productivity, thus adversely impacting the wellness and economy of the entire society. With climate change, there will be more intense and frequent heat waves that further present a grand challenge for sustainability. However, an efficient and economical method that can provide localized outdoor cooling of the human body without intensive energy input is lacking. Here, a novel spectrally selective nanocomposite textile for radiative outdoor cooling using zinc oxide nanoparticle-embedded polyethylene is demonstrated. By reflecting more than 90% solar irradiance and selectively transmitting out human body thermal radiation, this textile can enable simulated skin to avoid overheating by 5-13 °C compared to normal textile like cotton under peak daylight condition. Owing to its superior passive cooling capability and compatibility with large-scale production, this radiative outdoor cooling textile is promising to widely benefit the sustainability of society in many aspects spanning from health to economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alex Y Song
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Wei Li
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Po-Chun Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dingchang Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Peter B Catrysse
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yayuan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yucan Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jinwei Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ankun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shanhui Fan
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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402
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Righini GC. Glassy Microspheres for Energy Applications. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9080379. [PMID: 30424312 PMCID: PMC6187686 DOI: 10.3390/mi9080379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microspheres made of glass, polymer, or crystal material have been largely used in many application areas, extending from paints to lubricants, to cosmetics, biomedicine, optics and photonics, just to mention a few. Here the focus is on the applications of glassy microspheres in the field of energy, namely covering issues related to their use in solar cells, in hydrogen storage, in nuclear fusion, but also as high-temperature insulators or proppants for shale oil and gas recovery. An overview is provided of the fabrication techniques of bulk and hollow microspheres, as well as of the excellent results made possible by the peculiar properties of microspheres. Considerations about their commercial relevance are also added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo C Righini
- Enrico Fermi Centre, 00184 Roma, Italy.
- Nello Carrara Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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403
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Liu CH, Ay C, Kan JC, Lee MT. The Effect of Radiative Cooling on Reducing the Temperature of Greenhouses. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11071166. [PMID: 29987204 PMCID: PMC6073526 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, greenhouses are widely used for the cultivation of various crops. However, in tropical and subtropical regions, undesired near-infrared radiation (NIR) causes heat loads inside the greenhouse. Recent works have demonstrated that radiative cooling, releasing energy via radiative heat exchange where the heat is dumped directly into outer space, can be achieved by using silica particles designed to emit in the infrared atmospheric transparency window. The purpose of this study is to improve the plastic greenhouse cladding to regulate the temperature inside the greenhouse, mainly by passive cooling. Low-density-polyethylene (LDPE)-based formulations with anti-fogging agent, UV stabilizer, and silica particles were prepared by the melt blending technique and were formed into a double film by extrusion molding. Experimental results showed that under 35 °C ambient conditions, the inner temperature of the simulated greenhouse with the newly developed cladding was 4 to 5 °C less than that of the greenhouse with the commercial agricultural polyethylene (PE) film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsin Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chia Yi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan.
| | - Chyung Ay
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, National Chia Yi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan.
| | - Jo-Chuan Kan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chia Yi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan.
| | - Maw-Tien Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chia Yi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan.
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404
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Cedeño Laurent JG, Williams A, Oulhote Y, Zanobetti A, Allen JG, Spengler JD. Reduced cognitive function during a heat wave among residents of non-air-conditioned buildings: An observational study of young adults in the summer of 2016. PLoS Med 2018; 15:e1002605. [PMID: 29990359 PMCID: PMC6039003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many regions globally, buildings designed for harnessing heat during the cold exacerbate thermal exposures during heat waves (HWs) by maintaining elevated indoor temperatures even when high ambient temperatures have subdued. While previous experimental studies have documented the effects of ambient temperatures on cognitive function, few have observed HW effects on indoor temperatures following subjects' habitual conditions. The objective was to evaluate the differential impact of having air conditioning (AC) on cognitive function during a HW among residents of AC and non-AC buildings using a prospective observational cohort study. METHODS We followed 44 students (mean age = 20.2 years; SD = 1.8 years) from a university in the Greater Boston area, Massachusetts in the United States living in AC (n = 24) and non-AC (n = 20) buildings before, during, and after a HW. Two cognition tests were self-administered daily for a period of 12 days (July 9-July 20, 2016), the Stroop color-word test (STROOP) to assess selective attention/processing speed and a 2-digit, visual addition/subtraction test (ADD) to evaluate cognitive speed and working memory. The effect of the HW on cognitive function was evaluated using difference-in-differences (DiD) modelling. FINDINGS Mean indoor temperatures in the non-AC group (mean = 26.3°C; SD = 2.5°C; range = 19.6-30.4°C) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in the AC group (mean = 21.4°C; SD = 1.9°C; range = 17.5-25.0°C). DiD estimates show an increase in reaction time (STROOP = 13.4%, p < 0001; ADD = 13.3%, p < 0.001) and reduction in throughput (STROOP = -9.9%, p < 0.001; ADD = -6.3%, p = 0.08) during HWs among non-AC residents relative to AC residents at baseline. While ADD showed a linear relationship with indoor temperatures, STROOP was described by a U-shaped curve with linear effects below and above an optimum range (indoor temperature = 22°C-23°C), with an increase in reaction time of 16 ms/°C and 24 ms/°C for STROOP and ADD, respectively. Cognitive tests occurred right after waking, so the study is limited in that it cannot assess whether the observed effects extended during the rest of the day. Although the range of students' ages also represents a limitation of the study, the consistent findings in this young, healthy population might indicate that greater portions of the population are susceptible to the effects of extreme heat. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive function deficits resulting from indoor thermal conditions during HWs extend beyond vulnerable populations. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating sustainable adaptation measures in buildings to preserve educational attainment, economic productivity, and safety in light of a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Guillermo Cedeño Laurent
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Augusta Williams
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Youssef Oulhote
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph G. Allen
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John D. Spengler
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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405
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Qu Y, Li Q, Cai L, Pan M, Ghosh P, Du K, Qiu M. Thermal camouflage based on the phase-changing material GST. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:26. [PMID: 30839556 PMCID: PMC6107009 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Camouflage technology has attracted growing interest for many thermal applications. Previous experimental demonstrations of thermal camouflage technology have not adequately explored the ability to continuously camouflage objects either at varying background temperatures or for wide observation angles. In this study, a thermal camouflage device incorporating the phase-changing material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) is experimentally demonstrated. It has been shown that near-perfect thermal camouflage can be continuously achieved for background temperatures ranging from 30 °C to 50 °C by tuning the emissivity of the device, which is attained by controlling the GST phase change. The thermal camouflage is robust when the observation angle is changed from 0° to 60°. This demonstration paves the way toward dynamic thermal emission control both within the scientific field and for practical applications in thermal information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Lu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Meiyan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Pintu Ghosh
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Kaikai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Min Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
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406
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Liu Z, Tu R, Liao Q, Hu H, Yang J, He Y, Bian H, Ma L, Liu W. High Thermal Conductivity of Flake Graphite Reinforced Polyethylene Composites Fabricated by the Powder Mixing Method and the Melt-Extruding Process. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10070693. [PMID: 30960618 PMCID: PMC6403869 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal conductivity of flake graphite (FG) particulates reinforced high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites was systematically investigated under a special dispersion state of FG particles. The effects of particle size, weight filling ratio and proportion of various sizes were discussed in detail. A special composite (15 wt % 500 μm/10 wt % 200 μm/10 wt % 20 μm/5 wt % 2 μm FG + 60 wt % polyethylene (PE)) with a high thermal conductivity about 2.49 W/(m·K) was produced by combining the synergistic effect of several fillers. The component material size distribution was employed to analyze the effect of particle size. And scanning electron microscope (SEM) was adopted to observe the FG network in the composites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed the good thermal stability of composites. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that all composites own a similar melting temperature. Sample compression experiment indicated that all composites still exhibit high mechanical strength. Consequently, the easy-making flake graphite reinforced polyethylene composites with a high thermal conductivity would have a wide application in the new material field, such as a thermal interface material, a heat exchanger, voltage cable, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichun Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Runchun Tu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Quanwen Liao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Hanlin Hu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jinguo Yang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yan He
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Huiguang Bian
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Lianxiang Ma
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
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407
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Li W, Fan S. Nanophotonic control of thermal radiation for energy applications [Invited]. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:15995-16021. [PMID: 30114851 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.015995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control thermal radiation is of fundamental importance for a wide range of applications. Nanophotonic structures, where at least one of the structural features are at a wavelength or sub-wavelength scale, can have thermal radiation properties that are drastically different from conventional thermal emitters, and offer exciting opportunities for energy applications. Here we review recent developments of nanophotonic control of thermal radiation, and highlight some exciting energy application opportunities, such as daytime radiative cooling, thermal textile, and thermophotovoltaic systems that are enabled by nanophotonic structures.
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408
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Tian Y, Ghanekar A, Ricci M, Hyde M, Gregory O, Zheng Y. A Review of Tunable Wavelength Selectivity of Metamaterials in Near-Field and Far-Field Radiative Thermal Transport. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11050862. [PMID: 29786650 PMCID: PMC5978239 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiative thermal transport of metamaterials has begun to play a significant role in thermal science and has great engineering applications. When the key features of structures become comparable to the thermal wavelength at a particular temperature, a narrowband or wideband of wavelengths can be created or shifted in both the emission and reflection spectrum of nanoscale metamaterials. Due to the near-field effect, the phenomena of radiative wavelength selectivity become significant. These effects show strong promise for applications in thermophotovoltaic energy harvesting, nanoscale biosensing, and increased energy efficiency through radiative cooling in the near future. This review paper summarizes the recent progress and outlook of both near-field and far-field radiative heat transfer, different design structures of metamaterials, applications of unique thermal and optical properties, and focuses especially on exploration of the tunable radiative wavelength selectivity of nano-metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Tian
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Alok Ghanekar
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Matt Ricci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Mikhail Hyde
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Otto Gregory
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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409
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Chen W, Song Y, Zhang L, Liu M, Hu X, Zhang Q. Thiophene-Fused-Heteroaromatic Diones as Promising NIR Reflectors for Radiative Cooling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6289-6293. [PMID: 29624842 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Developing appropriate NIR-reflective materials to combat near-infrared (NIR) heat radiation (700-2500 nm) from sunlight, avoiding energy accumulation and reduce energy consumption, is important and highly desirable. In this research, four thiophene-fused-heteroaromatic diones were used as basic reflectors to investigate the relationship between their intrinsic molecular structures and NIR-reflective properties. The reflectance intensity can be readily tuned by adjusting the length of the appended aliphatic side chains, as well as the strength of the electron-donating groups. A methoxy-substituted thiophene-fused-heteroaromatic dione showed the best performance in reflecting NIR, and it was used as a coating for a model glass house. The comparison of the internal temperature difference relative to a control house was measured and the maximum temperature was 12 °C lower than that in the control house.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangqiao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), 639798, Singapore, Singapore.,Temasek Laboratories@NTU, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yujie Song
- Temasek Laboratories@NTU, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liying Zhang
- Temasek Laboratories@NTU, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Liu
- Temasek Laboratories@NTU, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), 639798, Singapore, Singapore.,Temasek Laboratories@NTU, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore.,Environmental Chemistry & Materials Centre (ECMC), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), 639798, Singapore, Singapore.,School Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematics Science, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), Singapore, Singapore
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410
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Wu SR, Lai KL, Wang CM. Passive temperature control based on a phase change metasurface. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7684. [PMID: 29769619 PMCID: PMC5955985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a tunable mid-infrared metasurface based on VO2 phase change material is proposed for temperature control. The proposed structure consisting of a VO2/SiO2/VO2 cavity supports a thermally switchable Fabry-Perot-like resonance mode at the transparency window of the atmosphere. Theoretically, the radiative cooling power density of the proposed metasurface can be switched to four-fold as the device temperature is below/above the phase change temperature of VO2. Besides radiative cooling, a passive temperature control application based on this huge cooling power switching ability is theoretically demonstrated. We believe the proposed device can be applied for small radiative cooling and temperature control applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Rui Wu
- Department of Opto-electronic Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Lai
- Department of Opto-electronic Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Wang
- Department of Opto-electronic Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan.
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411
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Liu W, Kivshar YS. Generalized Kerker effects in nanophotonics and meta-optics [Invited]. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:13085-13105. [PMID: 29801341 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.013085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The original Kerker effect was introduced for a hypothetical magnetic sphere, and initially it did not attract much attention due to a lack of magnetic materials required. Rejuvenated by the recent explosive development of the field of metamaterials and especially its core concept of optically-induced artificial magnetism, the Kerker effect has gained an unprecedented impetus and rapidly pervaded different branches of nanophotonics. At the same time, the concept behind the effect itself has also been significantly expanded and generalized. Here we review the physics and various manifestations of the generalized Kerker effects, including the progress in the emerging field of meta-optics that focuses on interferences of electromagnetic multipoles of different orders and origins. We discuss not only the scattering by individual particles and particle clusters, but also the manipulation of reflection, transmission, diffraction, and absorption for metalattices and metasurfaces, revealing how various optical phenomena observed recently are all ubiquitously related to the Kerker's concept.
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412
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Chen W, Song Y, Zhang L, Liu M, Hu X, Zhang Q. Thiophene‐Fused‐Heteroaromatic Diones as Promising NIR Reflectors for Radiative Cooling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wangqiao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University (Singapore) 639798 Singapore Singapore
- Temasek Laboratories@NTU Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), Research Techno Plaza 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yujie Song
- Temasek Laboratories@NTU Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), Research Techno Plaza 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore Singapore
| | - Liying Zhang
- Temasek Laboratories@NTU Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), Research Techno Plaza 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore Singapore
| | - Ming Liu
- Temasek Laboratories@NTU Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), Research Techno Plaza 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore Singapore
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University (Singapore) 639798 Singapore Singapore
- Temasek Laboratories@NTU Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), Research Techno Plaza 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry & Materials Centre (ECMC) Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI) Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University (Singapore) 639798 Singapore Singapore
- School Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematics Science Nanyang Technological University (Singapore) Singapore Singapore
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413
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Zhang Y, Diebold GJ. Emissivity determination using the photoacoustic effect. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:2790-2794. [PMID: 29714280 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.002790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We show that emissivities in the near infrared can be determined relative to a reference surface employing the photoacoustic effect. The photoacoustic cell is equipped with two windows and a pair of synchronously moving chopping wheels so that the cell alternately views the test and the reference surface. The acoustic signals produced in the cell are detected with a microphone and that output is fed to a lock-in amplifier. The temperature of the test surface is varied to produce a null in the lock-in amplifier, which permits determination of a relative emissivity. Results of measurements for several plastic and metal surfaces are reported.
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414
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Thermodynamic limits of energy harvesting from outgoing thermal radiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E3609-E3615. [PMID: 29610347 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717595115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We derive the thermodynamic limits of harvesting power from the outgoing thermal radiation from the ambient to the cold outer space. The derivations are based on a duality relation between thermal engines that harvest solar radiation and those that harvest outgoing thermal radiation. In particular, we derive the ultimate limit for harvesting outgoing thermal radiation, which is analogous to the Landsberg limit for solar energy harvesting, and show that the ultimate limit far exceeds what was previously thought to be possible. As an extension of our work, we also derive the ultimate limit of efficiency of thermophotovoltaic systems.
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415
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Tsuda S, Yamaguchi S, Kanamori Y, Yugami H. Spectral and angular shaping of infrared radiation in a polymer resonator with molecular vibrational modes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:6899-6915. [PMID: 29609377 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.006899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive approach for tailoring the spectral and angular properties of infrared thermal radiation by using a polymer resonator with molecular vibrational modes, consisting of a polymer thin film on a back-reflective substrate. To precisely design the resonator, we derived the infrared dielectric function of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin film from the measured reflectance spectrum by fitting it with a Gaussian-convoluted Drude-Lorentz model while accounting for the inhomogeneous broadening caused by the disordered structure of polymers. Our experimental and numerical characterization confirms that the polymer resonator exhibits spectral shaping from quasi-broadband to narrowband due to the intrinsic molecular vibrational absorption of the polymer. The frequency-isolated and strong molecular vibrational absorption of the carbonyl stretching mode at 1730 cm-1 enables the narrowband shaping of the PMMA resonator. In addition, we confirm that the angular-shaping characteristics of this polymer resonator can be tuned, from omnidirectional to strongly angular selective, by changing its polymer film thickness. Modal dispersion analysis reveals that the angle-selectivity of the polymer resonator at an angle of incidence of 80° comes from coupling between the molecular vibrational mode and leaky mode. The proposed infrared radiation management strategy based on molecular vibrational modes of polymers is cost-effective, scalable, and works well with terrestrial matter, including organic compounds and gas molecules, showing promise for applications such as optical gas sensing and radiative thermal management.
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416
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Liu J, Xie Z, Shang Y, Ren J, Hu R, Guan B, Wang J, Ikeda T, Jiang L. Lyophilic but Nonwettable Organosilane-Polymerized Carbon Dots Inverse Opals with Closed-Cell Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:6701-6710. [PMID: 29378121 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a unique lyophilic but nonwettable property of organosilane-polymerized carbon dots inverse opals photonic crystals (SiCDPCs) with closed-cell structure. Little stopband shift was observed for the SiCDPCs when being immersed into the solvents such as isopropanol, olive oil, DMSO, hexane, silicone oil, ethanediol, etc. but keeping lyophilic property. This could be attributed to the combined effect of closed-cell structure and the unique chemical composition of SiCDPCs. Furthermore, more than 30 kinds of organic solvents had been investigated, it was found that there were two kinds of factors that affected the stopband shift upon solvent's immersing; one was the polarity of solvent, and the other one was the viscosity of solvent. That is, mainly nonpolar or high viscosity solvents showed lyophilic but nonwettable property. The distinct solvent-responsive behaviors of the SiCDPCs toward polar/nonpolar solvents had been utilized for the fabrication of 2D/3D pattern. Additionally, the as-prepared SiCDPCs showed improved optical limiting property, excellent low-temperature resistance, and abrasion tolerant property. It is of great importance for the development of multifunctional novel coating materials and creation of novel optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Liu
- School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 101407, China
| | | | - Yuanyuan Shang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, China
| | | | - Ruixiang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, China
| | | | - Jingxia Wang
- School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 101407, China
| | | | - Lei Jiang
- School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 101407, China
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417
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Qu Y, Cai L, Luo H, Lu J, Qiu M, Li Q. Tunable dual-band thermal emitter consisting of single-sized phase-changing GST nanodisks. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:4279-4287. [PMID: 29475279 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.004279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thermal emission control has been attracting increased attention in both fundamental science and many applications including infrared sensing, radiative cooling and thermophotovoltaics. In this paper, a tunable dual-band thermal emitter including phase-changing material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) is experimentally demonstrated. Two emission peak wavelengths are at 7.36 μm and 5.40 μm at amorphous phase, and can be continuously tuned to 10.01 μm and 7.56 μm while GST is tuned to crystalline phase. Compared with other dual-band metamaterial emitters, this tunable dual-band thermal emitter is only composed of an array of single-sized GST nanodisks (on a gold film), which can greatly simplify the design and manufacturing process, and pave the way towards dynamical thermal emission control.
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418
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Zhang HH, Sha WEI, Huang ZX, Shi GM. Flexible and Accurate Simulation of Radiation Cooling with FETD Method. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2652. [PMID: 29422550 PMCID: PMC5805686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21020-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal management and simulation are becoming increasingly important in many areas of engineering applications. There are three cooling routes for thermal management, namely thermal conduction, thermal convection and thermal radiation, among which the first two approaches have been widely studied and applied, while the radiation cooling has not yet attracted much attention in terrestrial environment because it usually contributes less to the total amount of thermal dissipation. Thus the simulation method for radiation cooling was also seldom noticed. The traditional way to simulate the radiation cooling is to solve the thermal conduction equation with an approximate radiation boundary condition, which neglects the wavelength and angular dependence of the emissivity of the object surface. In this paper, we combine the heat conduction equation with a rigorous radiation boundary condition discretized by the finite-element time-domain method to simulate the radiation cooling accurately and flexibly. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the accuracy, flexibilities and potential applications of the proposed method. The proposed numerical model can provide a powerful tool to gain deep physical insight and optimize the physical design of radiation cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Huan Zhang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China.,State Key Laboratory of Milimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Wei E I Sha
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Zhi Xiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Guang Ming Shi
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
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419
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Zhuang S, Zhou L, Xu W, Xu N, Hu X, Li X, Lv G, Zheng Q, Zhu S, Wang Z, Zhu J. Tuning Transpiration by Interfacial Solar Absorber-Leaf Engineering. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700497. [PMID: 29619300 PMCID: PMC5827646 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant transpiration, a process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts especially leaves, consumes a large component of the total continental precipitation (≈48%) and significantly influences global water distribution and climate. To date, various chemical and/or biological explorations have been made to tune the transpiration but with uncertain environmental risks. In recent years, interfacial solar steam/vapor generation is attracting a lot of attention for achieving high energy transfer efficiency. Various optical and thermal designs at the solar absorber-water interface for potential applications in water purification, seawater desalination, and power generation appear. In this work, the concept of interfacial solar vapor generation is extended to tunable plant transpiration by showing for the first time that the transpiration efficiency can also be enhanced or suppressed through engineering the solar absorber-leaf interface. By tuning the solar absorption of membrane in direct touch with green leaf, surface temperature of green leaf will change accordingly because of photothermal effect, thus the transpiration efficiency as well as temperature and relative humidity in the surrounding environment will be tuned. This tunable transpiration by interfacial absorber-leaf engineering can open an alternative avenue to regulate local atmospheric temperature, humidity, and eventually hydrologic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shendong Zhuang
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093P. R. China
| | - Weichao Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093P. R. China
| | - Ning Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhen Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093P. R. China
| | - Xiuqiang Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093P. R. China
| | - Guangxin Lv
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093P. R. China
| | - Qinghui Zheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093P. R. China
| | - Shining Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093P. R. China
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093P. R. China
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420
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Anderson light localization in biological nanostructures of native silk. Nat Commun 2018; 9:452. [PMID: 29386508 PMCID: PMC5792459 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Light in biological media is known as freely diffusing because interference is negligible. Here, we show Anderson light localization in quasi-two-dimensional protein nanostructures produced by silkworms (Bombyx mori). For transmission channels in native silk, the light flux is governed by a few localized modes. Relative spatial fluctuations in transmission quantities are proximal to the Anderson regime. The sizes of passive cavities (smaller than a single fibre) and the statistics of modes (decomposed from excitation at the gain–loss equilibrium) differentiate silk from other diffusive structures sharing microscopic morphological similarity. Because the strong reflectivity from Anderson localization is combined with the high emissivity of the biomolecules in infra-red radiation, silk radiates heat more than it absorbs for passive cooling. This collective evidence explains how a silkworm designs a nanoarchitectured optical window of resonant tunnelling in the physically closed structures, while suppressing most of transmission in the visible spectrum and emitting thermal radiation. Light in biological media is known as freely diffusing because interference is negligible. Here, the authors demonstrate Anderson localization of light from quasi-two-dimensional nanostructures in silk fibres.
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421
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhui Fan
- Ginzton Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, USA
| | - Aaswath Raman
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, USA
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422
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Gao T, Yang Z, Chen C, Li Y, Fu K, Dai J, Hitz EM, Xie H, Liu B, Song J, Yang B, Hu L. Three-Dimensional Printed Thermal Regulation Textiles. ACS NANO 2017; 11:11513-11520. [PMID: 29072903 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Space cooling is a predominant part of energy consumption in people's daily life. Although cooling the whole building is an effective way to provide personal comfort in hot weather, it is energy-consuming and high-cost. Personal cooling technology, being able to provide personal thermal comfort by directing local heat to the thermally regulated environment, has been regarded as one of the most promising technologies for cooling energy and cost savings. Here, we demonstrate a personal thermal regulated textile using thermally conductive and highly aligned boron nitride (BN)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite (denoted as a-BN/PVA) fibers to improve the thermal transport properties of textiles for personal cooling. The a-BN/PVA composite fibers are fabricated through a fast and scalable three-dimensional (3D) printing method. Uniform dispersion and high alignment of BN nanosheets (BNNSs) can be achieved during the processing of fiber fabrication, leading to a combination of high mechanical strength (355 MPa) and favorable heat dispersion. Due to the improved thermal transport property imparted by the thermally conductive and highly aligned BNNSs, better cooling effect (55% improvement over the commercial cotton fiber) can be realized in the a-BN/PVA textile. The wearable a-BN/PVA textiles containing the 3D-printed a-BN/PVA fibers offer a promising selection for meeting the personal cooling requirement, which can significantly reduce the energy consumption and cost for cooling the whole building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Chaoji Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yiju Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Kun Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jiaqi Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Emily M Hitz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Boyang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jianwei Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Bao Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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423
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Wan J, Song J, Yang Z, Kirsch D, Jia C, Xu R, Dai J, Zhu M, Xu L, Chen C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Hitz E, Lacey SD, Li Y, Yang B, Hu L. Highly Anisotropic Conductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28922480 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Composite materials with ordered microstructures often lead to enhanced functionalities that a single material can hardly achieve. Many biomaterials with unusual microstructures can be found in nature; among them, many possess anisotropic and even directional physical and chemical properties. With inspiration from nature, artificial composite materials can be rationally designed to achieve this anisotropic behavior with desired properties. Here, a metallic wood with metal continuously filling the wood vessels is developed, which demonstrates excellent anisotropic electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. The well-aligned metal rods are confined and separated by the wood vessels, which deliver directional electron transport parallel to the alignment direction. Thus, the novel metallic wood composite boasts an extraordinary anisotropic electrical conductivity (σ|| /σ⊥ ) in the order of 1011 , and anisotropic thermal conductivity (κ|| /κ⊥ ) of 18. These values exceed the highest reported values in existing anisotropic composite materials. The anisotropic functionality of the metallic wood enables it to be used for thermal management applications, such as thermal insulation and thermal dissipation. The highly anisotropic metallic wood serves as an example for further anisotropic materials design; other composite materials with different biotemplates/hosts and fillers can achieve even higher anisotropic ratios, allowing them to be implemented in a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Jianwei Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Dylan Kirsch
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Chao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Jiaqi Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Mingwei Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Lisha Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Chaoji Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Emily Hitz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Steven D Lacey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yongfeng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Bao Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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424
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Wang XQ, Tan CF, Chan KH, Xu K, Hong M, Kim SW, Ho GW. Nanophotonic-Engineered Photothermal Harnessing for Waste Heat Management and Pyroelectric Generation. ACS NANO 2017; 11:10568-10574. [PMID: 28972730 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
At present, there are various limitations to harvesting ambient waste heat which include the lack of economically viable material and innovative design features that can efficiently recover low grade heat for useful energy conversion. In this work, a thermal nanophotonic-pyroelectric (TNPh-pyro) scheme consisting of a metamaterial multilayer and pyroelectric material, which performs synergistic waste heat rejection and photothermal heat-to-electricity conversion, is presented. Unlike any other pyroelectric configuration, this conceptual design deviates from the conventional by deliberately employing back-reflecting NIR to enable waste heat reutilization/recuperation to enhance pyroelectric generation, avoiding excessive solar heat uptake and also retaining high visual transparency of the device. Passive solar reflective cooling up to 4.1 °C is demonstrated. Meanwhile, the photothermal pyroelectric performance capitalizing on the back-reflecting effect shows an open circuit voltage (Voc) and short circuit current (Isc) enhancement of 152 and 146%, respectively. In addition, the designed photoactive component (TiO2/Cu) within the metamaterial multilayer provides the TNPh-pyro system with an effective air pollutant photodegradation functionality. Finally, proof-of-concept for concurrent photothermal management and enhanced solar pyroelectric generation under a real outdoor environment is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiao Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Chuan Fu Tan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Kwok Hoe Chan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Kaichen Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Minghui Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghim Wei Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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425
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Liu Y, Qiu J, Zhao J, Liu L. General design method of ultra-broadband perfect absorbers based on magnetic polaritons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:A980-A989. [PMID: 29041402 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.00a980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Starting from one-dimensional gratings and the theory of magnetic polaritons (MPs), we propose a general design method of ultra-broadband perfect absorbers. Based on the proposed design method, the obtained absorber can keep the spectrum-average absorptance over 99% at normal incidence in a wide range of wavelengths; this work simultaneously reveals the robustness of the absorber to incident angles and polarization angles of incident light. Furthermore, this work shows that the spectral band of perfect absorption can be flexibly extended to near the infrared regime by adjusting the structure dimension. The findings of this work may facilitate the active design of ultra-broadband absorbers based on plasmonic nanostructures.
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426
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Metamaterial Waveguide Devices for Integrated Optics. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10091037. [PMID: 28872621 PMCID: PMC5615692 DOI: 10.3390/ma10091037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We show the feasibility of controlling the magnetic permeability of optical semiconductor devices on InP-based photonic integration platforms. We have achieved the permeability control of GaInAsP/InP semiconductor waveguides by combining the waveguide with a metamaterial consisting of gate-controlled split ring resonators. The split-ring resonators interact magnetically with light travelling in the waveguide and move the effective relative permeability of the waveguide away from 1 at optical frequencies. The variation in permeability can be controlled with the gate voltage. Using this variable-permeability waveguide, we have built an optical modulator consisting of a GaInAsP/InP Mach–Zehnder interferometer for use at an optical communication wavelength of 1.55 μm. The device changes the permeability of its waveguide arm with controlling gate voltage, thereby varying the refractive index of the arm to modulate the intensity of light. For the study of variable-permeability waveguide devices, we also propose a method of extracting separately the permittivity and permeability values of devices from the experimental data of light transmission. Adjusting the permeability of optical semiconductors to the needs of device designers will open the promising field of ‘permeability engineering’. Permeability engineering will facilitate the manipulation of light and the management of photons, thereby contributing to the development of novel devices with sophisticated functions for photonic integration.
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427
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Phonon Transport through Nanoscale Contact in Tip-Based Thermal Analysis of Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7080200. [PMID: 28788053 PMCID: PMC5575682 DOI: 10.3390/nano7080200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have been actively employed in various applications for energy and sustainability, such as biosensing, gas sensing, solar thermal energy conversion, passive radiative cooling, etc. Understanding thermal transports inside such nanomaterials is crucial for optimizing their performance for different applications. In order to probe the thermal transport inside nanomaterials or nanostructures, tip-based nanoscale thermometry has often been employed. It has been well known that phonon transport in nanometer scale is fundamentally different from that occurred in macroscale. Therefore, Fourier’s law that relies on the diffusion approximation is not ideally suitable for describing the phonon transport occurred in nanostructures and/or through nanoscale contact. In the present study, the gray Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) is numerically solved using finite volume method. Based on the gray BTE, phonon transport through the constriction formed by a probe itself as well as the nanoscale contact between the probe tip and the specimen is investigated. The interaction of a probe and a specimen (i.e., treated as a substrate) is explored qualitatively by analyzing the temperature variation in the tip-substrate configuration. Besides, each contribution of a probe tip, tip-substrate interface, and a substrate to the thermal resistance are analyzed for wide ranges of the constriction ratio of the probe.
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428
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429
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, 3112 Etchverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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