1
|
Diez I, Krysa A, Luxmoore IJ. Inverse Design of Whispering-Gallery Nanolasers with Tailored Beam Shape and Polarization. ACS Photonics 2023; 10:968-976. [PMID: 37096212 PMCID: PMC10119977 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Control over the shape and polarization of the beam emitted by a laser source is important in applications such as optical communications, optical manipulation and high-resolution optical imaging. In this paper, we present the inverse design of monolithic whispering-gallery nanolasers which emit along their axial direction with a tailored laser beam shape and polarization. We design and experimentally verify three types of submicron cavities, each one emitting into a different laser radiation mode: an azimuthally polarized doughnut beam, a radially polarized doughnut beam and a linearly polarized Gaussian-like beam. The measured output laser beams yield a field overlap with respect to the target mode of 92%, 96%, and 85% for the azimuthal, radial, and linearly polarized cases, respectively, thereby demonstrating the generality of the method in the design of ultracompact lasers with tailored beams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iago Diez
- Department
of Engineering, University of Exeter, EX4 4QF, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Exeter, EX4 4QL, Exeter, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
| | - Andrey Krysa
- EPSRC
National Epitaxy Facility, University of
Sheffield, S1 3JD, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac J. Luxmoore
- Department
of Engineering, University of Exeter, EX4 4QF, Exeter, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parhizkar H, Fretz M, Laguerre A, Stenson J, Corsi RL, Van Den Wymelenberg KG, Gall ET. A novel VOC breath tracer method to evaluate indoor respiratory exposures in the near- and far-fields. Res Sq 2022:rs.3.rs-1437107. [PMID: 35291299 PMCID: PMC8923116 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1437107/v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Several studies suggest that far-field transmission (> 6 ft) explains the significant number of COVID-19 superspreading outbreaks. Therefore, quantitative evaluation of near- and far-field exposure to emissions from a source is key to better understanding human-to-human airborne infectious disease transmission and associated risks. In this study, we used an environmentally-controlled chamber to measure volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from a healthy participant who consumed breath mints, which contained unique tracer compounds. Tracer measurements were made at 2.5 ft, 5 ft, 7.5 ft from the participant, as well as in the exhaust plenum of the chamber. We observed that 2.5 ft trials had substantially (~36-44%) higher concentrations than other distances during the first 20 minutes of experiments, highlighting the importance of the near-field relative to the far-field before virus-laden respiratory aerosol plumes are continuously mixed into the far-field. However, for the conditions studied, the concentrations of human-sourced tracers after 20 minutes and approaching the end of the 60-minute trials at 2.5 ft, 5 ft, and 7.5 ft were only ~18%, ~11%, and ~7.5% higher than volume-averaged concentrations, respectively. Our findings highlight the importance of far-field transmission of airborne pathogens including SARS-CoV-2, which need to be considered in public health decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Parhizkar
- Institute for Health in the Built Environment, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Mark Fretz
- Institute for Health in the Built Environment, University of Oregon, Portland, Oregon
| | - Aurélie Laguerre
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jason Stenson
- Energy Studies in Building Laboratories, University of Oregon, Portland, Oregon
| | | | | | - Elliott T Gall
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shin E, Lee YJ, Nam H, Kwon SH. Hydrogen Sensor: Detecting Far-Field Scattering of Nano-Blocks (Mg, Ag, and Pd). Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20143831. [PMID: 32660031 PMCID: PMC7411693 DOI: 10.3390/s20143831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sensor technologies have been rapidly developing. For effective and safe sensing, we proposed a hydrogen sensor composed of magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), and palladium (Pd) nano-blocks that overcomes the spectral resolution limit. This sensor exploited the properties of Mg and Pd when absorbing hydrogen. Mg became a dielectric material, and the atomic lattice of Pd expanded. These properties led to changes in the plasmonic gap mode between the nano-blocks. Owing to the changing gap mode, the far-field scattering pattern significantly changed with the hydrogen concentration. Thus, sensing the hydrogen concentration was able to be achieved simply by detecting the far-field intensity at a certain angle for incident light with a specific wavelength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunso Shin
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea; (E.S.); (Y.J.L.)
| | - Young Jin Lee
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea; (E.S.); (Y.J.L.)
| | - Hyoungjoo Nam
- Da Vinci College of General Education, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Soon-Hong Kwon
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea; (E.S.); (Y.J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5844
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu FZ, Liao HT, Zhan XZ, Shehata M, Ehdaie A, Chen QF, Wu SL, Xue YM, Wang XZ. Inability to capture with increasing current strength: Is this near-field or far-field? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2020; 31:960-963. [PMID: 32077548 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of wide-complex tachycardia in which the clinical electrophysiological diagnosis was considered to be bundle branch re-entry ventricular tachycardia. A series of ventricular entrainment attempts were performed from the left and right ventricular septum to confirm the diagnosis. Entrainment pacing with a general current output (10 mA) was performed from the right ventricular septum with manifest fusion and a post-pacing interval similar to tachycardia cycle length. Thereafter, another entrainment attempt with a greater current output (20 mA) was performed from the same site. Paradoxically, concealed fusion was demonstrated by selective RB capture only, though there was no clear "RB" potential seen. In this case, we attempt to explain and illustrate the mechanism of paradoxical near-field inability to capture with increasing current strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zhou Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hong-Tao Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Zhang Zhan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael Shehata
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ashkan Ehdaie
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Qiu-Fan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Mei Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun-Zhang Wang
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shin E, Lee YJ, Kim Y, Kwon SH. Horizontal Plasmonic Ruler Based on the Scattering Far-Field Pattern. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:E3365. [PMID: 30304794 DOI: 10.3390/s18103365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel method is proposed to detect the horizontal shift of a specific nanoblock relative to a reference nanoblock using surface plasmon modes at nanometer resolution. To accomplish this task, two orthogonal localized surface plasmon resonances were excited within the air gap region between the silver nanoblocks at the respective wavelengths, 890 nm, and 1100 nm. This technique utilized the scattering far-field intensities of the two block nanostructures at the two specific wavelengths at two specific directional spots. The ratio of the scattering intensities at the two spots changed according to the horizontal shift of the block that moved. Correspondingly, this ratio can be used to provide the precise location of the block. This method can be applied to many fields, including label-free bio-sensing, bio-analysis and alignment during nano-fabrication, owing to the high resolution and simplicity of the process.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tian Y, Ghanekar A, Ricci M, Hyde M, Gregory O, Zheng Y. A Review of Tunable Wavelength Selectivity of Metamaterials in Near-Field and Far-Field Radiative Thermal Transport. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11050862. [PMID: 29786650 PMCID: PMC5978239 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiative thermal transport of metamaterials has begun to play a significant role in thermal science and has great engineering applications. When the key features of structures become comparable to the thermal wavelength at a particular temperature, a narrowband or wideband of wavelengths can be created or shifted in both the emission and reflection spectrum of nanoscale metamaterials. Due to the near-field effect, the phenomena of radiative wavelength selectivity become significant. These effects show strong promise for applications in thermophotovoltaic energy harvesting, nanoscale biosensing, and increased energy efficiency through radiative cooling in the near future. This review paper summarizes the recent progress and outlook of both near-field and far-field radiative heat transfer, different design structures of metamaterials, applications of unique thermal and optical properties, and focuses especially on exploration of the tunable radiative wavelength selectivity of nano-metamaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Tian
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Alok Ghanekar
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Matt Ricci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Mikhail Hyde
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Otto Gregory
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dinis H, Colmiais I, Mendes PM. Extending the Limits of Wireless Power Transfer to Miniaturized Implantable Electronic Devices. Micromachines (Basel) 2017; 8:E359. [PMID: 30400549 PMCID: PMC6187913 DOI: 10.3390/mi8120359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Implantable electronic devices have been evolving at an astonishing pace, due to the development of fabrication techniques and consequent miniaturization, and a higher efficiency of sensors, actuators, processors and packaging. Implantable devices, with sensing, communication, actuation, and wireless power are of high demand, as they pave the way for new applications and therapies. Long-term and reliable powering of such devices has been a challenge since they were first introduced. This paper presents a review of representative state of the art implantable electronic devices, with wireless power capabilities, ranging from inductive coupling to ultrasounds. The different power transmission mechanisms are compared, to show that, without new methodologies, the power that can be safely transmitted to an implant is reaching its limit. Consequently, a new approach, capable of multiplying the available power inside a brain phantom for the same specific absorption rate (SAR) value, is proposed. In this paper, a setup was implemented to quadruple the power available in the implant, without breaking the SAR limits. A brain phantom was used for concept verification, with both simulation and measurement data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Dinis
- CMEMS, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Ivo Colmiais
- CMEMS, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Park Y, Choi A, Kim K. Monaural Sound Localization Based on Reflective Structure and Homomorphic Deconvolution. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:s17102189. [PMID: 28946625 PMCID: PMC5677355 DOI: 10.3390/s17102189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric structure around the receiver provides a particular time delay for the specific incoming propagation. This paper designs a monaural sound localization system based on the reflective structure around the microphone. The reflective plates are placed to present the direction-wise time delay, which is naturally processed by convolutional operation with a sound source. The received signal is separated for estimating the dominant time delay by using homomorphic deconvolution, which utilizes the real cepstrum and inverse cepstrum sequentially to derive the propagation response’s autocorrelation. Once the localization system accurately estimates the information, the time delay model computes the corresponding reflection for localization. Because of the structure limitation, two stages of the localization process perform the estimation procedure as range and angle. The software toolchain from propagation physics and algorithm simulation realizes the optimal 3D-printed structure. The acoustic experiments in the anechoic chamber denote that 79.0% of the study range data from the isotropic signal is properly detected by the response value, and 87.5% of the specific direction data from the study range signal is properly estimated by the response time. The product of both rates shows the overall hit rate to be 69.1%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeonseok Park
- Division of Electronics & Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea.
| | - Anthony Choi
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Mercer University, 1501 Mercer University Drive, Macon, GA 31207, USA.
| | - Keonwook Kim
- Division of Electronics & Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu Z, Du S, Cui A, Li Z, Fan Y, Chen S, Li W, Li J, Gu C. High-Quality-Factor Mid-Infrared Toroidal Excitation in Folded 3D Metamaterials. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1606298. [PMID: 28225176 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With unusual electromagnetic radiation properties and great application potentials, optical toroidal moments have received increasing interest in recent years. 3D metamaterials composed of split ring resonators with specific orientations in micro-/nanoscale are a perfect choice for toroidal moment realization in optical frequency considering the excellent magnetic confinement and quality factor, which, unfortunately, are currently beyond the reach of existing micro-/nanofabrication techniques. Here, a 3D toroidal metamaterial operating in mid-infrared region constructed by metal patterns and dielectric frameworks is designed, by which high-quality-factor toroidal resonance is observed experimentally. The toroidal dipole excitation is confirmed numerically and further demonstrated by phase analysis. Furthermore, the far-field radiation intensity of the excited toroidal dipoles can be adjusted to be predominant among other multipoles by just tuning the incident angle. The related processing method expands the capability of focused ion beam folding technologies greatly, especially in 3D metamaterial fabrication, showing great flexibility and nanoscale controllability on structure size, position, and orientation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shuo Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ajuan Cui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Zhancheng Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuancheng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry Ministry of Education and Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Shuqi Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wuxia Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Changzhi Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qin F, Huang K, Wu J, Teng J, Qiu CW, Hong M. A Supercritical Lens Optical Label-Free Microscopy: Sub-Diffraction Resolution and Ultra-Long Working Distance. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1602721. [PMID: 27991699 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A planar metalens for achieving super-resolution imaging in far-field is proposed. This metalens, which has a non-sub-wavelength feature size, can be fabricated by conventional laser pattern generator. The imaging process is purely physical and captured in real time, without any pre- and post-processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Kun Huang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Minghui Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
We demonstrate a far-field single molecule super-resolution method that maps plasmonic near-fields. The method is largely invariant to fluorescence quenching (arising from probe proximity to a metal), has reduced point-spread-function distortion compared to fluorescent dyes (arising from strong coupling to nanoscopic metallic features), and has a large dynamic range (of 2 orders of magnitude) allowing mapping of plasmonic field-enhancements regions. The method takes advantage of the sensitivity of quantum dot (QD) stochastic blinking to plasmonic near-fields. The modulation of the blinking characteristics thus provides an indirect measure of the local field strength. Since QD blinking can be monitored in the far-field, the method can measure localized plasmonic near-fields at high throughput using a simple far-field optical setup. Using this method, propagation lengths and penetration depths were mapped-out for silver nanowires of different diameters and for different dielectric environments, with a spatial accuracy of ∼15 nm. We initially use sparse sampling to ensure single molecule localization for accurate characterization of the plasmonic near-field with plans to increase density of emitters in further studies. The measured propagation lengths and penetration depths values agree well with Maxwell finite-difference time-domain calculations and with published literature values. This method offers advantages such as low cost, high throughput, and superresolved mapping of localized plasmonic fields at high sensitivity and fidelity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shimon Weiss
- Department of Physics, Bar Ilan University , Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| |
Collapse
|