401
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Sen S, Roychoudhury PK. Development of optimal medium for production of commercially important monoclonal antibody 520C9 by hybridoma cell. Cytotechnology 2012; 65:233-52. [PMID: 22810175 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridoma HB-8696 produces monoclonal antibody (mAb) 520C9 (mouse IgG(1)), which recognizes breast cancer oncoprotein c-erbB2. The objective of this study was to optimize the medium recipe of HB 8696 cell for production of mAb 520C9. The optimization consisted of two steps: (1) screening of significant nutrients to make subsequent experiments more efficient with less runs and (2) locating their optimal concentrations. 29 variables including essential and non-essential amino acids, glucose, serum and 6 salts, namely NaCl, KCl, CaCl(2), NaH(2)PO(4), MgSO(4) and Na-pyruvate were chosen in screening phase. The Plackett-Burman method was used to screen the variables influencing mAb production. Seven factors namely glucose, serum, asparagine, threonine, serine, NaCl and NaH(2)PO(4) were identified to have a positive influencing role on mAb production with a confidence level >90 % (p < 0.1). Finally, Response surface methodology revealed the optimal level of the variables. The mAb production and average specific mAb production rate were enhanced by 111.05 and 105 %, respectively, compared to control medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharita Sen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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402
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Zeck A, Regula JT, Larraillet V, Mautz B, Popp O, Göpfert U, Wiegeshoff F, Vollertsen UEE, Gorr IH, Koll H, Papadimitriou A. Low level sequence variant analysis of recombinant proteins: an optimized approach. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40328. [PMID: 22792284 PMCID: PMC3391300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence variants in recombinant biopharmaceuticals may have a relevant and unpredictable impact on clinical safety and efficacy. Hence, their sensitive analysis is important throughout bioprocess development. The two stage analytical approach presented here provides a quick multi clone comparison of candidate production cell lines as a first stage, followed by an in-depth analysis including identification and quantitation of aberrant sequence variants of selected clones as a second stage. We show that the differential analysis is a suitable tool for sensitive and fast batch to batch comparison of recombinant proteins. The optimized approach allows for detection of not only single amino acid substitutions in unmodified peptides, but also substitutions in posttranslational modified peptides such as glycopeptides, for detection of truncated or elongated sequence variants as well as double amino acid substitutions or substitution with amino acid structural isomers within one peptide. In two case studies we were able to detect sequence variants of different origin down to a sub percentage level. One of the sequence variants (Thr → Asn) could be correlated to a cytosine to adenine substitution at DNA (desoxyribonucleic acid) level. In the second case we were able to correlate the sub percentage substitution (Phe → Tyr) to amino acid limitation in the chemically defined fermentation medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Zeck
- Biologics Research, Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany.
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403
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Qian J, El Khoury G, Issa H, Al-Qaoud K, Shihab P, Lowe CR. A synthetic Protein G adsorbent based on the multi-component Ugi reaction for the purification of mammalian immunoglobulins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 898:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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404
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Adair JR, Howard PW, Hartley JA, Williams DG, Chester KA. Antibody–drug conjugates – a perfect synergy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12:1191-206. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.693473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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405
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Brodsky Y, Zhang C, Yigzaw Y, Vedantham G. Caprylic acid precipitation method for impurity reduction: An alternative to conventional chromatography for monoclonal antibody purification. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:2589-98. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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406
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Wuest DM, Harcum SW, Lee KH. Genomics in mammalian cell culture bioprocessing. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:629-38. [PMID: 22079893 PMCID: PMC3718848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Explicitly identifying the genome of a host organism including sequencing, mapping, and annotating its genetic code has become a priority in the field of biotechnology with aims at improving the efficiency and understanding of cell culture bioprocessing. Recombinant protein therapeutics, primarily produced in mammalian cells, constitute a $108 billion global market. The most common mammalian cell line used in biologic production processes is the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line, and although great improvements have been made in titer production over the past 25 years, the underlying molecular and physiological factors are not well understood. Confident understanding of CHO bioprocessing elements (e.g. cell line selection, protein production, and reproducibility of process performance and product specifications) would significantly improve with a well understood genome. This review describes mammalian cell culture use in bioprocessing, the importance of obtaining CHO cell line genetic sequences, and the current status of sequencing efforts. Furthermore, transcriptomic techniques and gene expression tools are presented, and case studies exploring genomic techniques and applications aimed to improve mammalian bioprocess performance are reviewed. Finally, future implications of genomic advances are surmised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M. Wuest
- Chemical Engineering and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Sarah W. Harcum
- Bioengineering, Clemson University, 301 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Kelvin H. Lee
- Chemical Engineering and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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407
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SweetBac: a new approach for the production of mammalianised glycoproteins in insect cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34226. [PMID: 22485160 PMCID: PMC3317771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant production of therapeutically active proteins has become a central focus of contemporary life science research. These proteins are often produced in mammalian cells, in order to obtain products with post-translational modifications similar to their natural counterparts. However, in cases where a fast and flexible system for recombinant production of proteins is needed, the use of mammalian cells is limited. The baculoviral insect cell system has proven to be a powerful alternative for the expression of a wide range of recombinant proteins in short time frames. The major drawback of baculoviral systems lies in the inability to perform mammalian-like glycosylation required for the production of therapeutic glycoproteins. In this study we integrated sequences encoding Caenorhabditis elegans N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II and bovine β1,4-galactosyltransferase I into the backbone of a baculovirus genome. The thereby generated SweetBac virus was subsequently used for the production of the human HIV anti-gp41 antibody 3D6 by integrating heavy and light chain open reading frames into the SweetBac genome. The parallel expression of target genes and glycosyltransferases reduced the yield of secreted antibody. However, the overall expression rate, especially in the recently established Tnao38 cell line, was comparable to that of transient expression in mammalian cells. In order to evaluate the ability of SweetBac to generate mammalian-like N-glycan structures on 3D6 antibody, we performed SDS-PAGE and tested for the presence of terminal galactose using Riccinus communis agglutinin I. The mammalianised variants of 3D6 showed highly specific binding to the lectin, indicating proper functionality. To confirm these results, PNGase A released N-glycans were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS and shown to contain structures with mainly one or two terminal galactose residues. Since the presence of specific N-glycans has an impact on antibodies ability to exert different effector functions, we tested the binding to human Fc gamma receptor I present on U937 cells.
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408
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Analyzing the dynamics of cell growth and protein production in mammalian cell fed-batch systems using logistic equations. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 39:1061-71. [PMID: 22389206 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The logistic modeling approach was used to describe experimental viable cell density (X) and product concentration (P) data from two industrial fed-batch mammalian cell culture processes with maximum product concentrations in the 3.0-9.4 g/l range. In both cases, experimental data were well described by the logistic equations and the resulting specific growth rate and protein productivity profiles provided useful insights into the process kinetics. Subsequently, sensitivity equations for both the X and P models were analyzed which helped characterize the influence of model parameters on X and P time courses. This was augmented by conventional sensitivity analyses where five values of each model parameter, 25% apart, were used to generate X and P time courses. Finally, results from sensitivity analysis were used to simulate X and P time courses that were reflective of typical early- and late-stage fed-batch cell culture processes. Different combinations of the logistic model parameters were used to arrive at the same final product concentration demonstrating the ability of the logistic approach to describe the multitude of process paths that result in the same final product concentration. Overall, the capability of the logistic equations to well describe X and P data from fed-batch cultures, coupled with their ability to simulate the multitude of paths leading up to the desired cell density and product concentration profiles, make them a useful tool during mammalian cell fed-batch process development.
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409
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Adame-Gallegos JR, Shi J, McIntosh RS, Pleass RJ. The generation and evaluation of two panels of epitope-matched mouse IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 antibodies specific for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii merozoite surface protein 1-19 (MSP1(19)). Exp Parasitol 2012; 130:384-93. [PMID: 22343045 PMCID: PMC3336205 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Murine immunoglobulin G (IgG) plays an important role in mediating protective immune responses to malaria. We still know relatively little about which IgG subclasses protect against this disease in mouse models, although IgG2a and IgG2b are considered to be the most potent and dominate in successful passive transfer experiments in rodent malarias. To explore the mechanism(s) by which the different mouse IgG subclasses may mediate a protective effect, we generated mouse IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 specific for the C-terminal 19-kDa region of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (PfMSP119), and to the homologous antigen from Plasmodium yoelii (P. yoelii), both major targets of protective immune responses. This panel of eight IgGs bound antigen with an affinity comparable to that seen for their epitope-matched parental monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from which they were derived, although for reasons of yield, we were only able to explore the function of mouse IgG1 recognizing PfMSP119 in detail, both in vitro and in vivo. Murine IgG1 was as effective as the parental human IgG from which it was derived at inducing NADPH-mediated oxidative bursts and degranulation from neutrophils. Despite showing efficacy in in vitro functional assays with neutrophils, the mouse IgG1 failed to protect against parasite challenge in vivo. The lack of protection afforded by MSP119-specific IgG1 against parasite challenge in wild type mice suggests that this Ab class does not play a major role in the control of infection with mouse malaria in the Plasmodium berghei transgenic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime R Adame-Gallegos
- Lab C4, Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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410
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Li J, Gu W, Edmondson DG, Lu C, Vijayasankaran N, Figueroa B, Stevenson D, Ryll T, Li F. Generation of a cholesterol-independent, non-GS NS0 cell line through chemical treatment and application for high titer antibody production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:1685-92. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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411
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Farahmand L, Majidzadeh-A K, Sepehrizadeh Z, Mofid MR, Esmaeili R, Yazdi MT. Ligation Independent Cloning of Polycistronic, Genetically Modified, HuMAb4D5-8 F (ab') 2, in Bacterial Plasmid. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2012; 4:15-22. [PMID: 23407748 PMCID: PMC3558198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, recombinant monoclonal antibodies and their derivatives have emerged as important targeted therapy agents. Monoclonal antibodies are extremely difficult to produce. So, the cost of production is very high and many people cannot afford these drugs. In this regard, choosing inexpensive and easy ways to manipulate production systems such as bacterial hosts to reduce the cost of manufacturing these critical components are considered as vital step for developmental issues in recombinant expression systems. We, therefore, attempted to generate a polycistronic construct of anti HER-2 F(ab')2 fragment antibody for insertion in an expression bacterial plasmid. Also some modifications were made in the hinge region to express antibody F(ab')2 fragment in its authentic form preventing from multiple varieties of disulfide bond formation. Finally, synthesized construct was cloned in pET-32 Ek/LIC vector without using restriction enzyme digestion or ligation reactions. The results of this study showed that modified F(ab')2 fragment was simply and successfully inserted in Escherichia coli (E.coli) using the Ligation Independent Cloning technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Farahmand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Iranian Center for Breast Cancer (ICBC), Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Iranian Center for Breast Cancer (ICBC), Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran,AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding authors: Keivan Majidzadeh-A, M.D., Ph.D., Iranian Center for Breast Cancer (ICBC), Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98 21 66488980. Fax: +98 21 66488980. E-mail:
| | - Zargham Sepehrizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Zargham Sepehrizadeh, Ph.D., Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98 21 66959090 Fax: +98 21 88027672. E-mail:
| | | | - Rezvan Esmaeili
- Iranian Center for Breast Cancer (ICBC), Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Tabatabaei Yazdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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412
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Identification of cell culture conditions to control protein aggregation of IgG fusion proteins expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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413
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Abstract
Antibodies make up the largest, growing segment of protein therapeutics in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. The development or engineering of therapeutic antibodies is based to a large extent on our knowledge of antibody structure and requires sophisticated methods that continue to evolve. In this chapter, after a review of what is known about the structure and functional properties of antibodies, the current, state-of-the-art antibody engineering methods are described. These methods include antibody humanization, antigen-affinity optimization, Fc engineering for modulated effector function and extended half-life, and engineering for improved stability and biophysical properties. X-ray crystallographic structures of antibody fragments and their complexes can play a critical role in guiding and, in some cases, accelerating these processes. These approaches represent guidelines for developing antibody therapeutics with the desired affinity, effector function, and biophysical properties.
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414
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Technology trends in antibody purification. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1221:57-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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415
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Efficient Discovery of Chromatography Equipment Sizing Strategies for Antibody Purification Processes Using Evolutionary Computing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-32964-7_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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416
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Capillary size exclusion chromatography with picogram sensitivity for analysis of monoclonal antibodies purified from harvested cell culture fluid. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1219:140-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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417
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Diederich P, Hansen SK, Oelmeier SA, Stolzenberger B, Hubbuch J. A sub-two minutes method for monoclonal antibody-aggregate quantification using parallel interlaced size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:9010-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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418
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Zhang L, Lilyestrom W, Li C, Scherer T, van Reis R, Zhang B. Revealing a Positive Charge Patch on a Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody by Chemical Labeling and Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8501-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2016129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangyi Zhang
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Development, §Purification Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wayne Lilyestrom
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Development, §Purification Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Charlene Li
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Development, §Purification Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas Scherer
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Development, §Purification Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Robert van Reis
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Development, §Purification Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Boyan Zhang
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, ‡Pharmaceutical Development, §Purification Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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419
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420
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Effect of pH on protein adsorption capacity of strong cation exchangers with grafted layer. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6987-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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421
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Munro TP, Mahler SM, Huang EP, Chin DY, Gray PP. Bridging the gap: facilities and technologies for development of early stage therapeutic mAb candidates. MAbs 2011; 3:440-52. [PMID: 21822050 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.3.5.16968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) currently dominate the biologics marketplace. Development of a new therapeutic mAb candidate is a complex, multistep process and early stages of development typically begin in an academic research environment. Recently, a number of facilities and initiatives have been launched to aid researchers along this difficult path and facilitate progression of the next mAb blockbuster. Complementing this, there has been a renewed interest from the pharmaceutical industry to reconnect with academia in order to boost dwindling pipelines and encourage innovation. In this review, we examine the steps required to take a therapeutic mAb from discovery through early stage preclinical development and toward becoming a feasible clinical candidate. Discussion of the technologies used for mAb discovery, production in mammalian cells and innovations in single-use bioprocessing is included. We also examine regulatory requirements for product quality and characterization that should be considered at the earliest stages of mAb development. We provide details on the facilities available to help researchers and small-biotech build value into early stage product development, and include examples from within our own facility of how technologies are utilized and an analysis of our client base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent P Munro
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, QLD Australia.
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422
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Read EK, Park JT, Brorson KA. Industry and regulatory experience of the glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2011; 58:213-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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423
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Peuker T, Bogner A. Equipment design and facility layout for flexible biomanufacturing processes. Eng Life Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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424
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Strube J, Grote F, Josch J, Ditz R. Process Development and Design of Downstream Processes. CHEM-ING-TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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425
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Trilisky E, Gillespie R, Osslund TD, Vunnum S. Crystallization and liquid-liquid phase separation of monoclonal antibodies and fc-fusion proteins: Screening results. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:1054-67. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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426
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Almodóvar EXP, Tao Y, Carta G. Protein adsorption and transport in cation exchangers with a rigid backbone matrix with and without polymeric surface extenders. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:1264-72. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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427
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Thaisuchat H, Baumann M, Pontiller J, Hesse F, Ernst W. Identification of a novel temperature sensitive promoter in CHO cells. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:51. [PMID: 21569433 PMCID: PMC3118111 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) expression system is the leading production platform for manufacturing biopharmaceuticals for the treatment of numerous human diseases. Efforts to optimize the production process also include the genetic construct encoding the therapeutic gene. Here we report about the successful identification of an endogenous highly active gene promoter obtained from CHO cells which shows conditionally inducible gene expression at reduced temperature. Results Based on CHO microarray expression data abundantly transcribed genes were selected as potential promoter candidates. The S100a6 (calcyclin) and its flanking regions were identified from a genomic CHO-K1 lambda-phage library. Computational analyses showed a predicted TSS, a TATA-box and several TFBSs within the 1.5 kb region upstream the ATG start signal. Various constructs were investigated for promoter activity at 37°C and 33°C in transient luciferase reporter gene assays. Most constructs showed expression levels even higher than the SV40 control and on average a more than two-fold increase at lower temperature. We identified the core promoter sequence (222 bp) comprising two SP1 sites and could show a further increase in activity by duplication of this minimal sequence. Conclusions This novel CHO promoter permits conditionally high-level gene expression. Upon a shift to 33°C, a two to three-fold increase of basal productivity (already higher than SV40 promoter) is achieved. This property is of particular advantage for a process with reduced expression during initial cell growth followed by the production phase at low temperature with a boost in expression. Additionally, production of toxic proteins becomes feasible, since cell metabolism and gene expression do not directly interfere. The CHO S100a6 promoter can be characterized as cold-shock responsive with the potential for improving process performance of mammalian expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruthai Thaisuchat
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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428
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Palmberger D, Rendić D, Tauber P, Krammer F, Wilson IB, Grabherr R. Insect cells for antibody production: Evaluation of an efficient alternative. J Biotechnol 2011; 153:160-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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429
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Zhang N, Liu L, Dumitru CD, Cummings NRH, Cukan M, Jiang Y, Li Y, Li F, Mitchell T, Mallem MR, Ou Y, Patel RN, Vo K, Wang H, Burnina I, Choi BK, Huber H, Stadheim TA, Zha D. Glycoengineered Pichia produced anti-HER2 is comparable to trastuzumab in preclinical study. MAbs 2011; 3:289-98. [PMID: 21487242 PMCID: PMC3149709 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.3.3.15532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cell culture systems are used predominantly for the production of therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) products. A number of alternative platforms, such as Pichia engineered with a humanized N-linked glycosylation pathway, have recently been developed for the production of mAbs. The glycosylation profiles of mAbs produced in glycoengineered Pichia are similar to those of mAbs produced in mammalian systems. This report presents for the first time the comprehensive characterization of an anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) mAb produced in a glycoengineered Pichia, and a study comparing the anti-HER2 from Pichia, which had an amino acid sequence identical to trastuzumab, with trastuzumab. The comparative study covered a full spectrum of preclinical evaluation, including bioanalytical characterization, in vitro biological functions, in vivo anti-tumor efficacy and pharmacokinetics in both mice and non-human primates. Cell signaling and proliferation assays showed that anti-HER2 from Pichia had antagonist activities comparable to trastuzumab. However, Pichia-produced material showed a 5-fold increase in binding affinity to FcγIIIA and significantly enhanced antibody dependant cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity, presumably due to the lack of fucose on N-glycans. In a breast cancer xenograft mouse model, anti-HER2 was comparable to trastuzumab in tumor growth inhibition. Furthermore, comparable pharmacokinetic profiles were observed for anti-HER2 and trastuzumab in both mice and cynomolgus monkeys. We conclude that glycoengineered Pichia provides an alternative production platform for therapeutic mAbs and may be of particular interest for production of antibodies for which ADCC is part of the clinical mechanism of action.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibody Affinity/immunology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Area Under Curve
- Binding, Competitive/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Fucose/metabolism
- Genetic Engineering
- Humans
- Macaca fascicularis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pichia/genetics
- Pichia/metabolism
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- Receptors, IgG/immunology
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacokinetics
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Trastuzumab
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyan Zhang
- Department of Biologics Research; Merck Research Laboratories; West Point, PA USA
| | - Liming Liu
- Drug Metabolism; Merck Research Laboratories; West Point, PA USA
| | - Calin Dan Dumitru
- Department of Biologics Research; Merck Research Laboratories; West Point, PA USA
| | | | | | | | - Yuan Li
- Department of Biologics Research; Merck Research Laboratories; West Point, PA USA
| | - Fang Li
- GlycoFi Inc.; Lebanon, NH USA
| | | | | | - Yangsi Ou
- Department of Biologics Research; Merck Research Laboratories; West Point, PA USA
| | | | - Kim Vo
- Department of Biologics Research; Merck Research Laboratories; West Point, PA USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biologics Research; Merck Research Laboratories; West Point, PA USA
| | | | | | - Hans Huber
- Department of Biologics Research; Merck Research Laboratories; West Point, PA USA
| | | | - Dongxing Zha
- Drug Metabolism; Merck Research Laboratories; West Point, PA USA
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430
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Primack J, Flynn GC, Pan H. A high-throughput microchip-based glycan screening assay for antibody cell culture samples. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1129-32. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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431
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Abstract
Sales of monoclonal antibody (mAbs) therapies exceeded $ 40 billion in 2010 and are expected to reach $ 70 billion by 2015. The majority of the approved antibodies are targeting cancer and autoimmune diseases with the top 5 grossing antibodies populating these two areas. In addition over 100 monoclonal antibodies are in Phase II and III of clinical development and numerous others are in various pre-clinical and safety studies. Commercial production of monoclonal antibodies is one of the few biotechnology manufacturing areas that has undergone significant improvements and standardization over the last ten years. Platform technologies have been established based on the structural similarities of these molecules and the regulatory requirements. These improvements include better cell lines, advent of high-performing media free of animal-derived components, and advances in bioreactor and purification processes. In this chapter we will examine the progress made in antibody production as well as discuss the future of manufacturing for these molecules, including the emergence of single use technologies.
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432
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Rossi DL, Rossi EA, Goldenberg DM, Chang CH. A new mammalian host cell with enhanced survival enables completely serum-free development of high-level protein production cell lines. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:766-75. [PMID: 21473000 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
With over 25 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) currently approved and many more in development, there is considerable interest in gaining improved productivity by increasing cell density and enhancing cell survival of production cell lines. In addition, high costs and growing safety concerns with use of animal products have made the availability of serum-free cell lines more appealing. We elected to transfect the myeloma cell line Sp2/0-Ag14 with Bcl2-EEE, the constitutively active phosphomimetic mutant of Bcl2, for extended cell survival. After adaptation of the initial transfectants to serum-independent growth, a clone with superior growth properties, referred to as SpESF, was isolated and further subjected to iterative rounds of stressful growth over a period of 4 months. The effort resulted in the selection of a promising clone, designated SpESFX-10, which was shown to exhibit robust growth and resist apoptosis induced by sodium butyrate or glutamine deprivation. The advantage of SpESFX-10 as a host for generating mAb-production cell lines was demonstrated by its increased transfection efficiency, culture longevity, and mAb productivity, as well as by the feasibility of accomplishing the entire cell line development process, including transfection, subcloning, and cryopreservation, in the complete absence of serum.
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433
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Designing new monoclonal antibody purification processes using mixed-mode chromatography sorbents. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:836-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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434
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Carter PJ. Introduction to current and future protein therapeutics: a protein engineering perspective. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:1261-9. [PMID: 21371474 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics and its enabling sister discipline, protein engineering, have emerged since the early 1980s. The first protein therapeutics were recombinant versions of natural proteins. Proteins purposefully modified to increase their clinical potential soon followed with enhancements derived from protein or glycoengineering, Fc fusion or conjugation to polyethylene glycol. Antibody-based drugs subsequently arose as the largest and fastest growing class of protein therapeutics. The rationale for developing better protein therapeutics with enhanced efficacy, greater safety, reduced immunogenicity or improved delivery comes from the convergence of clinical, scientific, technological and commercial drivers that have identified unmet needs and provided strategies to address them. Future protein drugs seem likely to be more extensively engineered to improve their performance, e.g., antibodies and Fc fusion proteins with enhanced effector functions or extended half-life. Two old concepts for improving antibodies, namely antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies, have advanced to the cusp of clinical success. As for newer protein therapeutic platform technologies, several engineered protein scaffolds are in early clinical development and offer differences and some potential advantages over antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Carter
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, USA.
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435
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Oishi I, Kim S, Yoshii K, Esteban CR, Izpisua Belmonte JC. Cre-LoxP-regulated expression of monoclonal antibodies driven by an ovalbumin promoter in primary oviduct cells. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:5. [PMID: 21235743 PMCID: PMC3033811 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A promoter capable of driving high-level transgene expression in oviduct cells is important for developing transgenic chickens capable of producing therapeutic proteins, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), in the whites of laid eggs. Ovalbumin promoters can be used as oviduct-specific regulatory sequences in transgenic chickens, but their promoter activities are not high, according to previous reports. Results In this study, while using a previously characterized ovalbumin promoter, we attempted to improve the expression level of mAbs using a Cre/loxP-mediated conditional excision system. We constructed a therapeutic mAb expression vector, pBS-DS-hIgG, driven by the CMV and CAG promoters, in which the expression of the heavy and light chains of humanized immunoglobulin G (hIgG) is preceded by two floxed stuffer reporter genes. In the presence of Cre, the stuffer genes were precisely excised and hIgG expression was induced in pBS-DS-hIgG-transfected 293T cells. In chicken oviduct primary culture cells, hIgG was expressed after transfection of pBS-DS-hIgG together with the ovalbumin promoter-driven Cre expression vector. The expression level of hIgG in these cells was increased 40-fold over that induced directly by the ovalbumin promoter. On the other hand, hIgG was not induced by the ovalbumin promoter-driven Cre in chicken embryonic fibroblast cells. Conclusions The Cre/loxP-based system could significantly increase ovalbumin promoter-driven production of proteins of interest, specifically in oviduct cells. This expression system could be useful for producing therapeutic mAbs at high level using transgenic chickens as bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Oishi
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-8-31, Midorioka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
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436
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Lowe D, Dudgeon K, Rouet R, Schofield P, Jermutus L, Christ D. Aggregation, stability, and formulation of human antibody therapeutics. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2011; 84:41-61. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386483-3.00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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437
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Kuczewski M, Schirmer E, Lain B, Zarbis-Papastoitsis G. A single-use purification process for the production of a monoclonal antibody produced in a PER.C6 human cell line. Biotechnol J 2010; 6:56-65. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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438
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Chong WPK, Yusufi FNK, Lee DY, Reddy SG, Wong NSC, Heng CK, Yap MGS, Ho YS. Metabolomics-based identification of apoptosis-inducing metabolites in recombinant fed-batch CHO culture media. J Biotechnol 2010; 151:218-24. [PMID: 21167884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based metabolomics platform was previously established to identify and profile extracellular metabolites in culture media of mammalian cells. This presented an opportunity to isolate novel apoptosis-inducing metabolites accumulating in the media of antibody-producing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO mAb) fed-batch bioreactor cultures. Media from triplicate cultures were collected daily for the metabolomics analysis. Concurrently, cell pellets were obtained for determination of intracellular caspase activity. Metabolite profiles from the LC-MS data were subsequently examined for their degree of correlation with the caspase activity. A panel of extracellular metabolites, the majority of which were nucleotides/nucleosides and amino acid derivatives, exhibited good (R² > 0.8) and reproducible correlation. Some of these metabolites, such as oxidized glutathione, AMP and GMP, were later shown to induce apoptosis when introduced to fresh CHO mAb cultures. Finally, metabolic engineering targets were proposed to potentially counter the harmful effects of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P K Chong
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Singapore 138668, Singapore. william
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439
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Bolton GR, Basha J, LaCasse DP. Achieving high mass-throughput of therapeutic proteins through parvovirus retentive filters. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:1671-7. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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440
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Li F, Vijayasankaran N, Shen AY, Kiss R, Amanullah A. Cell culture processes for monoclonal antibody production. MAbs 2010; 2:466-79. [PMID: 20622510 PMCID: PMC2958569 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.2.5.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal cell culture technology has advanced significantly over the last few decades and is now generally considered a reliable, robust and relatively mature technology. A range of biotherapeutics are currently synthesized using cell culture methods in large scale manufacturing facilities that produce products for both commercial use and clinical studies. The robust implementation of this technology requires optimization of a number of variables, including 1) cell lines capable of synthesizing the required molecules at high productivities that ensure low operating cost; 2) culture media and bioreactor culture conditions that achieve both the requisite productivity and meet product quality specifications; 3) appropriate on-line and off-line sensors capable of providing information that enhances process knowledge; and 4) good understanding of culture performance at different scales to ensure smooth scale-up. Successful implementation also requires appropriate strategies for process development, scale-up and process characterization and validation that enable robust operation that is compliant with current regulations. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the art technology in key aspects of cell culture, e.g., engineering of highly productive cell lines and optimization of cell culture process conditions. We also summarize the current thinking on appropriate process development strategies and process advances that might affect process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Oceanside Pharma Technical Development, Pharma Technical Development US Biologics, Genentech, Oceanside, CA, USA
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441
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Mozziconacci O, Kerwin BA, Schöneich C. Exposure of a Monoclonal Antibody, IgG1, to UV-Light Leads to Protein Dithiohemiacetal and Thioether Cross-Links: A Role for Thiyl Radicals? Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:1310-2. [DOI: 10.1021/tx100193b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mozziconacci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2095 Constant Avenue, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, and Department of Analytical and Formulation Science, Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, Washington 98119
| | - Bruce A. Kerwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2095 Constant Avenue, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, and Department of Analytical and Formulation Science, Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, Washington 98119
| | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2095 Constant Avenue, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, and Department of Analytical and Formulation Science, Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, Washington 98119
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442
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Urmann M, Graalfs H, Joehnck M, Jacob LR, Frech C. Cation-exchange chromatography of monoclonal antibodies: characterisation of a novel stationary phase designed for production-scale purification. MAbs 2010; 2:395-404. [PMID: 20559022 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel cation-exchange resin, Eshmuno™ S, was compared to Fractogel® SO3(-) (M) and Toyopearl GigaCap S-650M. The stationary phases have different base matrices, and carry specific types of polymeric surface modifications. Three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were used as model proteins to characterize these chromatographic resins. Results from gradient elutions, stirred batch adsorptions and confocal laser scanning microscopic investigations were used to elucidate binding behaviour of mAbs onto Eshmuno™ S and Fractogel® SO3(-) and the corresponding transport mechanisms on these two resins. The number of charges involved in mAb binding for Eshmuno™ S is lower than for Fractogel® SO3(-), indicating a slightly weaker electrostatic interaction. Kinetics from batch uptake experiments are compared to kinetic data obtained from confocal laser scanning microscopy images. Both experimental approaches show an accelerated protein adsorption for the novel stationary phase. The influence of pH, salt concentrations and residence times on dynamic binding capacities was determined. A higher dynamic binding capacity for Eshmuno™ S over a wider range of pH values and residence times was found compared to Fractogel® SO3(-) and Toyopearl GigaCap S-650M. The capture of antibodies from cell culture supernatant, as well as post-protein A eluates, were analyzed with respect to their host cell protein (hcp) removal capabilities. Comparable or even better hcp clearance was observed at much higher protein loading for Eshmuno™ S than Fractogel® SO3(-) or Toyopearl GigaCap S-650M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Urmann
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Applied Sciences Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heiner Graalfs
- Performance & Life Science Chemicals, Merck KGaA, Germany
| | | | - Lothar R Jacob
- Performance & Life Science Chemicals, Merck KGaA, Germany
| | - Christian Frech
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Applied Sciences Mannheim, Germany
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443
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Strategies and challenges for the next generation of therapeutic antibodies. Nat Rev Immunol 2010; 10:345-52. [PMID: 20414207 DOI: 10.1038/nri2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 612] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies and related products are the fastest growing class of therapeutic agents. By analysing the regulatory approvals of IgG-based biotherapeutic agents in the past 10 years, we can gain insights into the successful strategies used by pharmaceutical companies so far to bring innovative drugs to the market. Many challenges will have to be faced in the next decade to bring more efficient and affordable antibody-based drugs to the clinic. Here, we discuss strategies to select the best therapeutic antigen targets, to optimize the structure of IgG antibodies and to design related or new structures with additional functions.
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444
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Abstract
The development of therapeutic antibodies has evolved over the past decade into a mainstay of therapeutic options for patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Substantial advances in understanding the biology of human diseases have been made and tremendous benefit to patients has been gained with the first generation of therapeutic antibodies. The lessons learnt from these antibodies have provided the foundation for the discovery and development of future therapeutic antibodies. Here we review how key insights obtained from the development of therapeutic antibodies complemented by newer antibody engineering technologies are delivering a second generation of therapeutic antibodies with promise for greater clinical efficacy and safety.
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445
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Shukla AA, Thömmes J. Recent advances in large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies and related proteins. Trends Biotechnol 2010; 28:253-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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446
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Guo D, Gao A, Michels DA, Feeney L, Eng M, Chan B, Laird MW, Zhang B, Yu XC, Joly J, Snedecor B, Shen A. Mechanisms of unintended amino acid sequence changes in recombinant monoclonal antibodies expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 107:163-71. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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447
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Urmann M, Graalfs H, Joehnck M, Jacob LR, Frech C. Cation-exchange chromatography of monoclonal antibodies: characterisation of a novel stationary phase designed for production-scale purification. MAbs 2010. [PMID: 20559022 PMCID: PMC3180086 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.2.4.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel cation-exchange resin, Eshmuno™ S, was compared to Fractogel® SO3(-) (M) and Toyopearl GigaCap S-650M. The stationary phases have different base matrices, and carry specific types of polymeric surface modifications. Three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were used as model proteins to characterize these chromatographic resins. Results from gradient elutions, stirred batch adsorptions and confocal laser scanning microscopic investigations were used to elucidate binding behaviour of mAbs onto Eshmuno™ S and Fractogel® SO3(-) and the corresponding transport mechanisms on these two resins. The number of charges involved in mAb binding for Eshmuno™ S is lower than for Fractogel® SO3(-), indicating a slightly weaker electrostatic interaction. Kinetics from batch uptake experiments are compared to kinetic data obtained from confocal laser scanning microscopy images. Both experimental approaches show an accelerated protein adsorption for the novel stationary phase. The influence of pH, salt concentrations and residence times on dynamic binding capacities was determined. A higher dynamic binding capacity for Eshmuno™ S over a wider range of pH values and residence times was found compared to Fractogel® SO3(-) and Toyopearl GigaCap S-650M. The capture of antibodies from cell culture supernatant, as well as post-protein A eluates, were analyzed with respect to their host cell protein (hcp) removal capabilities. Comparable or even better hcp clearance was observed at much higher protein loading for Eshmuno™ S than Fractogel® SO3(-) or Toyopearl GigaCap S-650M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Urmann
- Institute for Biochemistry; University of Applied Sciences Mannheim; Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heiner Graalfs
- Performance & Life Science Chemicals; Merck KGaA; Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Matthias Joehnck
- Performance & Life Science Chemicals; Merck KGaA; Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lothar R Jacob
- Performance & Life Science Chemicals; Merck KGaA; Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Frech
- Institute for Biochemistry; University of Applied Sciences Mannheim; Mannheim, Germany
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