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A P4 Medicine Perspective of Gut Microbiota and Prediabetes: Systems Analysis and Personalized Intervention. J Transl Int Med 2020; 8:119-130. [PMID: 33062587 PMCID: PMC7534502 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2020-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) accounts for approximately 90% of diabetes worldwide and has become a global public health problem. Generally, individuals go to hospitals and get healthcare only when they have obvious T2D symptoms. While the underlying cause and mechanism of the disease are usually not well understood, treatment is for the symptoms, but not for the disease cause, and patients often continue to progress with more symptoms. Prediabetes is the early stage of diabetes and provides a good time window for intervention and prevention. However, with few symptoms, prediabetes is usually ignored without any treatment. Obviously, it is far from ideal to rely on the traditional medical system for diabetes healthcare. As a result, the medical system must be transformed from a reactive approach to a proactive approach. Root cause analysis and personalized intervention should be conducted for patients with prediabetes. Based on systems medicine, also known as P4 medicine, with a predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory approach, new medical system is expected to significantly promote the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as prediabetes and diabetes. Many studies have shown that the occurrence and development of diabetes is closely related to gut microbiota. However, the relationship between diabetes and gut microbiota has not been fully elucidated. This review describes the research on the relationship between gut microbiota and diabetes and some exploratory trials on the interventions of prediabetes based on P4 medicine model. Furthermore, we also discussed how these findings might influence the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diabetes in the future, thereby to improve the wellness of human beings.
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Coenzyme Q 10 Supplementation Improves Adipokine Levels and Alleviates Inflammation and Lipid Peroxidation in Conditions of Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093247. [PMID: 32375340 PMCID: PMC7247332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggests that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) can regulate adipokine levels to impact inflammation and oxidative stress in conditions of metabolic syndrome. Here, prominent electronic databases such as MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched for eligible RCTs reporting on any correlation between adipokine levels and modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress in individuals with metabolic syndrome taking CoQ10. The risk of bias was assessed using the modified Black and Downs checklist, while the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. Results from the current meta-analysis, involving 318 participants, showed that CoQ10 supplementation in individuals with metabolic syndrome increased adiponectin levels when compared to those on placebo (SMD: 1.44 [95% CI: -0.13, 3.00]; I2 = 96%, p < 0.00001). Moreover, CoQ10 supplementation significantly lowered inflammation markers in individuals with metabolic syndrome in comparison to those on placebo (SMD: -0.31 [95% CI: -0.54, -0.08]; I2 = 51%, p = 0.07). Such benefits with CoQ10 supplementation were related to its ameliorative effects on lipid peroxidation by reducing malondialdehyde levels, concomitant to improving glucose control and liver function. The overall findings suggest that optimal regulation of adipokine function is crucial for the beneficial effects of CoQ10 in improving metabolic health.
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Dludla PV, Nyambuya TM, Orlando P, Silvestri S, Mxinwa V, Mokgalaboni K, Nkambule BB, Louw J, Muller CJF, Tiano L. The impact of coenzyme Q 10 on metabolic and cardiovascular disease profiles in diabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2020; 3:e00118. [PMID: 32318636 PMCID: PMC7170462 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is well known for its beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, reported evidence has not been precisely synthesized to better inform on its impact in protecting against cardiovascular-related complications in diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY The current meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials published in the past 5 years reporting on the effect of CoQ10 on metabolic and CVD-related risk profiles in individuals with diabetes or metabolic syndrome. We searched electronic databases such as MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus and EMBASE for eligible studies. In addition to assessing the risk of bias and quality of evidence, the random and fixed-effect models were used to calculate the standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals for metabolic parameters and CVD outcomes. RESULTS Overall, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria, enrolling a total of 650 patients. Although CoQ10 supplementation did not statistically affect all metabolic profiles measured, it significantly reduced CVD-risk-related indexes such as total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in diabetic patients when compared to those on placebo [SMD = 0.13, 95% CI (0.03; 0.23), Chi2 = 43.62 and I 2 = 29%, P = .07]. CONCLUSIONS The overall results demonstrated that supplementation with CoQ10 shows an enhanced potential to lower CVD risk in diabetic patients by reducing total cholesterol and LDL. Moreover, the beneficial effects of CoQ10 in lowering the CVD risk are associated with its ameliorative properties against oxidative stress and improving endothelial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation PlatformSouth African Medical Research CouncilTygerbergSouth Africa
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Tawanda M. Nyambuya
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
- Department of Health SciencesFaculty of Health and Applied SciencesNamibia University of Science and TechnologyWindhoekNamibia
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Vuyolwethu Mxinwa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Kabelo Mokgalaboni
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Bongani B. Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation PlatformSouth African Medical Research CouncilTygerbergSouth Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of ZululandKwaDlangezwaSouth Africa
| | - Christo J. F. Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation PlatformSouth African Medical Research CouncilTygerbergSouth Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of ZululandKwaDlangezwaSouth Africa
- Division of Medical PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityTygerbergSouth Africa
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheAnconaItaly
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Díaz-Casado ME, Quiles JL, Barriocanal-Casado E, González-García P, Battino M, López LC, Varela-López A. The Paradox of Coenzyme Q 10 in Aging. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092221. [PMID: 31540029 PMCID: PMC6770889 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential endogenously synthesized molecule that links different metabolic pathways to mitochondrial energy production thanks to its location in the mitochondrial inner membrane and its redox capacity, which also provide it with the capability to work as an antioxidant. Although defects in CoQ biosynthesis in human and mouse models cause CoQ deficiency syndrome, some animals models with particular defects in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway have shown an increase in life span, a fact that has been attributed to the concept of mitohormesis. Paradoxically, CoQ levels decline in some tissues in human and rodents during aging and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation has shown benefits as an anti-aging agent, especially under certain conditions associated with increased oxidative stress. Also, CoQ10 has shown therapeutic benefits in aging-related disorders, particularly in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Thus, we discuss the paradox of health benefits due to a defect in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway or exogenous supplementation of CoQ10.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elena Díaz-Casado
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - José L Quiles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Pilar González-García
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sicences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Luis C López
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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Hernández-Camacho JD, Bernier M, López-Lluch G, Navas P. Coenzyme Q 10 Supplementation in Aging and Disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:44. [PMID: 29459830 PMCID: PMC5807419 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and an antioxidant in plasma membranes and lipoproteins. It is endogenously produced in all cells by a highly regulated pathway that involves a mitochondrial multiprotein complex. Defects in either the structural and/or regulatory components of CoQ complex or in non-CoQ biosynthetic mitochondrial proteins can result in a decrease in CoQ concentration and/or an increase in oxidative stress. Besides CoQ10 deficiency syndrome and aging, there are chronic diseases in which lower levels of CoQ10 are detected in tissues and organs providing the hypothesis that CoQ10 supplementation could alleviate aging symptoms and/or retard the onset of these diseases. Here, we review the current knowledge of CoQ10 biosynthesis and primary CoQ10 deficiency syndrome, and have collected published results from clinical trials based on CoQ10 supplementation. There is evidence that supplementation positively affects mitochondrial deficiency syndrome and the symptoms of aging based mainly on improvements in bioenergetics. Cardiovascular disease and inflammation are alleviated by the antioxidant effect of CoQ10. There is a need for further studies and clinical trials involving a greater number of participants undergoing longer treatments in order to assess the benefits of CoQ10 treatment in metabolic syndrome and diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, kidney diseases, and human fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
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Huang H, Chi H, Liao D, Zou Y. Effects of coenzyme Q 10 on cardiovascular and metabolic biomarkers in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pooled analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018; 11:875-886. [PMID: 30568475 PMCID: PMC6276825 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s184301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation in overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are not fully established. In this article, we aimed to perform a pooled analysis to investigate the effects of CoQ10 intervention on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials that evaluated the changes in CVD risk factors among overweight and obese patients with T2DM following CoQ10 supplementation. Two investigators independently assessed articles for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Major endpoints were synthesized as weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% CIs. Subgroup analyses were performed to check the consistency of effect sizes across groups. Publication bias and sensitivity analysis were also performed. RESULTS Fourteen eligible trials with 693 overweight/obese diabetic subjects were included for pooling. CoQ10 interventions significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG; -0.59 mmol/L; 95% CI, -1.05 to -0.12; P=0.01), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; -0.28%; 95% CI-0.53 to -0.03; P=0.03), and triglyceride (TG) levels (0.17 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.32 to -0.03; P=0.02). Subgroup analysis also showed that low-dose consumption of CoQ10 (<200 mg/d) effectively reduces the values of FBG, HbA1c, fasting blood insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and TG. CoQ10 treatment was well tolerated, and no drug-related adverse reactions were reported. CONCLUSION Our findings provide substantial evidence that daily CoQ10 supplementation has beneficial effects on glucose control and lipid management in overweight and obese patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohai Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Honggang Chi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China,
| | - Dan Liao
- Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China,
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China,
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China,
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Zhang SY, Yang KL, Zeng LT, Wu XH, Huang HY. Effectiveness of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:6484839. [PMID: 30305810 PMCID: PMC6165589 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6484839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of coenzyme Q10 for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Data from randomized controlled trials were obtained to assess the effects of coenzyme Q10 versus placebo or western medicine on patients with T2DM. The study's registration number is CRD42018088474. The primary outcomes included glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin. RESULT Thirteen trials involving 765 patients were included. Compared with the control group, coenzyme Q10 may decrease the HbA1c (WMD -0.29; 95% CI -0.54, -0.03; P = 0.03) and the fasting blood glucose (WMD -11.21; 95% CI -18.99, -3.43; P = 0.005). For fasting insulin, there is also not strong evidence that confirms which one is better because there was no statistical difference (WMD -0.48; 95% CI -2.54, 1.57; P = 0.65). CONCLUSION Based on current evidence, coenzyme Q10 may assist glycemic control, decrease TG, and improve HDL-C in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-ying Zhang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Kai-lin Yang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Liu-ting Zeng
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Xiao-he Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hui-yong Huang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
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