1
|
Chiricosta L, Minuti A, Gugliandolo A, Salamone S, Pollastro F, Mazzon E, Artimagnella O. Cannabinerol Prevents Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Dysfunctions in an In Vitro Model of Alzheimer's Disease: A Network-Based Transcriptomic Analysis. Cells 2024; 13:1012. [PMID: 38920643 PMCID: PMC11201759 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are affecting millions of people worldwide, impacting the healthcare system of our society. Among them, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by severe cognitive impairments. Neuropathological hallmarks of AD are β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, as well as endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria dysfunctions, which finally lead to apoptosis and neuronal loss. Since, to date, there is no definitive cure, new therapeutic and prevention strategies are of crucial importance. In this scenario, cannabinoids are deeply investigated as promising neuroprotective compounds for AD. In this study, we evaluated the potential neuroprotective role of cannabinerol (CBNR) in an in vitro cellular model of AD via next-generation sequencing. We observed that CBNR pretreatment counteracts the Aβ-induced loss of cell viability of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, a network-based transcriptomic analysis revealed that CBNR restores normal mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum functions in the AD model. Specifically, the most important genes regulated by CBNR are related mainly to oxidative phosphorylation (COX6B1, OXA1L, MT-CO2, MT-CO3), protein folding (HSPA5) and degradation (CUL3, FBXW7, UBE2D1), and glucose (G6PC3) and lipid (HSD17B7, ERG28, SCD) metabolism. Therefore, these results suggest that CBNR could be a new neuroprotective agent helpful in the prevention of AD dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Chiricosta
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Aurelio Minuti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Agnese Gugliandolo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Stefano Salamone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Federica Pollastro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Artimagnella
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ebrahim IM, Ghahremani M, Camicioli R, Smith EE, Ismail Z. Effects of race, baseline cognition, and APOE on the association of affective dysregulation with incident dementia: A longitudinal study of dementia-free older adults. J Affect Disord 2023; 332:9-18. [PMID: 36997127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective symptoms are dementia risk factors. Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) is a neurobehavioral syndrome that refines incorporation of psychiatric symptomatology into dementia prognostication by stipulating symptoms must emerge de novo in later life and persist for ≥6 months. Here, we investigated the longitudinal association of MBI-affective dysregulation with incident dementia. METHODS National Alzheimer Coordinating Centre participants with normal cognition (NC) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were included. MBI-affective dysregulation was operationalized as Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire-measured depression, anxiety, and elation at two consecutive visits. Comparators had no neuropsychiatric symptoms (no NPS) in advance of dementia. Cox proportional hazard models were implemented to assess the risk of dementia, adjusted for age, sex, years of education, race, cognitive diagnosis, and APOE-ε4 status, with interaction terms as appropriate. RESULTS The final sample included 3698 no-NPS (age:72.8; 62.7 % female), and 1286 MBI-affective dysregulation participants (age:75; 54.5 % female). MBI-affective dysregulation had lower dementia-free survival (p < 0.0001) and greater incidence of dementia (HR = 1.76, CI:1.48-2.08, p < 0.001) versus no NPS. Interaction analyses revealed that MBI-affective dysregulation was associated with higher dementia incidence in Black participants than White (HR = 1.70, CI:1.00-2.87, p = 0.046), NC than MCI (HR = 1.73, CI:1.21-2.48, p = 0.0028), and APOE-ε4 noncarriers than carriers (HR = 1.47, CI:1.06-2.02, p = 0.0195). Of MBI-affective dysregulation converters to dementia, 85.5 % developed Alzheimer's disease, which increased to 91.4 % in those with amnestic MCI. LIMITATIONS MBI-affective dysregulation was not stratified by symptom to further examine dementia risk. CONCLUSIONS Emergent and persistent affective dysregulation in dementia-free older adults is associated with substantial risk for dementia and should be considered in clinical assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inaara M Ebrahim
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Maryam Ghahremani
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Richard Camicioli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Eric E Smith
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; School of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vellone D, Ghahremani M, Goodarzi Z, Forkert ND, Smith EE, Ismail Z. Apathy and APOE in mild behavioral impairment, and risk for incident dementia. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2022; 8:e12370. [PMID: 36544988 PMCID: PMC9763783 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) is a high-risk state for incident dementia and comprises five core domains including affective dysregulation, impulse dyscontrol, social inappropriateness, psychotic symptoms, and apathy. Apathy is among the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia but can also develop in persons with normal cognition (NC) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The later-life emergence and persistence of apathy as part of the MBI syndrome may be a driving factor for dementia risk. Therefore, we investigated MBI-apathy-associated progression to dementia, and effect modification by sex, race, cognitive diagnosis, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. Methods Dementia-free National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center participants were stratified by persistent apathy status, based on Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI)-Questionnaire scores at two consecutive visits. Hazard ratios (HRs) for incident dementia for MBI-apathy and NPI-apathy relative to no NPS, and MBI-apathy relative to no apathy, were determined using Cox proportional hazards regressions, adjusted for baseline age, sex, years of education, race, cognitive diagnosis, and APOE genotype. Interactions with relevant model covariates were explored. Results Of the 3932 participants (3247 with NC), 354 had MBI-apathy. Of all analytic groups, MBI-apathy had the greatest dementia incidence (HR = 2.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.15-3.36, P < 0.001). Interaction effects were observed between cognitive diagnosis and APOE genotype with the NPS group. The contribution of apathy to dementia risk was greater in NC (HR = 5.91, 95% CI: 3.91-8.93) than in MCI (HR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.69-2.77, interaction P < 0.001) and in all APOE genotypes, was greatest in APOE ɛ3 (HR = 4.25, 95% CI: 3.1-5.82, interaction P < 0.001). Discussion Individuals with MBI-apathy have a markedly elevated risk for future dementia, especially when symptoms emerge in those with NC. Both cognitive status and APOE genotype are important moderators in the relationship between MBI-apathy and incident dementia. MBI-apathy may represent a group in whom apathy is a preclinical or prodromal manifestation of dementia and identify a precision medicine target for preventative interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Vellone
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Maryam Ghahremani
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,Department of PsychiatryCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Zahra Goodarzi
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and EducationCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,Department of Community Health SciencesCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,Department of MedicineCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,O'Brien Institute for Public HealthCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Nils D. Forkert
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,Department of RadiologyCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,Department of Clinical NeurosciencesCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Eric E. Smith
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,Department of Clinical NeurosciencesCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,Department of PsychiatryCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and EducationCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,Department of Community Health SciencesCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,Department of MedicineCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,O'Brien Institute for Public HealthCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,Department of Clinical NeurosciencesCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,College of Medicine and HealthUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ravona-Springer R, Sharvit-Ginon I, Ganmore I, Greenbaum L, Bendlin BB, Sternberg SA, Livny A, Domachevsky L, Sandler I, Ben Haim S, Golan S, Ben-Ami L, Lesman-Segev O, Manzali S, Heymann A, Beeri MS. The Israel Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (IRAP) Study: Design and Baseline Characteristics. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 78:777-788. [PMID: 33044181 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family history of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with increased dementia-risk. OBJECTIVE The Israel Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (IRAP) is a prospective longitudinal study of asymptomatic middle-aged offspring of AD patients (family history positive; FH+) and controls (whose parents have aged without dementia; FH-) aimed to unravel the contribution of midlife factors to future cognitive decline and dementia. Here we present the study design, methods, and baseline characteristics. METHODS Participants are members of the Maccabi Health Services, 40-65 years of age, with exquisitely detailed laboratory, medical diagnoses and medication data available in the Maccabi electronic medical records since 1998. Data collected through IRAP include genetic, sociodemographic, cognitive, brain imaging, lifestyle, and health-related characteristics at baseline and every three years thereafter. RESULTS Currently IRAP has 483 participants [mean age 54.95 (SD = 6.68) and 64.8% (n = 313) women], 379 (78.5%) FH+, and 104 (21.5%) FH-. Compared to FH-, FH+ participants were younger (p = 0.011), more often males (p = 0.003) and with a higher prevalence of the APOE E4 allele carriers (32.9% FH+, 22% FH-; p = 0.040). Adjusting for age, sex, and education, FH+ performed worse than FH-in global cognition (p = 0.027) and episodic memory (p = 0.022). CONCLUSION Lower cognitive scores and higher rates of the APOE E4 allele carriers among the FH+ group suggest that FH ascertainment is good. The combination of long-term historical health-related data available through Maccabi with the multifactorial information collected through IRAP will potentially enable development of dementia-prevention strategies already in midlife, a critical period in terms of risk factor exposure and initiation of AD-neuropathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramit Ravona-Springer
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Memory Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbal Sharvit-Ginon
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ithamar Ganmore
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Memory Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Abigail Livny
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Diagnostic imaging, Seba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Liran Domachevsky
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Diagnostic imaging, Seba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Israel Sandler
- Department of Diagnostic imaging, Seba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Simona Ben Haim
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London and UCL Hospitals, NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sapir Golan
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Liat Ben-Ami
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Diagnostic imaging, Seba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Orit Lesman-Segev
- Department of Diagnostic imaging, Seba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sigalit Manzali
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Anthony Heymann
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kaur D, Bucholc M, Finn DP, Todd S, Wong-Lin K, McClean PL. Multi-time-point data preparation robustly reveals MCI and dementia risk factors. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2020; 12:e12116. [PMID: 33088897 PMCID: PMC7560502 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Conflicting results on dementia risk factors have been reported across studies. We hypothesize that variation in data preparation methods may partially contribute to this issue. Methods We propose a comprehensive data preparation approach comparing individuals with stable diagnosis over time to those who progress to mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia. This was compared to the often-used "baseline" analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate both methods. Results The results obtained from sensitivity analyses were consistent with those from our multi-time-point data preparation approach, exhibiting its robustness. Compared to analysis using only baseline data, the number of significant risk factors identified in progression analyses was substantially lower. Additionally, we found that moderate depression increased healthy-to-MCI/dementia risk, while hypertension reduced MCI-to-dementia risk. Discussion Overall, multi-time-point-based data preparation approaches may pave the way for a better understanding of dementia risk factors, and address some of the reproducibility issues in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daman Kaur
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Clinical Translational Research and Innovation Centre (C-TRIC) Altnagelvin Hospital Site Ulster University Derry/Londonderry Northern Ireland UK
| | - Magda Bucholc
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre School of Computing Engineering and Intelligent Systems Ulster University Derry/Londonderry Northern Ireland UK
| | - David P Finn
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of Medicine Galway Neuroscience Centre National University of Ireland Galway University Road Galway Republic of Ireland
| | - Stephen Todd
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital Western Health and Social Care Trust Derry/Londonderry Northern Ireland UK
| | - KongFatt Wong-Lin
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre School of Computing Engineering and Intelligent Systems Ulster University Derry/Londonderry Northern Ireland UK
| | - Paula L McClean
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Clinical Translational Research and Innovation Centre (C-TRIC) Altnagelvin Hospital Site Ulster University Derry/Londonderry Northern Ireland UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Synergistic interaction between APOE and family history of Alzheimer's disease on cerebral amyloid deposition and glucose metabolism. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2018; 10:84. [PMID: 30134963 PMCID: PMC6106945 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Recently, the field of gene-gene or gene-environment interaction research appears to have gained growing interest, although it is seldom investigated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Hence, the current study aims to investigate interaction effects of the key genetic and environmental risks—the apolipoprotein ε4 allele (APOE4) and family history of late-onset AD (FH)—on AD-related brain changes in cognitively normal (CN) middle-aged and older adults. Methods [11C] Pittsburg compound-B (PiB) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging as well as [18F] fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) PET that were simultaneously taken with T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were obtained from 268 CNs from the Korean Brain Aging Study for Early Diagnosis and Prediction of AD (KBASE). Composite standardized uptake value ratios were obtained from PiB-PET and FDG-PET images in the AD signature regions of interests (ROIs) and analyzed. Voxel-wise analyses were also performed to examine detailed regional changes not captured by the ROI analyses. Results A significant synergistic interaction effect was found between the APOE4 and FH on amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition in the AD signature ROIs as well as other regions. Synergistic interaction effects on cerebral glucose metabolism were observed in the regions not captured by the AD signature ROIs, particularly in the medial temporal regions. Conclusions Strong synergistic effects of APOE4 and FH on Aβ deposition and cerebral glucose metabolism in CN adults indicate possible gene-to-gene or gene-to-environment interactions that are crucial for pathogenesis of AD involving Aβ. Other unspecified risk factors—genes and/or environmental—that are captured by the positive FH status might either coexpress or interact with APOE4 to alter AD-related brain changes in CN. Healthy people with both FH and APOE4 need more attention for AD prevention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-018-0411-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
7
|
Joffre C, Nadjar A, Lebbadi M, Calon F, Laye S. n-3 LCPUFA improves cognition: the young, the old and the sick. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:1-20. [PMID: 24908517 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to the implication of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, neurite outgrowth and to its high incorporation into the brain, this n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) is considered as crucial in the development and maintenance of the learning memory performance throughout life. In the present chapter we aimed at reviewing data investigating the relation between DHA and cognition during the perinatal period, young adult- and adulthood and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD). In Humans, dietary DHA supplementation from the perinatal period to adulthood does not reveal a clear and consistent memory improvement whereas it is the case in animal studies. The positive effects observed in animal models may have been enhanced by using n-3 PUFA deficient animal models as controls. In animal models of AD, a general consensus on the beneficial effects of n-3 LCPUFA in attenuating cognitive impairment was established. These studies make DHA a potential suitable micronutrient for the maintenance of cognitive performance at all periods of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Joffre
- Université Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - A Nadjar
- Université Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - M Lebbadi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, T2-05, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2.
| | - F Calon
- Centre de Recherche du CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, T2-05, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2.
| | - S Laye
- Université Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ghavami S, Shojaei S, Yeganeh B, Ande SR, Jangamreddy JR, Mehrpour M, Christoffersson J, Chaabane W, Moghadam AR, Kashani HH, Hashemi M, Owji AA, Łos MJ. Autophagy and apoptosis dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 112:24-49. [PMID: 24211851 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 722] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are basic physiologic processes contributing to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Autophagy encompasses pathways that target long-lived cytosolic proteins and damaged organelles. It involves a sequential set of events including double membrane formation, elongation, vesicle maturation and finally delivery of the targeted materials to the lysosome. Apoptotic cell death is best described through its morphology. It is characterized by cell rounding, membrane blebbing, cytoskeletal collapse, cytoplasmic condensation, and fragmentation, nuclear pyknosis, chromatin condensation/fragmentation, and formation of membrane-enveloped apoptotic bodies, that are rapidly phagocytosed by macrophages or neighboring cells. Neurodegenerative disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent, especially in the Western societies, with larger percentage of members living to an older age. They have to be seen not only as a health problem, but since they are care-intensive, they also carry a significant economic burden. Deregulation of autophagy plays a pivotal role in the etiology and/or progress of many of these diseases. Herein, we briefly review the latest findings that indicate the involvement of autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases. We provide a brief introduction to autophagy and apoptosis pathways focusing on the role of mitochondria and lysosomes. We then briefly highlight pathophysiology of common neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's diseases, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Then, we describe functions of autophagy and apoptosis in brain homeostasis, especially in the context of the aforementioned disorders. Finally, we discuss different ways that autophagy and apoptosis modulation may be employed for therapeutic intervention during the maintenance of neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; St. Boniface Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Shahla Shojaei
- Department of Biochemistry, Recombinant Protein Laboratory, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behzad Yeganeh
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Sudharsana R Ande
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jaganmohan R Jangamreddy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Integrative Regenerative Medicine Center (IGEN), Division of Cell Biology, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Maryam Mehrpour
- INSERM U845, Research Center "Growth & Signaling" Paris Descartes University Medical School, France
| | - Jonas Christoffersson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Integrative Regenerative Medicine Center (IGEN), Division of Cell Biology, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Wiem Chaabane
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Integrative Regenerative Medicine Center (IGEN), Division of Cell Biology, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Hessam H Kashani
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ali A Owji
- Department of Biochemistry, Recombinant Protein Laboratory, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Marek J Łos
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Integrative Regenerative Medicine Center (IGEN), Division of Cell Biology, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chang CCH, Zhao Y, Lee CW, Ganguli M. Smoking, death, and Alzheimer disease: a case of competing risks. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2013; 26:300-6. [PMID: 22185783 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0b013e3182420b6e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
If smoking is a risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD) but a smoker dies of another cause before developing or manifesting AD, smoking-related mortality may mask the relationship between smoking and AD. This phenomenon, referred to as competing risk, complicates efforts to model the effect of smoking on AD. Typical survival regression models assume that censorship from analysis is unrelated to an individual's probability for developing AD (ie, censoring is noninformative). However, if individuals who die before developing AD are younger than those who survive long enough to develop AD, and if they include a higher percentage of smokers than nonsmokers, the incidence of AD will appear to be higher in older individuals and in nonsmokers. Further, age-specific mortality rates are higher in smokers because they die earlier than nonsmokers. Therefore, if we fail to take into account the competing risk of death when we estimate the effect of smoking on AD, we bias the results and are in fact only comparing the incidence of AD in nonsmokers with that in the healthiest smokers. In this study, we demonstrate that the effect of smoking on AD differs in models that are and are not adjusted for competing risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chou H Chang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Leclerc B, Abulrob A. Perspectives in molecular imaging using staging biomarkers and immunotherapies in Alzheimer's disease. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:589308. [PMID: 23476143 PMCID: PMC3576798 DOI: 10.1155/2013/589308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an emerging chronic illness characterized by a progressive pleiotropic pathophysiological mode of actions triggered during the senescence process and affecting the elderly worldwide. The complex molecular mechanisms of AD not only are supported by cholinergic, beta-amyloid, and tau theories but also have a genetic basis that accounts for the difference in symptomatology processes activation among human population which will evolve into divergent neuropathological features underlying cognitive and behaviour alterations. Distinct immune system tolerance could also influence divergent responses among AD patients treated by immunotherapy. The complexity in nature increases when taken together the genetic/immune tolerance with the patient's brain reserve and with neuropathological evolution from early till advance AD clinical stages. The most promising diagnostic strategies in today's world would consist in performing high diagnostic accuracy of combined modality imaging technologies using beta-amyloid 42 peptide-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) positron emission tomography (PET), Pittsburgh compound B-PET, fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, total and phosphorylated tau-CSF, and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging hippocampus biomarkers for criteria evaluation and validation. Early diagnosis is the challenge task that needs to look first at plausible mechanisms of actions behind therapies, and combining them would allow for the development of efficient AD treatment in a near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Leclerc
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Abedelnasser Abulrob
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Building M-54, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Arvanitakis Z, Wilson RS. Overview and findings from the religious orders study. Curr Alzheimer Res 2012; 9:628-45. [PMID: 22471860 PMCID: PMC3409291 DOI: 10.2174/156720512801322573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Religious Orders Study is a longitudinal clinical-pathologic cohort study of aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this manuscript, we summarize the study methods including the study design and describe the clinical evaluation, assessment of risk factors, collection of ante-mortem biological specimens, brain autopsy and collection of selected postmortem data. THE RESULTS (1) review the relation of neuropathologic indices to clinical diagnoses and cognition proximate to death; (2) examine the relation of risk factors to clinical outcomes; (3) examine the relation of risk factors to measures of neuropathology; and (4) summarize additional study findings. We then discuss and contextualize the study findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina, Suite 1028, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hughes TF, Chang CCH, Vander Bilt J, Ganguli M. Engagement in reading and hobbies and risk of incident dementia: the MoVIES project. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2010; 25:432-8. [PMID: 20660517 DOI: 10.1177/1533317510368399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether there is an association between engagement in reading and hobbies and dementia risk in late life. METHODS A total of 942 members of a population-based, prospective cohort study were followed biennially to identify incident dementia cases. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of dementia in relation to baseline total number of activities and time commitment to reading and hobbies. RESULTS A lower risk for dementia was found for a greater number of activities and for a high (about 1 hour each day) compared with low (less than 30 minutes each day) weekly time commitment to hobbies, independent of covariates. Only the protective effect of hobbies remained after methods were used to minimize bias due to potential preclinical dementia. CONCLUSION Engaging in hobbies for 1 or more hours every day might be protective against dementia in late life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany F Hughes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lautenschlager NT, Cox K, Kurz AF. Physical activity and mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2010; 10:352-8. [PMID: 20556547 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-010-0121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity undoubtedly has many health benefits for all age groups. In the past decade, researchers and clinicians have begun to focus their attention on whether physical activity also can improve health outcomes of older adults who experience mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. This ongoing question is gaining relevance in light of the aging of the world population and with it the rise of age-related conditions, such as cognitive impairment. Not surprisingly, physical activity is among the potential protective lifestyle factors mentioned when strategies to delay or prevent dementia are discussed. The first large-scale multidomain intervention trials are under way to put this to the test. This review aims to give an overview of recent trials of physical activity in patients with MCI or dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola T Lautenschlager
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St. Vincent's Health, Department of Psychiatry, St. George's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, 283 Cotham Road, Kew, 3103, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chouliaras L, Sierksma ASR, Kenis G, Prickaerts J, Lemmens MAM, Brasnjevic I, van Donkelaar EL, Martinez-Martinez P, Losen M, De Baets MH, Kholod N, van Leeuwen F, Hof PR, van Os J, Steinbusch HWM, van den Hove DLA, Rutten BPF. Gene-environment interaction research and transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20953364 PMCID: PMC2952897 DOI: 10.4061/2010/859101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of the sporadic form of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains largely unknown. Recent evidence has suggested that gene-environment interactions (GxE) may play a crucial role in its development and progression. Whereas various susceptibility loci have been identified, like the apolipoprotein E4 allele, these cannot fully explain the increasing prevalence of AD observed with aging. In addition to such genetic risk factors, various environmental factors have been proposed to alter the risk of developing AD as well as to affect the rate of cognitive decline in AD patients. Nevertheless, aside from the independent effects of genetic and environmental risk factors, their synergistic participation in increasing the risk of developing AD has been sparsely investigated, even though evidence points towards such a direction. Advances in the genetic manipulation of mice, modeling various aspects of the AD pathology, have provided an excellent tool to dissect the effects of genes, environment, and their interactions. In this paper we present several environmental factors implicated in the etiology of AD that have been tested in transgenic animal models of the disease. The focus lies on the concept of GxE and its importance in a multifactorial disease like AD. Additionally, possible mediating mechanisms and future challenges are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Chouliaras
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hughes TF. Promotion of cognitive health through cognitive activity in the aging population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 6:111-121. [PMID: 20383318 DOI: 10.2217/ahe.09.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There is both popular and scientific interest in keeping the brain young and avoiding cognitive impairment and dementia. Older adults may be able to modify their cognitive health status through certain health behaviors. The aim of this review is to highlight the potential impact that cognitive activity may have on cognitive health outcomes in late life. Evidence from observational studies and randomized, controlled trials suggests that engagement in activities that are cognitively stimulating is beneficial to cognitive functioning. There are many issues and questions that need to be addressed before specific recommendations can be made at the population level or to individual patients. However, older adults should be encouraged to stay active and to try new and challenging activities in general to promote their cognitive and overall health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany F Hughes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, Tel.: +1 412 647 6619, ,
| |
Collapse
|