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Nikopoulos K, Venselaar H, Collin RW, Riveiro-Alvarez R, Boonstra FN, Hooymans JM, Mukhopadhyay A, Shears D, van Bers M, de Wijs IJ, van Essen AJ, Sijmons RH, Tilanus MA, van Nouhuys CE, Ayuso C, Hoefsloot LH, Cremers FP. Overview of the mutation spectrum in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and Norrie disease with identification of 21 novel variants in FZD4, LRP5, and NDP. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:656-66. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.21250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Garcia-Angarita N, Kirschner J, Heiliger M, Thirion C, Walter MC, Schnittfeld-Acarlioglu S, Albrecht M, Müller K, Wieczorek D, Lochmüller H, Krause S. Severe nemaline myopathy associated with consecutive mutations E74D and H75Y on a single ACTA1 allele. Neuromuscul Disord 2009; 19:481-4. [PMID: 19553116 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 04/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nemaline myopathy is among the most common congenital myopathies. We describe for the first time a novel double de novo mutation in two adjacent codons resulting in two amino acid changes E74D and H75Y in the ACTA1 gene. The hypotonic male infant was the first son of healthy unrelated parents with no family history of neuromuscular disorders. Pregnancy was complicated: decreased fetal movements were noted on the 25th week of gestation, premature labour pains were present from the 29th week onwards and because of breech presentation a Caesarian section was carried out in the 39th week. The patient presented with multiple congenital fractures and joint contractures. He was dependent on ventilatory support until his death at 2 months. Muscle biopsy revealed severely atrophic and rounded muscle fibers with considerable variation in diameter and pronounced disorganization of the myofibers. Electron microscopy indicated a distinct disturbance of the myofibrillar architecture and nemaline rods. In view of previously described cases carrying different single missense mutations of the amino acid residues E74 or H75, we suggest that the particular genotype E74D/H75Y is compatible with the severity of the patient's phenotype. The possibility of germ cell mosaicism should be taken into account in genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Garcia-Angarita
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 17, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is the simplest form of DNA variation among individuals. These simple changes can be of transition or transversion type and they occur throughout the genome at a frequency of about one in 1,000 bp. They may be responsible for the diversity among individuals, genome evolution, the most common familial traits such as curly hair, interindividual differences in drug response, and complex and common diseases such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and psychiatric disorders. SNPs may change the encoded amino acids (nonsynonymous) or can be silent (synonymous) or simply occur in the noncoding regions. They may influence promoter activity (gene expression), messenger RNA (mRNA) conformation (stability), and subcellular localization of mRNAs and/or proteins and hence may produce disease. Therefore, identification of numerous variations in genes and analysis of their effects may lead to a better understanding of their impact on gene function and health of an individual. This improved knowledge may provide a starting point for the development of new, useful SNP markers for medical testing and a safer individualized medication to treat the most common devastating disorders. This will revolutionize the medical field in the future. To illustrate the effect of SNPs on gene function and phenotype, this minireview focuses on evidences revealing the impact of SNPs on the development and progression of three human eye disorders (Norrie disease, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, and retinopathy of prematurity) that have overlapping clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barkur S Shastry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
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Haider MZ, Devarajan LV, Al-Essa M, Kumar H. A C597-->A polymorphism in the Norrie disease gene is associated with advanced retinopathy of prematurity in premature Kuwaiti infants. J Biomed Sci 2002; 9:365-70. [PMID: 12145535 DOI: 10.1007/bf02256593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinal vascular disease which occurs in infants with a short gestational age and low birth weight and may lead to retinal detachment and blindness. In some premature infants, ROP progresses to advanced stages despite rigorous intervention, but in the majority, it spontaneously regresses before the threshold stage. Genetic factors, e.g. mutations in the Norrie disease (ND) gene, have been implicated in determining the progression of ROP to advanced stages. We have identified a novel C597A polymorphism of the ND gene; we screened this and another mutation in the ND gene, C110G, in 210 premature Kuwaiti infants using PCR-RFLP, DNA sequence analysis and DNA enzyme immunoassay hybridization to investigate their association with advanced-stage ROP. In this cohort of premature Kuwaiti newborns, 115 of 210 babies had no eye problems and served as controls, while 95 were found to have ROP. In 71 of the 95 ROP cases, the disease spontaneously regressed at or before stage 3, while in 24 of 95 ROP cases, the disease progressed to advanced stages 4 or 5. The incidence of the AA genotype of the C597A polymorphism was considerably higher in advanced-stage ROP cases (83.3%) compared to spontaneously regressing ROP cases (0%) and the normal controls (10.4%) (p < 0.0001). For the other genotypes, no significant difference was detected between the controls and ROP cases. In the case of the C110G mutation in the ND gene, no significant differences were detected between the controls and ROP cases, and the majority of subjects had a CC genotype in all three groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Haider
- Paediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
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Haider MZ, Devarajan LV, Al-Essa M, Srivastva BS, Kumar H, Azad R, Rashwan N. Retinopathy of prematurity: mutations in the Norrie disease gene and the risk of progression to advanced stages. Pediatr Int 2001; 43:120-3. [PMID: 11285060 DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-200x.2001.01361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinal vascular disease that occurs in infants with short gestational age and low birth weight and may lead to retinal detachment and blindness. Missense mutations in the Norrie disease (ND) gene have been associated with the risk of progression to advanced stages in cases of ROP from the US and also in clinically similar ND and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. METHODS We have screened two ND gene mutations, namely A105T and Val60Glu, by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and allele-specific PCR methods, respectively, in 210 Kuwaiti premature newborns to replicate these findings in a different ethnic group. RESULTS In the Kuwaiti premature newborn cohort, 115 of 210 babies had no eye problems and served as controls, while 95 were cases of ROP. In 71 of 95 ROP cases, the disease regressed spontaneously on or before stage 3, while in 24 of 95 ROP cases the disease progressed to advanced stages 4 and 5. In case of missense mutation (A105T), the AA genotype was detected in 96% of controls compared with 87% of ROP cases (NS); similarly no significant difference was found between spontaneously regressed ROP cases and those who progressed to advanced stages. For the Val60Glu mutation, no significant association was detected between the genotype and progression of ROP to advanced stages. CONCLUSIONS Unlike data from the US, our findings from a Kuwaiti cohort of ROP cases and controls suggest a lack of association between the two ND gene mutations (A105T and Val60Glu) and ROP and the risk of progression of the disease to advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Haider
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya.
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Shastry BS, Hejtmancik JF, Trese MT. Identification of novel missense mutations in the Norrie disease gene associated with one X-linked and four sporadic cases of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Hum Mutat 2000; 9:396-401. [PMID: 9143917 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1997)9:5<396::aid-humu3>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
X-linked Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (XLFEVR) is a hereditary eye disorder that affects both the retina and the vitreous body. It is characterized by an abnormal vascularization of the peripheral retina. It has been previously shown by linkage and candidate gene analysis that XLFEVR and Norrie disease are allelic. In this report we describe four novel mutations (R41K, H42R, K58N, and Y120C) in the Norrie disease gene associated with one X-linked and four sporadic cases of FEVR. One mutation (H42R) was found to be segregating with the disease in three generations (X-linked family), and the others are sporadic. These sequence alterations changed the encoded amino acids in the Norrie disease protein and were not found in 17 unaffected family members or in 36 randomly selected normal individuals. This study provides additional evidence that mutations in the same gene can result in FEVR and Norrie disease. It also demonstrates that it may be beneficial for clinical diagnosis to screen for mutations in the Norrie disease gene in sporadic FEVR cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Shastry
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309-4401, USA
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Abstract
Norrie disease is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by congenital blindness and in some cases mental retardation and deafness.(1) The variability of signs among patients often complicates diagnosis. Signs such as an ocular pseudoglioma, progressive deafness, and mental disturbance are considered classic features.(2) Only one third of patients with Norrie disease have sensorineural deafness, and approximately one half of the affected individuals exhibit mental retardation, often with psychotic features.(3) Histologic analysis has suggested that retinal dysgenesis occurs early in eye development and involves cells in the inner wall of the optic cup.(4) The gene associated with Norrie disease was identified in 1992. (5,6) We report a novel mutation identified in a patient in whom Norrie disease was diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ott
- Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Ophthalmology, Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Shastry BS. Identification of a recurrent missense mutation in the Norrie disease gene associated with a simplex case of exudative vitreoretinopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 246:35-8. [PMID: 9618247 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Disorders such as Norrie disease, X-linked familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity and X-linked primary vitreoretinal dysplasia have very similar clinical manifestations. They exhibit retinal fold, retinal detachment, retinal traction and the formation of retrolental fibrovascular membrane. In order to identify carriers for these disorders and provide precise genetic counseling of the relatives, a molecular genetic analysis will be helpful. This report describes the results of Norrie disease analysis in simplex cases of exudative vitreoretinopathy. the identification of a recurrent mutation in the Norrie disease gene in a simplex case of exudative vitreoretinopathy further strengthens the notion that Norrie disease and exudative vitreoretinopathy are allelic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Shastry
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309-4480, USA
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Goldberg MF. Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV): an integrated interpretation of signs and symptoms associated with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV). LIV Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture. Am J Ophthalmol 1997; 124:587-626. [PMID: 9372715 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)70899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M F Goldberg
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-9278, USA. mgoldbrg@gwgate 1.jhmi.jhu.edu
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Walker JL, Dixon J, Fenton CR, Hungerford J, Lynch SA, Stenhouses SA, Christian A, Craig IW. Two new mutations in exon 3 of the NDP gene: S73X and S101F associated with severe and less severe ocular phenotype, respectively. Hum Mutat 1997; 9:53-6. [PMID: 8990009 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1997)9:1<53::aid-humu9>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Walker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, U.K
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Kellner U, Fuchs S, Bornfeld N, Foerster MH, Gal A. Ocular phenotypes associated with two mutations (R121W, C126X) in the Norrie disease gene. Ophthalmic Genet 1996; 17:67-74. [PMID: 8832723 DOI: 10.3109/13816819609057873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the ocular phenotypes associated with 2 mutations in the Norrie disease gene including a manifesting carrier. METHODS Ophthalmological examinations were performed in 2 affected males and one manifesting carrier. Genomic DNA was analyzed by direct sequencing of the Norrie disease gene. RESULTS Family I: A 29-year-old male had the right eye enucleated at the age of 3 years. His left eye showed severe temporal dragging of the retina and central scars. Visual acuity was 20/300. DNA analysis revealed a C-to-T transition of the first nucleotide in codon 121 predicting the replacement of arginine-121 by tryptophan (R121W). Both the mother and maternal grandmother carry the same mutation in heterozygous form. Family 2: A 3-month-old boy presented with severe temporal dragging of the retina on both eyes and subsequently developed retinal detachment. Visual acuity was limited to light perception. His mother's left eye was amaurotic and phthitic. Her right eye showed severe retinal dragging, visual acuity was reduced to 20/60. DNA analysis revealed a T-to-A transversion of the third nucleotide in codon 126 creating a stop codon (C126X). The mother and maternal grandmother were carriers. CONCLUSION Mutations in the Norrie disease gene can lead to retinal malformations of variable severity both in hemizygous males and manifesting carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Kellner
- Augenklinik und Poliklinik, Freie Universität Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Germany.
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Fuchs S, van de Pol D, Beudt U, Kellner U, Meire F, Berger W, Gal A. Three novel and two recurrent mutations of the Norrie disease gene in patients with Norrie syndrome. Hum Mutat 1996; 8:85-8. [PMID: 8807344 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1996)8:1<85::aid-humu15>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Fuchs
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitäts Krankenhaus Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Berger W, van de Pol D, Bächner D, Oerlemans F, Winkens H, Hameister H, Wieringa B, Hendriks W, Ropers HH. An animal model for Norrie disease (ND): gene targeting of the mouse ND gene. Hum Mol Genet 1996; 5:51-9. [PMID: 8789439 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/5.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to elucidate the cellular and molecular processes which are involved in Norrie disease (ND), we have used gene targeting technology to generate ND mutant mice. The murine homologue of the ND gene was cloned and shown to encode a polypeptide that shares 94% of the amino acid sequence with its human counterpart. RNA in situ hybridization revealed expression in retina, brain and the olfactory bulb and epithelium of 2 week old mice. Hemizygous mice carrying a replacement mutation in exon 2 of the ND gene developed retrolental structures in the vitreous body and showed an overall disorganization of the retinal ganglion cell layer. The outer plexiform layer disappears occasionally, resulting in a juxtaposed inner and outer nuclear layer. At the same regions, the outer segments of the photoreceptor cell layer are no longer present. These ocular findings are consistent with observations in ND patients and the generated mouse line provides a faithful model for study of early pathogenic events in this severe X-linked recessive neurological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Berger
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Isashiki Y, Ohba N, Yanagita T, Hokita N, Hotta Y, Hayakawa M, Fujiki K, Tanabe U. Mutations in the Norrie disease gene: a new mutation in a Japanese family. Br J Ophthalmol 1995; 79:703-4. [PMID: 7662640 PMCID: PMC505203 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.79.7.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Isashiki Y, Ohba N, Yanagita T, Hokita N, Doi N, Nakagawa M, Ozawa M, Kuroda N. Novel mutation at the initiation codon in the Norrie disease gene in two Japanese families. Hum Genet 1995; 95:105-8. [PMID: 7814011 DOI: 10.1007/bf00225085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have identified a new mutation of Norrie disease (ND) gene in two Japanese males from unrelated families; they showed typical ocular features of ND but no mental retardation or hearing impairment. A mutation was found in both patients at the initiation codon of exon 2 of the ND gene (ATG to GTG), with otherwise normal nucleotide sequences. Their mothers had the normal and mutant types of the gene, which was expected for heterozygotes of the disease. The mutation of the initiation codon would cause the failure of ND gene expression or a defect in translation thereby truncating the amino terminus of ND protein. In view of the rarity and marked heterogeneity of mutations in the ND gene, the present apparently unrelated Japanese families who have lived in the same area for over two centuries presumably share the origin of the mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Isashiki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
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Rosenfeld PJ, McKusick VA, Amberger JS, Dryja TP. Recent advances in the gene map of inherited eye disorders: primary hereditary diseases of the retina, choroid, and vitreous. J Med Genet 1994; 31:903-15. [PMID: 7891370 PMCID: PMC1016688 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.31.12.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P J Rosenfeld
- Howe Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston 02114
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