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Gyawali BR, Kharel S, Giri S, Ghimire A, Prabhu P. Impact of Otitis Media With Effusion in Early Age on Auditory Processing Abilities in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2024:1455613241241868. [PMID: 38561944 DOI: 10.1177/01455613241241868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Early-onset otitis media with effusion (OME) can affect the development of the auditory nervous system and thus lead to auditory processing abnormalities. This study aims to review the effect of childhood OME on auditory processing abilities in children. Methods: A systematic review of the literature, restricted to the English language from 1990 to 2022 was conducted using search engines like PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. After selecting the articles following predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data were extracted and meta-analysis was performed. Results: A total of 10 articles met the inclusion criteria. Children with a history of OME had poorer performance in most behavioral and electrophysiological tests. Pooled analysis of various tests such as the gap in noise test, frequency pattern test (verbal and nonverbal), and latencies of auditory brainstem response-I, V, I to III, and I to V showed a difference between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Childhood OME can significantly affect auditory processing abilities in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bigyan Raj Gyawali
- Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, State-3, Nepal
| | - Sanjeev Kharel
- Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, State-3, Nepal
| | - Subarna Giri
- Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, State-3, Nepal
| | - Anup Ghimire
- Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, State-3, Nepal
| | - Prashanth Prabhu
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
Acute otitis media (AOM) is an acute infection of the middle ear and, depending on the age of the child, the certainty of diagnosis, and the severity of symptoms, should be either observed closely or treated (with high-dose amoxicillin, if not allergic). Host-related risk factors such as age, sex, cleft palate, or genetic predisposition or environmental risk factors such as seasonality, day care attendance, or tobacco smoke exposure may contribute to recurrent AOM (RAOM) episodes. Tympanostomy tubes are recommended in children with RAOM and an abnormal ear examination at the time of the clinic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Otteson
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Suite 4500, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Saad K, Abdelmoghny A, Abdel-Raheem YF, Gad EF, Elhoufey A. Prevalence and associated risk factors of recurrent otitis media with effusion in children in Upper Egypt. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wjorl.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Saad K, Abdelmoghny A, Abdel-Raheem YF, Gad EF, Elhoufey A. Prevalence and associated risk factors of recurrent otitis media with effusion in children in Upper Egypt. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 7:280-284. [PMID: 34632340 PMCID: PMC8486686 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted this study to determine the associations of possible risk factors and prevalence of recurrent otitis media with effusion (OME) in a cohort of children in Upper Egypt. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study undertaken in two tertiary referral centers in Upper Egypt. Associations of possible risk factors with prevalence of recurrent OME were studied. Multi-factor logistic regression analysis was done to recognize the statistically significant risk factors associated with recurrent OME. RESULTS We collected the data of 2003 pediatric patients, of which 1016 were males (50.7%). A total number of 310 children have OME, including 159 males (51.3%). The prevalence rate of OME in our cohort was 15.5%. Multi-factor logistic regression analysis of the risk factors related to recurrent OME showed it was strongly associated with adenoid hypertrophy (P < 0.0001), tonsil hypertrophy (P < 0.0001), sinusitis (P < 0.0001), posterior nostril polyps (P = 0.009), allergic rhinitis (P < 0.0001), recurrent URTIs (P = 0.029) and gastroesophageal reflux (P = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that recurrent OME in children in Upper Egypt is a common multifactorial problem, especially in young age. In our locality, allergic rhinitis, recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, gastroesophageal reflux, adenoid and tonsil hypertrophy were the most important associated factors related to the etiopathogenesis of OME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Saad
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Corresponding author. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt. Fax: +20882368371.
| | | | | | - Eman Fathalla Gad
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amira Elhoufey
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University, Egypt
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Alddrab University College, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
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Kim SY, Son BS, Park HJ, Oh SH, Lee JH, Suh MH, Park MK. Impact of environmental volatile organic compounds on otitis media in children: Correlation between exposure and urinary metabolites. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 93:157-162. [PMID: 28109489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) induce inflammatory responses. Tobacco smoke contains numerous VOCs and is a risk factor for otitis media effusion (OME); however, no previous studies have investigated the association between VOCs and OME. OBJECTIVES We used urinary metabolites and exposure to environmental risk factors to investigate the association between VOC and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and recurrent OME in children. METHODS Children with recurrent OME who visited the Otorhinolaryngology Department of Seoul National University Hospital between November 2014 and June 2015 were prospectively enrolled in the study. Recurrent OME was defined as more than two OME episodes over a 6-month period lasting longer than 2 months. The control group consisted of children without OME in the last year. Demographic information, including age, sex, and previous medical history was obtained, and endoscopic examinations of the tympanic membrane were performed. Urinary concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-naphthol, hippuric acid, trans, trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA), mandelic acid, phenyl glyoxylic acid, and methyl hippuric acid were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy. Environmental factors assessed included house type, age, renovations, the presence of furniture <6 months old, proximity to a road, and exposure to passive smoking. RESULTS We enrolled 11 children with OME and 39 controls. Age and sex did not differ between groups. Exposure to passive smoking was significantly more common in the OME group than in the controls (P < 0.001). Urinary concentrations of t.t.-MA were significantly higher in the OME group (126.33 μg/g cr) than in controls (52.661 μg/g cr; P = 0.003). Other metabolites including 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-naphthol, hippuric acid, mandelic acid, phenyl glyoxylic acid, and methyl hippuric acid did not demonstrated significant relation with the OME. CONCLUSIONS Levels of t,t-MA, a biomarker of benzene exposure, were significantly higher in the OME group than in controls. Passive smoking was significantly more common in the OME group. Our findings suggest that high t,t-MA levels which were probably originated from passive smoking and other pollutants could be indicative OME in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Bu-Soon Son
- Department of Environment Health Science, Soonchunhyang University, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Park
- Department of Environment Health Science, Soonchunhyang University, South Korea
| | - Seung Ha Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Hwan Suh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moo Kyun Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Relationship between effusion bacteria and concentrations of immunoglobulin in serum and effusion fluid in otitis media with effusion patients. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2008; 72:337-42. [PMID: 18242717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bacterial infection and immunity are important in the development of otitis media with effusion (OME) in children who have not developed Eustachian tube function. We evaluated the relationship between the presence of bacteria in effusion fluid and immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations in effusion fluid and serum. METHODS Middle ear effusion and blood samples were collected from 58 OME patients who had undergone ventilation tube insertion. Bacteria in effusion fluid were detected by standard bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum and middle ear fluid Ig concentrations in OME patients and serum Ig concentrations in 64 control children were evaluated. RESULTS Bacteria were detected in 24/58 (41.4%) effusion fluid samples by PCR and in 12/58 (20.6%) by standard culture. There was no correlation between effusion Ig concentration and the presence of bacteria or between serum and effusion Ig concentrations, but serum Ig concentration was related to the presence of effusion bacteria (p<0.05). Serum IgG, IgA and IgM in patients with OME were lower than in control patients (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the presence of effusion bacteria in OME may be related to systemic immunity, but that the concentration of Ig in effusion fluid may not be affected by the presence of effusion bacteria.
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Yabe R, Higo R, Sugita K, Iwamori M. Gel chromatographic characterization of proteins in mucous and serous middle ear effusions of patients with otitis media in comparison to serum proteins. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2007; 265:293-8. [PMID: 17891410 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-007-0449-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Otitis media with effusion (OME) is an inflammatory disease of the middle ear cavity that is associated with middle ear effusions (MEEs), which are frequently mucous and serous for pediatric and adult patients exhibiting low and high responsiveness to medical treatment, respectively. To assess the pathological outcomes in mucous and serous MEEs, their protein compositions were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting in comparison with those in the same patients' sera. A mucin, which is immunochemically identical with nasal mucin, was a characteristic consituent of mucous MEEs (n = 25), being present at the concentration of 59.4 mg/ml and comprising about 60% of the total proteins, but it was not detected in serous MEEs (n = 30) or sera. Serum proteins with molecular weights of less than 260 kDa were detected in serous and mucous MEEs, in which albumin was the major protein. Albumin, IgM and alpha1-acid glycoprotein, and lysozyme, IgA and IgG in MEEs were present at lower and higher concentrations than in sera, respectively. The ratios of IgA, IgG, IgM and alpha1-acid glycoprotein to albumin in mucous MEEs were 4-, 3-, 1.4- and 1.0-times higher than those in the respective pediatric sera, and those in serous MEEs were 1.7-, 1.7-, 0.6- and 0.3-times higher than those in adult sera. Also, the concentrations of lysozyme in mucous and serous MEEs were 19 and 3 microg/ml, but those in pediatric and adult sera were negligible. These results indicate that the contents of these proteins, in comparison to albumin, might be useful criteria for assessing the inflammation level in MEEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Yabe
- Yabe ENT Clinic, 1-6-13 Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan
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He Z, O'Reilly RC, Bolling L, Soundar S, Shah M, Cook S, Schmidt RJ, Bloedon E, Mehta DI. Detection of gastric pepsin in middle ear fluid of children with otitis media. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007; 137:59-64. [PMID: 17599566 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to confirm the finding of pepsin/pepsinogen in the middle ear fluid of children with otitis media in a larger sample size using a sensitive and specific pepsin assay. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We evaluated 152 children (225 ear samples) in a prospective study at a tertiary care children's hospital. The presence of pepsin in middle ear aspirates was determined using enzymatic assay. RESULTS Of the patients, 14.4 percent (22 of 152) had detectable pepsin activity in one or both of the ear samples with no pepsin activity detected in control serum. Average pepsin concentration in the samples was 96.6 +/- 170.8 ng/ml, ranging from 13 to 687 ng/ml. Pepsin concentration in the middle ear of children younger than 1.0 year was significantly higher than in older age groups. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE Results indicate that pepsin/pepsinogen is present in the middle ears of children with otitis media, although not at the high rate previously reported. Gastric reflux may be one causative factor in the pathogenesis of otitis media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping He
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19899, USA.
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Les présentations cliniques. OSTÉOPATHIE PÉDIATRIQUE 2007. [PMCID: PMC7271215 DOI: 10.1016/b978-2-84299-917-9.50007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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