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Wang S, Kang Y, Wang R, Deng J, Yu Y, Yu J, Wang J. Emerging Roles of NDUFS8 Located in Mitochondrial Complex I in Different Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248754. [PMID: 36557887 PMCID: PMC9783039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S8 (NDUFS8) is an essential core subunit and component of the iron-sulfur (FeS) fragment of mitochondrial complex I directly involved in the electron transfer process and energy metabolism. Pathogenic variants of the NDUFS8 are relevant to infantile-onset and severe diseases, including Leigh syndrome, cancer, and diabetes mellitus. With over 1000 nuclear genes potentially causing a mitochondrial disorder, the current diagnostic approach requires targeted molecular analysis, guided by a combination of clinical and biochemical features. Currently, there are only several studies on pathogenic variants of the NDUFS8 in Leigh syndrome, and a lack of literature on its precise mechanism in cancer and diabetes mellitus exists. Therefore, NDUFS8-related diseases should be extensively explored and precisely diagnosed at the molecular level with the application of next-generation sequencing technologies. A more distinct comprehension will be needed to shed light on NDUFS8 and its related diseases for further research. In this review, a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge about NDUFS8 structural function, its pathogenic mutations in Leigh syndrome, as well as its underlying roles in cancer and diabetes mellitus is provided, offering potential pathogenesis, progress, and therapeutic target of different diseases. We also put forward some problems and solutions for the following investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (S.W.); (Y.K.); (R.W.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuanbo Kang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (S.W.); (Y.K.); (R.W.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (S.W.); (Y.K.); (R.W.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Junqi Deng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (S.W.); (Y.K.); (R.W.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yupei Yu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (S.W.); (Y.K.); (R.W.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Neurology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (J.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-731-84805411 (J.W.)
| | - Junpu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (S.W.); (Y.K.); (R.W.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (J.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-731-84805411 (J.W.)
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2
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Lippert J, Fassnacht M, Ronchi CL. The role of molecular profiling in adrenocortical carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022; 97:460-472. [PMID: 34750847 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive cancer with still partially unknown pathogenesis, heterogenous clinical behaviour and no effective treatment for advanced stages. Therefore, there is an urgent clinical unmet need for better prognostication strategies, innovative therapies and significant improvement of the management of the individual patients. In this review, we summarize available studies on molecular prognostic markers and markers predictive of response to standard therapies as well as newly proposed drug targets in sporadic ACC. We include in vitro studies and available clinical trials, focusing on alterations at the DNA, RNA and epigenetic levels. We also discuss the potential of biomarkers to be implemented in a clinical routine workflow for improved ACC patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Lippert
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cristina L Ronchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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3
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Ehsanullah S, Trikalinos NA. Synchronous AML and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm, both successfully treated with somatostatin analogs and decitabine. ENDOCRINE ONCOLOGY (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022; 2:K1-K4. [PMID: 37435465 PMCID: PMC10259290 DOI: 10.1530/eo-22-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Summary Downregulation of tumor suppression genes by DNA hypermethylation has been proposed as a potential cause of neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) formation. In this report, we present a patient simultaneously diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and a metastatic nonfunctioning pancreatic NEN. Because of the two competing diagnoses, he was treated with lanreotide, venetoclax and a long course of the hypomethylating agent decitabine. The AML responded to venetoclax and decitabine treatment while the PanNEN stabilized on lanreotide. Over multiple months of treatment, the PanNEN showed gradual tumor response, consistent with decitabine treatment effect, and the patient remained without disease progression for both malignancies. We believe that some PanNENs can benefit from treatment with hypomethylating agents such as decitabine. To support this, we review the relevant literature and suggest a mechanism for the efficacy of decitabine in our case. Learning points Neuroendocrine neoplasms are associated with an increased risk of second primary cancers.Epigenetic changes such as hypermethylation and inhibition of tumor suppressor genes might explain the development and behavior of certain NENs.The use of hypomethylating agents such as decitabine might have a role in the treatment of PanNENs. Future studies are needed to confirm that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ehsanullah
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nikolaos A Trikalinos
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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4
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Shang D, Li G, Zhang C, Liu Y. Synergistic Inhibitory Effects of 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine and Cisplatin on Urothelial Carcinoma Growth via Suppressing TGFBI-MAPK Signaling Pathways. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 100:115-124. [PMID: 34890285 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is to reveal the gene transcriptional alteration, possible molecular mechanism, and pathways involved in the synergy of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC) and CDDP in UC. Two UC cell lines, 5637 and T24, were used in the study. A cDNA microarray was carried out to identify critical genes in the synergistic mechanism of both agents against UC cells. The results showed that several key regulatory genes, such as interleukin 24(IL24), fibroblast growth factor 1(FGF1), and transforming growth factor beta-induced (TGFBI), were identified and may play critical roles in the synergy of DAC and CDDP in UC. Pathway enrichment suggested that many carcinogenesis-related pathways, such as ECM-receptor interaction and MAPK signaling pathways, may participate in the synergy of both agents. Our results suggested that TGF-β1 stimulates the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and p38 via increasing TGFBI expression, TGFBI-MAPK signaling pathway plays an important role in the synergy of DAC and CDDP against UC. Therefore, we revealed the synergistic mechanism of DAC and CDDP in UC, several key regulatory genes play critical roles in the synergy of combined treatment, and TGFBI-MAPK signaling pathway may be an important potential target of these two agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Shang
- Capital Medical University, 12517, Department of Urology, Beijing, China;
| | - Gang Li
- Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, 74665, Department of Urology, Shenyang, China;
| | - Caixing Zhang
- Capital Medical University, 12517, Department of Urology, Beijing, China;
| | - Yuting Liu
- Capital Medical University, 12517, Department of Pathology, Beijing, China;
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5
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Ettaieb M, Kerkhofs T, van Engeland M, Haak H. Past, Present and Future of Epigenetics in Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051218. [PMID: 32414074 PMCID: PMC7281315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation profiling has been suggested a reliable technique to distinguish between benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors, a process which with current diagnostic methods remains challenging and lacks diagnostic accuracy of borderline tumors. Accurate distinction between benign and malignant adrenal tumors is of the essence, since ACC is a rare but aggressive endocrine disease with an annual incidence of about 2.0 cases per million people per year. The estimated five-year overall survival rate for ACC patients is <50%. However, available treatment regimens are limited, in which a radical surgical resection is the only curable option. Nevertheless, up to 85% of patients with radical resection show recurrence of the local disease often with concurrent metastases. Adrenolytic therapy with mitotane, administered alone or in combination with cytotoxic agents, is currently the primary (palliative) treatment for patients with advanced ACC and is increasingly used in adjuvant setting to prevent recurrence. Prognostic stratification is important in order to individualize adjuvant therapies. On April 1, 2020, there were 7404 publications on adrenocortical carcinoma (adrenocortical carcinoma) OR adrenocortical carcinoma [MeSH Terms]) OR adrenal cortex cancer[MeSH Terms]) OR adrenal cortical carcinoma [MeSH Terms]) OR adrenal cortex neoplasm [MeSH Terms]) OR adrenocortical cancer [MeSH Terms]), yet the underlying pathophysiology and characteristics of ACC is not fully understood. Knowledge on epigenetic alterations in the process of adrenal tumorigenesis is rapidly increasing and will add to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of ACC. DNA methylation profiling has been heralded as a promising method in the prognostication of ACC. This review summarizes recent findings on epigenetics of ACC and its role in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Ettaieb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Maxima Medical Center, 5631 Eindhoven/Veldhoven, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas Kerkhofs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Manon van Engeland
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Harm Haak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Maxima Medical Center, 5631 Eindhoven/Veldhoven, The Netherlands;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Services Research and CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands
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6
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Mohan DR, Lerario AM, Else T, Mukherjee B, Almeida MQ, Vinco M, Rege J, Mariani BMP, Zerbini MCN, Mendonca BB, Latronico AC, Marie SKN, Rainey WE, Giordano TJ, Fragoso MCBV, Hammer GD. Targeted Assessment of G0S2 Methylation Identifies a Rapidly Recurrent, Routinely Fatal Molecular Subtype of Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3276-3288. [PMID: 30770352 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy with few therapies; however, patients with locoregional disease have variable outcomes. The Cancer Genome Atlas project on ACC (ACC-TCGA) identified that cancers of patients with homogeneously rapidly recurrent or fatal disease bear a unique CpG island hypermethylation phenotype, "CIMP-high." We sought to identify a biomarker that faithfully captures this subgroup.Experimental Design: We analyzed ACC-TCGA data to characterize differentially regulated biological processes, and identify a biomarker that is methylated and silenced exclusively in CIMP-high ACC. In an independent cohort of 114 adrenocortical tumors (80 treatment-naive primary ACC, 22 adrenocortical adenomas, and 12 non-naive/nonprimary ACC), we evaluated biomarker methylation by a restriction digest/qPCR-based approach, validated by targeted bisulfite sequencing. We evaluated expression of this biomarker and additional prognostic markers by qPCR. RESULTS We show that CIMP-high ACC is characterized by upregulation of cell cycle and DNA damage response programs, and identify that hypermethylation and silencing of G0S2 distinguishes this subgroup. We confirmed G0S2 hypermethylation and silencing is exclusive to 40% of ACC, and independently predicts shorter disease-free and overall survival (median 14 and 17 months, respectively). Finally, G0S2 methylation combined with validated molecular markers (BUB1B-PINK1) stratifies ACC into three groups, with uniformly favorable, intermediate, and uniformly dismal outcomes. CONCLUSIONS G0S2 hypermethylation is a hallmark of rapidly recurrent or fatal ACC, amenable to targeted assessment using routine molecular diagnostics. Assessing G0S2 methylation is straightforward, feasible for clinical decision-making, and will enable the direction of efficacious adjuvant therapies for patients with aggressive ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika R Mohan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Antonio Marcondes Lerario
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tobias Else
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Madson Q Almeida
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo - ICESP, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michelle Vinco
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Juilee Rege
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Beatriz M P Mariani
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Claudia N Zerbini
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Berenice B Mendonca
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Latronico
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely K N Marie
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Celular/LIM15, Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - William E Rainey
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Thomas J Giordano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maria Candida B V Fragoso
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo - ICESP, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gary D Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. .,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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7
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Mohan DR, Lerario AM, Hammer GD. Therapeutic Targets for Adrenocortical Carcinoma in the Genomics Era. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:1259-1274. [PMID: 30402590 PMCID: PMC6215083 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and often fatal cancer, affecting ~1 person per million per year worldwide. Approximately 75% of patients with ACC eventually develop metastases and progress on the few available standard-of-care medical therapies, highlighting an incredible need for an improved understanding of the molecular biology of this disease. Although it has long been known that ACC is characterized by certain histological and genetic features (e.g., high mitotic activity, chromosomal instability, and overexpression of IGF2), only in the last two decades of genomics has the molecular landscape of ACC been more thoroughly characterized. In this review, we describe the findings of historical genetics and recent genomics studies on ACC and discuss how underlying concepts emerging from these studies contribute to the current model of critical pathways for adrenocortical carcinogenesis. Integrative synthesis across these studies reveals that ACC consists of three distinct molecular subtypes with divergent clinical outcomes and implicates differential regulation of Wnt signaling, cell cycle, DNA methylation, immune biology, and steroidogenesis in ACC biology. These cellular programs are pharmacologically targetable and may enable the development of therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes for patients facing this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika R Mohan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Antonio Marcondes Lerario
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gary D Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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8
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Jouinot A, Bertherat J. MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Adrenocortical carcinoma: differentiating the good from the poor prognosis tumors. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 178:R215-R230. [PMID: 29475877 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis, the five-years overall survival being below 40%. However, there is great variability of outcomes and we have now a better view of the heterogeneity of tumor aggressiveness. The extent of the disease at the time of diagnosis, best assayed by the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENSAT) Staging Score, is a major determinant of survival. The tumor grade, including the mitotic count and the Ki67 proliferation index, also appears as a strong prognostic factor. The assessment of tumor grade, even by expert pathologists, still suffers from inter-observer reproducibility. The emergence of genomics in the last decade has revolutionized the knowledge of molecular biology and genetics of cancers. In ACC, genomic approaches - including pan-genomic studies of gene expression (transcriptome), recurrent mutations (exome or whole-genome sequencing), chromosome alterations, DNA methylation (methylome), miRNA expression (miRnome) - converge in a new classification of ACC, characterized by distinct molecular profiles and very different outcomes. Targeted measurements of a few discriminant molecular alterations have been developed in the perspective of clinical routine, and thus, may help defining therapeutic strategy. By individualizing patients' prognosis and tumor biology, these recent progresses appear as an important step forward towards precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jouinot
- Institut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- Medical Oncology Reference Center for Rare Adrenal DiseasesDepartment of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Institut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- Reference Center for Rare Adrenal DiseasesDepartment of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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Bracalente C, Ibañez IL, Berenstein A, Notcovich C, Cerda MB, Klamt F, Chernomoretz A, Durán H. Reprogramming human A375 amelanotic melanoma cells by catalase overexpression: Upregulation of antioxidant genes correlates with regression of melanoma malignancy and with malignant progression when downregulated. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41154-41171. [PMID: 27206673 PMCID: PMC5173049 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in tumor transformation. The antioxidant system (AOS) protects cells from ROS damage. However, it is also hijacked by cancers cells to proliferate within the tumor. Thus, identifying proteins altered by redox imbalance in cancer cells is an attractive prognostic and therapeutic tool. Gene expression microarrays in A375 melanoma cells with different ROS levels after overexpressing catalase were performed. Dissimilar phenotypes by differential compensation to hydrogen peroxide scavenging were generated. The melanotic A375-A7 (A7) upregulated TYRP1, CNTN1 and UCHL1 promoting melanogenesis. The metastatic A375-G10 (G10) downregulated MTSS1 and TIAM1, proteins absent in metastasis. Moreover, differential coexpression of AOS genes (EPHX2, GSTM3, MGST1, MSRA, TXNRD3, MGST3 and GSR) was found in A7 and G10. Their increase in A7 improved its AOS ability and therefore, oxidative stress response, resembling less aggressive tumor cells. Meanwhile, their decrease in G10 revealed a disruption in the AOS and therefore, enhanced its metastatic capacity. These gene signatures, not only bring new insights into the physiopathology of melanoma, but also could be relevant in clinical prognostic to classify between non aggressive and metastatic melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Bracalente
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene L Ibañez
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Berenstein
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Departamento de Física, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cintia Notcovich
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B Cerda
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabio Klamt
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Ariel Chernomoretz
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Departamento de Física, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hebe Durán
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Angelousi A, Dimitriadis GK, Zografos G, Nölting S, Kaltsas G, Grossman A. Molecular targeted therapies in adrenal, pituitary and parathyroid malignancies. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:R239-R259. [PMID: 28400402 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumourigenesis is a relatively common event in endocrine tissues. Currently, specific guidelines have been developed for common malignant endocrine tumours, which also incorporate advances in molecular targeted therapies (MTT), as in thyroid cancer and in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine malignancies. However, there is little information regarding the role and efficacy of MTT in the relatively rare malignant endocrine tumours mainly involving the adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex, pituitary, and parathyroid glands. Due to the rarity of these tumours and the lack of prospective studies, current guidelines are mostly based on retrospective data derived from surgical, locoregional and ablative therapies, and studies with systemic chemotherapy. In addition, in many of these malignancies the prognosis remains poor with individual patients responding differently to currently available treatments, necessitating the development of new personalised therapeutic strategies. Recently, major advances in the molecular understanding of endocrine tumours based on genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptome analysis have emerged, resulting in new insights into their pathogenesis and molecular pathology. This in turn has led to the use of novel MTTs in increasing numbers of patients. In this review, we aim to present currently existing and evolving data using MTT in the treatment of adrenal, pituitary and malignant parathyroid tumours, and explore the current utility and effectiveness of such therapies and their future evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Angelousi
- Department of PathophysiologySector of Endocrinology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios K Dimitriadis
- Division of Translational and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Coventry, UK
| | - Georgios Zografos
- Third Department of SurgeryAthens General Hospital "Georgios Gennimatas", Athens, Greece
| | - Svenja Nölting
- Department of Internal Medicine IICampus Grosshadern, University-Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gregory Kaltsas
- Department of PathophysiologySector of Endocrinology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Division of Translational and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Coventry, UK
- Department of EndocrinologyOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ashley Grossman
- Department of EndocrinologyOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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11
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Shang D, Han T, Xu X, Liu Y. Decitabine induces G2/M cell cycle arrest by suppressing p38/NF-κB signaling in human renal clear cell carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:11140-11148. [PMID: 26617834 PMCID: PMC4637649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The anti-neoplastic effects of decitabine, an inhibitor of DNA promoter methylation, are beneficial for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, the mechanism of action of decitabine is unclear. We analyzed gene expression profiling and identified specific pathways altered by decitabine in RCC cells. METHODS Four human RCC cell lines (ACHN, Caki-1, Caki-1, and A498) were used in this study; growth suppression of RCC cells by decitabine was analyzed using the WST-1 assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were examined using flow cytometric analysis. Gene expression of RCC cells induced by decitabine was evaluated with cDNA microarray, and potential biological pathways were selected using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. The activity of the p38-NF-κB pathway regulated by decitabine was confirmed by Western blotting. RESULTS Decitabine suppresses the proliferation of RCC cells in vitro. Although decitabine did not significantly induce apoptosis, decitabine caused cell cycle arrest at G2/M in a dose-dependent manner. Gene expression regulated by decitabine in RCC cells was investigated using microarray analysis. Ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1), interferon inducible protein 27 (IFI27), and cell division cycle-associated 2 (CDCA2) may be involved in growth suppression of RCC cells by decitabine. The phosphorylation of p38-NF-κB pathway was suppressed by decitabine in RCC cells. CONCLUSIONS We investigated gene expression profiling and pathways modulated by decitabine in RCC cells. Decitabine was shown to suppress the growth of RCC cells via G2/M cell cycle arrest and the p38-NF-κB signaling pathway may play a role in the anti-neoplastic effect of decitabine in RCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Shang
- Department of Urology, Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050, China
| | - Tiandong Han
- Department of Urology, Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050, China
| | - Xiuhong Xu
- Department of Urology, Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Pathology, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069, China
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12
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Rodríguez-Rodero S, Delgado-Álvarez E, Fernández AF, Fernández-Morera JL, Menéndez-Torre E, Fraga MF. Epigenetic alterations in endocrine-related cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:R319-30. [PMID: 24898948 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant epigenetics is a hallmark of cancer, and endocrine-related tumors are no exception. Recent research has been identifying an ever-growing number of epigenetic alterations in both genomic DNA methylation and histone post-translational modification in tumors of the endocrine system. Novel microarray and ultra-deep sequencing technologies have allowed the identification of genome-wide epigenetic patterns in some tumor types such as adrenocortical, parathyroid, and breast carcinomas. However, in other cancer types, such as the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes and thyroid cancer, tumor information is limited to candidate genes alone. Future research should fill this gap and deepen our understanding of the functional role of these alterations in cancer, as well as defining their possible clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rodríguez-Rodero
- Endocrinology and Nutrition ServiceHospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. Julian Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, SpainCancer Epigenetics LaboratoryInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, SpainDepartment of Immunology and OncologyNational Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, SpainEndocrinology and Nutrition ServiceHospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. Julian Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, SpainCancer Epigenetics LaboratoryInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, SpainDepartment of Immunology and OncologyNational Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Elías Delgado-Álvarez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition ServiceHospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. Julian Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, SpainCancer Epigenetics LaboratoryInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, SpainDepartment of Immunology and OncologyNational Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Agustín F Fernández
- Endocrinology and Nutrition ServiceHospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. Julian Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, SpainCancer Epigenetics LaboratoryInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, SpainDepartment of Immunology and OncologyNational Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Juan L Fernández-Morera
- Endocrinology and Nutrition ServiceHospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. Julian Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, SpainCancer Epigenetics LaboratoryInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, SpainDepartment of Immunology and OncologyNational Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Edelmiro Menéndez-Torre
- Endocrinology and Nutrition ServiceHospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. Julian Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, SpainCancer Epigenetics LaboratoryInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, SpainDepartment of Immunology and OncologyNational Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Endocrinology and Nutrition ServiceHospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. Julian Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, SpainCancer Epigenetics LaboratoryInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, SpainDepartment of Immunology and OncologyNational Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, SpainEndocrinology and Nutrition ServiceHospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. Julian Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, SpainCancer Epigenetics LaboratoryInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, SpainDepartment of Immunology and OncologyNational Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
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13
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Low-dose decitabine induces MAGE-A expression and inhibits invasion via suppression of NF-κB2 and MMP2 in Eca109 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:745-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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14
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Abstract
Pan-genomic analyses of genetic and epigenetic alterations and gene expression profiles are providing important new insights into the pathogenesis and molecular classification of cancers. The technologies and methods used for these studies are rapidly diversifying and improving. The use of such methodologies for the analysis of adrenocortical tumours has revealed clear transcriptomic (mRNA and microRNA expression profiles), epigenomic (DNA methylation profiles) and genomic (DNA mutations and chromosomal alterations) differences between benign and malignant tumours. Interestingly, genomic studies of adrenal cancers have also identified subtypes of malignant tumours, which demonstrate distinct patterns of molecular alterations and are associated with different clinical outcomes. These discoveries have created the opportunity for classifying adrenocortical tumours on the basis of molecular analyses. Following these genomic studies, efforts to develop new molecular tools that improve diagnosis and prognostication of patients with adrenocortical tumours have also been made. This Review describes the progress that has been made towards classification of adrenocortical tumours to date based on key genomic approaches. In addition, the potential for the development and use of various molecular tools to personalize the management of patients with adrenocortical tumours is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Assié
- 1] Department of Endocrinology, Referral Centre for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Fg-St-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France. [2] INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris Descartes University, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Anne Jouinot
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris Descartes University, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- 1] Department of Endocrinology, Referral Centre for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Fg-St-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France. [2] INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris Descartes University, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A remarkable correspondence exists between the cytogenetic locations of the known fragile sites and frequently reported sites of hypermethylation. The best-known features of fragile sites are sequence motifs that are prone to the spontaneous formation of a non-B DNA structure. These facts, coupled with the known enzymological specificities of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), the ATP-dependent and actin-dependent helicases, and the ten-eleven translocation (TET) dioxygenases, suggest that these enzymes are involved in an epigenetic cycle that maintains the unmethylated state at these sites by resolving non-B structure, preventing both the sequestration of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and hypermethylation in normal cells. PRESENTATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS The innate tendency of DNA sequences present at fragile sites to form non-B DNA structures results in de novo methylation of DNA at these sites that is held in check in normal cells by the action of ATP-dependent and actin-dependent helicases coupled with the action of TET dioxygenases. This constitutes a previously unrecognized epigenetic repair cycle in which spontaneously forming non-B DNA structures formed at fragile sites are methylated by DNMTs as they are removed by the action of ATP-dependent and actin-dependent helicases, with the resulting nascent methylation rendered non-transmissible by TET dioxygenases. TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS A strong prediction of the hypothesis is that knockdown of ATP-dependent and actin-dependent helicases will result in enhanced bisulfite sensitivity and hypermethylation at non-B structures in multiple fragile sites coupled with global hypomethylation. IMPLICATIONS OF THE HYPOTHESIS A key implication of the hypothesis is that helicases, like the lymphoid-specific helicase and alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked helicase, passively promote accurate maintenance of DNA methylation by preventing the sequestration of DNMTs at sites of unrepaired non-B DNA structure. When helicase action is blocked due to mutation or downregulation of the respective genes, DNMTs stall at unrepaired non-B structures in fragile sites after methylating them and are unable to methylate other sites in the genome, resulting in hypermethylation at non-B DNA-forming sites, along with hypomethylation elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Smith
- City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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16
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Abstract
The field of epigenetics has evolved rapidly over recent years providing insight into the tumorigenesis of many solid and haematological malignancies. Determination of epigenetic modifications in neuroendocrine tumour (NET) development is imperative if we are to improve our understanding of the biology of this heterogenous group of tumours. Epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation at RASSF1A are frequent findings in NETs of all origins and may be associated with worse prognosis. MicroRNA signatures and histone modifications have been identified which can differentiate subtypes of NET and distinguish NET from adenocarcinoma in cases of diagnostic uncertainty. Historically, candidate gene-driven approaches have yielded limited insight into the epigenetics of NET. Recent progress has been facilitated by development of high-throughput tools including second-generation sequencing and arrays for analysis of the 'epigenome' of tumour and normal tissue, permitting unbiased approaches such as exome sequencing that identified mutations of chromatin-remodelling genes ATRX/DAXX in 44% of pancreatic NETs. Epigenetic changes are reversible and therefore represent an attractive therapeutic target; to date, clinical outcomes of epigenetic therapies in solid tumours have been disappointing; however, in vitro studies on NETs are promising and further clinical trials are required to determine utility of this class of novel agents. In this review, we perform a comprehensive evaluation of epigenetic changes found in NETs to date, including rare NETs such as phaeochromocytoma and adrenocortical tumours. We suggest priorities for future research and discuss potential clinical applications and novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karpathakis
- University College London Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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17
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Jain M, Zhang L, He M, Zhang YQ, Patterson EE, Nilubol N, Shen M, Kebebew E. TOP2A is overexpressed and is a therapeutic target for adrenocortical carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:361-70. [PMID: 23533247 PMCID: PMC4990817 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy with no effective therapy for patients with unresectable disease. The aim of the current study was i) to evaluate TOP2A expression and function in human adrenocortical neoplasm and ACC cells and ii) to determine the anticancer activity of agents that target TOP2A. TOP2A mRNA and protein expression levels were evaluated in 112 adrenocortical tissue samples (21 normal adrenal cortex, 80 benign adrenocortical tumors, and 11 ACCs). In vitro siRNA knockdown of TOP2A in ACC cell lines (NCI-H295R and SW13) was used to determine its effect on cellular proliferation, cell cycle, anchorage-independent growth, and cellular invasion. We screened 14 TOP2A inhibitors for their anticancer activity in ACC cells. TOP2A mRNA and protein expression was significantly higher in ACC than in benign and normal adrenocortical tissue samples (P<0.05). Knockdown of TOP2A gene expression in ACC cell lines significantly decreased cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and invasion (P<0.05). A screening assay in NCI-H295R cells showed that 11 of 14 TOP2A inhibitors had antiproliferative activity, 5 of the 14 TOP2A inhibitors had a higher antiproliferative activity than mitotane, and aclarubicin was the agent with the highest activity. Aclarubicin was validated to significantly decrease proliferation and tumor spheroid size in both NCI-H295R and SW13 ACC cell lines (P<0.05). Our results suggest that TOP2A is overexpressed in ACC, regulates cellular proliferation and invasion in ACC cells, and is an attractive target for ACC therapy. Of the TOP2A inhibitors screened, aclarubicin is a good candidate agent to test in future clinical trials for patients with locally advanced and metastatic ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Jain
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lisa Zhang
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mei He
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ya-Qin Zhang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erin E. Patterson
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Naris Nilubol
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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18
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Ari F, Napieralski R, Ulukaya E, Dere E, Colling C, Honert K, Krüger A, Kiechle M, Schmitt M. Modulation of protein expression levels and DNA methylation status of breast cancer metastasis genes by anthracycline-based chemotherapy and the demethylating agent decitabine. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:651-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ferda Ari
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science and Art; Uludag University; Bursa; Turkey
| | - Rudolf Napieralski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Technische Universitaet Muenchen; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Munich; Germany
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Medical School of Uludag University; Bursa; Turkey
| | - Egemen Dere
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science and Art; Uludag University; Bursa; Turkey
| | - Christoph Colling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Technische Universitaet Muenchen; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Munich; Germany
| | - Katja Honert
- Institute for Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research; Technische Universitaet Muenchen; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Munich; Germany
| | - Achim Krüger
- Institute for Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research; Technische Universitaet Muenchen; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Munich; Germany
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Technische Universitaet Muenchen; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Munich; Germany
| | - Manfred Schmitt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Technische Universitaet Muenchen; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Munich; Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Adrenocortical carcinoma is an aggressive, lethal malignancy of the adrenal cortex. The rarity of the disease has stymied therapeutic development. Recent work toward understanding the molecular pathogenesis of the disease has identified several potential new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. RECENT FINDINGS The molecular characterization of adrenocortical carcinoma has identified dysregulation of the Gap 2/mitosis transition and the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling cascade as two major pathways for therapeutic development. These studies have also highlighted an unappreciated heterogeneity of the disease at the gene level that nevertheless seems to converge onto common cellular pathways. Additionally, the characterization of Wnt signaling through β-catenin in adrenal development, the demonstration of the involvement of BMP signaling in adrenocortical carcinoma growth regulation, and the discovery that ERCC1 expression levels can predict therapeutic response to platinum are just a few of the recent advances that promise to shed light on adrenocortical carcinoma biology. SUMMARY Short-term, therapeutic development should target the Gap 2/mitosis transition and the downstream signaling of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor receptor. Long-term, additional characterization of patient samples, particularly at the sequence level, is required to fully understand adrenocortical carcinoma biology and apply that knowledge to clinical practice.
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Tacon LJ, Prichard RS, Soon PSH, Robinson BG, Clifton-Bligh RJ, Sidhu SB. Current and emerging therapies for advanced adrenocortical carcinoma. Oncologist 2011; 16:36-48. [PMID: 21212436 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Complete surgical resection offers the only potential for cure; however, even after apparently successful excision, local or metastatic recurrence is frequent. Treatment options for advanced ACC are severely limited. Mitotane is the only recognized adrenolytic therapy available; however, response rates are modest and unpredictable whereas systemic toxicities are significant. Reported responses to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy have also been disappointing, and the rarity of ACC had hampered the ability to undertake randomized clinical studies until the establishment of the First International Randomized Trial in Locally Advanced and Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma. This yet-to-be reported study seeks to identify the most effective first- and second-line cytotoxic regimens. The past decade has also seen increasing research into the molecular pathogenesis of ACCs, with particular interest in the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway. The widespread development of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors in broader oncological practice is now allowing for the rational selection of targeted therapies to study in ACC. In this review, we discuss the currently available therapeutic options for patients with advanced ACC and detail the molecular rationale behind, and clinical evidence for, novel and emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndal J Tacon
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards 2065 NSW Australia.
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