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Wang W, Jia H, Hua X, Song J. New insights gained from cellular landscape changes in myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:883-907. [PMID: 38896377 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10406-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Advances in the etiological classification of myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy (ICM) have reached a consensus. However, the mechanism of myocarditis/ICM remains unclear, which affects the development of treatment and the improvement of outcome. Cellular transcription and metabolic reprogramming, and the interactions between cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes, such as the immune cells, contribute to the process of myocarditis/ICM. Recent efforts have been made by multi-omics techniques, particularly in single-cell RNA sequencing, to gain a better understanding of the cellular landscape alteration occurring in disease during the progression. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest studies in myocarditis/ICM, particularly as revealed by single-cell sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiteng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Xiumeng Hua
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China.
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2
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Mok BWY, Kwok M, Li HS, Ling L, Lai A, Yan B, Law CTY, Yeung CH, Zhang AJ, Tam RCY, Kukic A, Cremin CJ, Zhang Y, Long T, Kang Z, Luo R, Leung KT, Li AM, Lui G, Tsui SKW, Chan JFW, To KKW, Chan PKS, Yan BP, Chen H, Poon ENY. SARS-CoV-2 variants divergently infect and damage cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:101. [PMID: 39095802 PMCID: PMC11297708 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 can cause cardiac complications and the latter are associated with poor prognosis and increased mortality. SARS-CoV-2 variants differ in their infectivity and pathogenicity, but how they affect cardiomyocytes (CMs) is unclear. METHODS The effects of SARS-CoV-2 variants were investigated using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (hiPSC-) CMs in vitro and Golden Syrian hamsters in vivo. RESULTS Different variants exhibited distinct tropism, mechanism of viral entry and pathology in the heart. Omicron BA.2 most efficiently infected and injured CMs in vitro and in vivo, and induced expression changes consistent with increased cardiac dysfunction, compared to other variants tested. Bioinformatics and upstream regulator analyses identified transcription factors and network predicted to control the unique transcriptome of Omicron BA.2 infected CMs. Increased infectivity of Omicron BA.2 is attributed to its ability to infect via endocytosis, independently of TMPRSS2, which is absent in CMs. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we reveal previously unknown differences in how different SARS-CoV-2 variants affect CMs. Omicron BA.2, which is generally thought to cause mild disease, can damage CMs in vitro and in vivo. Our study highlights the need for further investigations to define the pathogenesis of cardiac complications arising from different SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Wing-Yee Mok
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Maxwell Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hung Sing Li
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Lowell Ling
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Angel Lai
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Heart and Vascular Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Cherie Tsz-Yiu Law
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chui Him Yeung
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Anna Jinxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Rachel Chun-Yee Tam
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Anja Kukic
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Conor J Cremin
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Teng Long
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Zhisen Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ruibang Luo
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Albert M Li
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Grace Lui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Stephen Kwok-Wing Tsui
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Paul K S Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Bryan P Yan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Heart and Vascular Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ellen Ngar-Yun Poon
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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3
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Zhang L, Qi D, Peng M, Meng B, Wang X, Zhang X, Zuo Z, Li L, Wang Z, Zou W, Hu Z, Qian Z. Decoding molecular signature on heart of septic mice with distinct left ventricular ejection fraction. iScience 2023; 26:107825. [PMID: 37736036 PMCID: PMC10509301 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated cardiac function after sepsis in intensive care unit is known to predict poor long-term outcome and increase mortality. Their pathological feature and molecular mechanism remain unclear. We observed that septic patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) have the highest in-hospital and 28 days mortality comparing to patients with hyperdynamic LVEF or with heart failure with preserved LVEF. Echocardiograms reveal that survivors post cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) on rodents have stable LVEF and non-survivors have fluctuated LVEF at CLP early phase. CLP-induced mice fall into three groups based on LVEF 24 h post-surgery: high-, low-, and normal-LVEF. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses identify jointly and distinctively changed genes, proteins and biologically essential pathways in left ventricles from three CLP groups. Notably, transmission electron microscopy shows different mitochondrial and sarcomere defects associated with LVEF variances. Together, this study systematically characterizes the molecular, morphological, and functional alterations in CLP-induced cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital) Changsha, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Desheng Qi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Milin Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital) Changsha, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Binbin Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xinrun Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhihong Zuo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital) Changsha, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhanwen Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital) Changsha, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wenxuan Zou
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhonghua Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital) Changsha, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine and Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhaoxin Qian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital) Changsha, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Changsha 410008, China
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Gałgańska H, Jarmuszkiewicz W, Gałgański Ł. Carbon dioxide and MAPK signalling: towards therapy for inflammation. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:280. [PMID: 37817178 PMCID: PMC10566067 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, although necessary to fight infections, becomes a threat when it exceeds the capability of the immune system to control it. In addition, inflammation is a cause and/or symptom of many different disorders, including metabolic, neurodegenerative, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases. Comorbidities and advanced age are typical predictors of more severe cases of seasonal viral infection, with COVID-19 a clear example. The primary importance of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the course of COVID-19 is evident in the mechanisms by which cells are infected with SARS-CoV-2; the cytokine storm that profoundly worsens a patient's condition; the pathogenesis of diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, that contribute to a worsened prognosis; and post-COVID-19 complications, such as brain fog and thrombosis. An increasing number of reports have revealed that MAPKs are regulated by carbon dioxide (CO2); hence, we reviewed the literature to identify associations between CO2 and MAPKs and possible therapeutic benefits resulting from the elevation of CO2 levels. CO2 regulates key processes leading to and resulting from inflammation, and the therapeutic effects of CO2 (or bicarbonate, HCO3-) have been documented in all of the abovementioned comorbidities and complications of COVID-19 in which MAPKs play roles. The overlapping MAPK and CO2 signalling pathways in the contexts of allergy, apoptosis and cell survival, pulmonary oedema (alveolar fluid resorption), and mechanical ventilation-induced responses in lungs and related to mitochondria are also discussed. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Gałgańska
- Faculty of Biology, Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Gałgański
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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Ciabatti M, Zocchi C, Olivotto I, Bolognese L, Pieroni M. Myocarditis and COVID-19 related issues. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2023; 2023:e202328. [PMID: 38404624 PMCID: PMC10886760 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2023.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic by SARS-CoV2 infection has caused millions of deaths and hospitalizations across the globe. In the early pandemic phases, the infection had been initially considered a primary pulmonary disease. However, increasing evidence has demonstrated a wide range of possible cardiac involvement. Most of systemic and cardiac damage is likely sustained by a complex interplay between inflammatory, immune-related and thrombotic mechanisms. Biventricular failure and myocardial damage with elevation of cardiac biomarkers have been reported in COVID-19 patients, although histological demonstration of acute myocarditis has been rarely documented. Indeed while cardiac magnetic resonance findings include different patterns of myocardial involvement in terms of late gadolinium enhancement, histological data from necropsy and endomyocardial biopsy showed peculiar inflammatory patterns, mostly composed by macrophages. On the other hand COVID-19 vaccines based on mRN technology have been also associated with increased risk of myocarditis. COVID-19 and mRNA vaccine-related myocarditis present different clinical and imaging presentations and recent data suggest the presence of distinctive immunological mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Zocchi
- Cardiovascular Department, San Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Meyer Children Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Chen T, Chen H, Chen P, Zhu L, Mao W, Yao Y. High expression of IL6 and decrease in immune cells in COVID-19 patients combined with myocardial injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190644. [PMID: 37564653 PMCID: PMC10410153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Myocardial injury, as a serious complication of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), increases the occurrence of adverse outcomes. Identification of key regulatory molecules of myocardial injury may help formulate corresponding treatment strategies and improve the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Methods Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was conducted to identify co-regulatory pathways. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GSE150392 and GSE169241 were screened and an intersection analysis with key genes of the co-regulatory pathway was conducted. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to screen for key regulatory genes. Preliminarily screened genes were verified using other datasets to identify genes with consistent expression. Based on the hierarchical cluster, we divided the patients from GSE177477 into high- and low-risk groups and compared the proportion of immune cells. A total of 267 COVID-19 patients from the Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from December 26, 2022, to January 11, 2023, were enrolled to verify the bioinformatics results. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the risk factors for myocardial injury. According to high-sensitivity troponin (hsTnI) levels, patients with COVID-19 were divided into high- and low-sensitivity groups, and interleukin 6 (IL6) expression and lymphocyte subsets were compared. Patients were also divided into high and low groups according to the IL6 expression, and hsTnI levels were compared. Results Interleukin signaling pathway and GPCR ligand binding were shown to be co-regulatory pathways in myocardial injury associated with COVID-19. According to the hierarchical cluster analysis of seven genes (IL6, NFKBIA, CSF1, CXCL1, IL1R1, SOCS3, and CASP1), patients with myocardial injury could be distinguished from those without myocardial injury. Age, IL6 levels, and hospital stay may be factors influencing myocardial injury caused by COVID-19. Compared with COVID-19 patients without myocardial injury, the levels of IL6 in patients with myocardial injury increased, while the number of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells decreased (P<0.05). The hsTnI levels in COVID-19 patients with high IL6 levels were higher than those in patients with low IL6 (P<0.05). Conclusions The COVID-19 patients with myocardial injury had elevated IL6 expression and decreased lymphocyte counts. IL6 may participate in myocardial injury through the interleukin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Haixin Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Linchao Zhu
- Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital (Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Yao
- Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
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Xu Z, Wang Y, Sun M, Zhou Y, Cao J, Zhang H, Xuan X, Zhou J. Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles from tick hemolymph and uptake of extracellular vesicles by salivary glands and ovary cells. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:125. [PMID: 37046327 PMCID: PMC10100430 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05753-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures that are important mediators of intercellular communication. Arthropods transport nutrients, signaling molecules, waste and immune factors to all areas of the body via the hemolymph. Little is known about tick hemolymph EVs. METHODS Hemolymph was collected from partially fed Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides and Hyalomma asiaticum ticks by making an incision with a sterile scalpel in the middle (between the femur and metatarsus) of the first pair of legs, which is known as leg amputation. EVs were isolated from hemolymph by differential centrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Proteins extracted from the hemolymph EVs were analyzed by 4D label-free proteomics. The EVs were also examined by western blot and immuno-electron microscopy analysis. Intracellular incorporation of PHK26-labeled EVs was tested by adding labeled EVs to tick salivary glands and ovaries, followed by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS In this study, 149 and 273 proteins were identified by 4D label-free proteomics in R. haemaphysaloides and H. asiaticum hemolymph EVs, respectively. TEM and NTA revealed that the sizes of the hemolymph EVs from R. haemaphysaloides and H. asiaticum were 133 and 138 nm, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses of identified proteins revealed pathways related to binding, catalytic and transporter activity, translation, transport and catabolism, signal transduction and cellular community. The key EV marker proteins RhCD9, RhTSG101, Rh14-3-3 and RhGAPDH were identified using proteomics and western blot. The presence of RhFerritin-2 in tick hemolymph EVs was confirmed by western blot and immuno-electron microscopy. We demonstrated that PKH26-labeled hemolymph EVs are internalized by tick salivary glands and ovary cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that tick EVs are secreted into, and circulated by, the hemolymph. EVs may play roles in the regulation of tick development, metabolism and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Houshuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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8
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Redenšek Trampuž S, Vogrinc D, Goričar K, Dolžan V. Shared miRNA landscapes of COVID-19 and neurodegeneration confirm neuroinflammation as an important overlapping feature. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1123955. [PMID: 37008787 PMCID: PMC10064073 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1123955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionDevelopment and worsening of most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, have been associated with COVID-19 However, the mechanisms associated with neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients and neurodegenerative sequelae are not clear. The interplay between gene expression and metabolite production in CNS is driven by miRNAs. These small non-coding molecules are dysregulated in most common neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19.MethodsWe have performed a thorough literature screening and database mining to search for shared miRNA landscapes of SARS-CoV-2 infection and neurodegeneration. Differentially expressed miRNAs in COVID-19 patients were searched using PubMed, while differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with five most common neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis) were searched using the Human microRNA Disease Database. Target genes of the overlapping miRNAs, identified with the miRTarBase, were used for the pathway enrichment analysis performed with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Reactome.ResultsIn total, 98 common miRNAs were found. Additionally, two of them (hsa-miR-34a and hsa-miR-132) were highlighted as promising biomarkers of neurodegeneration, as they are dysregulated in all five most common neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19. Additionally, hsa-miR-155 was upregulated in four COVID-19 studies and found to be dysregulated in neurodegeneration processes as well. Screening for miRNA targets identified 746 unique genes with strong evidence for interaction. Target enrichment analysis highlighted most significant KEGG and Reactome pathways being involved in signaling, cancer, transcription and infection. However, the more specific identified pathways confirmed neuroinflammation as being the most important shared feature.DiscussionOur pathway based approach has identified overlapping miRNAs in COVID-19 and neurodegenerative diseases that may have a valuable potential for neurodegeneration prediction in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, identified miRNAs can be further explored as potential drug targets or agents to modify signaling in shared pathways.Graphical AbstractShared miRNA molecules among the five investigated neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19 were identified. The two overlapping miRNAs, hsa-miR-34a and has-miR-132, present potential biomarkers of neurodegenerative sequelae after COVID-19. Furthermore, 98 common miRNAs between all five neurodegenerative diseases together and COVID-19 were identified. A KEGG and Reactome pathway enrichment analyses was performed on the list of shared miRNA target genes and finally top 20 pathways were evaluated for their potential for identification of new drug targets. A common feature of identified overlapping miRNAs and pathways is neuroinflammation. AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HD, Huntington’s disease; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; MS, multiple sclerosis; PD, Parkinson’s disease.
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9
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Zhang W, Liu L, Xiao X, Zhou H, Peng Z, Wang W, Huang L, Xie Y, Xu H, Tao L, Nie W, Yuan X, Liu F, Yuan Q. Identification of common molecular signatures of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its influence on acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:961642. [PMID: 37026010 PMCID: PMC10070855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.961642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the main cause of COVID-19, causing hundreds of millions of confirmed cases and more than 18.2 million deaths worldwide. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of COVID-19 that leads to an increase in mortality, especially in intensive care unit (ICU) settings, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a high risk factor for COVID-19 and its related mortality. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms among AKI, CKD, and COVID-19 are unclear. Therefore, transcriptome analysis was performed to examine common pathways and molecular biomarkers for AKI, CKD, and COVID-19 in an attempt to understand the association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with AKI and CKD. Three RNA-seq datasets (GSE147507, GSE1563, and GSE66494) from the GEO database were used to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for COVID-19 with AKI and CKD to search for shared pathways and candidate targets. A total of 17 common DEGs were confirmed, and their biological functions and signaling pathways were characterized by enrichment analysis. MAPK signaling, the structural pathway of interleukin 1 (IL-1), and the Toll-like receptor pathway appear to be involved in the occurrence of these diseases. Hub genes identified from the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, including DUSP6, BHLHE40, RASGRP1, and TAB2, are potential therapeutic targets in COVID-19 with AKI and CKD. Common genes and pathways may play pathogenic roles in these three diseases mainly through the activation of immune inflammation. Networks of transcription factor (TF)-gene, miRNA-gene, and gene-disease interactions from the datasets were also constructed, and key gene regulators influencing the progression of these three diseases were further identified among the DEGs. Moreover, new drug targets were predicted based on these common DEGs, and molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed. Finally, a diagnostic model of COVID-19 was established based on these common DEGs. Taken together, the molecular and signaling pathways identified in this study may be related to the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infection affects renal function. These findings are significant for the effective treatment of COVID-19 in patients with kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Leping Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangcheng Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongshan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhangzhe Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Organ Fibrosis Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Organ Fibrosis Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Organ Fibrosis Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanyun Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Organ Fibrosis Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Organ Fibrosis Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijian Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Organ Fibrosis Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wannian Nie
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangning Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Organ Fibrosis Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Liu, ; Qiongjing Yuan,
| | - Qiongjing Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Organ Fibrosis Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Liu, ; Qiongjing Yuan,
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Lio CT, Grabert G, Louadi Z, Fenn A, Baumbach J, Kacprowski T, List M, Tsoy O. Systematic analysis of alternative splicing in time course data using Spycone. Bioinformatics 2022; 39:6965022. [PMID: 36579860 PMCID: PMC9831059 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION During disease progression or organism development, alternative splicing may lead to isoform switches that demonstrate similar temporal patterns and reflect the alternative splicing co-regulation of such genes. Tools for dynamic process analysis usually neglect alternative splicing. RESULTS Here, we propose Spycone, a splicing-aware framework for time course data analysis. Spycone exploits a novel IS detection algorithm and offers downstream analysis such as network and gene set enrichment. We demonstrate the performance of Spycone using simulated and real-world data of SARS-CoV-2 infection. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The Spycone package is available as a PyPI package. The source code of Spycone is available under the GPLv3 license at https://github.com/yollct/spycone and the documentation at https://spycone.readthedocs.io/en/latest/. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chit Tong Lio
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Notkestrasse 9, Hamburg 22607, Germany,Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Gordon Grabert
- Division Data Science in Biomedicine, Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics of Technische Universität Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, Braunschweig 38106, Germany,Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Zakaria Louadi
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Notkestrasse 9, Hamburg 22607, Germany,Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Amit Fenn
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Notkestrasse 9, Hamburg 22607, Germany,Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Notkestrasse 9, Hamburg 22607, Germany,Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Tim Kacprowski
- Division Data Science in Biomedicine, Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics of Technische Universität Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, Braunschweig 38106, Germany,Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | | | - Olga Tsoy
- To whom correspondence should be addressed.
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11
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Rinkūnaitė I, Šimoliūnas E, Alksnė M, Bartkutė G, Labeit S, Bukelskienė V, Bogomolovas J. Genetic Ablation of Ankrd1 Mitigates Cardiac Damage during Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis in Mice. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121898. [PMID: 36551326 PMCID: PMC9775225 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis (MC) is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium that can cause sudden death in the acute phase, and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with chronic heart failure as its major long-term outcome. However, the molecular mechanisms beyond the acute MC phase remain poorly understood. The ankyrin repeat domain 1 (ANKRD1) is a functionally pleiotropic stress/stretch-inducible protein, which can modulate cardiac stress response during various forms of pathological stimuli; however, its involvement in post-MC cardiac remodeling leading to DCM is not known. To address this, we induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in ANKRD1-deficient mice, and evaluated post-MC consequences at the DCM stage mice hearts. We demonstrated that ANKRD1 does not significantly modulate heart failure; nevertheless, the genetic ablation of Ankrd1 blunted the cardiac damage/remodeling and preserved heart function during post-MC DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Rinkūnaitė
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Egidijus Šimoliūnas
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Milda Alksnė
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gabrielė Bartkutė
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Siegfried Labeit
- DZHK Partner Site Mannheim-Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Myomedix GmbH, 69151 Neckargemünd, Germany
| | - Virginija Bukelskienė
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Heidecker B, Dagan N, Balicer R, Eriksson U, Rosano G, Coats A, Tschöpe C, Kelle S, Poland GA, Frustaci A, Klingel K, Martin P, Hare JM, Cooper LT, Pantazis A, Imazio M, Prasad S, Lüscher TF. Myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccine: incidence, presentation, diagnosis, pathophysiology, therapy, and outcomes put into perspective. A clinical consensus document supported by the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the ESC Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur J Heart Fail 2022; 24:2000-2018. [PMID: 36065751 PMCID: PMC9538893 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 10 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines based on RNA technology, viral vectors, recombinant protein, and inactivated virus have been administered worldwide. Although generally very safe, post-vaccine myocarditis can result from adaptive humoral and cellular, cardiac-specific inflammation within days and weeks of vaccination. Rates of vaccine-associated myocarditis vary by age and sex with the highest rates in males between 12 and 39 years. The clinical course is generally mild with rare cases of left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure and arrhythmias. Mild cases are likely underdiagnosed as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is not commonly performed even in suspected cases and not at all in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients. Hospitalization of symptomatic patients with electrocardiographic changes and increased plasma troponin levels is considered necessary in the acute phase to monitor for arrhythmias and potential decline in left ventricular function. In addition to evaluation for symptoms, electrocardiographic changes and elevated troponin levels, CMR is the best non-invasive diagnostic tool with endomyocardial biopsy being restricted to severe cases with heart failure and/or arrhythmias. The management beyond guideline-directed treatment of heart failure and arrhythmias includes non-specific measures to control pain. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and corticosteroids have been used in more severe cases, with only anecdotal evidence for their effectiveness. In all age groups studied, the overall risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection-related hospitalization and death are hugely greater than the risks from post-vaccine myocarditis. This consensus statement serves as a practical resource for physicians in their clinical practice, to understand, diagnose, and manage affected patients. Furthermore, it is intended to stimulate research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Heidecker
- Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt, Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Noa Dagan
- Clalit Health Services, Clalit Research Institute, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ran Balicer
- Clalit Health Services, Clalit Research Institute, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Urs Eriksson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, GZO - Zurich Regional Health Center, Wetzikon & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrew Coats
- Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Cardiology, German Heart Center, Charité - University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kelle
- Cardiology, German Heart Center, Charité - University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Frustaci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Karin Klingel
- Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pilar Martin
- Cientro Nacional de Investigationes Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Leslie T Cooper
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA, and Cardiology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Antonis Pantazis
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Massimo Imazio
- Cardiothoracic Department, Cardiology, Udine University Health Integrated Agency, Udine, Italy
| | - Sanjay Prasad
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College London, London, UK.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Microbiological and Clinical Findings of SARS-CoV-2 Infection after 2 Years of Pandemic: From Lung to Gut Microbiota. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092143. [PMID: 36140544 PMCID: PMC9498253 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Early recognition and prompt management are crucial for improving survival in COVID-19 patients, and after 2 years of the pandemic, many efforts have been made to obtain an early diagnosis. A key factor is the use of fast microbiological techniques, considering also that COVID-19 patients may show no peculiar signs and symptoms that may differentiate COVID-19 from other infective or non-infective diseases. These techniques were developed to promptly identify SARS-CoV-2 infection and to prevent viral spread and transmission. However, recent data about clinical, radiological and laboratory features of COVID-19 at time of hospitalization could help physicians in early suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection and distinguishing it from other etiologies. The knowledge of clinical features and microbiological techniques will be crucial in the next years when the endemic circulation of SARS-CoV-2 will be probably associated with clusters of infection. In this review we provide a state of the art about new advances in microbiological and clinical findings of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients with a focus on pulmonary and extrapulmonary characteristics, including the role of gut microbiota.
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14
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alexiou A, Mukerjee N, Al-Hamash SMJ, Al-Maiahy TJ, Batiha GES. 5-HT/CGRP pathway and Sumatriptan role in Covid-19. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-26. [PMID: 36042570 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2108996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In Covid-19, there is uncontrolled activation of immune cells with a massive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the development of cytokine storm. These inflammatory changes induce impairment of different organ functions, including the central nervous system (CNS), leading to acute brain injury and substantial changes in the neurotransmitters, including serotonin (5-HT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which have immunomodulatory properties through modulation of central and peripheral immune responses. In Covid-19, 5-HT neurotransmitters and CGRP could contribute to abnormal and atypical vascular reactivity. Sumatriptan is a pre-synaptic 5-HT (5-HT1D and 5-HT1B) agonist and inhibits the release of CGRP. Both 5-HT and CGRP seem to be augmented in Covid-19 due to underlying activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and hyperinflammation. In virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties with inhibition release of 5-HT and CGRP, Sumatriptan may reduce Covid-19 hyperinflammation. Therefore, Sumatriptan might be a novel potential therapeutic strategy in managing Covid-19. In conclusion, Sumatriptan could be an effective therapeutic strategy in managing Covid-19 through modulation of 5-HT neurotransmitters and inhibiting CGRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, AL-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, AL-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
- AFNP Med, Wien, Austria
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Thabat J Al-Maiahy
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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15
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Zhu Z, Zhang G, Li D, Yin X, Wang T. Silencing of specificity protein 1 protects H9c2 cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced injury via binding to the promoter of chemokine CXC receptor 4 and suppressing NF-κB signaling. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3395-3409. [PMID: 35048778 PMCID: PMC8973921 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2026548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled protein receptor CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) has been shown to be involved in the development of sepsis; however, it remains unclear whether CXCR4 participates in the septic myocardial injury. In our study, treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased the expression of specificity protein 1 (SP1) and CXCR4 in H9c2 cells. Notably, a positive association between SP1 and CXCR4 expression was observed in LPS-treated H9c2 cells, and SP1 positively regulated CXCR4 expression in H9c2 cells. Moreover, silencing of SP1 or CXCR4 suppressed LPS-induced inflammation and cell apoptosis in H9c2 cells, as evidenced by the increase in cell viability and decrease in lactate dehydrogenase release, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels, and caspase-3 activity. Additionally, overexpression of CXCR4 abolished the protective effects of SP1 silencing on LPS-induced injury in H9c2 cells. SP1 was also shown to enhance the promoter activity of CXCR4 by directly binding with the binding motif site – 109/–100 in CXCR4 promoter. Besides, downregulation of SP1 or CXCR4 blocked LPS-induced activation of the NF-кB signaling in H9c2 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of NF-кB signaling by DHMEQ abolished LPS-induced myocardial inflammation and apoptosis. In conclusion, silencing of SP1 protected H9c2 cells against LPS-induced injury by binding to the promoter of CXCR4 and suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Hence, our findings provide evidence that manipulation of SP1 or CXCR4 may be an effective approach to promote prevention or recovery of septic myocardial injury, and thereby, may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Guoxiu Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Dahuan Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Xiaojun Yin
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Tianzhong Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003 China
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