The Use of Protective Caregiving to Create Positive Racial-Ethnic Socialization and Mitigate Psychological Outcomes of Racial Discrimination

Exploring adolescent-adult connections, coping, and safety among minoritized youth in neighborhoods impacted by community violence

Dyadic interviews were conducted with 32 youth ages 13-21 and their self-identified key adult supports to illuminate how adult supports help protect youth in communities impacted by high levels of violence. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Youth described choosing social interactions carefully, avoiding high-violence areas, and keeping busy with activities. Many youths discussed the necessity of minimizing contact with peers to avoid violence, resulting in isolation from friends and increased engagement with family at home. Adult supports reflected upon an intergenerational transfer of violence avoidance, safety planning, and coping strategies through sharing their own lived experiences. Dyads highlighted the need for intergenerational programming to address social isolation and build supportive social networks.

Moving suicide prevention upstream by understanding the effect of flourishing on suicidal ideation in midlife: an instrumental variable approach

Prior research has examined the association between flourishing and suicidal ideation, but it is unknown whether this association is causal. Understanding the causality between flourishing and suicidal ideation is important for clinicians and policymakers to determine the value of innovative suicide prevention programs by improving flourishing in at-risk groups. Using a linked nationwide longitudinal sample of 1619 middle-aged adults (mean age 53, 53% female, 88% White) from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), this retrospective cohort study aims to assess the causal relationship between flourishing and suicidal ideation among middle-aged adults in the US. Flourishing is a theory-informed 13-scale index covering three domains: emotional, psychological, and social well-being. Suicidal ideation was self-reported in a follow-up interview conducted after measuring flourishing. We estimated instrumental variable models to examine the potential causal relationship between flourishing and suicidal ideation. High-level flourishing (binary) was reported by 486 (30.0%) individuals, and was associated with an 18.6% reduction in any suicidal ideation (binary) (95% CI, - 29.3- - 8.0). Using alternative measures, a one standard deviation increase in flourishing (z-score) was associated with a 0.518 (95% CI, 0.069, 0.968) standard deviation decrease in suicidal ideation (z-score). Our results suggest that prevention programs that increase flourishing in midlife should result in meaningful reductions in suicide risk. Strengthening population-level collaboration between policymakers, clinical practitioners, and non-medical partners to promote flourishing can support our collective ability to reduce suicide risks across social, economic, and other structural circumstances.

Race, discrimination, and racism as "growing points" for consideration: attachment theory and research with African American families

The author acknowledges attachment theory as a widely accepted analytic paradigm that has generated creative and impactful research for over half a century. This acknowledgment is followed with commentary on what the author considers critically relevant yet unacknowledged topics of inquiry in the attachment literature. The author contends that race, discrimination, and unaddressed systemic racism are the most important issues in the United States today and profoundly affect all areas of African American family life, particularly parenting, parent-child bonds, and other familial relationships in African American families. Suggestions are offered on how attachment research-a psychological, evolutionary, and ethological theory with an eye toward illuminating human universal processes can be advanced by research on race and racism, which emphasizes the critical role of context and culture on child development, parenting, and family life. Furthermore, the author discusses how attachment research can better delineate and measure cultural and contextual variations. Race, discrimination and racism; racial ethnic socialization practices; and the social context of caregiving are highlighted. Measurement and intervention considerations are suggested.