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Bagautdinova D, Wang S, Brito JP, Bylund CL, Edwards C, Silver N, Danan D, Treise D, Maraka S, Hargraves I, Singh Ospina N. Thyroid Cancer Risk Communication in Patients with Thyroid Nodules. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2023; 38:1234-1240. [PMID: 36602695 PMCID: PMC10319912 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-022-02253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate thyroid cancer risk clinician-patient communication among patients receiving usual counseling and counseling enhanced by a conversation aid. A secondary analysis of clinical visit recordings and post-visit surveys obtained during a trial assessing the impact of a conversation aid for patients with thyroid nodules was conducted. We assessed how thyroid cancer risk was communicated, different risk communication strategies between groups, and predictors of accurate cancer risk perception. Fifty-nine patients were analyzed. Most were women (90%) and middle-aged (median 57 years). A verbal description of thyroid cancer risk was present most frequently (83%) and was more frequent in the conversation aid than the usual care group (100% vs. 63%, p < 0.001). A numerical description using percentages was present in 41% of visits and was more frequent in the conversation aid group (59% vs. 19%, p = 0.012). Natural frequencies (7%) and positive/negative framing (10%) were utilized less commonly. Uncertainty about risks was not discussed. No predictors of accurate risk perception were identified. Clinicians most commonly present a verbal description of thyroid cancer risk. Less commonly, natural frequencies, negative/positive framing, or uncertainty is discussed. Clinicians caring for patients with thyroid nodules should be aware of different strategies for communicating thyroid cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diliara Bagautdinova
- College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Center & Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Juan P Brito
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Carma L Bylund
- Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Catherine Edwards
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Room H2, Gainesville, FL, 32606, USA
| | - Natalie Silver
- Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology, Head & Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Deepa Danan
- Ear, Nose & Throat, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Debbie Treise
- College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Spyridoula Maraka
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit in Endocrinology (KER_Endo), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Endocrine Section, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ian Hargraves
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit in Endocrinology (KER_Endo), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Naykky Singh Ospina
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Room H2, Gainesville, FL, 32606, USA.
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Health care professionals overestimate the risk for locoregional recurrences after breast cancer treatment depending on their specialty. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 193:293-303. [PMID: 35279762 PMCID: PMC9090881 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
For the implementation of personalised surveillance, it is important to create more awareness among HCPs with regard to the risk for locoregional recurrences (LRRs). The aim of this study is to evaluate the current awareness and estimations of individual risks for LRRs after completion of primary treatment for breast cancer among health care professionals (HCPs) in the Netherlands, without using any prediction tools.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was performed among 60 HCPs working in breast cancer care in seven Dutch hospitals and 25 general practitioners (GPs). The survey consisted of eleven realistic surgically treated breast cancer cases. HCPs were asked to estimate the 5-year risk for LRRs for each case, which was compared to the estimations by the INFLUENCE-nomogram using one-sample Wilcoxon tests. Differences in estimations between HCPs with different specialities were determined using Kruskal–Wallis tests and Dunn tests.
Results
HCPs tended to structurally overestimate the 5-year risk for LRR on each case. Average overestimations ranged from 4.8 to 26.1%. Groups of HCPs with varying specialities differed significantly in risk estimations. GPs tended to overestimate the risk for LRRs on average the most (15.0%) and medical oncologists had the lowest average overestimation (2.7%).
Conclusions
It is important to create more awareness of the risk for LRRs, which is a pre-requisite for the implementation of personalised surveillance after breast cancer. Besides education for HCPs, the use of prediction models such as the INFLUENCE-nomogram can support in estimating an objective estimate of each individual patient’s risk.
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Fallowfield L, Boyle FM, Travado L, Kiely BE, Jewell P, Aubel D, Cardoso F. Gaps in Care and Support for Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer: A Report From the Advanced Breast Cancer Global Alliance. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:976-984. [PMID: 34156869 PMCID: PMC8457864 DOI: 10.1200/go.21.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although new therapeutic options continue to improve disease-related outcomes in advanced breast cancer (ABC), enhanced focus is needed to improve quality of life for patients currently living with ABC. METHODS In November 2019, a multidisciplinary workshop to explore patient perceptions of their information and support needs was held at the ABC Global Alliance Annual Meeting in Lisbon, Portugal. Ninety-two attendees from 27 countries participated in the workshop. RESULTS Several key unmet needs were identified and discussed in the workshop, including the following: (1) Significant patient knowledge gaps exist related to the diagnosis and management of ABC, and the availability of patient-focused information to support these gaps in knowledge remains limited. (2) The development of meaningful relationships between patients and health care professionals, and the role of patients in decision making, is often overlooked for patients with ABC. (3) Multidisciplinary care approaches are crucial for patients with ABC; however, these often lack effective coordination. (4) Access to clinical trials for ABC also remains limited. (5) Caregivers, friends, and family members do not receive sufficient guidance to support patients with ABC and manage their own well-being. CONCLUSION The variety of unmet needs explored in the workshop demonstrates that patients with ABC still face considerable challenges related to quality of care and support, which will not be resolved until tangible action is taken. Issues highlighted in the workshop should be prioritized by working groups to shape the development of community-based solutions. There is a need for the global community to act proactively to maximize awareness of these ongoing unmet needs and existing resources, while socializing and building new initiatives and resources that will help to close these gaps for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Fallowfield
- Sussex Health Outcomes Research and Education in Cancer (SHORE-C), Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Frances M. Boyle
- Mater Hospital North Sydney, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luzia Travado
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center/Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Belinda E. Kiely
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Dawn Aubel
- Novartis AG, East Hanover, NJ
- Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Fatima Cardoso
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center/Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
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The relationship between the predicted risk of death and psychosocial functioning among women with early-stage breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 186:177-189. [PMID: 33174180 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05992-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many women with early-onset breast cancer experience adverse psychological sequelae which impact on their quality of life. We sought to correlate levels of anxiety and cancer-related distress in women with breast cancer shortly after surgery and one year after treatment with the estimated risk of death. METHODS We studied 596 women with Stage I to III breast cancer. For each woman we estimated the five-year risk of death based on SEER data from 2010 to 2019. For each woman we measured anxiety and cancer-related distress levels shortly after surgery and one year later. RESULTS The mean estimated five-year survival was 95%. At one week post-surgery, 59% of women had a clinically significant level of anxiety and 74% had a clinically significant level of cancer-related distress. There was no correlation between the objective risk of death and the level of anxiety or distress, at one week or at one year. CONCLUSIONS Many women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancers experience significant levels of anxiety and distress. The emotional response to a breast cancer diagnosis is not related to the risk of death per se and other factors should be explored.
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Ciria-Suarez L, Jimenez-Fonseca P, Hernández R, Rogado J, Calderon C. Estimation of Risk of Recurrence and Toxicity Among Oncologists and Patients With Resected Breast Cancer: A Quantitative Study. Front Psychol 2020; 11:540083. [PMID: 33192784 PMCID: PMC7653019 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.540083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shared decision-making regarding adjuvant systemic therapy in breast cancer is based on both properly conveying information about the prognosis of the disease and the benefits and risks of adjuvant treatment, as well as the patient's ability to understand this information. This work proposed to analyze oncologists' and patients' perceptions of the risk of recurrence with and without chemotherapy and toxicity, and the factors influencing said impressions. This was a prospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study that involved 281 breast cancer patients and 23 oncologists. Prognosis (risk of recurrence with and without chemotherapy and risk of severe toxicity with chemotherapy) and shared decision making (SDM) questionnaires were completed by all participants; breast cancer patients also filled out the 18-item Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18). Oncologists' prediction of risk of relapse without and with chemotherapy (30.4 and 13.3%) and risk of severe toxicity (9.8%) were more optimistic than those of breast cancer patients (78.6, 29.6, and 61%, respectively). The greater the severity, the higher the risk of relapse according to the oncologists (p = 0.001); not so for the patients. Older physicians and more experienced ones predicted lower risk of relapse with and without chemotherapy and less severe toxicity than younger doctors and those with less experience (p < 0.001). Oncologists' SDM and their prediction of risk of relapsing with chemotherapy correlated negatively with patients' SDM and their prediction of risk of severe toxicity (p < 0.01). There is a positive correlation between psychological distress (BSI-18) and prognosis of risk of recurrence with chemotherapy in breast cancer patients (p < 0.001). These results stress the importance of improving doctor-patient communication in SDM. In breast cancer patients undergoing treatment with curative intent, expectations of being cured would increase and treatment-related anxiety would decrease by enhancing doctor-patient communication to coincide more with respect to risk of relapse and toxicity, thereby enhancing patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ciria-Suarez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Jimenez-Fonseca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Central University Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Raquel Hernández
- Department of Medical Oncology, Canary University Hospital, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jacobo Rogado
- Department of Medical Oncology, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Caterina Calderon
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Shumway DA, Griffith KA, Hawley ST, Wallner LP, Ward KC, Hamilton AS, Morrow M, Katz SJ, Jagsi R. Patient views and correlates of radiotherapy omission in a population-based sample of older women with favorable-prognosis breast cancer. Cancer 2018; 124:2714-2723. [PMID: 29669187 PMCID: PMC7537366 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The omission of radiotherapy (RT) after lumpectomy is a reasonable option for many older women with favorable-prognosis breast cancer. In the current study, we sought to evaluate patient perspectives regarding decision making about RT. METHODS Women aged 65 to 79 years with AJCC 7th edition stage I and II breast cancer who were reported to the Georgia and Los Angeles County Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries were surveyed (response rate, 70%) regarding RT decisions, the rationale for omitting RT, decision-making values, and understanding of disease recurrence risk. We also surveyed their corresponding surgeons (response rate, 77%). Patient characteristics associated with the omission of RT were evaluated using multilevel, multivariable logistic regression, accounting for patient clustering within surgeons. RESULTS Of 999 patients, 135 omitted RT (14%). Older age, lower tumor grade, and having estrogen receptor-positive disease each were found to be strongly associated with omission of RT in multivariable analyses, whereas the number of comorbidities was not. Non-English speakers were more likely to omit RT (adjusted odds ratio, 5.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-24.5). The most commonly reported reasons for RT omission were that a physician advised the patient that it was not needed (54% of patients who omitted RT) and patient choice (41%). Risk of local disease recurrence was overestimated by all patients: by approximately 2-fold among those who omitted RT and by approximately 8-fold among those who received RT. The risk of distant disease recurrence was overestimated by approximately 3-fold on average. CONCLUSIONS To some extent, decisions regarding RT omission are appropriately influenced by patient age, tumor grade, and estrogen receptor status, but do not appear to be optimally tailored according to competing comorbidities. Many women who are candidates for RT omission overestimate their risk of disease recurrence. Cancer 2018;124:2714-2723. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean A Shumway
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kent A Griffith
- Center for Cancer Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sarah T Hawley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor VA Health Care System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lauren P Wallner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kevin C Ward
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ann S Hamilton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Monica Morrow
- Breast Surgical Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Steven J Katz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Janz NK, Li Y, Zikmund-Fisher BJ, Jagsi R, Kurian AW, An LC, McLeod MC, Lee KL, Katz SJ, Hawley ST. The impact of doctor-patient communication on patients' perceptions of their risk of breast cancer recurrence. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 161:525-535. [PMID: 27943007 PMCID: PMC5513530 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Doctor-patient communication is the primary way for women diagnosed with breast cancer to learn about their risk of distant recurrence. Yet little is known about how doctors approach these discussions. METHODS A weighted random sample of newly diagnosed early-stage breast cancer patients identified through SEER registries of Los Angeles and Georgia (2013-2015) was sent surveys about ~2 months after surgery (Phase 2, N = 3930, RR 68%). We assessed patient perceptions of doctor communication of risk of recurrence (i.e., amount, approach, inquiry about worry). Clinically determined 10-year risk of distant recurrence was established for low and intermediate invasive cancer patients. Women's perceived risk of distant recurrence (0-100%) was categorized into subgroups: overestimation, reasonably accurate, and zero risk. Understanding of risk and patient factors (e.g. health literacy, numeracy, and anxiety/worry) on physician communication outcomes was evaluated in multivariable regression models (analytic sample for substudy = 1295). RESULTS About 33% of women reported that doctors discussed risk of recurrence as "quite a bit" or "a lot," while 14% said "not at all." Over half of women reported that doctors used words and numbers to describe risk, while 24% used only words. Overestimators (OR .50, CI 0.31-0.81) or those who perceived zero risk (OR .46, CI 0.29-0.72) more often said that their doctor did not discuss risk. Patients with low numeracy reported less discussion. Over 60% reported that their doctor almost never inquired about worry. CONCLUSIONS Effective doctor-patient communication is critical to patient understanding of risk of recurrence. Efforts to enhance physicians' ability to engage in individualized communication around risk are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy K Janz
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 2830 SPH1, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA.
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA
| | - Brian J Zikmund-Fisher
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 2830 SPH1, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Allison W Kurian
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, 900 Blake Wilbur, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lawrence C An
- Center for Health Communications Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - M Chandler McLeod
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA
| | - Kamaria L Lee
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Steven J Katz
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sarah T Hawley
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Veterans Administration Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor VA Health Care System, 2215 Fuller Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
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Hawley ST, Janz NK, Griffith KA, Jagsi R, Friese CR, Kurian AW, Hamilton AS, Ward KC, Morrow M, Wallner LP, Katz SJ. Recurrence risk perception and quality of life following treatment of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 161:557-565. [PMID: 28004220 PMCID: PMC5310669 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about different ways of assessing risk of distant recurrence following cancer treatment (e.g., numeric or descriptive). We sought to evaluate the association between overestimation of risk of distant recurrence of breast cancer and key patient-reported outcomes, including quality of life and worry. METHODS We surveyed a weighted random sample of newly diagnosed patients with early-stage breast cancer identified through SEER registries of Los Angeles County & Georgia (2013-14) ~2 months after surgery (N = 2578, RR = 71%). Actual 10-year risk of distant recurrence after treatment was based on clinical factors for women with DCIS & low-risk invasive cancer (Stg 1A, ER+, HER2-, Gr 1-2). Women reported perceptions of their risk numerically (0-100%), with values ≥10% for DCIS & ≥20% for invasive considered overestimates. Perceptions of "moderate, high or very high" risk were considered descriptive overestimates. In our analytic sample (N = 927), we assessed factors correlated with both types of overestimation and report multivariable associations between overestimation and QoL (PROMIS physical & mental health) and frequent worry. RESULTS 30.4% of women substantially overestimated their risk of distant recurrence numerically and 14.7% descriptively. Few factors other than family history were significantly associated with either type of overestimation. Both types of overestimation were significantly associated with frequent worry, and lower QoL. CONCLUSIONS Ensuring understanding of systemic recurrence risk, particularly among patients with favorable prognosis, is important. Better risk communication by clinicians may translate to better risk comprehension among patients and to improvements in QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T Hawley
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Ann Arbor VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor VA Health Care System, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, 4th Floor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Nancy K Janz
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kent A Griffith
- Center for Cancer Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher R Friese
- Department of Systems, Populations, and Leadership, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Allison W Kurian
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ann S Hamilton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin C Ward
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Monica Morrow
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren P Wallner
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven J Katz
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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