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Alabi A, Kokou K, Mahmoudou S, Kavishna R, Nakka SS, Rothenberger S, Musangomunei FP, Olubiyi BF, Bie-Ondo JC, Kabwende AL, Velavan TP, Medaglini D, Nakaya HI, Engler O, Harandi AM, Siegrist CA, Kremsner PG, Agnandji ST. Replication, safety and immunogenicity of the vectored Ebola vaccine rVSV-ΔG-ZEBOV-GP in a sub-Saharan African paediatric population: A randomised controlled, open-label trial in children aged 1-12 years living in Lambaréné, Gabon. J Infect 2024; 89:106237. [PMID: 39121969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike adults, children experienced stronger and longer vector replication in plasma and shedding in saliva following rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP vaccination. The resulting risks of immunosuppression or immune hyperactivation leading to increased Adverse Events (AEs) and altered antibody responses are concerns that have been addressed in the present manuscript. METHODS Children aged 1-12 years living in Gabon received either rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP (ERVEBO®) vaccine or the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine (VZV). The concentration of rVSVΔG vector in blood and saliva, the occurrence of AEs up to day 28; the anti-rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP and anti-VZV IgG antibody titres, neutralising and avidity functions of anti-rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP by day 365; were assessed in serum. (PACTR202005733552021) FINDINGS: In the rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP group, 70% and 7% of children had >0 copies/ml of rVSVΔG respectively in plasma by day 3 and in saliva by day 14 after vaccination, with no detection on day 28. Significantly higher but transient AEs occurred in the rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP group. Both vaccines induced seroconversion on day 28 and sustainable IgG antibody titres by day 365. Avidity and neutralisation functions of the anti-rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP antibodies peaked at day 28 and were maintained by day 365. INTERPRETATION The replication and shedding do not affect the favourable risk-benefit balance of the rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele Alabi
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, CERMEL, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Travel Medicine and Human Parasitology, Competence Centre for Tropical Medicine Baden-Württemberg, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Infectious Diseases Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany; Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kossiwa Kokou
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, CERMEL, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Saidou Mahmoudou
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, CERMEL, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Ranmali Kavishna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sravya S Nakka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sylvia Rothenberger
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 48, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Spiez Laboratory, CH-3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | | | - Bisola F Olubiyi
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, CERMEL, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Juste C Bie-Ondo
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, CERMEL, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Anita L Kabwende
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, CERMEL, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Travel Medicine and Human Parasitology, Competence Centre for Tropical Medicine Baden-Württemberg, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Infectious Diseases Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany; Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, DaNang, Vietnam
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Peter G Kremsner
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, CERMEL, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Travel Medicine and Human Parasitology, Competence Centre for Tropical Medicine Baden-Württemberg, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Infectious Diseases Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Selidji T Agnandji
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, CERMEL, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Travel Medicine and Human Parasitology, Competence Centre for Tropical Medicine Baden-Württemberg, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Infectious Diseases Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Mouzinga FH, Heinzel C, Lissom A, Kreidenweiss A, Batchi‐Bouyou AL, Mbama Ntabi JD, Djontu JC, Ngumbi E, Kremsner PG, Fendel R, Ntoumi F. Mucosal response of inactivated and recombinant COVID-19 vaccines in Congolese individuals. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1116. [PMID: 38156395 PMCID: PMC10751728 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of immunization against an airborne pathogen depends in part on its ability to induce antibodies at the major entry site of the virus, the mucosa. Recent studies have revealed that mucosal immunity is poorly activated after vaccination with messenger RNA vaccines, thus failing in blocking virus acquisition upon its site of initial exposure. Little information is available about the induction of mucosal immunity by inactivated and recombinant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. This study aims to investigate this topic. METHODS Saliva and plasma samples from 440 healthy Congolese were collected including (1) fully vaccinated 2 month postvaccination with either an inactivated or a recombinant COVID-19 vaccine and (2) nonvaccinated control group. Total anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 receptor-binding domain IgG and IgA antibodies were assessed using in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for both specimens. FINDINGS Altogether, the positivity of IgG was significantly higher in plasma than in saliva samples both in vaccinated and nonvaccinated control groups. Inversely, IgA positivity was slightly higher in saliva than in plasma of vaccinated group. The overall IgG and IgA levels were respectively over 103 and 14 times lower in saliva than in plasma samples. We found a strong positive correlation between IgG in saliva and plasma also between IgA in both specimens (r = .70 for IgG and r = .52 for IgA). Interestingly, contrary to IgG, the level of salivary IgA was not different between seropositive control group and seropositive vaccinated group. No significant difference was observed between recombinant and inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in total IgG and IgA antibody concentration release 2 months postvaccination both in plasma and saliva. CONCLUSION Inactivated and recombinant COVID-19 vaccines in use in the Republic of Congo poorly activated mucosal IgA-mediated antibody response 2 months postvaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freisnel H. Mouzinga
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche MédicaleBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
- Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesUniversité Marien NgouabiBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
| | | | - Abel Lissom
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche MédicaleBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of BamendaBamendaCameroon
| | - Andrea Kreidenweiss
- Institute of Tropical MedicineUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL)LambareneGabon
- German Center for Infectious Diseases (DZIF)Partner Site TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Armel L. Batchi‐Bouyou
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche MédicaleBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
- Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesUniversité Marien NgouabiBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
- Global Clinical Scholars Research Training ProgramHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jacques D. Mbama Ntabi
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche MédicaleBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
- Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesUniversité Marien NgouabiBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
| | - Jean C. Djontu
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche MédicaleBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
| | - Etienne Ngumbi
- Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesUniversité Marien NgouabiBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
| | - Peter G. Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical MedicineUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL)LambareneGabon
- German Center for Infectious Diseases (DZIF)Partner Site TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Rolf Fendel
- Institute of Tropical MedicineUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL)LambareneGabon
- German Center for Infectious Diseases (DZIF)Partner Site TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche MédicaleBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
- Institute of Tropical MedicineUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
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