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Martinez-Murillo PA, Huttner A, Lemeille S, Medaglini D, Ottenhoff THM, Harandi AM, Didierlaurent AM, Siegrist CA. Refined innate plasma signature after rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP immunization is shared among adult cohorts in Europe and North America. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1279003. [PMID: 38235127 PMCID: PMC10791923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background During the last decade Ebola virus has caused several outbreaks in Africa. The recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-vectored Zaire Ebola (rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP) vaccine has proved safe and immunogenic but is reactogenic. We previously identified the first innate plasma signature response after vaccination in Geneva as composed of five monocyte-related biomarkers peaking at day 1 post-immunization that correlates with adverse events, biological outcomes (haematological changes and viremia) and antibody titers. In this follow-up study, we sought to identify additional biomarkers in the same Geneva cohort and validate those identified markers in a US cohort. Methods Additional biomarkers were identified using multiplexed protein biomarker platform O-link and confirmed by Luminex. Principal component analysis (PCA) evaluated if these markers could explain a higher variability of the vaccine response (and thereby refined the initial signature). Multivariable and linear regression models evaluated the correlations of the main components with adverse events, biological outcomes, and antibody titers. External validation of the refined signature was conducted in a second cohort of US vaccinees (n=142). Results Eleven additional biomarkers peaked at day 1 post-immunization: MCP2, MCP3, MCP4, CXCL10, OSM, CX3CL1, MCSF, CXCL11, TRAIL, RANKL and IL15. PCA analysis retained three principal components (PC) that accounted for 79% of the vaccine response variability. PC1 and PC2 were very robust and had different biomarkers that contributed to their variability. PC1 better discriminated different doses, better defined the risk of fever and myalgia, while PC2 better defined the risk of headache. We also found new biomarkers that correlated with reactogenicity, including transient arthritis (MCP-2, CXCL10, CXCL11, CX3CL1, MCSF, IL-15, OSM). Several innate biomarkers are associated with antibody levels one and six months after vaccination. Refined PC1 correlated strongly in both data sets (Geneva: r = 0.97, P < 0.001; US: r = 0.99, P< 0.001). Conclusion Eleven additional biomarkers refined the previously found 5-biomarker Geneva signature. The refined signature better discriminated between different doses, was strongly associated with the risk of adverse events and with antibody responses and was validated in a separate cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Andrea Martinez-Murillo
- Center of Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angela Huttner
- Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Research, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Center of Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ali M. Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Vaccine Evaluation Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arnaud M. Didierlaurent
- Center of Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center of Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Vianello E, Persson J, Andersson B, van Veen S, Dias TL, Santoro F, Östensson M, Obudulu O, Agbajogu C, Torkzadeh S, Nakaya HI, Medaglini D, Siegrist CA, Ottenhoff TH, Harandi AM. Global blood miRNA profiling unravels early signatures of immunogenicity of Ebola vaccine rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP. iScience 2023; 26:108574. [PMID: 38162033 PMCID: PMC10755791 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The vectored Ebola vaccine rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP elicits protection against Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). In a study of forty-eight healthy adult volunteers who received either the rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP vaccine or placebo, we profiled intracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) from whole blood cells (WB) and circulating miRNAs from serum-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) at baseline and longitudinally following vaccination. Further, we identified early miRNA signatures associated with ZEBOV-specific IgG antibody responses at baseline and up to one year post-vaccination, and pinpointed target mRNA transcripts and pathways correlated to miRNAs whose expression was altered after vaccination by using systems biology approaches. Several miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) and miRNA signatures predicted high or low IgG ZEBOV-specific antibody levels with high classification performance. The top miRNA discriminators were WB-miR-6810, EV-miR-7151-3p, and EV-miR-4426. An eight-miRNA antibody predictive signature was associated with immune-related target mRNAs and pathways. These findings provide valuable insights into early blood biomarkers associated with rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP vaccine-induced IgG antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Vianello
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Josefine Persson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Andersson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Malin Östensson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ogonna Obudulu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christopher Agbajogu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Torkzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Donata Medaglini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Centre for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tom H.M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ali M. Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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3
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Huttner A, Agnandji ST, Engler O, Hooper JW, Kwilas S, Ricks K, Clements TL, Jonsdottir HR, Nakka SS, Rothenberger S, Kremsner P, Züst R, Medaglini D, Ottenhoff T, Harandi AM, Siegrist CA. Antibody responses to recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-Zaire Ebolavirus vaccination for Ebola virus disease across doses and continents: 5-year durability. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023; 29:1587-1594. [PMID: 37661067 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report 5-year persistence and avidity of antibodies produced by the live-attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) expressing the Zaire Ebolavirus (ZEBOV) glycoprotein (GP), known as rVSV-ZEBOV (Ervebo®). METHODS Healthy adults vaccinated with 300,000 or 10-50 million plaque-forming units of rVSV-ZEBOV in the WHO-coordinated trials of 2014-2015 were followed for up to 4 (Lambaréné, Gabon) and 5 (Geneva, Switzerland) years. We report seropositivity rates, geometric mean titres (GMTs), and population distribution of ZEBOV-GP ELISA IgG antibodies, neutralizing antibodies (pseudovirus and live-virus neutralization) and antibody avidity; the primary outcome was ZEBOV-GP ELISA IgG GMTs at 4 or 5 years compared with 1 year (Y1) after immunization. RESULTS Among the 168 eligible vaccinees (Geneva: 97 and Lambaréné: 71) enrolled 1 year post-immunization, 146 (87%) remained enrolled at 4 years (Geneva: n = 88, Lambaréné: n = 58), and 84 (87%, Geneva) at 5 years post-vaccination. ZEBOV-GP ELISA IgG GMTs plateaued, with no declining trend from 1 year through the last time point assessed (1147.8 [95% CI 874.3-1507.0] at Y1 versus 1548.1 [95% CI 1136.6-2108.5] at Y5 in Geneva volunteers receiving ≥10 million plaque-forming units of rVSV-ZEBOV), their avidity matching that of ZEBOV convalescents. Live-virus neutralizing antibodies were detected for shorter periods and in fewer vaccinees (53/95 [56%] at Y1 versus 35/84 [42%] at Y5 in Geneva volunteers, all dose levels). DISCUSSION Titres at Y1 emerged as a correlate of antibody persistence at Y5. The findings of persistent ZEBOV-GP ELISA IgG titres yet shorter-lasting, lower titres of live-virus neutralizing antibodies suggest the contribution of antibody-mediated protective mechanisms other than neutralization. Long-term clinical efficacy of rVSV-ZEBOV, however, requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Huttner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Clinical Research, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Centre for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Selidji Todagbe Agnandji
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Campus CERMEL, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institut für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Humanparasitologie Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; GermanCenter for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olivier Engler
- Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland
| | - Jay W Hooper
- Foundational Science Directorate, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Steve Kwilas
- Foundational Science Directorate, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Keersten Ricks
- Foundational Science Directorate, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Tamara L Clements
- Foundational Science Directorate, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Hulda R Jonsdottir
- Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland
| | - Sravya Sowdamini Nakka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sylvia Rothenberger
- Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland; Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kremsner
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Campus CERMEL, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institut für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Humanparasitologie Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; GermanCenter for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roland Züst
- Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Tom Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden Hospital Centre and University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Vaccine Evaluation Centre, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Centre for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Gonzalez Dias Carvalho PC, Dominguez Crespo Hirata T, Mano Alves LY, Moscardini IF, do Nascimento APB, Costa-Martins AG, Sorgi S, Harandi AM, Ferreira DM, Vianello E, Haks MC, Ottenhoff THM, Santoro F, Martinez-Murillo P, Huttner A, Siegrist CA, Medaglini D, Nakaya HI. Baseline gene signatures of reactogenicity to Ebola vaccination: a machine learning approach across multiple cohorts. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1259197. [PMID: 38022684 PMCID: PMC10663260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rVSVDG-ZEBOV-GP (Ervebo®) vaccine is both immunogenic and protective against Ebola. However, the vaccine can cause a broad range of transient adverse reactions, from headache to arthritis. Identifying baseline reactogenicity signatures can advance personalized vaccinology and increase our understanding of the molecular factors associated with such adverse events. Methods In this study, we developed a machine learning approach to integrate prevaccination gene expression data with adverse events that occurred within 14 days post-vaccination. Results and Discussion We analyzed the expression of 144 genes across 343 blood samples collected from participants of 4 phase I clinical trial cohorts: Switzerland, USA, Gabon, and Kenya. Our machine learning approach revealed 22 key genes associated with adverse events such as local reactions, fatigue, headache, myalgia, fever, chills, arthralgia, nausea, and arthritis, providing insights into potential biological mechanisms linked to vaccine reactogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Dominguez Crespo Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Yukio Mano Alves
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - André G. Costa-Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Artificial Intelligence and Analytics Department, Institute for Technological Research, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Sorgi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LAMMB), Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ali M. Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniela M. Ferreira
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Eleonora Vianello
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle C. Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Francesco Santoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LAMMB), Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Angela Huttner
- Centre for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Centre for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Helder I. Nakaya
- Scientific Platform Pasteur-University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sartoretti J, Fontannaz P, Martinez de Tejada B, Othenin-Girard V, Chilin A, Lemaître B, Blanchard-Rohner G, Siegrist CA, Eberhardt CS. Influence of Timing of Maternal Pertussis Immunization on the Avidity of Transferred Antibodies in Term and Preterm Neonates. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:645-648. [PMID: 37073575 PMCID: PMC10444006 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The timing of maternal pertussis vaccination influences the titers of cord-blood anti-pertussis antibodies. Whether it affects their avidity is unknown. We demonstrate in 298 term and 72 preterm neonates that antibody avidity is independent of the timing of maternal vaccination, whether comparing second with third trimester or intervals before birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Sartoretti
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department for Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paola Fontannaz
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Begoña Martinez de Tejada
- Department for Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Obstetrics, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Véronique Othenin-Girard
- Department for Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antonina Chilin
- Division of Obstetrics, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Lemaître
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Blanchard-Rohner
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department for Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department for Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Sigrid Eberhardt
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department for Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Vono M, Mastelic-Gavillet B, Mohr E, Östensson M, Persson J, Olafsdottir TA, Lemeille S, Pejoski D, Hartley O, Christensen D, Andersen P, Didierlaurent AM, Harandi AM, Lambert PH, Siegrist CA. C-type lectin receptor agonists elicit functional IL21-expressing Tfh cells and induce primary B cell responses in neonates. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1155200. [PMID: 37063899 PMCID: PMC10102809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionC-type lectin receptor (CLR) agonists emerged as superior inducers of primary B cell responses in early life compared with Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, while both types of adjuvants are potent in adults.MethodsHere, we explored the mechanisms accounting for the differences in neonatal adjuvanticity between a CLR-based (CAF®01) and a TLR4-based (GLA-SE) adjuvant administered with influenza hemagglutinin (HA) in neonatal mice, by using transcriptomics and systems biology analyses.ResultsOn day 7 after immunization, HA/CAF01 increased IL6 and IL21 levels in the draining lymph nodes, while HA/GLA-SE increased IL10. CAF01 induced mixed Th1/Th17 neonatal responses while T cell responses induced by GLA-SE had a more pronounced Th2-profile. Only CAF01 induced T follicular helper (Tfh) cells expressing high levels of IL21 similar to levels induced in adult mice, which is essential for germinal center (GC) formation. Accordingly, only CAF01- induced neonatal Tfh cells activated adoptively transferred hen egg lysozyme (HEL)-specific B cells to form HEL+ GC B cells in neonatal mice upon vaccination with HEL-OVA.DiscussionCollectively, the data show that CLR-based adjuvants are promising neonatal and infant adjuvants due to their ability to harness Tfh responses in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vono
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Maria Vono,
| | - Beatris Mastelic-Gavillet
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elodie Mohr
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Malin Östensson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josefine Persson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Pejoski
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Hartley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Vaccine Adjuvant Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Vaccine Adjuvant Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnaud M. Didierlaurent
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ali M. Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia (BC) Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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7
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Thiriard A, Meyer B, Eberhardt CS, Loevy N, Grazioli S, Adouan W, Fontannaz P, Marechal F, L’Huillier AG, Siegrist CA, Georges D, Putignano A, Marchant A, Didierlaurent AM, Blanchard-Rohner G. Antibody response in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome related to COVID-19 (MIS-C) compared to children with uncomplicated COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107156. [PMID: 37006315 PMCID: PMC10050384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesTo comprehensively analyze the quality of the antibody response between children with Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) and age-matched controls at one month after SARS-CoV-2 exposure, and infected in the same time-period.MethodsSerum from 20 MIS-C children at admission, and 14 control children were analyzed. Antigen specific antibody isotypes and subclasses directed against various antigens of SARS-CoV-2 as well as against human common coronavirus (HCoVs) and commensal or pathogenic microorganisms were assessed by a bead-based multiplexed serological assay and by ELISA. The functionality of these antibodies was also assessed using a plaque reduction neutralization test, a RBD-specific avidity assay, a complement deposition assay and an antibody-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP) assay.ResultsChildren with MIS-C developed a stronger IgA antibody response in comparison to children with uncomplicated COVID-19, while IgG and IgM responses are largely similar in both groups. We found a typical class-switched antibody profile with high level of IgG and IgA titers and a measurable low IgM due to relatively recent SARS-CoV-2 infection (one month). SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies of MIS-C children had higher functional properties (higher neutralization activity, avidity and complement binding) as compared to children with uncomplicated COVID-19. There was no difference in the response to common endemic coronaviruses between both groups. However, MIS-C children had a moderate increase against mucosal commensal and pathogenic strains, reflecting a potential association between a disruption of the mucosal barrier with the disease.ConclusionEven if it is still unclear why some children develop a MIS-C, we show here that MIS-C children produce higher titers of IgA antibodies, and IgG antibodies with higher functionality, which could reflect the local gastro-intestinal mucosal inflammation potentially induced by a sustained SARS-CoV-2 gut infection leading to continuous release of SARS-CoV-2 antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Thiriard
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S. Eberhardt
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Natasha Loevy
- Pediatric Platform for Clinical Research, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Grazioli
- Division of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wafae Adouan
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paola Fontannaz
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Marechal
- Pediatric Platform for Clinical Research, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud G. L’Huillier
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daphnée Georges
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein Folding, Centre for Protein Engineering, InBioS, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Antonella Putignano
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud M. Didierlaurent
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Geraldine Blanchard-Rohner
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Pediatric Immunology and Vaccinology Unit, Children’s Hospital of Geneva, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Geraldine Blanchard-Rohner,
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8
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Ince LM, Barnoud C, Lutes LK, Pick R, Wang C, Sinturel F, Chen CS, de Juan A, Weber J, Holtkamp SJ, Hergenhan SM, Geddes-McAlister J, Ebner S, Fontannaz P, Meyer B, Vono M, Jemelin S, Dibner C, Siegrist CA, Meissner F, Graw F, Scheiermann C. Influence of circadian clocks on adaptive immunity and vaccination responses. Nat Commun 2023; 14:476. [PMID: 36717561 PMCID: PMC9885059 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune response is under circadian control, yet, why adaptive immune reactions continue to exhibit circadian changes over long periods of time is unknown. Using a combination of experimental and mathematical modeling approaches, we show here that dendritic cells migrate from the skin to the draining lymph node in a time-of-day-dependent manner, which provides an enhanced likelihood for functional interactions with T cells. Rhythmic expression of TNF in the draining lymph node enhances BMAL1-controlled ICAM-1 expression in high endothelial venules, resulting in lymphocyte infiltration and lymph node expansion. Lymph node cellularity continues to be different for weeks after the initial time-of-day-dependent challenge, which governs the immune response to vaccinations directed against Hepatitis A virus as well as SARS-CoV-2. In this work, we present a mechanistic understanding of the time-of-day dependent development and maintenance of an adaptive immune response, providing a strategy for using time-of-day to optimize vaccination regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Madeleine Ince
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Coline Barnoud
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lydia Kay Lutes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robert Pick
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Flore Sinturel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chien-Sin Chen
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alba de Juan
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jasmin Weber
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stephan J Holtkamp
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sophia Martina Hergenhan
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jennifer Geddes-McAlister
- Experimental Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Ebner
- Experimental Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Paola Fontannaz
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Vono
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Jemelin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charna Dibner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Felix Meissner
- Experimental Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederik Graw
- BioQuant - Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Scheiermann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany. .,Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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9
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L'Huillier AG, Pagano S, Baggio S, Meyer B, Andrey DO, Nehme M, Guessous I, Eberhardt CS, Huttner A, Posfay-Barbe KM, Yerly S, Siegrist CA, Kaiser L, Vuilleumier N. Autoantibodies against apolipoprotein A-1 after COVID-19 predict symptoms persistence. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13818. [PMID: 35598178 PMCID: PMC9348059 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers different auto-antibodies, including anti-apolipoprotein A-1 IgGs (AAA1), which could be of concern as mediators of persistent symptoms. We determined the kinetics of AAA1 response over after COVID-19 and the impact of AAA1 on the inflammatory response and symptoms persistence. METHODS All serologies were assessed at one, three, six and twelve months in 193 hospital employees with COVID-19. ROC curve analyses and logistic regression models (LRM) were used to determine the prognostic accuracy of AAA1 and their association with patient-reported COVID-19 symptoms persistence at 12 months. Interferon (IFN)-α and-γ production by AAA1-stimulated human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) was assessed in vitro. RESULTS AAA1 seropositivity was 93% at one month and declined to 15% at 12 months after COVID-19. Persistent symptoms at 12 months were observed in 45.1% of participants, with a predominance of neurological (28.5%), followed by general (15%) and respiratory symptoms (9.3%). Over time, strength of correlations between AAA1 and anti-SARS-COV2 serologies decreased, but remained significant. From the 3rd month on, AAA1 levels predicted persistent respiratory symptoms (area under the curves 0.72-0.74; p < 0.001), independently of disease severity, age and gender (adjusted odds ratios 4.81-4.94; p = 0.02), while anti-SARS-CoV-2 serologies did not. AAA1 increased IFN-α production by HMDMs (p = 0.03), without affecting the IFN-γ response. CONCLUSION COVID-19 induces a marked though transient AAA1 response, independently predicting one-year persistence of respiratory symptoms. By increasing IFN-α response, AAA1 may contribute to persistent symptoms. If and how AAA1 levels assessment could be of use for COVID-19 risk stratification remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud G L'Huillier
- Department of Woman, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Pagano
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Baggio
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diego O Andrey
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mayssam Nehme
- Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Idris Guessous
- Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S Eberhardt
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angela Huttner
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Klara M Posfay-Barbe
- Department of Woman, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Yerly
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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Bekliz M, Adea K, Vetter P, Eberhardt CS, Hosszu-Fellous K, Vu DL, Puhach O, Essaidi-Laziosi M, Waldvogel-Abramowski S, Stephan C, L'Huillier AG, Siegrist CA, Didierlaurent AM, Kaiser L, Meyer B, Eckerle I. Neutralization capacity of antibodies elicited through homologous or heterologous infection or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3840. [PMID: 35787633 PMCID: PMC9253337 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants raise questions about escape from previous immunity. As the population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 has become more complex due to prior infections with different variants, vaccinations or the combination of both, understanding the antigenic relationship between variants is needed. Here, we have assessed neutralizing capacity of 120 blood specimens from convalescent individuals infected with ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Alpha, Beta, Gamma or Delta, double vaccinated individuals and patients after breakthrough infections with Delta or Omicron-BA.1. Neutralization against seven authentic SARS-CoV-2 isolates (B.1, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Zeta and Omicron-BA.1) determined by plaque-reduction neutralization assay allowed us to map the antigenic relationship of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Highest neutralization titers were observed against the homologous variant. Antigenic cartography identified Zeta and Omicron-BA.1 as separate antigenic clusters. Substantial immune escape in vaccinated individuals was detected for Omicron-BA.1 but not Zeta. Combined infection/vaccination derived immunity results in less Omicron-BA.1 immune escape. Last, breakthrough infections with Omicron-BA.1 lead to broadly neutralizing sera. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants raise concerns on protective immunity. Here the authors show that convalescent sera from people infected with Alpha, Beta, Gamma or Delta show a significant drop of Omicron-BA.1 neutralization and that vaccine-breakthrough infections with Omicron-BA.1 or Delta result in robust neutralization for both Delta and Omicron-BA.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Bekliz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth Adea
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Vetter
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S Eberhardt
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Krisztina Hosszu-Fellous
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diem-Lan Vu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olha Puhach
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manel Essaidi-Laziosi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Caroline Stephan
- Transfusion Unit, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud G L'Huillier
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud M Didierlaurent
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Isabella Eckerle
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
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11
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Meyer B, Martinez-Murillo PA, Lemaitre B, Blanchard-Rohner G, Didierlaurent AM, Fontannaz P, Eugercios Manzanas C, Lambert PH, Loevy N, Kaiser L, Sartoretti J, Tougne C, Villard J, Huttner A, Siegrist CA, Eberhardt CS. Fitness of B-Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 WT and Variants Up to One Year After Mild COVID-19 – A Comprehensive Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841009. [PMID: 35585978 PMCID: PMC9108245 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo comprehensively evaluate SARS-CoV-2 specific B-cell and antibody responses up to one year after mild COVID-19.MethodsIn 31 mildly symptomatic COVID-19 participants SARS-CoV-2-specific plasmablasts and antigen-specific memory B cells were measured by ELISpot. Binding antibodies directed against the proteins spike (S), domain S1, and nucleocapsid (N) were estimated using rIFA, ELISA, and commercially available assays, and avidity measured using thiocyanate washout. Neutralizing antibodies against variants of concern were measured using a surrogate-neutralization test.ResultsPlasmablast responses were assessed in all participants who gave sequential samples during the first two weeks after infection; they preceded the rise in antibodies and correlated with antibody titers measured at one month. S1 and N protein-specific IgG memory B-cell responses remained stable during the first year, whereas S1-specific IgA memory B-cell responses declined after 6 months. Antibody titers waned over time, whilst potent affinity maturation was observed for anti-RBD antibodies. Neutralizing antibodies against wild-type (WT) and variants decayed during the first 6 months but titers significantly increased for Alpha, Gamma and Delta between 6 months and one year. Therefore, near-similar titers were observed for WT and Alpha after one year, and only slightly lower antibody levels for the Delta variant compared to WT. Anti-RBD antibody responses correlated with the neutralizing antibody titers at all time points, however the predicted titers were 3-fold lower at one year compared to one month.ConclusionIn mild COVID-19, stable levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific memory B cells and antibodies neutralizing current variants of concern are observed up to one year post infection. Care should be taken when predicting neutralizing titers using commercial assays that measure binding antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Meyer
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christiane S. Eberhardt, ; Benjamin Meyer,
| | - Paola Andrea Martinez-Murillo
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Lemaitre
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Blanchard-Rohner
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Pediatric Immunology and Vaccinology Unit, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud M. Didierlaurent
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paola Fontannaz
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Eugercios Manzanas
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Natasha Loevy
- Pediatric Platform for Clinical Research, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julie Sartoretti
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Tougne
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean Villard
- Immunology and Transplant Unit, Division of Nephology and Hypertension, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angela Huttner
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Research, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Pediatric Immunology and Vaccinology Unit, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S. Eberhardt
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christiane S. Eberhardt, ; Benjamin Meyer,
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12
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Madelon N, Heikkilä N, Sabater Royo I, Fontannaz P, Breville G, Lauper K, Goldstein R, Grifoni A, Sette A, Siegrist CA, Finckh A, Lalive PH, Didierlaurent AM, Eberhardt CS. Omicron-Specific Cytotoxic T-Cell Responses After a Third Dose of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Among Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Ocrelizumab. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:399-404. [PMID: 35212717 PMCID: PMC9002341 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.529 (Omicron) escapes neutralizing antibodies elicited after COVID-19 vaccination, while T-cell responses might be better conserved. It is crucial to assess how a third vaccination modifies these responses, particularly for immunocompromised patients with readily impaired antibody responses. OBJECTIVE To determine T-cell responses to the Omicron spike protein in anti-CD20-treated patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) before and after a third messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccination. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this prospective cohort study conducted from March 2021 to November 2021 at the University Hospital Geneva, adults with MS receiving anti-CD20 treatment (ocrelizumab) were identified by their treating neurologists and enrolled in the study. A total of 20 patients received their third dose of messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine and were included in this analysis. INTERVENTIONS Blood sampling before and 1 month after the third vaccine dose. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Quantification of CD4 and CD8 (cytotoxic) T cells specific for the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins of the vaccine strain as well as the Delta and Omicron variants, comparing frequencies before and after the third vaccine dose. RESULTS Of 20 included patients, 11 (55%) were male, and the median (IQR) age was 45.8 (37.8-53.3) years. Spike-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell memory against all variants were maintained in 9 to 12 patients 6 months after their second vaccination, albeit at lower median frequencies against the Delta and Omicron variants compared with the vaccine strain (CD8 T cells: Delta, 83.0%; 95% CI, 73.6-114.5; Omicron, 78.9%; 95% CI, 59.4-100.0; CD4 T cells: Delta, 72.2%; 95% CI, 67.4-90.5; Omicron, 62.5%; 95% CI, 51.0-89.0). A third dose enhanced the number of responders to all variants (11 to 15 patients) and significantly increased CD8 T-cell responses, but the frequencies of Omicron-specific CD8 T cells remained 71.1% (95% CI, 41.6-96.2) of the responses specific to the vaccine strain. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study of patients with MS treated with ocrelizumab, there were robust T-cell responses recognizing spike proteins from the Delta and Omicron variants, suggesting that COVID-19 vaccination in patients taking B-cell-depleting drugs may protect them against serious complications from COVID-19 infection. T-cell response rates increased after the third dose, demonstrating the importance of a booster dose for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Madelon
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nelli Heikkilä
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Irène Sabater Royo
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paola Fontannaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gautier Breville
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kim Lauper
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Goldstein
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla,Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Axel Finckh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrice H. Lalive
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud M. Didierlaurent
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S. Eberhardt
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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13
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Belnoue E, Vogelzang A, Nieuwenhuizen NE, Krzyzaniak MA, Darbre S, Kreutzfeldt M, Wagner I, Merkler D, Lambert PH, Kaufmann SHE, Siegrist CA, Pinschewer DD. Replication-Deficient Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-Vectored Vaccine Candidate for the Induction of T Cell Immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052700. [PMID: 35269842 PMCID: PMC8911050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) represents a major burden to global health, and refined vaccines are needed. Replication-deficient lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (rLCMV)-based vaccine vectors against cytomegalovirus have proven safe for human use and elicited robust T cell responses in a large proportion of vaccine recipients. Here, we developed an rLCMV vaccine expressing the Mtb antigens TB10.4 and Ag85B. In mice, rLCMV elicited high frequencies of polyfunctional Mtb-specific CD8 and CD4 T cell responses. CD8 but not CD4 T cells were efficiently boosted upon vector re-vaccination. High-frequency responses were also observed in neonatally vaccinated mice, and co-administration of rLCMV with Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) vaccines did not result in substantial reciprocal interference. Importantly, rLCMV immunization significantly reduced the lung Mtb burden upon aerosol challenge, resulting in improved lung ventilation. Protection was associated with increased CD8 T cell recruitment but reduced CD4 T cell infiltration upon Mtb challenge. When combining rLCMV with BCG vaccination in a heterologous prime-boost regimen, responses to the rLCMV-encoded Mtb antigens were further augmented, but protection was not significantly different from rLCMV or BCG vaccination alone. This work suggests that rLCMV may show utility for neonatal and/or adult vaccination efforts against pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Belnoue
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; (E.B.); (S.D.); (M.K.); (I.W.); (D.M.); (P.-H.L.); (C.-A.S.)
- W.H.O. Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Vogelzang
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.V.); (N.E.N.); (S.H.E.K.)
| | - Natalie E. Nieuwenhuizen
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.V.); (N.E.N.); (S.H.E.K.)
| | - Magdalena A. Krzyzaniak
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Stephanie Darbre
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; (E.B.); (S.D.); (M.K.); (I.W.); (D.M.); (P.-H.L.); (C.-A.S.)
- W.H.O. Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; (E.B.); (S.D.); (M.K.); (I.W.); (D.M.); (P.-H.L.); (C.-A.S.)
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; (E.B.); (S.D.); (M.K.); (I.W.); (D.M.); (P.-H.L.); (C.-A.S.)
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; (E.B.); (S.D.); (M.K.); (I.W.); (D.M.); (P.-H.L.); (C.-A.S.)
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; (E.B.); (S.D.); (M.K.); (I.W.); (D.M.); (P.-H.L.); (C.-A.S.)
- W.H.O. Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.V.); (N.E.N.); (S.H.E.K.)
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; (E.B.); (S.D.); (M.K.); (I.W.); (D.M.); (P.-H.L.); (C.-A.S.)
- W.H.O. Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Daniel D. Pinschewer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; (E.B.); (S.D.); (M.K.); (I.W.); (D.M.); (P.-H.L.); (C.-A.S.)
- W.H.O. Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-61-207-32-70
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14
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Vianello E, Gonzalez-Dias P, van Veen S, Engele CG, Quinten E, Monath TP, Medaglini D, Santoro F, Huttner A, Dubey S, Eichberg M, Ndungu FM, Kremsner PG, Essone PN, Agnandji ST, Siegrist CA, Nakaya HI, Ottenhoff THM, Haks MC. Transcriptomic signatures induced by the Ebola virus vaccine rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP in adult cohorts in Europe, Africa, and North America: a molecular biomarker study. Lancet Microbe 2022; 3:e113-e123. [PMID: 35544042 PMCID: PMC7613316 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector expressing the Zaire Ebola virus glycoprotein (rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP) vaccine has been reported as safe, immunogenic, and highly protective in a ring vaccination trial. We aimed to identify transcriptomic immune response biomarker signatures induced by vaccination and associated signatures with its immunogenicity and reactogenicity to better understand the potential mechanisms of action of the vaccine. METHODS 354 healthy adult volunteers were vaccinated in randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in Europe (Geneva, Switzerland [November, 2014, to January, 2015]) and North America (USA [Dec 5, 2014, to June 23, 2015]), and dose-escalation trials in Africa (Lambaréné, Gabon [November, 2014, to January, 2015], and Kilifi, Kenya [December, 2014, to January, 2015]) using different doses of the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector expressing the Zaire Ebola virus glycoprotein (rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP; 3 × 105 to 1 × 108 plaque-forming units [pfu]). Longitudinal transcriptomic responses (days 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 28) were measured in whole blood using a targeted gene expression profiling platform (dual-colour reverse-transcriptase multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification) focusing on 144 immune-related genes. The effect of time and dose on transcriptomic response was also assessed. Logistic regression with lasso regularisation was applied to identify host signatures with optimal discriminatory capability of vaccination at day 1 or day 7 versus baseline, whereas random-effects models and recursive feature elimination combined with regularised logistic regression were used to associate signatures with immunogenicity and reactogenicity. FINDINGS Our results indicated that perturbation of gene expression peaked on day 1 and returned to baseline levels between day 7 and day 28. The magnitude of the response was dose-dependent, with vaccinees receiving a high dose (≥9 × 106 pfu) of rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP exhibiting the largest amplitude. The most differentially expressed genes that were significantly upregulated following vaccination consisted of type I and II interferon-related genes and myeloid cell-associated markers, whereas T cell, natural killer cell, and cytotoxicity-associated genes were downregulated. A gene signature associated with immunogenicity (common to all four cohorts) was identified correlating gene expression profiles with ZEBOV-GP antibody titres and a gene signatures associated with reactogenicity (Geneva cohort) was identified correlating gene expression profiles with an adverse event (ie, arthritis). INTERPRETATION Collectively, our results identify and cross-validate immune-related transcriptomic signatures induced by rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP vaccination in four cohorts of adult participants from different genetic and geographical backgrounds. These signatures will aid in the rational development, testing, and evaluation of novel vaccines and will allow evaluation of the effect of host factors such as age, co-infection, and comorbidity on responses to vaccines. FUNDING Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Vianello
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Patricia Gonzalez-Dias
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Carmen G Engele
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Edwin Quinten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Donata Medaglini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Sclavo Vaccines Association, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Santoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Angela Huttner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sheri Dubey
- Department of Vaccine and Biologics Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Michael Eichberg
- Department of Vaccine and Biologics Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Francis M Ndungu
- Department of Biosciences, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paulin N Essone
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Selidji Todagbe Agnandji
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle C Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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15
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Madelon N, Lauper K, Breville G, Sabater Royo I, Goldstein R, Andrey DO, Grifoni A, Sette A, Kaiser L, Siegrist CA, Finckh A, Lalive PH, Didierlaurent AM, Eberhardt CS. Robust T-Cell Responses in Anti-CD20-Treated Patients Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 75:e1037-e1045. [PMID: 34791081 PMCID: PMC8767893 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients treated with anti-CD20 therapy are particularly at risk of developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, little is known regarding COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in this population. METHODS This prospective observational cohort study assesses humoral and T-cell responses after vaccination with 2 doses of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines in patients treated with rituximab for rheumatic diseases or ocrelizumab for multiple sclerosis (n = 37), compared to immunocompetent individuals (n = 22). RESULTS Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibodies were detectable in only 69.4% of patients and at levels that were significantly lower compared to controls who all seroconverted. In contrast to antibodies, Spike (S)-specific CD4 T cells were equally detected in immunocompetent and anti-CD20 treated patients (85-90%) and mostly of a Th1 phenotype. Response rates of S-specific CD8 T cells were higher in ocrelizumab (96.2%) and rituximab-treated patients (81.8%) as compared to controls (66.7%). S-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells were polyfunctional but expressed more effector molecules in patients than in controls. During follow-up, 3 MS patients without SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response had a mild breakthrough infection. One of them had no detectable S-specific T cells after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that patients on anti-CD20 treatment are able to mount potent T-cell responses to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, despite impaired humoral responses. This could play an important role in the reduction of complications of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Madelon
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kim Lauper
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Geneva & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gautier Breville
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Irène Sabater Royo
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Goldstein
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diego O Andrey
- Department of Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Medicine; University Hospital of Geneva & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, and Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva; Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Axel Finckh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Geneva & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrice H Lalive
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva & Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud M Didierlaurent
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S Eberhardt
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, and Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva; Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA,Corresponding author: Christiane S. Eberhardt ()
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16
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Pittet LF, Verolet CM, Michetti P, Gaillard E, Girardin M, Juillerat P, Mottet C, Maillard MH, Siegrist CA, Posfay-Barbe KM. Risk of Vaccine-Preventable Infections in Swiss Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Digestion 2021; 102:956-964. [PMID: 33971650 DOI: 10.1159/000516111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of infection and are frequently not up to date with their immunizations. OBJECTIVES This study aims to review vaccination status and evaluate whether age, disease type, or treatment regimen could predict the absence of seroprotection against selected vaccine-preventable infection in adults with IBD. METHODS Cross-sectional study using questionnaire, immunization records review, and assessment of tetanus-specific, varicella-specific, and measles-specific immunoglobulin G concentrations. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01908283. RESULTS Among the 306 adults assessed (median age 42.7 years old, 70% with Crohn's disease, 78% receiving immunosuppressive treatment), only 33% had an immunization record available. Absence of seroprotection against tetanus (6%) was associated with increasing age and absence of booster dose; absence of seroprotection against varicella (1%) or measles (3%) was exclusively observed in younger patients with Crohn's disease. There was no statistically significant difference in immunoglobulin concentrations among treatment groups. Although vaccinations are strongly recommended in IBD patients, the frequencies of participants with at least 1 dose of vaccine recorded were low for nearly all antigens: tetanus 94%, diphtheria 87%, pertussis 54%, poliovirus 22%, measles-mumps-rubella 47%, varicella-zoster 0%, Streptococcus pneumoniae 5%, Neisseria meningitidis 12%, hepatitis A 41%, hepatitis B 48%, human papillomavirus 5%, and tick-borne encephalitis 6%. CONCLUSIONS Although many guidelines recommend the vaccination of IBD patients, disease prevention through immunization is still often overlooked, including in Switzerland, increasing their risk of vaccine-preventable diseases. Serological testing should be standardized to monitor patients' protection during follow-up as immunity may wane faster in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure F Pittet
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte M Verolet
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Michetti
- Crohn's and Colitis Center, Gastroenterology Beaulieu SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elsa Gaillard
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Girardin
- Department of Medical Specialities, Gastroenterology Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Juillerat
- Service of Gastroenterology, Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Mottet
- Service of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Cantonal, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Michel H Maillard
- Crohn's and Colitis Center, Gastroenterology Beaulieu SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, Centre for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Klara M Posfay-Barbe
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Pagano S, Yerly S, Meyer B, Juillard C, Suh N, Le Terrier C, Daguer JP, Farrera-Soler L, Barluenga S, Piumatti G, Hartley O, Lemaitre B, Eberhardt CS, Siegrist CA, Eckerle I, Stringhini S, Guessous I, Kaiser L, Pugin J, Winssinger N, Vuilleumier N. SARS-CoV-2 infection as a trigger of humoral response against apolipoprotein A-1. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13661. [PMID: 34324704 PMCID: PMC8420318 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unravelling autoimmune targets triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection may provide crucial insights into the physiopathology of the disease and foster the development of potential therapeutic candidate targets and prognostic tools. We aimed at determining (a) the association between anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-apoA-1 humoral response and (b) the degree of linear homology between SARS-CoV-2, apoA-1 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) epitopes. DESIGN Bioinformatics modelling coupled with mimic peptides engineering and competition experiments were used to assess epitopes sequence homologies. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-apoA-1 IgG as well as cytokines were assessed by immunoassays on a case-control (n = 101), an intensive care unit (ICU; n = 126) and a general population cohort (n = 663) with available samples in the pre and post-pandemic period. RESULTS Using bioinformatics modelling, linear sequence homologies between apoA-1, TLR2 and Spike epitopes were identified but without experimental evidence of cross-reactivity. Overall, anti-apoA-1 IgG levels were higher in COVID-19 patients or anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals than in healthy donors or anti-SARS-CoV-2 seronegative individuals (P < .0001). Significant and similar associations were noted between anti-apoA-1, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, cytokines and lipid profile. In ICU patients, anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-apoA-1 seroconversion rates displayed similar 7-day kinetics, reaching 82% for anti-apoA-1 seropositivity. In the general population, SARS-CoV-2-exposed individuals displayed higher anti-apoA-1 IgG seropositivity rates than nonexposed ones (34% vs 16.8%; P = .004). CONCLUSION COVID-19 induces a marked humoral response against the major protein of high-density lipoproteins. As a correlate of poorer prognosis in other clinical settings, such autoimmunity signatures may relate to long-term COVID-19 prognosis assessment and warrant further scrutiny in the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Pagano
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Yerly
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Juillard
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Noémie Suh
- Division of Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals and the University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Le Terrier
- Division of Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals and the University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Daguer
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lluc Farrera-Soler
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Barluenga
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Piumatti
- Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of BioMedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Hartley
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Lemaitre
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S Eberhardt
- Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Eckerle
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Idris Guessous
- Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Pugin
- Division of Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals and the University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Pagano S, Yerly S, Suh N, Le Terrier C, Farrera-Soler L, Piumatti G, Eberhardt CS, Siegrist CA, Eckerle I, Stringhini S, Guessous I, Kaiser L, Pugin J, Winssinger N, Vuilleumier N. Sars-CoV2- infection as a trigger of humoral response against apolipoprotein A-1. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Unravelling autoimmune targets triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection may provide crucial insights in the physiopathology of the disease and foster the development of potential therapeutic candidate targets and prognostic tools. SARS-CoV-2 autoimmune-mediated inflammation have been reported, but the existence of autoantibodies against apolipoprotein A-1 (anti-apoA-1 IgG) in COVID-19 remains unexplored. Anti-apoA-1 IgGs have emerged as an independent biomarker for cardiovascular disease and mortality in humans with proinflammatory and proatherogenic functions in vivo and in vitro.
Purpose
We want to determine i) the degree of homology between SARS-CoV-2, apoA-1, and Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) epitopes, ii) the association between anti-SARSCoV2 and anti-apoA-1 IgGs, and iii) their relationship to prognosis.
Methods
We performed bioinformatics modelling coupled with mimetic peptides engineering, as well as functional and competition assays with antibodies to identify molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2, apoA-1 and TLR2 epitopes. Anti-Spike domain 1 (SD1) IgGs, anti-apoA-1 IgGs and against mimic peptides, as well as cytokines were assessed by immunoassays on a case-control (n=101), an intensive care unit (ICU; n=126) with a 28-days follow-up for overall mortality, and a general population cohort (n=663) with available samples in the pre and post-pandemic period.
Results
Linear sequence homologies and antibodies cross-reactivity between apoA-1, TLR2, and Spike epitopes were identified. Overall, anti-apoA-1 IgG levels were higher in COVID-19 patients or anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals than in healthy donors or anti-SARS-CoV-2 seronegative individuals (p<0.0001). Significant and similar associations were noted between anti-apoA-1, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, cytokines, and lipid profile. In ICU patients, anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-apoA-1 seroconversion rates displayed similar 7-days kinetics, reaching 82% for anti-apoA-1 seropositivity. C-statistics (CS) indicated that baseline anti-Spike/TLR2 mimic-peptide IgGs displayed a significant prognostic accuracy for overall mortality at 28 days (CS: 0.64; p=0.02). In the general population, SARS-CoV-2 exposure increased baseline anti-apoA-1 IgG levels.
Conclusions
COVID-19 induces a marked humoral response against the major protein of high-density lipoproteins. As a correlate of poorer prognosis in other clinical settings, such autoimmunity signatures may relate to long-term COVID-19 prognosis assessment and warrant further scrutiny in the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): This study was funded by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Swiss School of Public Health (Corona Immunitas research program), the Fondation de Bienfaisance du Groupe Pictet, the Fondation Ancrage, the Fondation Privée des HUG, and the Center for Emerging Viral Diseases. The De Reuter (grant Nr 657) and the Schmidheiny Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pagano
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Yerly
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Suh
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Le Terrier
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - G Piumatti
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - C A Siegrist
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - I Eckerle
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Stringhini
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - I Guessous
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Kaiser
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Pugin
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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19
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Vu DL, Martinez-Murillo P, Pigny F, Vono M, Meyer B, Eberhardt CS, Lemeille S, Von Dach E, Blanchard-Rohner G, Eckerle I, Huttner A, Siegrist CA, Kaiser L, Didierlaurent AM. Longitudinal Analysis of Inflammatory Response to SARS-CoV-2 in the Upper Respiratory Tract Reveals an Association with Viral Load, Independent of Symptoms. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:1723-1732. [PMID: 34581925 PMCID: PMC8476983 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to high viral loads in the upper respiratory tract that may be determinant in virus dissemination. The extent of intranasal antiviral response in relation to symptoms is unknown. Understanding how local innate responses control virus is key in the development of therapeutic approaches. Methods SARS-CoV-2-infected patients were enrolled in an observational study conducted at the Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland, investigating virological and immunological characteristics. Nasal wash and serum specimens from a subset of patients were collected to measure viral load, IgA specific for the S1 domain of the spike protein, and a cytokine panel at different time points after infection; cytokine levels were analyzed in relation to symptoms. Results Samples from 13 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and six controls were analyzed. We found an increase in CXCL10 and IL-6, whose levels remained elevated for up to 3 weeks after symptom onset. SARS-CoV-2 infection also induced CCL2 and GM-CSF, suggesting local recruitment and activation of myeloid cells. Local cytokine levels correlated with viral load but not with serum cytokine levels, nor with specific symptoms, including anosmia. Some patients had S1-specific IgA in the nasal cavity while almost none had IgG. Conclusion The nasal epithelium is an active site of cytokine response against SARS-CoV-2 that can last more than 2 weeks; in this mild COVID-19 cohort, anosmia was not associated with increases in any locally produced cytokines. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10875-021-01134-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diem-Lan Vu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
- University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Paola Martinez-Murillo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Pigny
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Vono
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S Eberhardt
- University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elodie Von Dach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Blanchard-Rohner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Unit of Immunology and Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Eckerle
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angela Huttner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud M Didierlaurent
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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20
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Andrey DO, Yerly S, Meyer B, Arm-Vernez I, Roux-Lombard P, Togni G, Guessous I, Spechbach H, Stringhini S, Agoritsas T, Stirnemann J, Reny JL, Siegrist CA, Eckerle I, Kaiser L, Vuilleumier N. Head-to-Head Evaluation of Five Automated SARS-CoV-2 Serology Immunoassays in Various Prevalence Settings. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081605. [PMID: 33920076 PMCID: PMC8069412 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the diagnostic performances of five automated anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays, Epitope (N), Diasorin (S1/S2), Euroimmun (S1), Roche N (N), and Roche S (S-RBD), and to provide a testing strategy based on pre-test probability. Methods: We assessed the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) areas under the curve (AUC) values, along with the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPVs), and negative predictive values (NPVs), of each assay using a validation sample set of 172 COVID-19 sera and 185 negative controls against a validated S1-immunofluorescence as a reference method. The three assays displaying the highest AUCs were selected for further serodetection of 2033 sera of a large population-based cohort. Results: In the validation analysis (pre-test probability: 48.1%), Roche N, Roche S and Euroimmun showed the highest discriminant accuracy (AUCs: 0.99, 0.98, and 0.98) with PPVs and NPVs above 96% and 94%, respectively. In the population-based cohort (pre-test probability: 6.2%) these three assays displayed AUCs above 0.97 and PPVs and NPVs above 90.5% and 99.4%, respectively. A sequential strategy using an anti-S assay as screening test and an anti-N as confirmatory assays resulted in a 96.7% PPV and 99.5% NPV, respectively. Conclusions: Euroimmun and both Roche assays performed equally well in high pre-test probability settings. At a lower prevalence, sequentially combining anti-S and anti-N assays resulted in the optimal trade-off between diagnostic performances and operational considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego O. Andrey
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (S.Y.); (I.A.-V.); (P.R.-L.); (L.K.); (N.V.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-223729800; Fax: +41-223729830
| | - Sabine Yerly
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (S.Y.); (I.A.-V.); (P.R.-L.); (L.K.); (N.V.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.M.); (C.-A.S.)
| | - Isabelle Arm-Vernez
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (S.Y.); (I.A.-V.); (P.R.-L.); (L.K.); (N.V.)
| | - Pascale Roux-Lombard
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (S.Y.); (I.A.-V.); (P.R.-L.); (L.K.); (N.V.)
- Division of Immunology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Togni
- Unilabs, Central Laboratory Collection Centers, 1296 Coppet, Switzerland;
| | - Idris Guessous
- Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.G.); (H.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Hervé Spechbach
- Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.G.); (H.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.G.); (H.S.); (S.S.)
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Agoritsas
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.A.); (J.S.); (J.-L.R.)
| | - Jérôme Stirnemann
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.A.); (J.S.); (J.-L.R.)
| | - Jean-Luc Reny
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.A.); (J.S.); (J.-L.R.)
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.M.); (C.-A.S.)
- Department of Childhood and Adolescence, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Eckerle
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (S.Y.); (I.A.-V.); (P.R.-L.); (L.K.); (N.V.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (S.Y.); (I.A.-V.); (P.R.-L.); (L.K.); (N.V.)
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21
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Huttner A, Lascano AM, Roth S, Schwob JM, Eperon G, Siegrist CA, Lalive PH. Rabies vaccination and multiple sclerosis relapse: A retrospective cohort study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 51:102906. [PMID: 33827005 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No studies assessing rabies vaccine (RV) tolerability in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) have been conducted. Given the lack of safety data, RV is recommended essentially only for post-exposure prophylaxis, which is difficult to administer effectively in many rabies-endemic countries. We sought to determine whether RV administration as pre-exposure prophylaxis was associated with MS relapse. METHODS This retrospective cohort study compared the clinical courses of MS patients in the year before and after rabies vaccination. The year before vaccination was defined as the pre-exposure risk period, the three months thereafter as the exposure-risk period, and the following nine months as the post-risk period. All adult MS patients immunized with RV between 2014 and 2018 and with available medical records in the two-year window were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of symptomatic MS relapse in the exposure-risk period versus the pre-exposure period. RESULTS Fifty-five patients received at least one dose of RV. Most (38/55, 69%) were female; mean age was 38.5 years (SD ±9.2). While 21 (38%) patients experienced 24 relapses in the year before vaccination, only three (5%) experienced one relapse each in the post-vaccination exposure-risk period; three others (5%) experienced a total of four relapses in the subsequent post-risk period. The annualized relapse rates in the pre-exposure, exposure-risk, and post-risk periods were 0.44, 0.22, and 0.10, respectively (rate ratio for exposure-risk to pre-exposure periods, 0.509 [95% CI 0.098-1.677]). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, rabies vaccination was not associated with clinical MS relapse. Larger, prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Huttner
- Center for Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Agustina M Lascano
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Unit of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Roth
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Unit of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Schwob
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Eperon
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrice H Lalive
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Unit of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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22
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Vetter P, Cordey S, Schibler M, Vieux L, Despres L, Laubscher F, Andrey DO, Martischang R, Harbarth S, Cuvelier C, Bekliz M, Eckerle I, Siegrist CA, Didierlaurent AM, Eberhardt CS, Meyer B, Kaiser L. Clinical, virologic and immunologic features of a mild case of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:S1198-743X(21)00085-9. [PMID: 33618012 PMCID: PMC7896115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report a case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection 6 months after the first infection in a young healthy female physician. Both episodes led to mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS SARS-CoV-2 infections were detected by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) on nasopharyngeal specimens. Reinfection was confirmed by whole-genome sequencing. Kinetics of total anti-S receptor binding domain immunoglobulins (Ig anti-S RBD), anti-nucleoprotein (anti-N) and neutralizing antibodies were determined in serial serum samples retrieved during both infection episodes. Memory B-cell responses were assessed at day 12 after reinfection. RESULTS Whole-genome sequencing identified two different SARS-CoV-2 genomes both belonging to clade 20A, with only one nonsynonymous mutation in the spike protein and clustered with viruses circulating in Geneva (Switzerland) at the time of each of the corresponding episodes. Seroconversion was documented with low levels of total Ig anti-S RBD and anti-N antibodies at 1 month after the first infection, whereas neutralizing antibodies quickly declined after the first episode and then were boosted by the reinfection, with high titres detectable 4 days after symptom onset. A strong memory B-cell response was detected at day 12 after onset of symptoms during reinfection, indicating that the first episode elicited cellular memory responses. CONCLUSIONS Rapid decline of neutralizing antibodies may put medical personnel at risk of reinfection, as shown in this case. However, reinfection leads to a significant boosting of previous immune responses. Larger cohorts of reinfected subjects with detailed descriptions of their immune responses are needed to define correlates of protection and their duration after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Vetter
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Samuel Cordey
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Schibler
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laure Vieux
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lena Despres
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Laubscher
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diego O Andrey
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Romain Martischang
- Infection Control Division, WHO Collaborating Center for Patient Safety, Geneva University Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- Infection Control Division, WHO Collaborating Center for Patient Safety, Geneva University Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clémence Cuvelier
- Division of Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Meriem Bekliz
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Eckerle
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland; Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud M Didierlaurent
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland; Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S Eberhardt
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Eberhardt CS, Siegrist CA. [Do we need a pediatric COVID-19 vaccine?]. Rev Med Suisse 2021; 17:353-357. [PMID: 33599412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Considerable efforts have been undertaken to quickly develop COVID-19 vaccines that protect vulnerable adults against severe disease and thus limit the socio-economic and public health impact of the current pandemic. To justify COVID-19 vaccination for the pediatric population, which rarely suffers from severe COVID-19, vaccines will need to have fully demonstrated safety and efficacy in preventing complications and viral transmission. This article summarizes the different vaccine platforms that are currently being tested and discusses practical and ethical aspects of childhood COVID-19 vaccination. It also examines the already deleterious effects of the pandemic on routine childhood vaccine coverage and insists on the imperative to vaccinate all children timely as recommended by national immunization programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane S Eberhardt
- Centre de vaccinologie, HUG, 1211 Genève 14
- Centre de vaccinologie et d'immunologie néonatale, Département de pathologie et immunologie et Département de pédiatrie générale, Faculté de médecine, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, États-Unis
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Centre de vaccinologie, HUG, 1211 Genève 14
- Centre de vaccinologie et d'immunologie néonatale, Département de pathologie et immunologie et Département de pédiatrie générale, Faculté de médecine, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4
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24
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L'Huillier AG, Meyer B, Andrey DO, Arm-Vernez I, Baggio S, Didierlaurent A, Eberhardt CS, Eckerle I, Grasset-Salomon C, Huttner A, Posfay-Barbe KM, Royo IS, Pralong JA, Vuilleumier N, Yerly S, Siegrist CA, Kaiser L. Antibody persistence in the first 6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospital workers: a prospective longitudinal study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:S1198-743X(21)00031-8. [PMID: 33482352 PMCID: PMC7816882 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate longitudinally the persistence of humoral immunity for up to 6 months in a cohort of hospital employees with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS We measured anti-RBD (receptor binding domain of viral spike protein), anti-N (viral nucleoprotein) and neutralizing antibodies at 1, 3 and 6 months after mostly mild COVID-19 in 200 hospital workers using commercial ELISAs and a surrogate virus neutralization assay. RESULTS Antibodies specific for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) persisted in all participants for up to 6 months. Anti-RBD geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) progressively increased between months 1 (74.2 U/mL, 95%CI: 62.7-87.8), 3 (103.2 U/mL, 95%CI: 87.9-121.2; p < 0.001), and 6 (123.3 U/mL, 95%CI: 103.4-147.0; p < 0.001) in the whole cohort. Anti-N antibodies were detectable in >97% at all times. Neutralizing antibodies were detectable in 99.5% of participants (195/196) at 6 months post infection. Their GMC progressively decreased between months 1 (20.1 AU/mL, 95%CI: 16.9-24.0), 3 (15.2 AU/mL, 95%CI: 13.2-17.6; p < 0.001) and 6 (9.4 AU/mL, 95%CI: 7.7-11.4; p < 0.001). RBD-ACE2-inhibiting antibody titres and anti-RBD antibody concentrations strongly correlated at each timepoint (all r > 0.86, p < 0.001). Disease severity was associated with higher initial anti-RBD and RBD-ACE2-inhibiting antibody titres, but not with their kinetics. CONCLUSIONS Neutralizing antibodies persisted at 6 months in almost all participants, indicating more durability than initially feared. Anti-RBD antibodies persisted better and even increased over time, possibly related to the preferential detection of progressively higher-affinity antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud G L'Huillier
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 6 rue Willy-Donze, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland; Laboratory of Virology, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diego O Andrey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneve 4, Geneva Switzerland; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Arm-Vernez
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Baggio
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland; Office of Corrections, Department of Justice and Home Affairs of the Canton of Zurich, Postfach Hohlstrasse 552, 8090 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Didierlaurent
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S Eberhardt
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, 7 1st Ave, 30317 Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Isabella Eckerle
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneve 4, Geneva Switzerland; Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland
| | - Carole Grasset-Salomon
- Paediatric Clinical Research Platform, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 6 rue Willy-Donze, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland
| | - Angela Huttner
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneve 4, Geneva Switzerland
| | - Klara M Posfay-Barbe
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 6 rue Willy-Donze, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland; Paediatric Clinical Research Platform, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 6 rue Willy-Donze, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland
| | - Irene Sabater Royo
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques A Pralong
- Occupational Health Service and Pulmonary Division, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Yerly
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneve 4, Geneva Switzerland; Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland
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Eberhardt CS, Siegrist CA. Is there a role for childhood vaccination against COVID-19? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:9-16. [PMID: 33113210 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous efforts are undertaken to quickly develop COVID-19 vaccines that protect vulnerable individuals from severe disease and thereby limit the health and socioeconomic impacts of the pandemic. Potential candidates are tested in adult populations, and questions arise of whether COVID-19 vaccination should be implemented in children. Compared to adults, the incidence and disease severity of COVID-19 are low in children, and despite their infectiveness, their role in disease propagation is limited. Therefore, COVID-19 vaccines will need to have fully demonstrated safety and efficacy in preventing not only complications but transmission to justify childhood vaccination. This work summarizes currently tested vaccine platforms and debates practical and ethical considerations for their potential use in children. It also discusses the already deleterious effect of the pandemic on routine childhood vaccine coverage, calling for action to limit the risks for a rise in vaccine-preventable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Sigrid Eberhardt
- Center for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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26
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Vetter P, Eberhardt CS, Meyer B, Martinez Murillo PA, Torriani G, Pigny F, Lemeille S, Cordey S, Laubscher F, Vu DL, Calame A, Schibler M, Jacquerioz F, Blanchard-Rohner G, Siegrist CA, Kaiser L, Didierlaurent AM, Eckerle I. Daily Viral Kinetics and Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Assessment in COVID-19: a Case Series. mSphere 2020; 5:e00827-20. [PMID: 33177214 PMCID: PMC7657589 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00827-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral shedding patterns and their correlations with immune responses are still poorly characterized in mild coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19). We monitored shedding of viral RNA and infectious virus and characterized the immune response kinetics of the first five patients quarantined in Geneva, Switzerland. High viral loads and infectious virus shedding were observed from the respiratory tract despite mild symptoms, with isolation of infectious virus and prolonged positivity by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) until days 7 and 19 after symptom onset, respectively. Robust innate responses characterized by increases in activated CD14+ CD16+ monocytes and cytokine responses were observed as early as 2 days after symptom onset. Cellular and humoral severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2-specific adaptive responses were detectable in all patients. Infectious virus shedding was limited to the first week after symptom onset. A strong innate response, characterized by mobilization of activated monocytes during the first days of infection and SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, was detectable even in patients with mild disease.IMPORTANCE This work is particularly important because it simultaneously assessed the virology, immunology, and clinical presentation of the same subjects, whereas other studies assess these separately. We describe the detailed viral and immune profiles of the first five patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 and quarantined in Geneva, Switzerland. Viral loads peaked at the very beginning of the disease, and infectious virus was shed only during the early acute phase of disease. No infectious virus could be isolated by culture 7 days after onset of symptoms, while viral RNA was still detectable for a prolonged period. Importantly, we saw that all patients, even those with mild symptoms, mount an innate response sufficient for viral control (characterized by early activated cytokines and monocyte responses) and develop specific immunity as well as cellular and humoral SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive responses, which already begin to decline a few months after the resolution of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Vetter
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S Eberhardt
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of General Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paola Andrea Martinez Murillo
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Torriani
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Pigny
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Cordey
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Laubscher
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diem-Lan Vu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adrien Calame
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Schibler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frederique Jacquerioz
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Blanchard-Rohner
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of General Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of General Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud M Didierlaurent
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Isabella Eckerle
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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27
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Auderset F, Belnoue E, Mastelic-Gavillet B, Lambert PH, Siegrist CA. A TLR7/8 Agonist-Including DOEPC-Based Cationic Liposome Formulation Mediates Its Adjuvanticity Through the Sustained Recruitment of Highly Activated Monocytes in a Type I IFN-Independent but NF-κB-Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2020; 11:580974. [PMID: 33262759 PMCID: PMC7686571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel adjuvants, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) agonists, are needed for the development of new formulations able to circumvent limitations of current vaccines. Among TLRs, TLR7/8 agonists represent promising candidates, as they are well described to enhance antigen-specific antibody responses and skew immunity toward T helper (TH) 1 responses. We find here that the incorporation of the synthetic TLR7/8 ligand 3M-052 in a cationic DOEPC-based liposome formulation shifts immunity toward TH1 responses and elicits strong and long-lasting germinal center and follicular T helper cell responses in adult mice. This reflects the prolonged recruitment of innate cells toward the site of immunization and homing of activated antigen-loaded monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells toward draining lymph nodes. We further show that this adjuvanticity is independent of type I IFN but NF-κB-dependent. Overall, our data identify TLR7/8 agonists incorporated in liposomes as promising and effective adjuvants to enhance TH1 and germinal center responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Auderset
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elodie Belnoue
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Beatris Mastelic-Gavillet
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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28
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Pejoski D, de Rham C, Martinez-Murillo P, Santoro F, Auderset F, Medaglini D, Pozzi G, Vono M, Lambert PH, Huttner A, Haks MC, Ottenhoff THM, Villard J, Siegrist CA. Erratum: Author Correction: Rapid dose-dependent Natural Killer (NK) cell modulation and cytokine responses following human rVSV-ZEBOV Ebolavirus vaccination. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:93. [PMID: 33083028 PMCID: PMC7538936 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Pejoski
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Casimir de Rham
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Immunology and Transplantation Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paola Martinez-Murillo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Santoro
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Floriane Auderset
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gianni Pozzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Vono
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angela Huttner
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Infectious Diseases Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mariëlle C Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jean Villard
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Immunology and Transplantation Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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29
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Andrey DO, Cohen P, Meyer B, Torriani G, Yerly S, Mazza L, Calame A, Arm-Vernez I, Guessous I, Stringhini S, Roux-Lombard P, Fontao L, Agoritsas T, Stirnemann J, Reny JL, Siegrist CA, Eckerle I, Kaiser L, Vuilleumier N. Diagnostic accuracy of Augurix COVID-19 IgG serology rapid test. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13357. [PMID: 32691863 PMCID: PMC7404380 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To validate the diagnostic accuracy of the Augurix SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG rapid immunoassay diagnostic test (RDT) for COVID-19. METHODS In this unmatched 1:1 case-control study, blood samples from 46 real-time RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized cases and 45 healthy donors (negative controls) were studied. Diagnostic accuracy of the IgG RDT was assessed against both an in-house recombinant spike-expressing immunofluorescence assay (rIFA), as an established reference method (primary endpoint), and the Euroimmun SARS-CoV-2 IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) (secondary endpoint). RESULTS COVID-19 patients were more likely to be male (61% vs 20%; P = .0001) and older (median 66 vs 47 years old; P < .001) than controls. Whole blood IgG-RDT results showed 86% and 93% overall Kendall concordance with rIFA and IgG ELISA, respectively. IgG RDT performances were similar between plasma and whole blood. Overall, RDT sensitivity was 88% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 70-96), specificity 98% (95%CI: 90-100), PPV 97% (95%CI: 80-100) and NPV 94% (95%CI: 84-98). The IgG-RDT carried out from 0 to 6 days, 7 to 14 days and > 14 days after the SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test displayed 30%, 73% and 100% positivity rates in the COVID-19 group, respectively. When considering samples taken >14 days after RT-PCR diagnosis, NPV was 100% (95%CI:90-100), and PPV was 100% (95%CI:72-100). CONCLUSIONS The Augurix IgG-RDT done in whole blood displays a high diagnostic accuracy for SARS-CoV-2 IgG in high COVID-19 prevalence settings, where its use could be considered in the absence of routine diagnostic serology facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego O Andrey
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Cohen
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Torriani
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Yerly
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lena Mazza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adrien Calame
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Arm-Vernez
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Idris Guessous
- Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Roux-Lombard
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Immunology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Fontao
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Dermatology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Agoritsas
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jerôme Stirnemann
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Reny
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Childhood and Adolescence, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Eckerle
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
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30
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Chatzis O, Blanchard-Rohner G, Mondoulet L, Pelletier B, De Gea-Hominal A, Roux M, Huttner A, Hervé PL, Rohr M, Matthey A, Gutknecht G, Lemaître B, Hayem C, Pham HT, Wijagkanalan W, Lambert PH, Benhamou PH, Siegrist CA. Safety and immunogenicity of the epicutaneous reactivation of pertussis toxin immunity in healthy adults: a phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 27:878-885. [PMID: 32896653 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Protection induced by acellular vaccines can be short, requiring novel immunization strategies. Objectives of this study were to evaluate safety and capacity of a recombinant pertussis toxin (PTgen) -coated Viaskin® epicutaneous patch to recall memory responses in healthy adults. METHODS This double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial (Phase I) assessed the safety and immunogenicity of PTgen administered on days 0 and 14 to healthy adults using Viaskin® patches applied directly or after epidermal laser-based skin preparation. Patch administration was followed by Boostrix®dTpa on day 42. Antibodies were assessed at days 0, 14, 28, 42 and 70. RESULTS Among 102 volunteers enrolled, 80 received Viaskin-PT (Viaskin-PT 25 μg (n = 25), Viaskin-PT 50 μg (n = 25), laser + Viaskin-PT 25 μg (n = 5), laser + Viaskin-PT 50 μg (n = 25)), Viaskin-placebo (n = 10) or laser + Viaskin-placebo (n = 2). Incidence of adverse events was similar across groups (any local event: 21/25 (84.0%), 24/25 (96.0%), 4/5 (80.0%), 24/25 (96.0%), 8/10 (80.0%), 10/12 (83.0%), respectively). Direct application induced no detectable response. On day 42, PT-IgG geometric mean concentrations were significantly higher following laser + Viaskin-PT 25 μg and 50 μg (139.87 (95% CI 87.30-224.10) and 121.76 (95% CI 95.04-156.00), respectively), than laser + Viaskin-placebo (59.49, 95% CI 39.37-89.90). Seroresponse rates were higher following laser + Viaskin-PT 25 μg (4/5 (80.0%), 95% CI 28.4-99.5) and 50 μg (22/25 (88.0%), 95% CI 68.8-97.5) than laser + Viaskin-placebo (0/12 (0.0%), 95% CI 0.0-26.5). CONCLUSIONS Viaskin-PT applied after laser-based epidermal skin preparation showed encouraging safety and immunogenicity results: anti-PT booster responses were not inferior to those elicited by Boostrix®dTpa. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03035370) and was funded by DBV Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Chatzis
- Centre for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Blanchard-Rohner
- Centre for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Division of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - A De Gea-Hominal
- Centre for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Roux
- DBV Technologies, Montrouge, France
| | - A Huttner
- Centre for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - M Rohr
- Division of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Matthey
- Centre for Clinical Research, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Gutknecht
- Centre for Clinical Research, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Lemaître
- Laboratory of Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Hayem
- DBV Technologies, Montrouge, France
| | - H T Pham
- BioNet-Asia Co., Ltd, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - P H Lambert
- Centre for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - C A Siegrist
- Centre for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Division of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland.
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31
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Andrey DO, Cohen P, Meyer B, Torriani G, Yerly S, Mazza L, Calame A, Arm-Vernez I, Guessous I, Stringhini S, Roux-Lombard P, Fontao L, Agoritsas T, Stirnemann J, Reny JL, Siegrist CA, Eckerle I, Kaiser L, Vuilleumier N. Head-to-Head Accuracy Comparison of Three Commercial COVID-19 IgM/IgG Serology Rapid Tests. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082369. [PMID: 32722191 PMCID: PMC7463984 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Comparative data of SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG serology rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) is scarce. We thus performed a head-to-head comparison of three RDTs. Methods: In this unmatched case-control study, blood samples from 41 RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases and 50 negative controls were studied. The diagnostic accuracy of three commercially available COVID-19 RDTs: NTBIO (RDT-A), Orient-Gene (RDT-B), and MEDsan (RDT-C), against both a recombinant spike-expressing immunofluorescence assay (rIFA) and Euroimmun IgG ELISA, was assessed. RDT results concordant with the reference methods, and between whole blood and plasma, were established by the Kendall coefficient. Results: COVID-19 cases’ median time from RT-PCR to serology was 22 days (interquartile range (IQR) 13–31 days). Whole-blood IgG detection with RDT-A, -B, and -C showed 0.93, 0.83, and 0.98 concordance with rIFA. Against rIFA, RDT-A sensitivity (SN) was 92% (95% CI: 78–98) and specificity (SP) 100% (95% CI: 91–100), RDT-B showed 87% SN (95% CI: 72–95) and 98% SP (95% CI: 88–100), and RDT-C 100% SN (95% CI: 88–100) and 98% SP (95% CI: 88–100). Against ELISA, SN and SP were above 90% for all three RDTs. Conclusions: RDT-A and RDT-C displayed IgG detection SN and SP above 90% in whole blood. These RDTs could be considered in the absence of routine diagnostic serology facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego O. Andrey
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (P.C.); (S.Y.); (I.A.-V.); (P.R.-L.); (L.F.); (C.-A.S.); (L.K.); (N.V.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (L.M.); (A.C.); (I.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrick Cohen
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (P.C.); (S.Y.); (I.A.-V.); (P.R.-L.); (L.F.); (C.-A.S.); (L.K.); (N.V.)
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Giulia Torriani
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Sabine Yerly
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (P.C.); (S.Y.); (I.A.-V.); (P.R.-L.); (L.F.); (C.-A.S.); (L.K.); (N.V.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (L.M.); (A.C.); (I.E.)
| | - Lena Mazza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (L.M.); (A.C.); (I.E.)
| | - Adrien Calame
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (L.M.); (A.C.); (I.E.)
| | - Isabelle Arm-Vernez
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (P.C.); (S.Y.); (I.A.-V.); (P.R.-L.); (L.F.); (C.-A.S.); (L.K.); (N.V.)
| | - Idris Guessous
- Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.G.); (S.S.)
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Roux-Lombard
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (P.C.); (S.Y.); (I.A.-V.); (P.R.-L.); (L.F.); (C.-A.S.); (L.K.); (N.V.)
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Fontao
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (P.C.); (S.Y.); (I.A.-V.); (P.R.-L.); (L.F.); (C.-A.S.); (L.K.); (N.V.)
- Division of Dermatology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Agoritsas
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.A.); (J.S.); (J.-L.R.)
| | - Jerôme Stirnemann
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.A.); (J.S.); (J.-L.R.)
| | - Jean-Luc Reny
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.A.); (J.S.); (J.-L.R.)
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (P.C.); (S.Y.); (I.A.-V.); (P.R.-L.); (L.F.); (C.-A.S.); (L.K.); (N.V.)
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Department of Childhood and Adolescence, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Eckerle
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (L.M.); (A.C.); (I.E.)
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (P.C.); (S.Y.); (I.A.-V.); (P.R.-L.); (L.F.); (C.-A.S.); (L.K.); (N.V.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (L.M.); (A.C.); (I.E.)
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (P.C.); (S.Y.); (I.A.-V.); (P.R.-L.); (L.F.); (C.-A.S.); (L.K.); (N.V.)
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Blanchard Rohner G, Chatzis O, Chinwangso P, Rohr M, Grillet S, Salomon C, Lemaître B, Boonrak P, Lawpoolsri S, Clutterbuck E, Poredi IK, Wijagkanalan W, Spiegel J, Pham HT, Viviani S, Siegrist CA. Boosting Teenagers With Acellular Pertussis Vaccines Containing Recombinant or Chemically Inactivated Pertussis Toxin: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 68:1213-1222. [PMID: 30759183 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protection induced by acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines is partial and short-lived, especially in teenagers, calling for novel immunization strategies. METHODS We conducted an investigator-driven proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial in aP-primed adolescents in Geneva to assess the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a novel recombinant aP (r-aP) vaccine including recombinant pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) coadministered with tetanus-diphtheria toxoids (Td), compared to a licensed tetanus-diphtheria-aP vaccine containing chemically detoxified PT (cd/Tdap). The primary immunological endpoints were day 28/365 geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of total and neutralizing anti-PT antibodies. Memory B cells were assessed. RESULTS Sixty-two aP-primed adolescents were randomized and vaccinated with r-aP + Td or cd/Tdap. Reactogenicity, adverse events, and baseline GMCs were similar between the groups. Day 28 PT-neutralizing GMCs were low after cd/Tdap (73.91 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 49.88-109.52] IU/mL) and approximately 2-fold higher after r-aP + Td (127.68 [95% CI, 96.73-168.53] IU/mL; P = .0162). Anti-PT GMCs were also low after cd/Tdap (52.43 [95% CI, 36.41-75.50] IU/mL) and 2-fold higher after r-aP + Td (113.74 [95% CI, 88.31-146.50] IU/mL; P = .0006). Day 28 anti-FHA GMCs were similar in both groups. Day 365 anti-PT (but not PT-neutralizing) GMCs remained higher in r-aP + Td vaccinees. PT-specific memory B cells increased significantly after r-aP + Td but not cd/Tdap boosting. CONCLUSIONS Boosting aP-primed adolescents with r-aP induced higher anti-PT and PT-neutralizing responses than cd/Tdap and increased PT-specific memory B cells. Despite this superior immunogenicity, r-aP may have to be given repeatedly, earlier, and/or with novel adjuvants to exert an optimal influence in aP-primed subjects. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02946190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Blanchard Rohner
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva.,Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology-Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olga Chatzis
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva.,Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology-Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Marie Rohr
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva.,Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology-Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Grillet
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology-Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carole Salomon
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva
| | - Barbara Lemaître
- Laboratory of Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pitchaya Boonrak
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical and Public Health Informatics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saranath Lawpoolsri
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical and Public Health Informatics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Elizabeth Clutterbuck
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva.,Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology-Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
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Huttner A, Eperon G, Lascano AM, Roth S, Schwob JM, Siegrist CA, Lalive PH. Risk of MS relapse after yellow fever vaccination: A self-controlled case series. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020; 7:7/4/e726. [PMID: 32358223 PMCID: PMC7217657 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective To determine whether live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine (YFV) was associated with MS relapse, we evaluated the clinical courses of 23 patients in the year before and the year after immunization at the university hospital of Geneva, Switzerland. Methods This self-controlled retrospective cohort included adult patients with MS receiving YFV between 2014 and 2018 and defined the year before vaccination, the 3 months thereafter, and the 9 months following as the pre-exposure (PEP), exposure-risk (ERP), and postrisk (PRP) periods, respectively. The primary outcome was the relative incidence of relapse in the ERP vs the PEP. Secondary end points included the presence of new T2-weighted (T2) or T1-weighted gadolinium-positive (T1Gd+) MRI lesions. Results Of 23 patients with MS receiving YFV (20 relapsing MS and 3 primary progressive MS), 17 (74%) were women; mean age was 34 years (SD ±10); and 10 of 23 (40%) were treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Although 9 patients experienced 12 relapses in the PEP, only one experienced a relapse in the ERP; 3 other patients experienced one relapse each in the PRP. None of the 8 patients receiving natalizumab at the time of vaccination experienced relapse thereafter. In the PEP, ERP, and PRP, 18, 2, and 9 patients had new brain and/or spinal cord lesions on T2 or T1Gd + MRI, respectively. Conclusions In this cohort, YF vaccination was associated with neither an increase in MS relapse nor emergence of brain and/or spinal lesions. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings. Classification of evidence This study provides Class IV evidence that for persons with MS, YFV may not increase relapse risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Huttner
- From the Center for Vaccinology (A.H., C.-A.S.), University of Geneva; Division of Infectious Diseases (A.H.), Geneva University Hospitals; Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine (G.E., J.-M.S.), Geneva University Hospitals; Department of Neurosciences (A.M.L., S.R., P.H.L.), Division of Neurology, Unit of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals; Department of Pathology and Immunology (C.-A.S., P.H.L.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva; and Division of Laboratory Medicine (P.H.L.), Department of Diagnostic, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Eperon
- From the Center for Vaccinology (A.H., C.-A.S.), University of Geneva; Division of Infectious Diseases (A.H.), Geneva University Hospitals; Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine (G.E., J.-M.S.), Geneva University Hospitals; Department of Neurosciences (A.M.L., S.R., P.H.L.), Division of Neurology, Unit of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals; Department of Pathology and Immunology (C.-A.S., P.H.L.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva; and Division of Laboratory Medicine (P.H.L.), Department of Diagnostic, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Agustina M Lascano
- From the Center for Vaccinology (A.H., C.-A.S.), University of Geneva; Division of Infectious Diseases (A.H.), Geneva University Hospitals; Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine (G.E., J.-M.S.), Geneva University Hospitals; Department of Neurosciences (A.M.L., S.R., P.H.L.), Division of Neurology, Unit of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals; Department of Pathology and Immunology (C.-A.S., P.H.L.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva; and Division of Laboratory Medicine (P.H.L.), Department of Diagnostic, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Serge Roth
- From the Center for Vaccinology (A.H., C.-A.S.), University of Geneva; Division of Infectious Diseases (A.H.), Geneva University Hospitals; Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine (G.E., J.-M.S.), Geneva University Hospitals; Department of Neurosciences (A.M.L., S.R., P.H.L.), Division of Neurology, Unit of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals; Department of Pathology and Immunology (C.-A.S., P.H.L.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva; and Division of Laboratory Medicine (P.H.L.), Department of Diagnostic, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Schwob
- From the Center for Vaccinology (A.H., C.-A.S.), University of Geneva; Division of Infectious Diseases (A.H.), Geneva University Hospitals; Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine (G.E., J.-M.S.), Geneva University Hospitals; Department of Neurosciences (A.M.L., S.R., P.H.L.), Division of Neurology, Unit of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals; Department of Pathology and Immunology (C.-A.S., P.H.L.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva; and Division of Laboratory Medicine (P.H.L.), Department of Diagnostic, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- From the Center for Vaccinology (A.H., C.-A.S.), University of Geneva; Division of Infectious Diseases (A.H.), Geneva University Hospitals; Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine (G.E., J.-M.S.), Geneva University Hospitals; Department of Neurosciences (A.M.L., S.R., P.H.L.), Division of Neurology, Unit of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals; Department of Pathology and Immunology (C.-A.S., P.H.L.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva; and Division of Laboratory Medicine (P.H.L.), Department of Diagnostic, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Patrice H Lalive
- From the Center for Vaccinology (A.H., C.-A.S.), University of Geneva; Division of Infectious Diseases (A.H.), Geneva University Hospitals; Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine (G.E., J.-M.S.), Geneva University Hospitals; Department of Neurosciences (A.M.L., S.R., P.H.L.), Division of Neurology, Unit of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals; Department of Pathology and Immunology (C.-A.S., P.H.L.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva; and Division of Laboratory Medicine (P.H.L.), Department of Diagnostic, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland.
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Pejoski D, de Rham C, Martinez-Murillo P, Santoro F, Auderset F, Medaglini D, Pozzi G, Vono M, Lambert PH, Huttner A, Haks MC, Ottenhoff THM, Villard J, Siegrist CA. Rapid dose-dependent Natural Killer (NK) cell modulation and cytokine responses following human rVSV-ZEBOV Ebolavirus vaccination. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:32. [PMID: 32337075 PMCID: PMC7156503 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-0179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The rVSV-ZEBOV Ebolavirus vaccine confers protection within days after immunization, suggesting the contribution of innate immune responses. We report modulation of rVSV-ZEBOV vaccinee blood CD56+ NK cell numbers, NKG2D or NKp30 surface receptor expression, Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR)+ cell percentages and NK-cell-related genes on day 1 post immunization. Inverse correlations existed between the concentration of several plasma cytokines and inhibitory KIR+ CD56dim or cytokine-responsive CD56bright NK cells. Thus, NK cells may contribute to the early protective efficacy of rVSV-ZEBOV in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pejoski
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Casimir de Rham
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Immunology and Transplantation Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paola Martinez-Murillo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Santoro
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Floriane Auderset
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gianni Pozzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Vono
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angela Huttner
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mariëlle C. Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jean Villard
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Immunology and Transplantation Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Bühler S, Jaeger VK, Adler S, Bannert B, Brümmerhoff C, Ciurea A, Distler O, Franz J, Gabay C, Hagenbuch N, Herzog C, Hasler P, Kling K, Kyburz D, Müller R, Nissen MJ, Siegrist CA, Villiger PM, Walker UA, Hatz C. Safety and immunogenicity of tetanus/diphtheria vaccination in patients with rheumatic diseases-a prospective multi-centre cohort study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 58:1585-1596. [PMID: 30877773 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of a diphtheria/tetanus vaccine booster dose in three different patient groups with rheumatic diseases on a variety of immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory medications compared with healthy controls (HCs). METHODS We conducted a multi-centre prospective cohort study in Switzerland. We enrolled patients with RA, axial SpA/PsA, vasculitis (Behçet's disease, ANCA-associated vasculitis) and HCs. Diphtheria/tetanus vaccination was administered according to the Swiss vaccination recommendations. Blood samples were drawn before vaccination, and 1 month and 3 months afterwards. Antibody concentrations against vaccine antigens were measured by ELISA. Immunogenicity was compared between patient and medication groups. A mixed model was applied for multivariate analysis. Missing data were dealt with using multiple imputation. RESULTS Between January 2014 and December 2015, we enrolled 284 patients with rheumatic diseases (131 RA, 114 SpA/PsA, 39 vasculitis) and 253 HCs. Of the patients, 89% were on immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory medication. Three months post-vaccination 100% of HCs vs 98% of patients were protected against tetanus and 84% vs 73% against diphtheria. HCs and SpA/PsA patients had significantly higher responses than RA and vasculitis patients. Assessing underlying diseases and medications in a multivariate model, rituximab was the only factor negatively influencing tetanus immunogenicity, whereas only MTX treatment had a negative influence on diphtheria antibody responses. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were recorded. CONCLUSION Diphtheria/tetanus booster vaccination was safe. Tetanus vaccination was immunogenic; the diphtheria component was less immunogenic. Vaccine responses were blunted by rituximab and MTX. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT01947465.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Bühler
- Department of Public Health/Division of Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Adler
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern
| | - Bettina Bannert
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel
| | - Carolin Brümmerhoff
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen
| | - Adrian Ciurea
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich
| | - Juliane Franz
- Division of Rheumatology, University Medical Department, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau
| | - Cem Gabay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva
| | - Niels Hagenbuch
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich
| | - Christian Herzog
- Department of Medicine and Diagnostics, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Hasler
- Division of Rheumatology, University Medical Department, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau
| | - Kerstin Kling
- Department of Medicine and Diagnostics, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diego Kyburz
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel
| | - Rüdiger Müller
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen.,Division of Rheumatology, University Medical Department, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau.,Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael John Nissen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccinology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Ulrich A Walker
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel
| | - Christoph Hatz
- Department of Public Health/Division of Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine and Diagnostics, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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36
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Pittet LF, Abbas M, Siegrist CA, Pittet D. Missed vaccinations and critical care admission: all you may wish to know or rediscover-a narrative review. Intensive Care Med 2019; 46:202-214. [PMID: 31773179 PMCID: PMC7223872 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-019-05862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most vaccines are so effective that they could lead to the control/elimination of the diseases they target and directly impact on intensive care admissions or complications. This is best illustrated by the use of vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, zoster, yellow fever, Ebola virus, influenza or measles-but also by third party strategies such as maternal, toddler and care-giver immunization. However, each of these vaccine-induced protection is threatened by insufficient vaccine uptake. Here, we briefly discuss how vaccine hesitancy has led to the resurgence of diseases that were considered as controlled and explore the effect of vaccine-hesitant healthcare workers on nosocomial infections. As intensive care physicians are in charge of polymorbid patients, we briefly summarize the current recommendations for vaccinations in high-risk patients. We finally give some perspective on ongoing research, and discuss how institutional policies and intensive care physicians could play a role in increasing the impact of vaccination, overall and in intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure F Pittet
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of General Paediatrics, Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Infection Control Programme, WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety (Infection Control and Improving Practices), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of General Paediatrics, Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Vaccinology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Paediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Pittet
- Infection Control Programme, WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety (Infection Control and Improving Practices), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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37
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Pejoski D, Ballester M, Auderset F, Vono M, Christensen D, Andersen P, Lambert PH, Siegrist CA. Corrigendum: Site-Specific DC Surface Signatures Influence CD4 + T Cell Co-stimulation and Lung-Homing. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2640. [PMID: 31777477 PMCID: PMC6859796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Pejoski
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Ballester
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Floriane Auderset
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Vono
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Mastelic-Gavillet B, Vono M, Gonzalez-Dias P, Ferreira FM, Cardozo L, Lambert PH, Nakaya HI, Siegrist CA. Neonatal T Follicular Helper Cells Are Lodged in a Pre-T Follicular Helper Stage Favoring Innate Over Adaptive Germinal Center Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1845. [PMID: 31456798 PMCID: PMC6700230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells have emerged as a critical limiting factor for controlling the magnitude of neonatal germinal center (GC) reactions and primary vaccine antibody responses. We compared the functional attributes of neonatal and adult Tfh cells at the transcriptomic level and demonstrated that the Tfh cell program is well-initiated in neonates although the Tfh gene-expression pattern (i.e., CXCR5, IL-21, BCL6, TBK1, STAT4, ASCL2, and c-MAF) is largely underrepresented as compared to adult Tfh cells. Importantly, we identified a TH2-bias of neonatal Tfh cells, with preferential differentiation toward short-lived pre-Tfh effector cells. Remarkably, adjuvantation with CpG-ODNs redirect neonatal pre-Tfh cells toward committed GC-Tfh cells, as illustrated by increased expression of Tfh signature genes and reduced expression of TH2-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatris Mastelic-Gavillet
- Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Vono
- Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrícia Gonzalez-Dias
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederico Moraes Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunology, School of Medicine, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Cardozo
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Pejoski D, Ballester M, Auderset F, Vono M, Christensen D, Andersen P, Lambert PH, Siegrist CA. Site-Specific DC Surface Signatures Influence CD4 + T Cell Co-stimulation and Lung-Homing. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1650. [PMID: 31396211 PMCID: PMC6668556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) that drain the gut and skin are known to favor the establishment of T cell populations that home to the original site of DC-antigen (Ag) encounter by providing soluble “imprinting” signals to T cells in the lymph node (LN). To study the induction of lung T cell-trafficking, we used a protein-adjuvant murine intranasal and intramuscular immunization model to compare in vivo-activated Ag+ DCs in the lung and muscle-draining LNs. Higher frequencies of Ag+ CD11b+ DCs were observed in lung-draining mediastinal LNs (MedLN) compared to muscle-draining inguinal LNs (ILN). Ag+ CD11b+ MedLN DCs were qualitatively superior at priming CD4+ T cells, which then expressed CD49a and CXCR3, and preferentially trafficked into the lung parenchyma. CD11b+ DCs from the MedLN expressed higher levels of surface podoplanin, Trem4, GL7, and the known co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and CD24. Blockade of specific MedLN DC molecules or the use of sorted DC and T cell co-cultures demonstrated that DC surface phenotype influences the ability to prime T cells that then home to the lung. Thus, the density of dLN Ag+ DCs, and DC surface molecule signatures are factors that can influence the output and differentiation of lung-homing CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pejoski
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Ballester
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Floriane Auderset
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Vono
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Auderset F, Ballester M, Mastelic-Gavillet B, Fontannaz P, Chabaud-Riou M, Reveneau N, Garinot M, Mistretta N, Liu Y, Lambert PH, Ochs M, Siegrist CA. Reactivating Immunity Primed by Acellular Pertussis Vaccines in the Absence of Circulating Antibodies: Enhanced Bacterial Control by TLR9 Rather Than TLR4 Agonist-Including Formulation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1520. [PMID: 31333656 PMCID: PMC6618515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is still observed in many countries despite of high vaccine coverage. Acellular pertussis (aP) vaccination is widely implemented in many countries as primary series in infants and as boosters in school-entry/adolescents/adults (including pregnant women in some). One novel strategy to improve the reactivation of aP-vaccine primed immunity could be to include genetically- detoxified pertussis toxin and novel adjuvants in aP vaccine boosters. Their preclinical evaluation is not straightforward, as it requires mimicking the human situation where T and B memory cells may persist longer than vaccine-induced circulating antibodies. Toward this objective, we developed a novel murine model including two consecutive adoptive transfers of the memory cells induced by priming and boosting, respectively. Using this model, we assessed the capacity of three novel aP vaccine candidates including genetically-detoxified pertussis toxin, pertactin, filamentous hemagglutinin, and fimbriae adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide, supplemented—or not—with Toll-Like-Receptor 4 or 9 agonists (TLR4A, TLR9A), to reactivate aP vaccine-induced immune memory and protection, reflected by bacterial clearance. In the conventional murine immunization model, TLR4A- and TLR9A-containing aP formulations induced similar aP-specific IgG antibody responses and protection against bacterial lung colonization as current aP vaccines, despite IL-5 down-modulation by both TLR4A and TLR9A and IL-17 up-modulation by TLR4A. In the absence of serum antibodies at time of boosting or exposure, TLR4A- and TLR9A-containing formulations both enhanced vaccine antibody recall compared to current aP formulations. Unexpectedly, however, protection was only increased by the TLR9A-containing vaccine, through both earlier bacterial control and accelerated clearance. This suggests that TLR9A-containing aP vaccines may better reactivate aP vaccine-primed pertussis memory and enhance protection than current or TLR4A-adjuvanted aP vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Auderset
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Ballester
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Beatris Mastelic-Gavillet
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paola Fontannaz
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Pittet LF, Verolet CM, McLin VA, Wildhaber BE, Rodriguez M, Cherpillod P, Kaiser L, Siegrist CA, Posfay-Barbe KM. Multimodal safety assessment of measles-mumps-rubella vaccination after pediatric liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:844-854. [PMID: 30171797 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Live-attenuated vaccines are currently contraindicated in solid-organ transplant recipients. However, the risk of vaccine-preventable infections is lifelong, and can be particularly severe after transplantation. In this prospective interventional national cohort study, 44 pediatric liver transplant recipients with measles IgG antibodies <150 IU/L (below seroprotection threshold) received measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) at a median of 6.3 years posttransplantation (interquartile range, 4.0 to 10.9). A maximum of two additional doses were administered in nonresponders or when seroprotection was lost. Vaccine responses occurred in 98% (95% confidence interval [CI], 88-100) of patients. Seroprotection at 1-, 2-, and 3-year follow-up reached 62% (95% CI, 45-78), 86% (95% CI, 70-95), and 89% (95% CI, 67-99), respectively. All patients responded appropriately to the booster dose(s). Vaccinations were well tolerated and no serious adverse event attributable to vaccination was identified during the 8-week follow-up period (or later), using a multimodal approach including standardized telephone interviews, diarized side effect reporting, and monitoring of vaccinal virus shedding. We conclude that live attenuated MMR vaccine can be administered in liver transplant recipients fulfilling specific eligibility criteria (>1 year posttransplantation, low immunosuppression, lymphocyte count ≥0.75 G/L), inducing seroprotection in most subjects. (Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT01770119).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure F Pittet
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte M Verolet
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valérie A McLin
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara E Wildhaber
- Department of Pediatrics, University Center of Pediatric Surgery of Western Switzerland, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Rodriguez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Cherpillod
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Centre for Vaccinology, Departments of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Klara M Posfay-Barbe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Blanchard-Rohner G, Enriquez N, Lemaître B, Cadau G, Combescure C, Giostra E, Hadaya K, Meyer P, Gasche-Soccal PM, Berney T, van Delden C, Siegrist CA. Usefulness of a systematic approach at listing for vaccine prevention in solid organ transplant candidates. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:512-521. [PMID: 30144276 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Solid organ transplant (SOT) candidates may not be immune against potentially vaccine-preventable diseases because of insufficient immunizations and/or limited vaccine responses. We evaluated the impact on vaccine immunity at transplant of a systematic vaccinology workup at listing that included (1) pneumococcal with and without influenza immunization, (2) serology-based vaccine recommendations against measles, varicella, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis A virus, and tetanus, and (3) the documentation of vaccines and serology tests in a national electronic immunization registry (www.myvaccines.ch). Among 219 SOT candidates assessed between January 2014 and November 2015, 54 patients were transplanted during the study. Between listing and transplant, catch-up immunizations increased the patients' immunity from 70% to 87% (hepatitis A virus, P = .008), from 22% to 41% (hepatitis B virus, P = .008), from 77% to 91% (tetanus, P = .03), and from 78% to 98% (Streptococcus pneumoniae, P = .002). Their immunity at transplant was significantly higher against S. pneumoniae (P = .006) and slightly higher against hepatitis A virus (P = .07), but not against hepatitis B virus, than that of 65 SOT recipients transplanted in 2013. This demonstrates the value of a systematic multimodal serology-based approach of immunizations of SOT candidates at listing and the need for optimized strategies to increase their hepatitis B virus vaccine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Blanchard-Rohner
- Department of Pediatrics and Pathology-Immunology, Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Enriquez
- Department of Pediatrics and Pathology-Immunology, Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Transplant Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Lemaître
- Laboratory of Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gianna Cadau
- Laboratory of Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Combescure
- Clinical Research Center, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emiliano Giostra
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karine Hadaya
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Meyer
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paola M Gasche-Soccal
- Division of Pneumology, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Division of Transplantation, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian van Delden
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Department of Pediatrics and Pathology-Immunology, Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Gétaz L, Casillas A, Siegrist CA, Chappuis F, Togni G, Tran NT, Baggio S, Negro F, Gaspoz JM, Wolff H. Hepatitis B prevalence, risk factors, infection awareness and disease knowledge among inmates: a cross-sectional study in Switzerland’s largest pre-trial prison. J Glob Health 2018; 8:020407. [DOI: 10.7189/jogh.08.020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The live-attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine expressing the glycoprotein (GP) of Zaire Ebola virus (rVSV-ZEBOV) has proven immunogenic in humans and effective in field studies. Yet long-term durability of vaccine responses is unknown. AREAS COVERED We survey the evidence available in the literature for the durability of human responses to rVSV-ZEBOV. We also review determinants of initial responses and of their persistence. EXPERT COMMENTARY Persistence of EBOV-GP-specific antibody responses is strong at 2 years - currently the longest post-vaccination interval studied - after a single injection. Vaccine dose predicts persistence of seropositivity, though the magnitude of antibody responses at later time points becomes less dose-dependent. Vaccine-related arthritis is a significant predictor of both persistence and magnitude of the antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Huttner
- a Division of Infectious Diseases , University Hospitals of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.,b Centre for Vaccinology , University Hospitals and University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- b Centre for Vaccinology , University Hospitals and University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
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Medaglini D, Santoro F, Siegrist CA. Correlates of vaccine-induced protective immunity against Ebola virus disease. Semin Immunol 2018; 39:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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46
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Gétaz L, Casillas A, Siegrist CA, Chappuis F, Togni G, Tran NT, Baggio S, Negro F, Gaspoz JM, Wolff H. Hepatitis B prevalence, risk factors, infection awareness and disease knowledge among inmates: a cross-sectional study in Switzerland's largest pre-trial prison. J Glob Health 2018. [PMID: 30140433 PMCID: PMC6076584 DOI: 10.7189/jogh-08-020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major health concern in prison, but data are scarce in European prisons. This study aims to measure the prevalence of HBV infection, risk factors, awareness about infection, and HBV knowledge among inmates in Switzerland’s largest pre-trial prison. Methods Serological blood tests (HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc) and a standardized socio-demographic and sexual health survey were offered to consenting prisoners in 2009 and 2011. HBV knowledge was assessed using a standardized questionnaire among participants recruited in 2009. Findings A total of 273 male participants were included in the study (116 participants answered the HBV knowledge survey), with 38.1% originating from Eastern Europe, 28.2% from sub-Saharan Africa, 14.3% from North Africa, and 9.5% from Latin America. The prevalence of anti-HBc (resolved/chronic infection) was 38.2% and the prevalence of HBsAg (chronic infection) was 5.9%; 14% of participants had vaccine-acquired immunity (anti-HBs positive/anti-HBc negative). We estimated that 15.5% of people living in Geneva having chronic infection go through the Geneva’s prison. Region of origin was significantly associated with chronic/resolved HBV infection (P < 0.001): 72.2% of participants from sub-Saharan African, 34.6% from Eastern Europe and 13.2% from other regions. In terms of chronic infection, 15.6% of participants from sub-Saharan Africa were positive for HBsAg, vs 2% of those from other regions (P < 0.001). In stratified analyses, region of origin remained significantly associated with HBV infection. Among those with chronic infection, only 12.5% were aware of their status. A minority of inmates knew how HBV could be transmitted. Conclusions The primary factor associated with HBV infection in this study was the geographical region of origin of participants. Given the high HBV prevalence found in this prison population, a targeted testing and vaccination approach based on prisoners’ region of origin would be a cost-effective strategy when resources are limited. Additionally, identification of at-risk people should not rely on sensitive questions nor self-reported history of HBV. An inclusive approach to global health needs to incorporate prison population, as incarcerated people have a disproportionate burden of HBV infection and because an important proportion of hard-to-reach chronic HBV infected people go through the incarceration system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gétaz
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alejandra Casillas
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François Chappuis
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Nguyen-Toan Tran
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stéphanie Baggio
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Negro
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Gaspoz
- Department of Primary Care, Community Medicine, and Emergencies, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hans Wolff
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Siebert JN, Hamann L, Verolet CM, Gameiro C, Grillet S, Siegrist CA, Posfay-Barbe KM. Toll-Interleukin 1 Receptor Domain-Containing Adaptor Protein 180L Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Is Associated With Susceptibility to Recurrent Pneumococcal Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1780. [PMID: 30131804 PMCID: PMC6090034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) and can be recurrent in 8% of children older than 2 years of age. Spn is recognized by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system, in particular toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4. To assess whether a defect somewhere along this TLR signaling pathway increases susceptibility to recurrent pneumococcal LRTI, we conducted a prospective case-control study with 88 healthy individuals and 45 children with recurrent LRTI aged 2-5 years old. We examined cell surface expression of TLR2 and TLR4, as well as eight genetic variants of these receptors or associated co-receptors TLR1 and TLR6. Interleukin-6 production was measured after whole blood stimulation assays with specific agonists and heat-killed Spn. Our findings reveal that single-nucleotide polymorphisms within toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) alone or in combination with TLR1 N248S, TLR1 I602S, or TLR6 S249P polymorphisms contributes to various degree of susceptibility to recurrent pneumococcal LRTI in children by modulating the inflammatory response. In that respect, carriage of the TIRAP S180L heterozygous trait increases the likelihood to protect against pneumococcal LRTI, whereas children carrying the mutant homozygous TIRAP 180L polymorphism might be more likely susceptible to recurrent pneumococcal LRTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan N Siebert
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Geneva Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Hamann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité-University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte M Verolet
- Department of Pediatrics, Geneva Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Gameiro
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Geneva University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Grillet
- Department of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Department of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatrics, Geneva Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Klara M Posfay-Barbe
- Department of Pediatrics, Geneva Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Iten A, Bonfillon C, Siegrist CA, Kaiser L, Pittet D. [Prevention of influenza in acute care settings : a multimodal intervention]. Rev Med Suisse 2018; 14:800-805. [PMID: 29658221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Preventing an influenza outbreak in an acute care requires a multimodal intervention, taking into account the actors involved (influenza virus, staff, patients, visitors), and the stage of the epidemic. Different means are used for this purpose : immunization, use of alcohol-based hand rub, identification of influenza cases, wearing of medical masks, social distance, and antiviral treatment. In addition, an epidemiological surveillance of influenza cases, in the general population and within the health facilities, must be associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Iten
- Service de prévention et contrôle de l'infection, Direction médicale et qualité, HUG, 1211 Genève 14
| | - Chantal Bonfillon
- Service de santé du personnel, Département des ressources humaines, HUG, 1211 Genève 14
| | | | - Laurent Kaiser
- Service des maladies infectieuses, Département des spécialités de médecine, HUG, 1211 Genève 14
| | - Didier Pittet
- Service de prévention et contrôle de l'infection, Direction médicale et qualité, HUG, 1211 Genève 14
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Huttner A, Agnandji ST, Combescure C, Fernandes JF, Bache EB, Kabwende L, Ndungu FM, Brosnahan J, Monath TP, Lemaître B, Grillet S, Botto M, Engler O, Portmann J, Siegrist D, Bejon P, Silvera P, Kremsner P, Siegrist CA. Determinants of antibody persistence across doses and continents after single-dose rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination for Ebola virus disease: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2018; 18:738-748. [PMID: 29627147 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vaccine expressing the Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV) glycoprotein is efficacious in the weeks following single-dose injection, but duration of immunity is unknown. We aimed to assess antibody persistence at 1 and 2 years in volunteers who received single-dose rVSV-ZEBOV in three previous trials. METHODS In this observational cohort study, we prospectively followed-up participants from the African and European phase 1 rVSV-ZEBOV trials, who were vaccinated once in 2014-15 with 300 000 (low dose) or 10-50 million (high dose) plaque-forming units (pfu) of rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine to assess ZEBOV glycoprotein (IgG) antibody persistence. The primary outcome was ZEBOV glycoprotein-specific IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) measured yearly by ELISA compared with 1 month (ie, 28 days) after immunisation. We report GMCs up to 2 years (Geneva, Switzerland, including neutralising antibodies up to 6 months) and 1 year (Lambaréné, Gabon; Kilifi, Kenya) after vaccination and factors associated with higher antibody persistence beyond 6 months, according to multivariable analyses. Trials and the observational study were registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Geneva: NCT02287480 and NCT02933931; Kilifi: NCT02296983) and the Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry (Lambaréné PACTR201411000919191). FINDINGS Of 217 vaccinees from the original studies (102 from the Geneva study, 75 from the Lambaréné study, and 40 from the Kilifi study), 197 returned and provided samples at 1 year (95 from the Geneva study, 63 from the Lambaréné, and 39 from the Kilifi study) and 90 at 2 years (all from the Geneva study). In the Geneva group, 44 (100%) of 44 participants who had been given a high dose (ie, 10-50 million pfu) of vaccine and who were seropositive at day 28 remained seropositive at 2 years, whereas 33 (89%) of 37 who had been given the low dose (ie, 300 000 pfu) remained seropositive for 2 years (p=0·042). In participants who had received a high dose, ZEBOV glycoprotein IgG GMCs decreased significantly between their peak (at 1-3 months) and month 6 after vaccination in Geneva (p<0·0001) and Lambaréné (p=0·0298) but not in Kilifi (p=0·5833) and subsequently remained stable at all sites apart from Geneva, where GMC in those given a high dose of vaccine increased significantly between 6 months and 1 year (p=0·0264). Antibody persistence was similar at 1 year and at 6 months in those who had received a low dose of vaccine, with lower titres among participants from the Geneva study at 2 years than at 1 year after vaccination (GMC ratio 0·61, 95% CI 0·49-0·77; p<0·0001). In multivariable analyses, predictors of increased IgG GMCs beyond 6 months included high-dose versus low-dose vaccination (Geneva p=0·0133; Lambaréné p=0·008) and vaccine-related arthritis (p=0·0176), but not sex, age, or baseline seropositivity (all p>0·05). Neutralising antibodies seem to be less durable, with seropositivity dropping from 64-71% at 28 days to 27-31% at 6 months in participants from the Geneva study. INTERPRETATION Antibody responses to single-dose rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination are sustained across dose ranges and settings, a key criterion in countries where booster vaccinations would be impractical. FUNDING The Wellcome Trust and Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Huttner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Infection Control Programme, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Centre for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Selidji Todagbe Agnandji
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institut für Tropenmedizin and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) partner sites, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christophe Combescure
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - José F Fernandes
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Emmanuel Bache Bache
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Lumeka Kabwende
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | | | - Jessica Brosnahan
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institut für Tropenmedizin and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) partner sites, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Lemaître
- Centre for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Grillet
- Centre for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Botto
- Non-clinical Development, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Olivier Engler
- Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland
| | - Jasmine Portmann
- Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland
| | - Denise Siegrist
- Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland
| | - Philip Bejon
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Peter Silvera
- Non-clinical Development, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kremsner
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institut für Tropenmedizin and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) partner sites, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Vono M, Eberhardt CS, Mohr E, Auderset F, Christensen D, Schmolke M, Coler R, Meinke A, Andersen P, Lambert PH, Mastelic-Gavillet B, Siegrist CA. Overcoming the Neonatal Limitations of Inducing Germinal Centers through Liposome-Based Adjuvants Including C-Type Lectin Agonists Trehalose Dibehenate or Curdlan. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29541075 PMCID: PMC5835515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonates and infants are more vulnerable to infections and show reduced responses to vaccination. Consequently, repeated immunizations are required to induce protection and early life vaccines against major pathogens such as influenza are yet unavailable. Formulating antigens with potent adjuvants, including immunostimulators and delivery systems, is a demonstrated approach to enhance vaccine efficacy. Yet, adjuvants effective in adults may not meet the specific requirements for activating the early life immune system. Here, we assessed the neonatal adjuvanticity of three novel adjuvants including TLR4 (glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant-squalene emulsion), TLR9 (IC31®), and Mincle (CAF01) agonists, which all induce germinal centers (GCs) and potent antibody responses to influenza hemagglutinin (HA) in adult mice. In neonates, a single dose of HA formulated into each adjuvant induced T follicular helper (TFH) cells. However, only HA/CAF01 elicited significantly higher and sustained antibody responses, engaging neonatal B cells to differentiate into GCs already after a single dose. Although antibody titers remained lower than in adults, HA-specific responses induced by a single neonatal dose of HA/CAF01 were sufficient to confer protection against influenza viral challenge. Postulating that the neonatal adjuvanticity of CAF01 may result from the functionality of the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) Mincle in early life we asked whether other C-type lectin agonists would show a similar neonatal adjuvanticity. Replacing the Mincle agonist trehalose 6,6′-dibehenate by Curdlan, which binds to Dectin-1, enhanced antibody responses through the induction of similar levels of TFH, GCs and bone marrow high-affinity plasma cells. Thus, specific requirements of early life B cells may already be met after a single vaccine dose using CLR-activating agonists, identified here as promising B cell immunostimulators for early life vaccines when included into cationic liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vono
- WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Sigrid Eberhardt
- WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elodie Mohr
- WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Floriane Auderset
- WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Vaccine Adjuvant Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mirco Schmolke
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rhea Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Peter Andersen
- Vaccine Adjuvant Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Beatris Mastelic-Gavillet
- WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,WHO Collaborative Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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