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Martinez-Murillo PA, Huttner A, Lemeille S, Medaglini D, Ottenhoff THM, Harandi AM, Didierlaurent AM, Siegrist CA. Refined innate plasma signature after rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP immunization is shared among adult cohorts in Europe and North America. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1279003. [PMID: 38235127 PMCID: PMC10791923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background During the last decade Ebola virus has caused several outbreaks in Africa. The recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-vectored Zaire Ebola (rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP) vaccine has proved safe and immunogenic but is reactogenic. We previously identified the first innate plasma signature response after vaccination in Geneva as composed of five monocyte-related biomarkers peaking at day 1 post-immunization that correlates with adverse events, biological outcomes (haematological changes and viremia) and antibody titers. In this follow-up study, we sought to identify additional biomarkers in the same Geneva cohort and validate those identified markers in a US cohort. Methods Additional biomarkers were identified using multiplexed protein biomarker platform O-link and confirmed by Luminex. Principal component analysis (PCA) evaluated if these markers could explain a higher variability of the vaccine response (and thereby refined the initial signature). Multivariable and linear regression models evaluated the correlations of the main components with adverse events, biological outcomes, and antibody titers. External validation of the refined signature was conducted in a second cohort of US vaccinees (n=142). Results Eleven additional biomarkers peaked at day 1 post-immunization: MCP2, MCP3, MCP4, CXCL10, OSM, CX3CL1, MCSF, CXCL11, TRAIL, RANKL and IL15. PCA analysis retained three principal components (PC) that accounted for 79% of the vaccine response variability. PC1 and PC2 were very robust and had different biomarkers that contributed to their variability. PC1 better discriminated different doses, better defined the risk of fever and myalgia, while PC2 better defined the risk of headache. We also found new biomarkers that correlated with reactogenicity, including transient arthritis (MCP-2, CXCL10, CXCL11, CX3CL1, MCSF, IL-15, OSM). Several innate biomarkers are associated with antibody levels one and six months after vaccination. Refined PC1 correlated strongly in both data sets (Geneva: r = 0.97, P < 0.001; US: r = 0.99, P< 0.001). Conclusion Eleven additional biomarkers refined the previously found 5-biomarker Geneva signature. The refined signature better discriminated between different doses, was strongly associated with the risk of adverse events and with antibody responses and was validated in a separate cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Andrea Martinez-Murillo
- Center of Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angela Huttner
- Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Research, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Center of Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ali M. Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Vaccine Evaluation Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arnaud M. Didierlaurent
- Center of Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center of Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abu-Raya B, Esser MJ, Nakabembe E, Reiné J, Amaral K, Diks AM, Imede E, Way SS, Harandi AM, Gorringe A, Le Doare K, Halperin SA, Berkowska MA, Sadarangani M. Antibody and B-cell Immune Responses Against Bordetella Pertussis Following Infection and Immunization. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168344. [PMID: 37926426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Neither immunization nor recovery from natural infection provides life-long protection against Bordetella pertussis. Replacement of a whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine with an acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine, mutations in B. pertussis strains, and better diagnostic techniques, contribute to resurgence of number of cases especially in young infants. Development of new immunization strategies relies on a comprehensive understanding of immune system responses to infection and immunization and how triggering these immune components would ensure protective immunity. In this review, we assess how B cells, and their secretory products, antibodies, respond to B. pertussis infection, current and novel vaccines and highlight similarities and differences in these responses. We first focus on antibody-mediated immunity. We discuss antibody (sub)classes, elaborate on antibody avidity, ability to neutralize pertussis toxin, and summarize different effector functions, i.e. ability to activate complement, promote phagocytosis and activate NK cells. We then discuss challenges and opportunities in studying B-cell immunity. We highlight shared and unique aspects of B-cell and plasma cell responses to infection and immunization, and discuss how responses to novel immunization strategies better resemble those triggered by a natural infection (i.e., by triggering responses in mucosa and production of IgA). With this comprehensive review, we aim to shed some new light on the role of B cells and antibodies in the pertussis immunity to guide new vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahaa Abu-Raya
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Mirjam J Esser
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Eve Nakabembe
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Upper Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
| | - Jesús Reiné
- Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle Amaral
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Annieck M Diks
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden ZA 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Imede
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew Gorringe
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Kirsty Le Doare
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK; Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, MU-JHU, Upper Mulago Hill, Kampala, P.O. Box 23491, Uganda
| | - Scott A Halperin
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Magdalena A Berkowska
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Vianello E, Persson J, Andersson B, van Veen S, Dias TL, Santoro F, Östensson M, Obudulu O, Agbajogu C, Torkzadeh S, Nakaya HI, Medaglini D, Siegrist CA, Ottenhoff TH, Harandi AM. Global blood miRNA profiling unravels early signatures of immunogenicity of Ebola vaccine rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP. iScience 2023; 26:108574. [PMID: 38162033 PMCID: PMC10755791 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The vectored Ebola vaccine rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP elicits protection against Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). In a study of forty-eight healthy adult volunteers who received either the rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP vaccine or placebo, we profiled intracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) from whole blood cells (WB) and circulating miRNAs from serum-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) at baseline and longitudinally following vaccination. Further, we identified early miRNA signatures associated with ZEBOV-specific IgG antibody responses at baseline and up to one year post-vaccination, and pinpointed target mRNA transcripts and pathways correlated to miRNAs whose expression was altered after vaccination by using systems biology approaches. Several miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) and miRNA signatures predicted high or low IgG ZEBOV-specific antibody levels with high classification performance. The top miRNA discriminators were WB-miR-6810, EV-miR-7151-3p, and EV-miR-4426. An eight-miRNA antibody predictive signature was associated with immune-related target mRNAs and pathways. These findings provide valuable insights into early blood biomarkers associated with rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP vaccine-induced IgG antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Vianello
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Josefine Persson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Andersson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Malin Östensson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ogonna Obudulu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christopher Agbajogu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Torkzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Donata Medaglini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Centre for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tom H.M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ali M. Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Huttner A, Agnandji ST, Engler O, Hooper JW, Kwilas S, Ricks K, Clements TL, Jonsdottir HR, Nakka SS, Rothenberger S, Kremsner P, Züst R, Medaglini D, Ottenhoff T, Harandi AM, Siegrist CA. Antibody responses to recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-Zaire Ebolavirus vaccination for Ebola virus disease across doses and continents: 5-year durability. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023; 29:1587-1594. [PMID: 37661067 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report 5-year persistence and avidity of antibodies produced by the live-attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) expressing the Zaire Ebolavirus (ZEBOV) glycoprotein (GP), known as rVSV-ZEBOV (Ervebo®). METHODS Healthy adults vaccinated with 300,000 or 10-50 million plaque-forming units of rVSV-ZEBOV in the WHO-coordinated trials of 2014-2015 were followed for up to 4 (Lambaréné, Gabon) and 5 (Geneva, Switzerland) years. We report seropositivity rates, geometric mean titres (GMTs), and population distribution of ZEBOV-GP ELISA IgG antibodies, neutralizing antibodies (pseudovirus and live-virus neutralization) and antibody avidity; the primary outcome was ZEBOV-GP ELISA IgG GMTs at 4 or 5 years compared with 1 year (Y1) after immunization. RESULTS Among the 168 eligible vaccinees (Geneva: 97 and Lambaréné: 71) enrolled 1 year post-immunization, 146 (87%) remained enrolled at 4 years (Geneva: n = 88, Lambaréné: n = 58), and 84 (87%, Geneva) at 5 years post-vaccination. ZEBOV-GP ELISA IgG GMTs plateaued, with no declining trend from 1 year through the last time point assessed (1147.8 [95% CI 874.3-1507.0] at Y1 versus 1548.1 [95% CI 1136.6-2108.5] at Y5 in Geneva volunteers receiving ≥10 million plaque-forming units of rVSV-ZEBOV), their avidity matching that of ZEBOV convalescents. Live-virus neutralizing antibodies were detected for shorter periods and in fewer vaccinees (53/95 [56%] at Y1 versus 35/84 [42%] at Y5 in Geneva volunteers, all dose levels). DISCUSSION Titres at Y1 emerged as a correlate of antibody persistence at Y5. The findings of persistent ZEBOV-GP ELISA IgG titres yet shorter-lasting, lower titres of live-virus neutralizing antibodies suggest the contribution of antibody-mediated protective mechanisms other than neutralization. Long-term clinical efficacy of rVSV-ZEBOV, however, requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Huttner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Clinical Research, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Centre for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Selidji Todagbe Agnandji
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Campus CERMEL, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institut für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Humanparasitologie Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; GermanCenter for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olivier Engler
- Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland
| | - Jay W Hooper
- Foundational Science Directorate, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Steve Kwilas
- Foundational Science Directorate, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Keersten Ricks
- Foundational Science Directorate, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Tamara L Clements
- Foundational Science Directorate, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Hulda R Jonsdottir
- Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland
| | - Sravya Sowdamini Nakka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sylvia Rothenberger
- Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland; Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kremsner
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Campus CERMEL, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institut für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Humanparasitologie Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; GermanCenter for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roland Züst
- Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Tom Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden Hospital Centre and University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Vaccine Evaluation Centre, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Centre for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Gonzalez Dias Carvalho PC, Dominguez Crespo Hirata T, Mano Alves LY, Moscardini IF, do Nascimento APB, Costa-Martins AG, Sorgi S, Harandi AM, Ferreira DM, Vianello E, Haks MC, Ottenhoff THM, Santoro F, Martinez-Murillo P, Huttner A, Siegrist CA, Medaglini D, Nakaya HI. Baseline gene signatures of reactogenicity to Ebola vaccination: a machine learning approach across multiple cohorts. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1259197. [PMID: 38022684 PMCID: PMC10663260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rVSVDG-ZEBOV-GP (Ervebo®) vaccine is both immunogenic and protective against Ebola. However, the vaccine can cause a broad range of transient adverse reactions, from headache to arthritis. Identifying baseline reactogenicity signatures can advance personalized vaccinology and increase our understanding of the molecular factors associated with such adverse events. Methods In this study, we developed a machine learning approach to integrate prevaccination gene expression data with adverse events that occurred within 14 days post-vaccination. Results and Discussion We analyzed the expression of 144 genes across 343 blood samples collected from participants of 4 phase I clinical trial cohorts: Switzerland, USA, Gabon, and Kenya. Our machine learning approach revealed 22 key genes associated with adverse events such as local reactions, fatigue, headache, myalgia, fever, chills, arthralgia, nausea, and arthritis, providing insights into potential biological mechanisms linked to vaccine reactogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Dominguez Crespo Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Yukio Mano Alves
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - André G. Costa-Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Artificial Intelligence and Analytics Department, Institute for Technological Research, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Sorgi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LAMMB), Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ali M. Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniela M. Ferreira
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Eleonora Vianello
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle C. Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Francesco Santoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LAMMB), Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Angela Huttner
- Centre for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Centre for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Helder I. Nakaya
- Scientific Platform Pasteur-University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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Taslimi Y, Habibzadeh S, Goyonlo VM, Akbarzadeh A, Azarpour Z, Gharibzadeh S, Shokouhy M, Persson J, Harandi AM, Mizbani A, Rafati S. Tape-disc-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (TD-LAMP) method as noninvasive approach for diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. tropica. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21397. [PMID: 38027876 PMCID: PMC10643283 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease caused by the bite of infectious female sand flies with high socioeconomic burdens. There is currently no non-invasive, point-of-care, diagnostic method with high sensitivity and specificity available for CL. We herein report the development of a non-invasive tape disc (TD) sampling method combined with a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay using primer sets targeting kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) of Leishmania tropica (L. tropica) with a colorimetric readout for species-specific diagnosis of CL. We tested our Tape-Disc (TD)-LAMP method on a panel of skin samples collected by TD from 35 confirmed L. tropica patients, 35 healthy individuals and 35 patients with non-L. tropica infections. The detection limit of the TD-LAMP assay was determined as 1 fg (fg), and the assay sensitivity and specificity of 97 % and 100 % for L. tropica infection, respectively. This non-invasive, sensitive and rapid diagnostic method warrants further exploration of its use for differential diagnosis of CL in disease endemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Taslimi
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Habibzadeh
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amin Akbarzadeh
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Azarpour
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Safoora Gharibzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Shokouhy
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Josefine Persson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali M. Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Sima Rafati
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Girardi P, Bhuiyan TR, Lundin SB, Harutyunyan S, Neuhauser I, Khanam F, Nagy G, Szijártó V, Henics T, Nagy E, Harandi AM, Qadri F. Anti-Toxin Responses to Natural Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Infection in Adults and Children in Bangladesh. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2524. [PMID: 37894182 PMCID: PMC10609113 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A sero-epidemiology study was conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh between January 2020 and February 2021 to assess the immune responses to ETEC infection in adults and children. (1) Background: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection is a main cause of diarrheal disease in endemic countries. The characterization of the immune responses evoked by natural infection can guide vaccine development efforts. (2) Methods: A total of 617 adult and 480 pediatric diarrheal patients were screened, and 43 adults and 46 children (below 5 years of age) with an acute ETEC infection completed the study. The plasma samples were analyzed for antibody responses against the ETEC toxins. (3) Results: Heat-stable toxin (ST)-positive ETEC is the main cause of ETEC infection in adults, unlike in children in an endemic setting. We detected very low levels of anti-ST antibodies, and no ST-neutralizing activity. However, infection with ETEC strains expressing the heat-labile toxin (LT) induced systemic antibody responses in less than 25% of subjects. The antibody levels against LTA and LTB, as well as cholera toxin (CT), correlated well. The anti-LT antibodies were shown to have LT- and CT- neutralizing activity. The antibody reactivity against linear LT epitopes did not correlate with toxin-neutralizing activity. (4) Conclusions: Unlike LT, ST is a poor antigen and even adults have low anti-ST antibody levels that do not allow for the detection of toxin-neutralizing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Girardi
- Eveliqure Biotechnologies GmbH, Karl-Farkas-Gasse 22, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (S.H.); (I.N.); (T.H.); (E.N.)
| | - Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (T.R.B.); (F.K.); (F.Q.)
| | - Samuel B. Lundin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Goteborg, Sweden; (S.B.L.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Shushan Harutyunyan
- Eveliqure Biotechnologies GmbH, Karl-Farkas-Gasse 22, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (S.H.); (I.N.); (T.H.); (E.N.)
| | - Irene Neuhauser
- Eveliqure Biotechnologies GmbH, Karl-Farkas-Gasse 22, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (S.H.); (I.N.); (T.H.); (E.N.)
| | - Farhana Khanam
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (T.R.B.); (F.K.); (F.Q.)
| | - Gábor Nagy
- CEBINA GmbH, Karl-Farkas-Gasse 22, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (G.N.); (V.S.)
| | - Valéria Szijártó
- CEBINA GmbH, Karl-Farkas-Gasse 22, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (G.N.); (V.S.)
| | - Tamás Henics
- Eveliqure Biotechnologies GmbH, Karl-Farkas-Gasse 22, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (S.H.); (I.N.); (T.H.); (E.N.)
| | - Eszter Nagy
- Eveliqure Biotechnologies GmbH, Karl-Farkas-Gasse 22, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (S.H.); (I.N.); (T.H.); (E.N.)
| | - Ali M. Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Goteborg, Sweden; (S.B.L.); (A.M.H.)
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (T.R.B.); (F.K.); (F.Q.)
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Park KS, Svennerholm K, Crescitelli R, Lässer C, Gribonika I, Andersson M, Boström J, Alalam H, Harandi AM, Farewell A, Lötvall J. Detoxified synthetic bacterial membrane vesicles as a vaccine platform against bacteria and SARS-CoV-2. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:156. [PMID: 37208676 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of vaccines based on outer membrane vesicles (OMV) that naturally bud off from bacteria is an evolving field in infectious diseases. However, the inherent inflammatory nature of OMV limits their use as human vaccines. This study employed an engineered vesicle technology to develop synthetic bacterial vesicles (SyBV) that activate the immune system without the severe immunotoxicity of OMV. SyBV were generated from bacterial membranes through treatment with detergent and ionic stress. SyBV induced less inflammatory responses in macrophages and in mice compared to natural OMV. Immunization with SyBV or OMV induced comparable antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Specifically, immunization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa-derived SyBV protected mice against bacterial challenge, and this was accompanied by significant reduction in lung cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokines. Further, immunization with Escherichia coli-derived SyBV protected mice against E. coli sepsis, comparable to OMV-immunized group. The protective activity of SyBV was driven by the stimulation of B-cell and T-cell immunity. Also, SyBV were engineered to display the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein on their surface, and these vesicles induced specific S1 protein antibody and T-cell responses. Collectively, these results demonstrate that SyBV may be a safe and efficient vaccine platform for the prevention of bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Su Park
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Kristina Svennerholm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inta Gribonika
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mickael Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Antibiotic Resistance, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Boström
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Antibiotic Resistance, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Alalam
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Antibiotic Resistance, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vaccine Evaluation Center, University of British Columbia, Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne Farewell
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Antibiotic Resistance, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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9
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Lundin SB, Kann H, Fulurija A, Andersson B, Nakka SS, Andersson LM, Gisslén M, Harandi AM. A novel precision-serology assay for SARS-CoV-2 infection based on linear B-cell epitopes of Spike protein. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166924. [PMID: 37251407 PMCID: PMC10213285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the need for serology diagnostics with improved accuracy. While conventional serology based on recognition of entire proteins or subunits thereof has made significant contribution to the antibody assessment space, it often suffers from sub-optimal specificity. Epitope-based, high-precision, serology assays hold potential to capture the high specificity and diversity of the immune system, hence circumventing the cross-reactivity with closely related microbial antigens. Methods We herein report mapping of linear IgG and IgA antibody epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein in samples from SARS-CoV-2 exposed individuals along with certified SARS-CoV-2 verification plasma samples using peptide arrays. Results We identified 21 distinct linear epitopes. Importantly, we showed that pre-pandemic serum samples contain IgG antibodies reacting to the majority of protein S epitopes, most likely as a result of prior infection with seasonal coronaviruses. Only 4 of the identified SARS-CoV-2 protein S linear epitopes were specific for SARS-CoV-2 infection. These epitopes are located at positions 278-298 and 550-586, just proximal and distal to the RBD, as well as at position 1134-1156 in the HR2 subdomain and at 1248-1271 in the C-terminal subdomain of protein S. To substantiate the applicability of our findings, we tested three of the high-accuracy protein S epitopes in a Luminex assay, using a certified validation plasma sample set from SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. The Luminex results were well aligned with the peptide array results, and correlated very well with in-house and commercial immune assays for RBD, S1 and S1/S2 domains of protein S. Conclusion We present a comprehensive mapping of linear B-cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 protein S, that identifies peptides suitable for a precision serology assay devoid of cross-reactivity. These results have implications for development of highly specific serology test for exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and other members of the coronaviridae family, as well as for rapid development of serology tests for future emerging pandemic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B. Lundin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Biotome Pty Ltd, Perth, WA, Australia
- Biotome AB, Kullavik, Sweden
| | - Hanna Kann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alma Fulurija
- Biotome Pty Ltd, Perth, WA, Australia
- Biotome AB, Kullavik, Sweden
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Björn Andersson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sravya S. Nakka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars-Magnus Andersson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gisslén
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali M. Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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10
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Torinsson Naluai Å, Östensson M, Fowler PC, Abrahamsson S, Andersson B, Lassesson S, Jacobsson F, Oscarsson M, Bohman A, Harandi AM, Bende M. Transcriptomics unravels molecular changes associated with cilia and COVID-19 in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6592. [PMID: 37085563 PMCID: PMC10121071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32944-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common upper respiratory tract complication where the pathogenesis is largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the transcriptome profile in nasal mucosa biopsies of CRSwNP patients and healthy individuals. We further integrated the transcriptomics data with genes located in chromosomal regions containing genome-wide significant gene variants for COVID-19. Among the most significantly upregulated genes in polyp mucosa were CCL18, CLEC4G, CCL13 and SLC9A3. Pathways involving "Ciliated epithelial cells" were the most differentially expressed molecular pathways when polyp mucosa and non-polyp mucosa from the same patient was compared. Natural killer T-cell (NKT) and viral pathways were the most statistically significant pathways in the mucosa of CRSwNP patients compared with those of healthy control individuals. Upregulated genes in polyp mucosa, located within the genome-wide associated regions of COVID-19, included LZTFL1, CCR9, SLC6A20, IFNAR1, IFNAR2 and IL10RB. Interestingly, the second most over-expressed gene in our study, CLEC4G, has been shown to bind directly to SARS-CoV-2 spike's N-terminal domain and mediate its entry and infection. Our results on altered expression of genes related to cilia and viruses point to the de-regulation of viral defenses in CRSwNP patients, and may give clues to future intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Torinsson Naluai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Core Facilities, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Malin Östensson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Core Facilities, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Philippa C Fowler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sanna Abrahamsson
- Core Facilities, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Andersson
- Core Facilities, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stina Lassesson
- Core Facilities, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frida Jacobsson
- Core Facilities, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Oscarsson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Anton Bohman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mats Bende
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
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11
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Vono M, Mastelic-Gavillet B, Mohr E, Östensson M, Persson J, Olafsdottir TA, Lemeille S, Pejoski D, Hartley O, Christensen D, Andersen P, Didierlaurent AM, Harandi AM, Lambert PH, Siegrist CA. C-type lectin receptor agonists elicit functional IL21-expressing Tfh cells and induce primary B cell responses in neonates. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1155200. [PMID: 37063899 PMCID: PMC10102809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionC-type lectin receptor (CLR) agonists emerged as superior inducers of primary B cell responses in early life compared with Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, while both types of adjuvants are potent in adults.MethodsHere, we explored the mechanisms accounting for the differences in neonatal adjuvanticity between a CLR-based (CAF®01) and a TLR4-based (GLA-SE) adjuvant administered with influenza hemagglutinin (HA) in neonatal mice, by using transcriptomics and systems biology analyses.ResultsOn day 7 after immunization, HA/CAF01 increased IL6 and IL21 levels in the draining lymph nodes, while HA/GLA-SE increased IL10. CAF01 induced mixed Th1/Th17 neonatal responses while T cell responses induced by GLA-SE had a more pronounced Th2-profile. Only CAF01 induced T follicular helper (Tfh) cells expressing high levels of IL21 similar to levels induced in adult mice, which is essential for germinal center (GC) formation. Accordingly, only CAF01- induced neonatal Tfh cells activated adoptively transferred hen egg lysozyme (HEL)-specific B cells to form HEL+ GC B cells in neonatal mice upon vaccination with HEL-OVA.DiscussionCollectively, the data show that CLR-based adjuvants are promising neonatal and infant adjuvants due to their ability to harness Tfh responses in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vono
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Maria Vono,
| | - Beatris Mastelic-Gavillet
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elodie Mohr
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Malin Östensson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josefine Persson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Pejoski
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Hartley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Vaccine Adjuvant Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Vaccine Adjuvant Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnaud M. Didierlaurent
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ali M. Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia (BC) Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Mathew NR, Jayanthan JK, Smirnov IV, Robinson JL, Axelsson H, Nakka SS, Emmanouilidi A, Czarnewski P, Yewdell WT, Schön K, Lebrero-Fernández C, Bernasconi V, Rodin W, Harandi AM, Lycke N, Borcherding N, Yewdell JW, Greiff V, Bemark M, Angeletti D. Single-cell BCR and transcriptome analysis after influenza infection reveals spatiotemporal dynamics of antigen-specific B cells. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111764. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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13
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Bahrami F, Masoudzadeh N, Van Veen S, Persson J, Lari A, Sarvnaz H, Taslimi Y, Östensson M, Andersson B, Sharifi I, Goyonlo VM, Ottenhoff TH, Haks MC, Harandi AM, Rafati S. Blood transcriptional profiles distinguish different clinical stages of cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans. Mol Immunol 2022; 149:165-173. [PMID: 35905592 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease with severe morbidity and socioeconomic sequelae. A better understanding of underlying immune mechanisms that lead to different clinical outcomes of CL could inform the rational design of intervention measures. While transcriptomic analyses of CL lesions were recently reported by us and others, there is a dearth of information on the expression of immune-related genes in the blood of CL patients. Herein, we investigated immune-related gene expression in whole blood samples collected from individuals with different clinical stages of CL along with healthy volunteers in an endemic CL region where Leishmania (L.) tropica is prevalent. Study participants were categorized into asymptomatic (LST+) and healthy uninfected (LST-) groups based on their leishmanin skin test (LST). Whole blood PAXgene samples were collected from volunteers, who had healed CL lesions, and patients with active L. tropica cutaneous lesions. Quality RNA extracted from 57 blood samples were subjected to Dual-color reverse-transcription multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (dcRT-MLPA) assay for profiling 144 immune-related genes. Results show significant changes in the expression of genes involved in interferon signaling pathway in the blood of active CL patients, asymptomatics and healed individuals. Nonetheless, distinct profiles for several immune-related genes were identified in the healed, the asymptomatic, and the CL patients compared to the healthy controls. Among others, IFI16 and CCL11 were found as immune transcript signatures for the healed and the asymptomatic individuals, respectively. These results warrant further exploration to pinpoint novel blood biomarkers for different clinical stages of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Bahrami
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Masoudzadeh
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Suzanne Van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Josefine Persson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arezou Lari
- Systems Biomedicine Unit, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Sarvnaz
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Taslimi
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malin Östensson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Andersson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Iraj Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Tom Hm Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle C Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Sima Rafati
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Persson J, Andersson B, van Veen S, Haks MC, Obudulu O, Torkzadeh S, Ottenhoff TH, Kanberg N, Gisslén M, Andersson LM, Harandi AM. Stratification of COVID-19 patients based on quantitative immune-related gene expression in whole blood. Mol Immunol 2022; 145:17-26. [PMID: 35272104 PMCID: PMC8894815 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes mild symptoms in the majority of infected individuals, yet in some cases it leads to a life-threatening condition. Determination of early predictive biomarkers enabling risk stratification for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients can inform treatment and intervention strategies. Herein, we analyzed whole blood samples obtained from individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, varying from mild to critical symptoms, approximately one week after symptom onset. In order to identify blood-specific markers of disease severity status, a targeted expression analysis of 143 immune-related genes was carried out by dual-color reverse transcriptase multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (dcRT-MLPA). The clinically well-defined subgroups of COVID-19 patients were compared with healthy controls. The transcriptional profile of the critically ill patients clearly separated from that of healthy individuals. Moreover, the number of differentially expressed genes increased by severity of COVID-19. It was also found that critically ill patients can be distinguished by reduced peripheral blood expression of several genes, which most likely reflects the lower lymphocyte counts. There was a notable predominance of IFN-associated gene expression in all subgroups of COVID-19, which was most profound in critically ill patients. Interestingly, the gene encoding one of the main TNF-receptors, TNFRS1A, had selectively lower expression in mild COVID-19 cases. This report provides added value in understanding COVID-19 disease, and shows potential of determining early immune transcript signatures in the blood of patients with different disease severity. These results can guide further explorations to uncover mechanisms underlying immunity and immunopathology in COVID-19.
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15
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Mathew NR, Jayanthan JK, Smirnov IV, Robinson JL, Axelsson H, Nakka SS, Emmanouilidi A, Czarnewski P, Yewdell WT, Schön K, Lebrero-Fernández C, Bernasconi V, Rodin W, Harandi AM, Lycke N, Borcherding N, Yewdell JW, Greiff V, Bemark M, Angeletti D. Single-cell BCR and transcriptome analysis after influenza infection reveals spatiotemporal dynamics of antigen-specific B cells. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109286. [PMID: 34161770 PMCID: PMC7612943 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell responses are critical for antiviral immunity. However, a comprehensive picture of antigen-specific B cell differentiation, clonal proliferation, and dynamics in different organs after infection is lacking. Here, by combining single-cell RNA and B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing of antigen-specific cells in lymph nodes, spleen, and lungs after influenza infection in mice, we identify several germinal center (GC) B cell subpopulations and organ-specific differences that persist over the course of the response. We discover transcriptional differences between memory cells in lungs and lymphoid organs and organ-restricted clonal expansion. Remarkably, we find significant clonal overlap between GC-derived memory and plasma cells. By combining BCR-mutational analyses with monoclonal antibody (mAb) expression and affinity measurements, we find that memory B cells are highly diverse and can be selected from both low- and high-affinity precursors. By linking antigen recognition with transcriptional programming, clonal proliferation, and differentiation, these finding provide important advances in our understanding of antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimitha R Mathew
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jayalal K Jayanthan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ilya V Smirnov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonathan L Robinson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Hannes Axelsson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sravya S Nakka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aikaterini Emmanouilidi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paulo Czarnewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - William T Yewdell
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karin Schön
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cristina Lebrero-Fernández
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Valentina Bernasconi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - William Rodin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nils Lycke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan W Yewdell
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mats Bemark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Davide Angeletti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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16
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Leach S, Harandi AM, Bergström T, Andersson LM, Nilsson S, van der Hoek L, Gisslén M. Comparable endemic coronavirus nucleoprotein-specific antibodies in mild and severe Covid-19 patients. J Med Virol 2021; 93:5614-5617. [PMID: 33913546 PMCID: PMC8242474 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The severity of disease of Covid‐19 is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic to critical respiratory disease and death. Potential cross‐reactive immune responses between SARS‐CoV‐2 and endemic coronavirus (eCoV) may hypothetically contribute to this variability. We herein studied if eCoV nucleoprotein (N)‐specific antibodies in the sera of patients with mild or severe Covid‐19 are associated with Covid‐19 severity. There were comparable levels of eCoV N‐specific antibodies early and during the first month of infection in Covid‐19 patients with mild and severe symptoms, and healthy SARS‐CoV‐2‐negative subjects. These results warrant further studies to investigate the potential role of eCoV‐specific antibodies in immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We found comparable levels of endemic coronavirus nucleoprotein‐specific antibodies in the sera of patients with mild or severe Covid‐19, early and during the first month of infection, and healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Leach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tomas Bergström
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars-Magnus Andersson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Staffan Nilsson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lia van der Hoek
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magnus Gisslén
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Reyes Díaz LM, Lastre González MDSJB, Cuello M, Sierra-González VG, Ramos Pupo R, Lantero MI, Harandi AM, Black S, Pérez O. VA-MENGOC-BC Vaccination Induces Serum and Mucosal Anti Neisseria gonorrhoeae Immune Responses and Reduces the Incidence of Gonorrhea. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40:375-381. [PMID: 33591079 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overall, there are over 30 different sexually transmitted infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae being the third most frequent with a reported 78 million cases per year. Gonococcal infection causes genital inflammation, which can be a risk factor for others sexually transmitted infections, particularly human immunodeficiency virus. Gonorrhea is a treatable disease, but recently an increase in antibiotic resistance has been of concern. There are currently no vaccines available. However, parenteral vaccination with anti N. meningitidis serogroup B vaccine has been reported to decrease the incidence of gonococcal burden in New Zealand and in Cuba despite the fact that parenteral vaccination is not deemed to induce mucosal IgA. Here we explore possible mechanisms of protection against gonococcal infection through parenteral meningococcal B vaccination. METHODS Ninety-two serum, saliva and oropharyngeal swabs samples of young adults (healthy and Neisseria carriers) of the internal higher school were obtained. They have been vaccinated with VA-MENGOC-BC (MBV) during their infancy and boosted with a third dose during this study. Serum and saliva samples were analyzed by ELISA and Western blot to measured IgG and IgA antibodies against N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae antigens. N. meningitidis carriers were determined by standard microbiologic test. In addition, we reviewed epidemiologic data for N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae infections in Cuba. RESULTS Epidemiologic data show the influence of MBV over gonorrhea incidence suggesting to be dependent of sexual arrival age of vaccines but not over syphilis. Laboratorial data permit the detection of 70 and 22 noncarriers and carriers of N. meningitidis, respectively. Serum anti-MBV antigens (PL) responses were boosted by a third dose and were independent of carriage stages, but saliva anti-PL IgA responses were only present and were significant induced in carriers subjects. Carriers boosted with a third dose of MBV induced similar antigonococcal and -PL saliva IgA and serum IgG responses; meanwhile, serum antigonococcal IgG was significantly lower. In saliva, at least 2 gonococcal antigens were identified by Western blot. Finally, gonococcal-specific mucosal IgA antibody responses, in addition to the serum IgG antibodies, might contributed to the reduction of the incidence of N. gonorrhoeae. We hypothesize that this might have contributed to the observed reductions of the incidence of N. gonorrhoeae. CONCLUSION These results suggest a mechanism for the influence of a Proteoliposome-based meningococcal BC vaccine on gonococcal incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Reyes Díaz
- From the Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas "Victoria de Girón," Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Maribel Cuello
- Facultad de Ingenierías, Universidad Técnica "Luis Vargas Torres" de Esmeraldas, Esmeralda, Ecuador
| | | | - Raúl Ramos Pupo
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas "Victoria de Girón," Havana, Cuba
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven Black
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Oliver Pérez
- From the Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas "Victoria de Girón," Havana, Cuba
- Latin American and Caribean Association of Immunology (ALACI), Havana, Cuba
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18
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Masoudzadeh N, Östensson M, Persson J, Mashayekhi Goyonlo V, Agbajogu C, Taslimi Y, Erfanian Salim R, Zahedifard F, Mizbani A, Malekafzali Ardekani H, Gunn BM, Rafati S, Harandi AM. Molecular signatures of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in the lesions of patients infected with Leishmania tropica. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16198. [PMID: 33004861 PMCID: PMC7529897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania tropica (L. tropica) represents a public health challenge in several resource poor settings. We herein employed a systems analysis approach to study molecular signatures of CL caused by L. tropica in the skin lesions of ulcerative CL (UCL) and non-ulcerative CL (NUCL) patients. Results from RNA-seq analysis determined shared and unique functional transcriptional pathways in the lesions of the UCL and NUCL patients. Several transcriptional pathways involved in inflammatory response were positively enriched in the CL lesions. A multiplexed inflammatory protein analysis showed differential profiles of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the UCL and NUCL lesions. Transcriptional pathways for Fcγ receptor dependent phagocytosis were among shared enriched pathways. Using L. tropica specific antibody (Ab)-mediated phagocytosis assays, we could substantiate Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and Ab-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP) activities in the lesions of the UCL and NUCL patients, which correlated with L. tropica specific IgG Abs. Interestingly, a negative correlation was observed between parasite load and L. tropica specific IgG/ADCP/ADNP in the skin lesions of CL patients. These results enhance our understanding of human skin response to CL caused by L. tropica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Masoudzadeh
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malin Östensson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josefine Persson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Christopher Agbajogu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yasaman Taslimi
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farnaz Zahedifard
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Sima Rafati
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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19
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Taslimi Y, Agbajogu C, Brynjolfsson SF, Masoudzadeh N, Mashayekhi V, Gharibzadeh S, Östensson M, Nakka SS, Mizbani A, Rafati S, Harandi AM. Profiling inflammatory response in lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients using a non-invasive sampling method combined with a high-throughput protein detection assay. Cytokine 2020; 130:155056. [PMID: 32199248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an infection caused by Leishmania (L.) protozoa transmitted through the bite of infected sand fly. Previously, invasive sampling of blood and skin along with low throughput methods were used for determination of inflammatory response in CL patients. AIMS/METHODOLOGY We established a novel approach based on a non-invasive adhesive tape-disc sampling combined with a powerful multiplexing technique called proximity extension assay for profiling 92 inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and surface molecules in the lesions of CL patients infected with L. tropica. Sample collection was done non-invasively by using adhesive tape-discs from lesion and normal skin of 33 L. tropica positive patients. RESULTS Out of 92 inflammatory proteins, the level of 34 proteins was significantly increased in the lesions of CL patients compared to their normal skin. This includes the chemokines CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, together with the interleukins IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, LIF and OSM. The remaining significantly changed inflammatory proteins include 7 surface molecules and receptors: CD5, CD40, CDCP1, 4E-BP1, TNFRSF9, IL-18R1 and OPG as well as 16 other cytokines and proteins: MMP-1, CSF-1, VEGFA, uPA, EN-RAGE, LAP TGF-β1, HGF, MMP-10, CASP-8, TNFSF14, STAMPB, ADA, TRAIL and ST1A1. Further, 13 proteins showed an increasing trend, albeit not statistically significant, in the CL lesions, including TGF-α, CCL23, MCP-2, IL-12B, CXCL6, IL-24, FGF-19, TNFβ, CD6, TRANCE, IL10, SIR2 and CCL20. CONCLUSION We herein report a novel approach based on a non-invasive sampling method combined with the high-throughput protein assay for profiling inflammatory proteins in CL lesions. Using this approach, we could profile inflammatory proteins in the lesions from CL patients. This new non-invasive approach may have implications for studying skin inflammatory mediators in CL and other skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Taslimi
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christopher Agbajogu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Nasrin Masoudzadeh
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mashayekhi
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Safoora Gharibzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malin Östensson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sravya Sowdamini Nakka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Sima Rafati
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Canada.
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20
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Khoomrung S, Nookaew I, Sen P, Olafsdottir TA, Persson J, Moritz T, Andersen P, Harandi AM, Nielsen J. Metabolic Profiling and Compound-Class Identification Reveal Alterations in Serum Triglyceride Levels in Mice Immunized with Human Vaccine Adjuvant Alum. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:269-278. [PMID: 31625748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alum has been widely used as an adjuvant for human vaccines; however, the impact of Alum on host metabolism remains largely unknown. Herein, we applied mass spectrometry (MS) (liquid chromatography-MS)-based metabolic and lipid profiling to monitor the effects of the Alum adjuvant on mouse serum at 6, 24, 72, and 168 h post-vaccination. We propose a new strategy termed subclass identification and annotation for metabolomics for class-wise identification of untargeted metabolomics data generated from high-resolution MS. Using this approach, we identified and validated the levels of several lipids in mouse serum that were significantly altered following Alum administration. These lipids showed a biphasic response even 168 h after vaccination. The majority of the lipids were triglycerides (TAGs), where TAGs with long-chain unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) decreased at 24 h and TAGs with short-chain FAs decreased at 168 h. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the impact of human vaccine adjuvant Alum on the host metabolome, which may provide new insights into the mechanism of action of Alum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakda Khoomrung
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg SE-412 96 , Sweden.,Department of Biochemistry and Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok 10700 , Thailand.,Center for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science , Mahidol University , Rama 6 Road , Bangkok 10400 , Thailand
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg SE-412 96 , Sweden.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock 72205 , United States
| | - Partho Sen
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg SE-412 96 , Sweden
| | - Thorunn A Olafsdottir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg SE-405 30 , Sweden
| | - Josefine Persson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg SE-405 30 , Sweden
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Umeå 750 07 , Sweden
| | | | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg SE-405 30 , Sweden.,Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute , The University of British Columbia , 950 West 28th Avenue , Vancouver , BC V5Z 4H4 , Canada
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg SE-412 96 , Sweden
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21
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Aradottir Pind AA, Dubik M, Thorsdottir S, Meinke A, Harandi AM, Holmgren J, Del Giudice G, Jonsdottir I, Bjarnarson SP. Adjuvants Enhance the Induction of Germinal Center and Antibody Secreting Cells in Spleen and Their Persistence in Bone Marrow of Neonatal Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2214. [PMID: 31616417 PMCID: PMC6775194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immaturity of the immune system contributes to poor vaccine responses in early life. Germinal center (GC) activation is limited due to poorly developed follicular dendritic cells (FDC), causing generation of few antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) with limited survival and transient antibody responses. Herein, we compared the potential of five adjuvants, namely LT-K63, mmCT, MF59, IC31, and alum to overcome limitations of the neonatal immune system and to enhance and prolong responses of neonatal mice to a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Pnc1-TT. The adjuvants LT-K63, mmCT, MF59, and IC31 significantly enhanced GC formation and FDC maturation in neonatal mice when co-administered with Pnc1-TT. This enhanced GC induction correlated with significantly enhanced vaccine-specific ASCs by LT-K63, mmCT, and MF59 in spleen 14 days after immunization. Furthermore, mmCT, MF59, and IC31 prolonged the induction of vaccine-specific ASCs in spleen and increased their persistence in bone marrow up to 9 weeks after immunization, as previously shown for LT-K63. Accordingly, serum Abs persisted above protective levels against pneumococcal bacteremia and pneumonia. In contrast, alum only enhanced the primary induction of vaccine-specific IgG Abs, which was transient. Our comparative study demonstrated that, in contrast to alum, LT-K63, mmCT, MF59, and IC31 can overcome limitations of the neonatal immune system and enhance both induction and persistence of protective immune response when administered with Pnc1-TT. These adjuvants are promising candidates for early life vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audur Anna Aradottir Pind
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Magdalena Dubik
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sigrun Thorsdottir
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jan Holmgren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,University of Gothenburg Vaccine Research Institute (GUVAX), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Stefania P Bjarnarson
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7A, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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23
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Abstract
The discovery and wide spread use of vaccines have saved millions of lives in the past few decades. Vaccine adjuvants represent an integral part of the modern vaccines. Despite numerous efforts, however, only a handful of vaccine adjuvants is currently available for human use. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of action of adjuvants is pivotal to harness the potential of existing and new adjuvants in mounting desirable immune responses to counter human pathogens. Decomposing the host response to vaccines and its components at systems level has recently been made possible owing to the recent advancements in Omics technology and cutting edge immunological assays powered by systems biology approaches. This approach has begun to shed light on the molecular signatures of several human vaccines and adjuvants. This review is an attempt to provide an overview of the recent efforts in systems analysis of vaccine adjuvants that are currently in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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24
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Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an immune-mediated skin pathology caused mainly by Leishmania (L.) major, Leishmania tropica, Leishmania braziliensis, L. mexicana, and L. amazonensis. The burden of CL in terms of morbidity and social stigmas are concentrated on certain developing countries in Asia, Africa, and South America. People with asymptomatic CL represent a large proportion of the infected individuals in the endemic areas who exhibit no lesion and can control the infection by as yet not fully understood mechanisms. Currently, there is no approved prophylactic control measure for CL. Discovery of biomarkers of CL infection and immunity can inform the development of more precise diagnostics tools as well as curative or preventive strategies to control CL. Herein, we provide a brief overview of the state-of-the-art for the biomarkers of CL with a special emphasis on the asymptomatic CL biomarkers. Among the identified CL biomarkers so far, direct biomarkers which indicate the actual presence of the infection as well as indirect biomarkers which reflect the host's reaction to the infection, such as alterations in delayed type hypersensitivity, T-cell subpopulations and cytokines, adenosine deaminase, and antibodies against the sand fly saliva proteins are discussed in detail. The future avenues such as the use of systems analysis to identify and characterize novel CL biomarkers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Bahrami
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sima Rafati
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Anderson J, Olafsdottir TA, Kratochvil S, McKay PF, Östensson M, Persson J, Shattock RJ, Harandi AM. Molecular Signatures of a TLR4 Agonist-Adjuvanted HIV-1 Vaccine Candidate in Humans. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29535712 PMCID: PMC5834766 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systems biology approaches have recently provided new insights into the mechanisms of action of human vaccines and adjuvants. Here, we investigated early transcriptional signatures induced in whole blood of healthy subjects following vaccination with a recombinant HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein subunit CN54gp140 adjuvanted with the TLR4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant-aqueous formulation (GLA-AF) and correlated signatures to CN54gp140-specific serum antibody responses. Fourteen healthy volunteers aged 18–45 years were immunized intramuscularly three times at 1-month intervals and whole blood samples were collected at baseline, 6 h, and 1, 3, and 7 days post first immunization. Subtle changes in the transcriptomic profiles were observed following immunization, ranging from over 300 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at day 1 to nearly 100 DEGs at day 7 following immunization. Functional pathway analysis revealed blood transcription modules (BTMs) related to general cell cycle activation, and innate immune cell activation at early time points, as well as BTMs related to T cells and B cell activation at the later time points post-immunization. Diverse CN54gp140-specific serum antibody responses of the subjects enabled their categorization into high or low responders, at early (<1 month) and late (up to 6 months) time points post vaccination. BTM analyses revealed repression of modules enriched in NK cells, and the mitochondrial electron chain, in individuals with high or sustained antigen-specific antibody responses. However, low responders showed an enhancement of BTMs associated with enrichment in myeloid cells and monocytes as well as integrin cell surface interactions. Flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from the subjects revealed an enhanced frequency of CD56dim NK cells in the majority of vaccines 14 days after vaccination as compared with the baseline. These results emphasize the utility of a systems biology approach to enhance our understanding on the mechanisms of action of TLR4 adjuvanted human vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Anderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thorunn A Olafsdottir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sven Kratochvil
- Department of Medicine, Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Section of Virology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul F McKay
- Department of Medicine, Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Section of Virology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Malin Östensson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josefine Persson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robin J Shattock
- Department of Medicine, Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Section of Virology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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26
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Huttner A, Combescure C, Grillet S, Haks MC, Quinten E, Modoux C, Agnandji ST, Brosnahan J, Dayer JA, Harandi AM, Kaiser L, Medaglini D, Monath T, Roux-Lombard P, Kremsner PG, Ottenhoff THM, Siegrist CA. A dose-dependent plasma signature of the safety and immunogenicity of the rVSV-Ebola vaccine in Europe and Africa. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/385/eaaj1701. [PMID: 28404856 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaj1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 2014-2015 Ebola epidemic affected several African countries, claiming more than 11,000 lives and leaving thousands with ongoing sequelae. Safe and effective vaccines could prevent or limit future outbreaks. The recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-vectored Zaire Ebola (rVSV-ZEBOV) vaccine has shown marked immunogenicity and efficacy in humans but is reactogenic at higher doses. To understand its effects, we examined plasma samples from 115 healthy volunteers from Geneva who received low-dose (LD) or high-dose (HD) vaccine or placebo. Fifteen plasma chemokines/cytokines were assessed at baseline and on days 1, 2 to 3, and 7 after injection. Significant increases in monocyte-mediated MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1β/CCL4, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1Ra, and IL-10 occurred on day 1. A signature explaining 68% of cytokine/chemokine vaccine-response variability was identified. Its score was higher in HD versus LD vaccinees and was associated positively with vaccine viremia and negatively with cytopenia. It was higher in vaccinees with injection-site pain, fever, myalgia, chills, and headache; higher scores reflected increasing severity. In contrast, HD vaccinees who subsequently developed arthritis had lower day 1 scores than other HD vaccinees. Vaccine dose did not influence the signature despite its influence on specific outcomes. The Geneva-derived signature associated strongly (ρ = 0.97) with that of a cohort of 75 vaccinees from a parallel trial in Lambaréné, Gabon. Its score in Geneva HD vaccinees with subsequent arthritis was significantly lower than that in Lambaréné HD vaccinees, none of whom experienced arthritis. This signature, which reveals monocytes' critical role in rVSV-ZEBOV immunogenicity and safety across doses and continents, should prove useful in assessments of other vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Huttner
- Infection Control Program, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Combescure
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Grillet
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mariëlle C Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Edwin Quinten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Christine Modoux
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Selidji Todagbe Agnandji
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Julie-Anne Dayer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Sclavo Vaccines Association, Siena, Italy
| | - Tom Monath
- NewLink Genetics Corp., 94 Jackson Road, Devens, MA 01439, USA
| | | | - Pascale Roux-Lombard
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland. .,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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27
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Persson J, Zhang Y, Olafsdottir TA, Thörn K, Cairns TM, Wegmann F, Sattentau QJ, Eisenberg RJ, Cohen GH, Harandi AM. Nasal Immunization Confers High Avidity Neutralizing Antibody Response and Immunity to Primary and Recurrent Genital Herpes in Guinea Pigs. Front Immunol 2016; 7:640. [PMID: 28082979 PMCID: PMC5183738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genital herpes is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections in both the developing and developed world. Following infection, individuals experience life-long latency associated with sporadic ulcerative outbreaks. Despite many efforts, no vaccine has yet been licensed for human use. Herein, we demonstrated that nasal immunization with an adjuvanted HSV-2 gD envelope protein mounts significant protection to primary infection as well as the establishment of latency and recurrent genital herpes in guinea pigs. Nasal immunization was shown to elicit specific T cell proliferative and IFN-γ responses as well as systemic and vaginal gD-specific IgG antibody (Ab) responses. Furthermore, systemic IgG Abs displayed potent HSV-2 neutralizing properties and high avidity. By employing a competitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis combined with a battery of known gD-specific neutralizing monoclonal Abs (MAbs), we showed that nasal immunization generated IgG Abs directed to two major discontinuous neutralizing epitopes of gD. These results highlight the potential of nasal immunization with an adjuvanted HSV-2 envelope protein for induction of protective immunity to primary and recurrent genital herpes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Persson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Thorunn A Olafsdottir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Karolina Thörn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Tina M Cairns
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Frank Wegmann
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | | | - Roselyn J Eisenberg
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Gary H Cohen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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28
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Olafsdottir TA, Lindqvist M, Nookaew I, Andersen P, Maertzdorf J, Persson J, Christensen D, Zhang Y, Anderson J, Khoomrung S, Sen P, Agger EM, Coler R, Carter D, Meinke A, Rappuoli R, Kaufmann SHE, Reed SG, Harandi AM. Comparative Systems Analyses Reveal Molecular Signatures of Clinically tested Vaccine Adjuvants. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39097. [PMID: 27958370 PMCID: PMC5153655 DOI: 10.1038/srep39097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the mechanisms of action of human adjuvants could inform a rational development of next generation vaccines for human use. Here, we exploited a genome wide transcriptomics analysis combined with a systems biology approach to determine the molecular signatures induced by four clinically tested vaccine adjuvants, namely CAF01, IC31, GLA-SE and Alum in mice. We report signature molecules, pathways, gene modules and networks, which are shared by or otherwise exclusive to these clinical-grade adjuvants in whole blood and draining lymph nodes of mice. Intriguingly, co-expression analysis revealed blood gene modules highly enriched for molecules with documented roles in T follicular helper (TFH) and germinal center (GC) responses. We could show that all adjuvants enhanced, although with different magnitude and kinetics, TFH and GC B cell responses in draining lymph nodes. These results represent, to our knowledge, the first comparative systems analysis of clinically tested vaccine adjuvants that may provide new insights into the mechanisms of action of human adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorunn A Olafsdottir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madelene Lindqvist
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers, University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Peter Andersen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeroen Maertzdorf
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josefine Persson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenna Anderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sakda Khoomrung
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers, University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Partho Sen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers, University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Else Marie Agger
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rhea Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Darrick Carter
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andreas Meinke
- Valneva Austria GmbH, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steven G Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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29
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Abstract
With an emphasis on systems analyses, the VSV-EBOVAC project harnesses state-of-the-art technologies that illuminate mechanisms behind the observed immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine and ensures that such information is shared among stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donata Medaglini
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia Molecolare e Biotecnologia (LA.M.M.B.), Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy. Sclavo Vaccines Association, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7A, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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30
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Bardel E, Doucet-Ladeveze R, Mathieu C, Harandi AM, Dubois B, Kaiserlian D. Intradermal immunisation using the TLR3-ligand Poly (I:C) as adjuvant induces mucosal antibody responses and protects against genital HSV-2 infection. NPJ Vaccines 2016; 1:16010. [PMID: 29263853 PMCID: PMC5707913 DOI: 10.1038/npjvaccines.2016.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of vaccines able to induce mucosal immunity in the genital and gastrointestinal tracts is a major challenge to counter sexually transmitted pathogens such as HIV-1 and HSV-2. Herein, we showed that intradermal (ID) immunisation with sub-unit vaccine antigens (i.e., HIV-1 gp140 and HSV-2 gD) delivered with Poly(I:C) or CpG1668 as adjuvant induces long-lasting virus-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)-G and IgA antibodies in the vagina and feces. Poly(I:C)-supplemented sub-unit viral vaccines caused minimal skin reactogenicity at variance to those containing CpG1668, promoted a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to the vaccine and protected mice from genital and neurological symptoms after a lethal vaginal HSV-2 challenge. Interestingly, Poly(I:C12U) (Ampligen), a Poly(I:C) structural analogue that binds to TLR3 but not MDA-5, promoted robust mucosal and systemic IgG antibodies, a weak skin DTH to the vaccine but not IgA responses and failed to confer protection against HSV-2 infection. Moreover, Poly(I:C) was far superior to Poly(I:C12U) at inducing prompt and robust upregulation of IFNß transcripts in lymph nodes draining the injection site. These data illustrate that ID vaccination with glycoproteins and Poly(I:C) as adjuvant promotes long-lasting mucosal immunity and protection from genital HSV-2 infection, with an acceptable skin reactogenicity profile. The ID route thus appears to be an unexpected inductive site for mucosal immunity and anti-viral protection suitable for sub-unit vaccines. This works further highlights that TLR3/MDA5 agonists such as Poly(I:C) may be valuable adjuvants for ID vaccination against sexually transmitted diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Bardel
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Mucosal Immunity, Vaccination & Biotherapy Laboratory, Inserm U-1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Remi Doucet-Ladeveze
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Mucosal Immunity, Vaccination & Biotherapy Laboratory, Inserm U-1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Immunobiology of Viral Infections Laboratory, Inserm U-1111, CNRS UMR5308, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bertrand Dubois
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Mucosal Immunity, Vaccination & Biotherapy Laboratory, Inserm U-1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Kaiserlian
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Mucosal Immunity, Vaccination & Biotherapy Laboratory, Inserm U-1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
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31
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Knudsen NPH, Olsen A, Buonsanti C, Follmann F, Zhang Y, Coler RN, Fox CB, Meinke A, D'Oro U, Casini D, Bonci A, Billeskov R, De Gregorio E, Rappuoli R, Harandi AM, Andersen P, Agger EM. Different human vaccine adjuvants promote distinct antigen-independent immunological signatures tailored to different pathogens. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19570. [PMID: 26791076 PMCID: PMC4726129 DOI: 10.1038/srep19570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of vaccine candidates in clinical development are highly purified proteins and peptides relying on adjuvants to enhance and/or direct immune responses. Despite the acknowledged need for novel adjuvants, there are still very few adjuvants in licensed human vaccines. A vast number of adjuvants have been tested pre-clinically using different experimental conditions, rendering it impossible to directly compare their activity. We performed a head-to-head comparison of five different adjuvants Alum, MF59®, GLA-SE, IC31® and CAF01 in mice and combined these with antigens from M. tuberculosis, influenza, and chlamydia to test immune-profiles and efficacy in infection models using standardized protocols. Regardless of antigen, each adjuvant had a unique immunological signature suggesting that the adjuvants have potential for different disease targets. Alum increased antibody titers; MF59® induced strong antibody and IL-5 responses; GLA-SE induced antibodies and Th1; CAF01 showed a mixed Th1/Th17 profile and IC31® induced strong Th1 responses. MF59® and GLA-SE were strong inducers of influenza HI titers while CAF01, GLA-SE and IC31® enhanced protection to TB and chlamydia. Importantly, this is the first extensive attempt to categorize clinical-grade adjuvants based on their immune profiles and protective efficacy to inform a rational development of next generation vaccines for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Peter H Knudsen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Olsen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Buonsanti
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics s.r.l (a GSK Company), Siena, Italy
| | - Frank Follmann
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rhea N Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Ugo D'Oro
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics s.r.l (a GSK Company), Siena, Italy
| | - Daniele Casini
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics s.r.l (a GSK Company), Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bonci
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics s.r.l (a GSK Company), Siena, Italy
| | - Rolf Billeskov
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ennio De Gregorio
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics s.r.l (a GSK Company), Siena, Italy
| | - Rino Rappuoli
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics s.r.l (a GSK Company), Siena, Italy
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Andersen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Else Marie Agger
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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32
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Abstract
Mass vaccination has saved millions of human lives and improved the quality of life in both developing and developed countries. The emergence of new pathogens and inadequate protection conferred by some of the existing vaccines such as vaccines for tuberculosis, influenza and pertussis especially in certain age groups have resulted in a move from empirically developed vaccines toward more pathogen tailored and rationally engineered vaccines. A deeper understanding of the interaction of innate and adaptive immunity at molecular level enables the development of vaccines that selectively target certain type of immune responses without excessive reactogenicity. Adjuvants constitute an imperative element of modern vaccines. Although a variety of candidate adjuvants have been evaluated in the past few decades, only a limited number of vaccine adjuvants are currently available for human use. A better understanding of the mode of action of adjuvants is pivotal to harness the potential of existing and new adjuvants in shaping a desired immune response. Recent advancement in systems biology powered by the emerging cutting edge omics technology has led to the identification of molecular signatures rapidly induced after vaccination in the blood that correlate and predict a later protective immune response or vaccine safety. This can pave ways to prospectively determine the potency and safety of vaccines and adjuvants. This review is intended to highlight the importance of big data analysis in advancing our understanding of the mechanisms of actions of adjuvants to inform rational development of future human vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorunn Olafsdottir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7A, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madelene Lindqvist
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7A, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7A, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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33
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Aboul-Ata AAE, Vitti A, Nuzzaci M, El-Attar AK, Piazzolla G, Tortorella C, Harandi AM, Olson O, Wright SA, Piazzolla P. Plant-based vaccines: novel and low-cost possible route for Mediterranean innovative vaccination strategies. Adv Virus Res 2014; 89:1-37. [PMID: 24751193 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800172-1.00001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A plant bioreactor has enormous capability as a system that supports many biological activities, that is, production of plant bodies, virus-like particles (VLPs), and vaccines. Foreign gene expression is an efficient mechanism for getting protein vaccines against different human viral and nonviral diseases. Plants make it easy to deal with safe, inexpensive, and provide trouble-free storage. The broad spectrum of safe gene promoters is being used to avoid risk assessments. Engineered virus-based vectors have no side effect. The process can be manipulated as follows: (a) retrieve and select gene encoding, use an antigenic protein from GenBank and/or from a viral-genome sequence, (b) design and construct hybrid-virus vectors (viral vector with a gene of interest) eventually flanked by plant-specific genetic regulatory elements for constitutive expression for obtaining chimeric virus, (c) gene transformation and/or transfection, for transient expression, into a plant-host model, that is, tobacco, to get protocols processed positively, and then moving into edible host plants, (d) confirmation of protein expression by bioassay, PCR-associated tests (RT-PCR), Northern and Western blotting analysis, and serological assay (ELISA), (e) expression for adjuvant recombinant protein seeking better antigenicity, (f) extraction and purification of expressed protein for identification and dosing, (g) antigenicity capability evaluated using parental or oral delivery in animal models (mice and/or rabbit immunization), and (h) growing of construct-treated edible crops in protective green houses. Some successful cases of heterologous gene-expressed protein, as edible vaccine, are being discussed, that is, hepatitis C virus (HCV). R9 mimotope, also named hypervariable region 1 (HVR1), was derived from the HVR1 of HCV. It was used as a potential neutralizing epitope of HCV. The mimotope was expressed using cucumber mosaic virus coat protein (CP), alfalfa mosaic virus CP P3/RNA3, and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) CP-tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) CP as expression vectors into tobacco plants. Expressed recombinant protein has not only been confirmed as a therapeutic but also as a diagnostic tool. Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), HSV-2 gD, and HSV-2 VP16 subunits were transfected into tobacco plants, using TMV CP-TMGMV CP expression vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboul-Ata E Aboul-Ata
- Molecular Biology Laboratory II, Plant Virus and Phytoplasma Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Antonella Vitti
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Nuzzaci
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Ahmad K El-Attar
- Molecular Biology Laboratory II, Plant Virus and Phytoplasma Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
| | - Giuseppina Piazzolla
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Allergology and Immunology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Cosimo Tortorella
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Allergology and Immunology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olof Olson
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandra A Wright
- Department of Electronics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Pasquale Piazzolla
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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34
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Jespers V, Harandi AM, Hinkula J, Medaglini D, Grand RL, Stahl-Hennig C, Bogers W, Habib RE, Wegmann F, Fraser C, Cranage M, Shattock RJ, Spetz AL. Assessment of mucosal immunity to HIV-1. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 9:381-94. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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35
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Wegmann F, Gartlan KH, Harandi AM, Brinckmann SA, Coccia M, Hillson WR, Kok WL, Cole S, Ho LP, Lambe T, Puthia M, Svanborg C, Scherer EM, Krashias G, Williams A, Blattman JN, Greenberg PD, Flavell RA, Moghaddam AE, Sheppard NC, Sattentau QJ. Polyethyleneimine is a potent mucosal adjuvant for viral glycoprotein antigens. Nat Biotechnol 2013; 30:883-8. [PMID: 22922673 PMCID: PMC3496939 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protection against mucosally transmitted infections probably requires immunity at the site of pathogen entry, yet there are no mucosal adjuvant formulations licensed for human use. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) represents a family of organic polycations used as nucleic acid transfection reagents in vitro and DNA vaccine delivery vehicles in vivo. Here we show that diverse PEI forms have potent mucosal adjuvant activity for viral subunit glycoprotein antigens. A single intranasal administration of influenza hemagglutinin or herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein D with PEI elicited robust antibody-mediated protection from an otherwise lethal infection, and was superior to existing experimental mucosal adjuvants. PEI formed nanoscale complexes with antigen, which were taken up by antigen-presenting cells in vitro and in vivo, promoted dendritic cell trafficking to draining lymph nodes and induced non-proinflammatory cytokine responses. PEI adjuvanticity required release of host double-stranded DNA that triggered Irf3-dependent signaling. PEI therefore merits further investigation as a mucosal adjuvant for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Wegmann
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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36
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Abstract
Vaccines have proved to be the most successful preventive measure against a variety of infectious diseases. Owing to the potential safety concerns associated with the use of live-attenuated or killed pathogens, there is currently a drive to discover defined subunits of pathogens or recombinant molecules for new vaccines. The development of safe and potent vaccine adjuvants with the ability to enhance and direct broad and durable immune responses to these otherwise poorly immunogenic antigens is hence a top priority. The 4th International Conference on Immunopotentiators in Modern Vaccines, held in Porto, Portugal, 6–8 April 2011, offered an international forum for reviewing the current status of research and development, as well as application of novel immunopotentiators and vaccine adjuvants to vaccines. During the 3-day meeting, a stimulating and diverse mixture of presentations were presented. This report attempts to highlight a selected number of presentations of this meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - James Brewer
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Virgil Schijns
- Cell Biology & Immunology Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
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37
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Abstract
The vast majority of pathogens invade the body through or establish infections in the mucosal tissues. Development of vaccines to combat mucosal infections represents a top priority. Mucosal immunization has recently attracted much interest as a means of generating protective immunity against mucosal pathogens. Conversely, only very few mucosal vaccines are presently approved for human use. The development of a broad range of mucosal vaccines will necessitate the development of safe and effective mucosal adjuvants and delivery systems. Over the past decade, a number of immunomodulatory agents, including toxin based adjuvants, Toll like receptor (TLR) mimetics and non TLR-targeting immunostimulators as well as delivery systems have shown promise for mucosal administration in experimental animals. However, their possible use in humans remains to be established. This paper attempts to provide a brief overview of the mucosal immunization and adjuvants with an emphasis on mucosal adjuvants in or close to clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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38
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Del Campo J, Lindqvist M, Cuello M, Bäckström M, Cabrerra O, Persson J, Perez O, Harandi AM. Intranasal immunization with a proteoliposome-derived cochleate containing recombinant gD protein confers protective immunity against genital herpes in mice. Vaccine 2010; 28:1193-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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39
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Lindqvist M, Navabi N, Jansson M, Sjöling Å, Örndal C, Harandi AM. P02-11. Correlate of local adjuvanticity and inflammation for experimental vaginal adjuvants in mice. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767648 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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40
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Lindqvist M, Navabi N, Jansson M, Samuelson E, Sjöling A, Orndal C, Harandi AM. Local cytokine and inflammatory responses to candidate vaginal adjuvants in mice. Vaccine 2009; 28:270-8. [PMID: 19800444 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The current study was undertaken to explore the correlation of adjuvanticity and local inflammatory response elicited in the murine vagina and the draining lymph nodes following local administration of two candidate vaginal adjuvants, Toll like receptor (TLR) 9 agonist CpG ODN, and a non-TLR targeting molecule alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer). Using real-time PCR array analysis, we could show that a group of 13 common cytokine genes are activated in the vagina within 24h after vaginal administration of these adjuvants, including Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl12, Ccl19, Ccl20, Ccl22, Cxcl1, Cxcl5, Il10 and the Th1-inducing molecules Ifng, Cxcl9, Cxcl10 and Cxcl11. A high degree of inflammation in and damage to the epithelium was exclusively observed in the vagina of the CpG ODN treated mice, which was reversed within 48h. These results indicate that there is a group of common genes that correlate with the adjuvanticity of CpG ODN and alpha-GalCer in the vagina, and that alpha-GalCer induces less of local inflammatory reactions in the murine vagina compared to CpG ODN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelene Lindqvist
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7A, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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41
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Cheng C, Bettahi I, Cruz-Fisher MI, Pal S, Jain P, Jia Z, Holmgren J, Harandi AM, de la Maza LM. Induction of protective immunity by vaccination against Chlamydia trachomatis using the major outer membrane protein adjuvanted with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide coupled to the nontoxic B subunit of cholera toxin. Vaccine 2009; 27:6239-46. [PMID: 19686693 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to test the efficacy of immunization with the native major outer membrane protein (nMOMP) of Chlamydia trachomatis mouse pneumonitis (MoPn) serovar in combination with a novel immunostimulatory adjuvant consisting of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) linked to the nontoxic B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB-CpG) to elicit a protective immune response to C. trachomatis. High levels of Chlamydia-specific IgG antibodies were detected in the sera from BALB/c mice immunized intramuscularly and subcutaneously (i.m.+s.c.) with the nMOMP/CTB-CpG vaccine or with nMOMP adjuvanted with a mixture of CT and CpG ODN (CT+CpG). Further, these immunization schemes gave rise to significant T-cell-mediated Chlamydia-specific immune responses. No Chlamydia-specific humoral or cell-mediated immune responses were detected in the control mice vaccinated with ovalbumin together with either CTB-CpG or CT+CpG. Following an intranasal challenge with C. trachomatis the groups of mice immunized with nMOMP plus CTB-CpG, CT+CpG or live C. trachomatis were found to be protected based on their change in body weight and lung weight as well as number of inclusion forming unit recovered from the lungs, as compared with control groups immunized with ovalbumin plus either adjuvants. Interestingly, IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+), but not CD8(+), T-cells showed a significant correlation with the outcomes of the challenge. In conclusion, nMOMP in combination with the novel adjuvant CTB-CpG elicited a significant antigen-specific antibody and cell-mediated immune responses as well as protection against a pulmonary challenge with C. trachomatis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Sciences, I, Room D440, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4800, USA
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Lindqvist M, Persson J, Thörn K, Harandi AM. The Mucosal Adjuvant Effect of α-Galactosylceramide for Induction of Protective Immunity to Sexually Transmitted Viral Infection. J Immunol 2009; 182:6435-43. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
The majority of vaccine antigens currently under investigation represent recombinant molecules or subunits of pathogens with little or no inherent immunostimulatory property. The development of safe and potent immunologic adjuvants that can increase and direct vaccine-specific immunity is, therefore, required urgently. At the same time, the discovery of Toll-like receptors and other innate immune receptors with the ability to bridge innate immune responses and adaptive immunity is offering unprecedented opportunities for the development of novel adjuvants. However, research on vaccine adjuvants has so far received little attention as an independent scientific priority from most of the main research-funding agencies and policy makers. Further, adjuvant research and development is currently spread over a wide number of highly diverse organizations, including large commercial companies, small biotech enterprises as well as publicly funded research organizations and academia. More efforts are, therefore, needed to highlight the importance of vaccine adjuvants on the global research agenda and to encourage collaboration and flow of information between different stakeholders. This article attempts to underline scientific challenges and strategic priorities in the development of vaccine adjuvants for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Abstract
The 4th International Workshop in Vaccine Adjuvants and Parasitic Vaccines (Adjuvant 2008), hosted by the Cuban Society for Immunology, attracted approximately 70 scientists from 22 countries. The meeting goal was mainly to share recent progress and discuss future challenges regarding vaccine adjuvants for the development of mucosal vaccines, as well as antiparasitic vaccines. Five keynote addresses, 21 oral presentations and 28 posters were presented, and the meeting was ended with a 'hot-topic' session discussing future challenges. This article highlights the most important issues discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pérez
- Department of Immunology, Research Vice-Presidency, Finlay Institute, PO Box 16017, Havana, Cuba.
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Nowroozalizadeh S, Jansson M, Adamsson J, Lindblad M, Fenyö EM, Holmgren J, Harandi AM. Suppression of HIV replication in vitro by CpG and CpG conjugated to the non toxic B subunit of cholera toxin. Curr HIV Res 2008; 6:230-8. [PMID: 18473786 DOI: 10.2174/157016208784325038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Administration of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing CpG motifs generates a rapid and potent response of CC-chemokines, known as ligands of the HIV-1 co-receptor CCR5, in the murine female genital tract. The present study explored the potential HIV inhibitory activities of different human CpG prototypes either alone or conjugated to the non-toxic subunit of cholera toxin (CTB). Results showed that in vitro replication of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 can be suppressed by different human CpG prototypes. Importantly, the conjugation of CpG ODN to CTB (CTB-CpG) enhanced the antiviral activity of CpG against primary HIV-1 isolates of both R5 and X4 phenotypes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as well as U87.CD4 co-receptor indicator cells. CTB-CpGs triggered higher amounts of MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta in PBMC than the corresponding CpG ODNs, which may explain the superior antiviral effect of CTB-CpG against R5 virus in PBMC. Incubation of PBMC with CpG ODN and CTB-CpG did not alter surface expression of HIV-1 receptors indicating that the observed anti-HIV-1 effect is not mediated through down regulation of HIV-1 receptors on target cells. Further, the enhanced antiviral effect of CTB-CpG was dependent on the presence of phosphorothioate backbone in the ODN, whereas the presence of CpG motif in ODNs was dispensable. These results have implications for the development of novel intervention strategies to prevent HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Nowroozalizadeh
- Department of Virology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
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Boraschi D, Abebe Alemayehu M, Aseffa A, Chiodi F, Chisi J, Del Prete G, Doherty TM, Elhassan I, Engers H, Gyan B, Harandi AM, Kariuki T, Kironde F, Kouriba B, Langhorne J, Laskay T, Medaglini D, Olesen O, Onyebujoh P, Palma C, Sauerwein R, Sibanda E, Steinhoff U, Tagliabue A, Thiel A, Vahedi M, Troye-Blomberg M. Immunity against HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis during co-infections with neglected infectious diseases: recommendations for the European Union research priorities. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2008; 2:e255. [PMID: 18575596 PMCID: PMC2427178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain a major health and socioeconomic problem in many low-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. For many years, the three most devastating diseases, HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis (TB) have received most of the world's attention. However, in rural and impoverished urban areas, a number of infectious diseases remain neglected and cause massive suffering. It has been calculated that a group of 13 neglected infectious diseases affects over one billion people, corresponding to a sixth of the world's population. These diseases include infections with different types of worms and parasites, cholera, and sleeping sickness, and can cause significant mortality and severe disabilities in low-income countries. For most of these diseases, vaccines are either not available, poorly effective, or too expensive. Moreover, these neglected diseases often occur in individuals who are also affected by HIV/AIDS, malaria, or TB, making the problem even more serious and indicating that co-infections are the rule rather than the exception in many geographical areas. To address the importance of combating co-infections, scientists from 14 different countries in Africa and Europe met in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on September 9–11, 2007. The message coming from these scientists is that the only possibility for winning the fight against infections in low-income countries is by studying, in the most global way possible, the complex interaction between different infections and conditions of malnourishment. The new scientific and technical tools of the post-genomic era can allow us to reach this goal. However, a concomitant effort in improving education and social conditions will be needed to make the scientific findings effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John Chisi
- University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | | | | | | | - Ben Gyan
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean Langhorne
- National Institute of Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert Sauerwein
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Thiel
- Deutsches Rheuma Forschungs Zentrum, Berlin, Germany
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Nyström-Asklin J, Adamsson J, Harandi AM. The adjuvant effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide linked to the non-toxic B subunit of cholera toxin for induction of immunity against H. pylori in mice. Scand J Immunol 2008; 67:431-40. [PMID: 18298617 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2008.02085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to test the immunostimulatory and adjuvant effects of the non-toxic B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB), CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) and CpG ODN linked to CTB (CTB-CpG) for generation of immunity against H. pylori in mice. Herein, we showed that CTB-CpG induces more potent proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses in the cervical and the mesenteric lymph nodes (CLN and MLN, respectively) cells in vitro compared with those of CTB and CpG ODN. The adjuvant effects of these agents were examined following intranasal immunization of C57Bl/6 mice with H. pylori lysate in combination with CpG ODN, CTB or CTB-CpG. All three immunization regimes resulted in high H. pylori-specific IgG antibody responses; however, only the CTB-CpG and, to some extent, the CpG ODN immunized mice mounted a sustainable IgG2c antibody response. Importantly, mice immunized with H. pylori antigen and CTB-CpG or CpG ODN, but not CTB, developed strong H. pylori-specific proliferative and IFN-gamma responses in their MLN CD4+ T cells upon recall antigen stimulation in vitro. These mice also had significantly lower bacterial load compared with the control-infected mice. Furthermore, the CTB-CpG and the CpG ODN immunized mice developed increased specific IgA antibody responses in their gastrointestinal tracts following H. pylori challenge. These results imply that CTB-CpG and CpG ODN, but not CTB, could serve as nasal adjuvants for induction of a H. pylori-specific Th1 type immunity in MLN and also a specific mucosal IgA antibody response in the gastrointestinal tract upon H. pylori challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nyström-Asklin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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48
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Tengvall S, Harandi AM. Importance of myeloid differentiation factor 88 in innate and acquired immune protection against genital herpes infection in mice. J Reprod Immunol 2007; 78:49-57. [PMID: 17945349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Revised: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role as pattern-recognition receptors to sense and respond to pathogens. Our laboratory and others have shown recently that activation of TLR/MyD88 signaling through vaginal administration of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, either singly or in combination with recombinant glycoprotein from herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), confers immunity against genital herpes infection. In this study, we have investigated the importance of the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), a critical adaptor protein shared by all TLRs, in innate and acquired immunity against genital HSV-2 infection in mice. We demonstrate that MyD88 is essential for innate immune resistance against HSV-2. Thus, MyD88 deficient (MyD88(-/-)) mice show more vaginal HSV-2 titers, more rapid disease progression and earlier death compared to C57Bl/6 mice following a vaginal challenge with high (9 x 10(4) PFU) or low (9 x 10(3) PFU) virus dose. In contrast, use of MyD88 appears dispensable for induction of HSV-specific serum IgG antibody as well as local and systemic cell-mediated immune responses elicited by vaginal immunization with live attenuated thymidine kinase-deficient HSV-2 (HSV-2 TK(-)). Importantly, and similar to immunized C57Bl/6 mice, immunized MyD88(-/-) mice were completely protected against subsequent vaginal challenge with a lethal dose of virulent strain of HSV-2. These results provide evidence that the adaptor protein MyD88 is important for innate early control of genital HSV-2 infection, and that use of MyD88 is not required for induction of acquired immunity following vaginal immunization with HSV-2 TK(-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tengvall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 7A, Box 435, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden
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49
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Tengvall S, Lundqvist A, Eisenberg RJ, Cohen GH, Harandi AM. Mucosal administration of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide elicits strong CC and CXC chemokine responses in the vagina and serves as a potent Th1-tilting adjuvant for recombinant gD2 protein vaccination against genital herpes. J Virol 2007; 80:5283-91. [PMID: 16699008 PMCID: PMC1472142 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02013-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sexually transmitted pathogens are capable of inducing pathogen-specific immune responses, vaginal administration of nonreplicating antigens elicits only weak, nondisseminating immune responses. The present study was undertaken to examine the potential of CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) for induction of chemokine responses in the genital tract mucosa and also as a vaginal adjuvant in combination with glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) for induction of antigen-specific immune responses. We found that a single intravaginal administration of CpG ODN in mice stimulates a rapid and potent response of CC chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha), MIP-1beta, and RANTES as well as of CXC chemokines MIP-2 and IP-10 in the vagina and/or the genital lymph nodes. Importantly, intravaginal vaccination with recombinant gD2 in combination with CpG ODN gave rise to a strong antigen-specific Th1-like immune response in the genital lymph nodes as well as the spleens of the vaccinated mice. Further, such an immunization scheme conferred both systemic and mucosal immunoglobulin G antibody responses as well as protection against an otherwise lethal vaginal challenge with HSV-2. These results illustrate the potential of CpG ODN for induction of potent chemokine responses in the genital tract and also as a vaginal adjuvant for generation of Th1-type mucosal and systemic immune responses towards a nonreplicating antigen derived from a sexually transmitted pathogen. These data have implications for the development of a mucosal vaccine against genital herpes and possibly other sexually transmitted diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tengvall
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vaccine Research Institute (GUVAX), Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 7A, 413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
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Abstract
The recent discovery of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) as potential ligands for the evolutionary conserved innate immune receptors termed Toll-like receptors has enabled a modern era of immunotherapy using synthetic mimics of pathogen molecules. Among the PAMPs, bacterial DNA or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) that contain unmethylated CpG motif shows promising effect on activation of systemic innate immune response. We could document that CpG ODN is capable of mobilizing a potent innate immunity in the mucosal tissues. Thus, intravaginal, intrarrectal, or intragastric delivery of mice with CpG ODN elicits potent innate chemokine responses in the respective mucosal tissues. Interestingly, we could show that the immunostimulatory effect of CpG DNA is much improved when chemically conjugated to the non-toxic B subunit of cholera toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Harandi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Göteborg University Vaccine Research Institute (GUVAX), Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 7A, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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