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Corzo D, Gibson W, Johnson K, Mitchell G, LePage G, Cox GF, Casey R, Zeiss C, Tyson H, Cutting GR, Raymond GV, Smith KD, Watkins PA, Moser AB, Moser HW, Steinberg SJ. Contiguous deletion of the X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy gene (ABCD1) and DXS1357E: a novel neonatal phenotype similar to peroxisomal biogenesis disorders. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 70:1520-31. [PMID: 11992258 PMCID: PMC419992 DOI: 10.1086/340849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2002] [Accepted: 03/19/2002] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) results from mutations in ABCD1. ABCD1 resides on Xq28 and encodes an integral peroxisomal membrane protein (ALD protein [ALDP]) that is of unknown function and that belongs to the ATP-binding cassette-transporter superfamily. Individuals with ABCD1 mutations accumulate very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) (carbon length >22). Childhood cerebral X-ALD is the most devastating form of the disease. These children have the earliest onset (age 7.2 +/- 1.7 years) among the clinical phenotypes for ABCD1 mutations, but onset does not occur at <3 years of age. Individuals with either peroxisomal biogenesis disorders (PBD) or single-enzyme deficiencies (SED) in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway--disorders such as acyl CoA oxidase deficiency and bifunctional protein deficiency--also accumulate VLCFA, but they present during the neonatal period. Until now, it has been possible to distinguish unequivocally between individuals with these autosomal recessively inherited syndromes and individuals with ABCD1 mutations, on the basis of the clinical presentation and measurement of other biochemical markers. We have identified three newborn boys who had clinical symptoms and initial biochemical results consistent with PBD or SED. In further study, however, we showed that they lacked ALDP, and we identified deletions that extended into the promoter region of ABCD1 and the neighboring gene, DXS1357E. Mutations in DXS1357E and the ABCD1 promoter region have not been described previously. We propose that the term "contiguous ABCD1 DXS1357E deletion syndrome" (CADDS) be used to identify this new contiguous-gene syndrome. The three patients with CADDS who are described here have important implications for genetic counseling, because individuals with CADDS may previously have been misdiagnosed as having an autosomal recessive PBD or SED
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily D, Member 1
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- Adrenoleukodystrophy/diagnosis
- Adrenoleukodystrophy/genetics
- Adrenoleukodystrophy/metabolism
- Adrenoleukodystrophy/physiopathology
- Age of Onset
- Chemokine CCL22
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Exons/genetics
- Female
- Fibroblasts
- Genetic Complementation Test
- Heterozygote
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnosis
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/genetics
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/metabolism
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/physiopathology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/deficiency
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Peroxisomal Disorders/diagnosis
- Peroxisomal Disorders/genetics
- Peroxisomal Disorders/metabolism
- Peroxisomal Disorders/physiopathology
- Peroxisomes/metabolism
- Peroxisomes/pathology
- Phenotype
- Prenatal Diagnosis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Proteins/genetics
- Sequence Deletion/genetics
- Syndrome
- X Chromosome/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyanira Corzo
- Division of Genetics, The Children’s Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics and Gastroeneterology Services, Hôpital Ste-Justine, Montreal; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, and Institute of Genetic Medicine and Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary; and Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - William Gibson
- Division of Genetics, The Children’s Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics and Gastroeneterology Services, Hôpital Ste-Justine, Montreal; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, and Institute of Genetic Medicine and Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary; and Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kisha Johnson
- Division of Genetics, The Children’s Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics and Gastroeneterology Services, Hôpital Ste-Justine, Montreal; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, and Institute of Genetic Medicine and Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary; and Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Grant Mitchell
- Division of Genetics, The Children’s Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics and Gastroeneterology Services, Hôpital Ste-Justine, Montreal; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, and Institute of Genetic Medicine and Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary; and Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Guy LePage
- Division of Genetics, The Children’s Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics and Gastroeneterology Services, Hôpital Ste-Justine, Montreal; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, and Institute of Genetic Medicine and Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary; and Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Gerald F. Cox
- Division of Genetics, The Children’s Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics and Gastroeneterology Services, Hôpital Ste-Justine, Montreal; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, and Institute of Genetic Medicine and Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary; and Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Robin Casey
- Division of Genetics, The Children’s Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics and Gastroeneterology Services, Hôpital Ste-Justine, Montreal; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, and Institute of Genetic Medicine and Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary; and Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Carolyn Zeiss
- Division of Genetics, The Children’s Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics and Gastroeneterology Services, Hôpital Ste-Justine, Montreal; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, and Institute of Genetic Medicine and Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary; and Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Heidi Tyson
- Division of Genetics, The Children’s Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics and Gastroeneterology Services, Hôpital Ste-Justine, Montreal; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, and Institute of Genetic Medicine and Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary; and Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Garry R. Cutting
- Division of Genetics, The Children’s Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics and Gastroeneterology Services, Hôpital Ste-Justine, Montreal; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, and Institute of Genetic Medicine and Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary; and Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Gerald V. Raymond
- Division of Genetics, The Children’s Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics and Gastroeneterology Services, Hôpital Ste-Justine, Montreal; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, and Institute of Genetic Medicine and Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary; and Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kirby D. Smith
- Division of Genetics, The Children’s Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics and Gastroeneterology Services, Hôpital Ste-Justine, Montreal; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, and Institute of Genetic Medicine and Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary; and Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Paul A. Watkins
- Division of Genetics, The Children’s Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics and Gastroeneterology Services, Hôpital Ste-Justine, Montreal; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, and Institute of Genetic Medicine and Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary; and Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ann B. Moser
- Division of Genetics, The Children’s Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics and Gastroeneterology Services, Hôpital Ste-Justine, Montreal; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, and Institute of Genetic Medicine and Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary; and Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Hugo W. Moser
- Division of Genetics, The Children’s Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics and Gastroeneterology Services, Hôpital Ste-Justine, Montreal; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, and Institute of Genetic Medicine and Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary; and Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Steven J. Steinberg
- Division of Genetics, The Children’s Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics and Gastroeneterology Services, Hôpital Ste-Justine, Montreal; The Kennedy Krieger Institute, and Institute of Genetic Medicine and Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary; and Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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