1
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Turkdogan D, Turkyilmaz A, Sager G, Ozturk G, Unver O, Say M. Chromosomal microarray and exome sequencing in unexplained early infantile epileptic encephalopathies in a highly consanguineous population. Int J Neurosci 2021:1-18. [PMID: 34380004 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1967349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify genetic causes for early infantile epileptic encephalopathies (EIEE) in Turkish children with mostly consanguineous parents. METHODS In a selected EIEE group (N = 59) based on results of nongenetic and initial genetic testing with unexplained etiology, 49 patients underwent array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and 49 patients underwent whole exome sequencing (WES) including 39 with negative aCGH results and 10 with WES-only. RESULTS Diagnostic yield of aCGH and WES for pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants was 14.3% and 38.8%, respectively. Including de novo variants of uncertain significance linked to compatible phenotypes, increased the diagnostic yield of WES to 61.2%. Out of 38 positive variants, 18 (47.4%) were novel and 16 (42.1%) were de novo. Twenty-one (56.8%) patients had recessive variants inherited from mostly consanguineous healthy parents (85.7%). Fourteen (37.8%) of patients with diagnostic results had positive variants in established EIEE genes. Seizures started during neonatal period in 32.4% patients. Posture or movement disorders were comorbid with EIEE in 40.5% of diagnosed patients. We identified treatable metabolic disorders in 8.1% of patients and pathogenic variants in genes which support using targeted medicine in 19% of patients. CONCLUSIONS Detailed electro-clinical phenotyping led to expansion of some of the known phenotypes with non-neurological and neurological findings in addition to seizures, as well as suggestion of candidate genes (SEC24B, SLC16A2 and PRICKLE2) and a copy number variant (microduplication of Xp21.1p11.4). The high ratio of recessive inheritance could be important for family counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilsad Turkdogan
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Marmara University, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayberk Turkyilmaz
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Genetics, Marmara University, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gunes Sager
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Marmara University, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulten Ozturk
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Marmara University, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Unver
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Marmara University, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Say
- Bioinformatics, Private Practice, Kadıkoy, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Hajek CA, Ji J, Saitta SC. Interstitial Chromosome 3p13p14 Deletions: An Update and Review. Mol Syndromol 2018; 9:122-133. [PMID: 29928177 DOI: 10.1159/000488168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletions of proximal chromosome 3p13p14 are infrequent chromosomal alterations. Variable sizes and breakpoints have been reported in patients with a wide range of phenotypes that are evolving as additional cases are reported. The routine use of high-density chromosomal microarrays (CMA) has allowed the identification of many more cases of this disorder and clinical phenotyping shows evidence for an emerging profile among patients with overlapping deletions of 3p13p14. Here, we review the currently reported cases, their phenotypes and where available, the genomic intervals delineated by CMA. Surprisingly, we found that a significant number of proximal chromosome 3p deletions involve structural rearrangements, especially insertions, that have been identified in balanced parental chromosome complements. This region is historically known as a common human chromosomal fragile site, although an underlying genomic mechanism related to its architecture has not been identified. We conclude that identification of an interstitial 3p deletion in a proband by CMA should prompt consideration of further structural chromosomal evaluation using more traditional cytogenetic techniques. While the variability in breakpoints does not suggest a unifying underlying mechanism for these alterations, identification of the haploinsufficient genes in each patient's deletion interval and their developmental roles can guide genotype-phenotype correlations and impact clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Hajek
- Sanford Health, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Jianling Ji
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles.,Department of Pathology, Keck USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sulagna C Saitta
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles.,Department of Pathology, Keck USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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3
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Meerschaut I, Rochefort D, Revençu N, Pètre J, Corsello C, Rouleau GA, Hamdan FF, Michaud JL, Morton J, Radley J, Ragge N, García-Miñaúr S, Lapunzina P, Bralo MP, Mori MÁ, Moortgat S, Benoit V, Mary S, Bockaert N, Oostra A, Vanakker O, Velinov M, de Ravel TJ, Mekahli D, Sebat J, Vaux KK, DiDonato N, Hanson-Kahn AK, Hudgins L, Dallapiccola B, Novelli A, Tarani L, Andrieux J, Parker MJ, Neas K, Ceulemans B, Schoonjans AS, Prchalova D, Havlovicova M, Hancarova M, Budisteanu M, Dheedene A, Menten B, Dion PA, Lederer D, Callewaert B. FOXP1-related intellectual disability syndrome: a recognisable entity. J Med Genet 2017; 54:613-623. [PMID: 28735298 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in forkhead box protein P1 (FOXP1) cause intellectual disability (ID) and specific language impairment (SLI), with or without autistic features (MIM: 613670). Despite multiple case reports no specific phenotype emerged so far. METHODS We correlate clinical and molecular data of 25 novel and 23 previously reported patients with FOXP1 defects. We evaluated FOXP1 activity by an in vitro luciferase model and assessed protein stability in vitro by western blotting. RESULTS Patients show ID, SLI, neuromotor delay (NMD) and recurrent facial features including a high broad forehead, bent downslanting palpebral fissures, ptosis and/or blepharophimosis and a bulbous nasal tip. Behavioural problems and autistic features are common. Brain, cardiac and urogenital malformations can be associated. More severe ID and NMD, sensorineural hearing loss and feeding difficulties are more common in patients with interstitial 3p deletions (14 patients) versus patients with monogenic FOXP1 defects (34 patients). Mutations result in impaired transcriptional repression and/or reduced protein stability. CONCLUSIONS FOXP1-related ID syndrome is a recognisable entity with a wide clinical spectrum and frequent systemic involvement. Our data will be helpful to evaluate genotype-phenotype correlations when interpreting next-generation sequencing data obtained in patients with ID and/or SLI and will guide clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Meerschaut
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Rochefort
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicole Revençu
- Centre de Génétique humaine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Justine Pètre
- Centre de Génétique humaine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fadi F Hamdan
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jacques L Michaud
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jenny Morton
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Jessica Radley
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Nicola Ragge
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Sixto García-Miñaúr
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Palomares Bralo
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles Mori
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stéphanie Moortgat
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Valérie Benoit
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Mary
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Nele Bockaert
- Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Oostra
- Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Vanakker
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Milen Velinov
- NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Thomy Jl de Ravel
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Djalila Mekahli
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Sebat
- Beyster Center for Genomics of Psychiatric Diseases, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Keith K Vaux
- Departments of Medicine and Neurosciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, USA
| | - Nataliya DiDonato
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Andrea K Hanson-Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Louanne Hudgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Joris Andrieux
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hospital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - Michael J Parker
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Berten Ceulemans
- Department of Neurology-Pediatric Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - An-Sofie Schoonjans
- Department of Neurology-Pediatric Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Darina Prchalova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech
| | - Marketa Havlovicova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech
| | - Miroslava Hancarova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech
| | - Magdalena Budisteanu
- Psychiatry Research Laboratory, Prof Dr Alexandru Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, Bercini, Romania
| | - Annelies Dheedene
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick A Dion
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Damien Lederer
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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4
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Mahajan VB, Bassuk AG. Response to Sandford et al.: PRICKLE2 Variants in Epilepsy: A Call for Precision Medicine. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:590-591. [PMID: 26942292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vinit B Mahajan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alexander G Bassuk
- Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics, Neuroscience, and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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5
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Sperry ED, Schuette JL, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA, Green GE, Martin DM. Duplication 2p25 in a child with clinical features of CHARGE syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170A:1148-54. [PMID: 26850571 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a dominant disorder characterized by ocular colobomata, heart defects, choanal atresia, retardation of growth and development, genital hypoplasia, and ear abnormalities including deafness and vestibular disorders. The majority of individuals with CHARGE have pathogenic variants in the gene encoding CHD7, a chromatin remodeling protein. Here, we present a 15-year-old girl with clinical features of CHARGE syndrome and a de novo 6.5 Mb gain of genomic material at 2p25.3-p25.2. The duplicated region contained 24 genes, including the early and broadly expressed transcription factor gene SOX11. Analysis of 28 other patients with CHARGE showed no SOX11 copy number changes or pathogenic sequence variants. To our knowledge, this child's chromosomal abnormality is unique and represents the first co-occurrence of duplication 2p25 and clinical features of CHARGE syndrome. We compare our patient's phenotype to ten previously published patients with isolated terminal duplication 2p, and elaborate on the clinical diagnosis of CHARGE in the context of atypical genetic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan D Sperry
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of the Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jane L Schuette
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Glenn E Green
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Donna M Martin
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of the Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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6
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Dimitrov BI, Ogilvie C, Wieczorek D, Wakeling E, Sikkema-Raddatz B, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA, Josifova D. 3p14 deletion is a rare contiguous gene syndrome: report of 2 new patients and an overview of 14 patients. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167:1223-30. [PMID: 25908055 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial deletions of chromosome 3p14p12 are a rare chromosome rearrangement. Twenty-six patients have been reported in the literature to date, however, a specific clinical phenotype has not yet been delineated. We describe three patients (two new) with overlapping chromosome 3p14p12 deletions and review the clinical and molecular data of 11 well-characterized, published cases. These patients had a number of features in common, such as short stature, failure to thrive, facial dysmorphism, congenital heart defects, urogenital abnormalities, neurological problems, hearing loss, and global developmental delay, suggesting that the interstitial chromosome 3p14p12 deletion gives rise to a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome. Some of the patients show clinical overlap with other complex syndromes such as CHARGE syndrome. Genotype-phenotype analysis revealed candidate genes for parts of the clinical features suggesting that the 3p14 deletion is a contiguous gene syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Dimitrov
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Ogilvie
- Genetics Laboratories, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Wieczorek
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - E Wakeling
- North West Thames Regional Genetic Service, North West London Hospitals, NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - B Sikkema-Raddatz
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C M A van Ravenswaaij-Arts
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Josifova
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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7
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van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA, Blake K, Hoefsloot L, Verloes A. Clinical utility gene card for: CHARGE syndrome - update 2015. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:ejhg201515. [PMID: 25689928 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Blake
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Dalhouse University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lies Hoefsloot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alain Verloes
- Department of Medical Genetics, APHP-Robert DEBRE University Hospital, Paris, France
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8
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Ţuţulan-Cunită AC, Papuc SM, Arghir A, Rötzer KM, Deshpande C, Lungeanu A, Budişteanu M. 3p interstitial deletion: novel case report and review. J Child Neurol 2012; 27:1062-6. [PMID: 22290856 DOI: 10.1177/0883073811431016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
3p interstitial deletions have emerged in recent years as a new cause of neurodevelopmental delay and intellectual disability. Since the first report of this condition in 1979, 16 cases have been described in the literature, delineating it as a presumptive syndrome. Here, we add a novel case presenting severely delayed neurodevelopment and psychomotor development; facial dysmorphism (square facies, broad forehead, short palpebral fissures, epicanthic folds, broad nasal bridge, and low-set malformed ears); cerebral, cardiac, and genital malformations; hand and feet anomalies; sacral sinus; and hearing impairment. Genetic investigations revealed a del(3)(p12.3p14.1) of 12.5 Mb, including 31 ORFs, among which ROBO2, PDZRN3, MITF, and FOXP1 are known to act in neurodevelopment. The clinical features of our patient are compared with those previously reported in the literature, thus providing further support for the delineation of the 3p interstitial deletion syndrome.
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9
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Janssen N, Bergman JEH, Swertz MA, Tranebjaerg L, Lodahl M, Schoots J, Hofstra RMW, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA, Hoefsloot LH. Mutation update on the CHD7 gene involved in CHARGE syndrome. Hum Mutat 2012; 33:1149-60. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.22086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Livernois AM, Graves JAM, Waters PD. The origin and evolution of vertebrate sex chromosomes and dosage compensation. Heredity (Edinb) 2011; 108:50-8. [PMID: 22086077 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2011.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, birds, snakes and many lizards and fish, sex is determined genetically (either male XY heterogamy or female ZW heterogamy), whereas in alligators, and in many reptiles and turtles, the temperature at which eggs are incubated determines sex. Evidently, different sex-determining systems (and sex chromosome pairs) have evolved independently in different vertebrate lineages. Homology shared by Xs and Ys (and Zs and Ws) within species demonstrates that differentiated sex chromosomes were once homologous, and that the sex-specific non-recombining Y (or W) was progressively degraded. Consequently, genes are left in single copy in the heterogametic sex, which results in an imbalance of the dosage of genes on the sex chromosomes between the sexes, and also relative to the autosomes. Dosage compensation has evolved in diverse species to compensate for these dose differences, with the stringency of compensation apparently differing greatly between lineages, perhaps reflecting the concentration of genes on the original autosome pair that required dosage compensation. We discuss the organization and evolution of amniote sex chromosomes, and hypothesize that dosage insensitivity might predispose an autosome to evolving function as a sex chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Livernois
- Evolution Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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11
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12
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O'Driscoll MC, Black GCM, Clayton-Smith J, Sherr EH, Dobyns WB. Identification of genomic loci contributing to agenesis of the corpus callosum. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:2145-59. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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Zentner GE, Layman WS, Martin DM, Scacheri PC. Molecular and phenotypic aspects of CHD7 mutation in CHARGE syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:674-86. [PMID: 20186815 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome [coloboma of the eye, heart defects, atresia of the choanae, retardation of growth and/or development, genital and/or urinary abnormalities, and ear abnormalities (including deafness)] is a genetic disorder characterized by a specific and a recognizable pattern of anomalies. De novo mutations in the gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (CHD7) are the major cause of CHARGE syndrome. Here, we review the clinical features of 379 CHARGE patients who tested positive or negative for mutations in CHD7. We found that CHARGE individuals with CHD7 mutations more commonly have ocular colobomas, temporal bone anomalies (semicircular canal hypoplasia/dysplasia), and facial nerve paralysis compared with mutation negative individuals. We also highlight recent genetic and genomic studies that have provided functional insights into CHD7 and the pathogenesis of CHARGE syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Zentner
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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14
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A 3.1-Mb microdeletion of 3p21.31 associated with cortical blindness, cleft lip, CNS abnormalities, and developmental delay. Eur J Med Genet 2008; 52:265-8. [PMID: 19100872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report a 3.1-Mb de novo deletion of 3p21.31 in a 3.5-year-old female with cortical blindness, cleft lip, CNS abnormalities, and gross developmental delays. Examination of the region showed approximately 80 genes to be involved in the deletion. Functional analysis of the deleted genes suggests that several of them may be important in normal neuronal maturation and function. Thus, haploinsufficiency of one or more of these genes could potentially contribute to the observed phenotype. Our patient does not have clinical features that overlap completely with either proximal or distal 3p deletions, suggesting that the deletion seen in our patient leads to a distinct clinical phenotype not described previously.
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15
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Lalli C, Galasso C, Lo Castro A, Nardone AM, Di Paolo A, Curatolo P. Interstitial deletion of a proximal 3p: a clinically recognisable syndrome. Brain Dev 2007; 29:312-6. [PMID: 17125947 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2006.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2006] [Revised: 09/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial deletions of the proximal short arm of chromosome 3 occurring as constitutional aberrations are rare and a defined clinical phenotype is not established yet. We report on a 30-months-old girl with distinct facial features (square facies, plagiocephaly, broad forehead, broad nasal bridge, long philtrum and low set ears) and psychomotor/speech delay associated with an interstitial deletion of 3p12 chromosomal band, del(3)(p12p12). Clinical manifestations of our child were compared with those of other eight patients with the same deletion previously described to further delineate the proximal 3p deletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lalli
- Neuroscience Department, Pediatric Neurology Unit, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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16
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Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a rare, usually sporadic autosomal dominant disorder due in 2/3 of cases to mutations within the CHD7 gene. The clinical definition has evolved with time. The 3C triad (Coloboma-Choanal atresia-abnormal semicircular Canals), arhinencephaly and rhombencephalic dysfunctions are now considered the most important and constant clues to the diagnosis. We will discuss here recent aspects of the phenotypic delineation of CHARGE syndrome and highlight the role of CHD7 in its pathogeny. We review available data on its molecular pathology as well as cytogenetic and molecular evidences for genetic heterogeneity within CHARGE syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Sanlaville
- INSERM U781, Genetic Department, AP-HP Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
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17
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Schwarzbraun T, Ofner L, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Schaperdoth B, Preisegger KH, Windpassinger C, Wagner K, Petek E, Kroisel PM. A new 3p interstitial deletion including the entireMITF gene causes a variation of Tietz/Waardenburg type IIA syndromes. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A:619-24. [PMID: 17318840 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarzbraun
- Institute of Medical Biology and Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Strömland K, Sjögreen L, Johansson M, Ekman Joelsson BM, Miller M, Danielsson S, Billstedt E, Gillberg C, Jacobsson C, Norinder JA, Granström G. CHARGE association in Sweden: Malformations and functional deficits. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 133A:331-9. [PMID: 15633180 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CHARGE association (CA) consists of a non-random association of ocular coloboma (C), heart anomaly (H), atresia of choanae (A), retarded growth and/or development (R), genital hypoplasia (G), and ear anomalies and/or hearing impairment (E). A prospective multidisciplinary study of 31 Swedish patients with CA was undertaken in order to describe the associated malformations and functional deficits, find possible etiological factors and identify critical time periods for the maldevelopment. The clinical files were analyzed, the mothers answered a questionnaire on history of prenatal events, and a clinical evaluation of systemic findings, vision, hearing, balance, speech, oral and swallowing function, and neuro-psychiatric function, especially autism, was performed. The most frequent physical abnormalities affected ears (90%), eyes (90%), brain (61%), heart (52%), retarded growth (48%), genitals (38%), choanae (35%), and facial nerve (32%). Sixty-one percent of the patients were visually impaired or blind, and 74% had hearing loss or deafness. Problems in balance, speech, and eating were common. Forty percent of the patients had autism/atypical autism, and 82% had developmental delay. Three children were born following assisted fertilization and two mothers had diabetes. The mothers reported infections, bleedings, and drug use during pregnancy. Analysis of possible critical time periods suggested that most malformations were produced early in pregnancy, mainly during post conceptual weeks 4, 5, and 6. A multidisciplinary approach is essential in the assessment and management of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Strömland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Miller MT, Strömland K, Ventura L, Johansson M, Bandim JM, Gillberg C. Autism associated with conditions characterized by developmental errors in early embryogenesis: a mini review. Int J Dev Neurosci 2004; 23:201-19. [PMID: 15749246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2004] [Revised: 06/17/2004] [Accepted: 06/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is a complex developmental disorder without an established single etiology but with significant contributions from genetic studies, functional research, and neuropsychiatric and neuroradiologic investigations. The purpose of this paper is to review the findings in five studies involving individuals manifesting the characteristic findings of autism spectrum disorder associated with malformations and dysfunctions known to result from early embryogenic defects. These investigations include two associated with teratogens (thalidomide embryopathy, Mobius sequence with misoprostol) and three (most Mobius sequence cases, CHARGE association, Goldenhar syndrome) with no known etiology. These studies suggest that early embryonic development errors often involving cranial nerve palsies, internal and external ear malformations, ophthalmologic anomalies, and a variety of systemic malformations may be associated with autism spectrum disorders statistically more frequently than expected in a normal population. Although the exact time of developmental insult for each condition cannot be identified, the evidence is that it may occur as early as week 4 to 6+ of embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn T Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois, 1855 West Taylor Street, Rm. 327, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Petek E, Windpassinger C, Simma B, Mueller T, Wagner K, Kroisel PM. Molecular characterisation of a 15 Mb constitutional de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 3p in a boy with developmental delay and congenital anomalies. J Hum Genet 2004; 48:283-287. [PMID: 12836054 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-003-0023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2003] [Accepted: 03/11/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe the case of a 22-month-old boy with developmental and psychomotor retardation as well as craniofacial dysmorphism, including a cleft lip. Analysis of G-banded chromosomes of the propositus showed a de novo interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3, del(3)(p13p11). Fine mapping of the deletion was performed using fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis with region-specific BAC clones. Eight BACs were absent from one chromosome 3 from the patient. Molecular analyses of eleven polymorphic DNA markers helped to narrow down the breakpoints and demonstrated that the derivative chromosome 3 is of paternal origin. The deleted segment encompasses about 15 Mb between marker D3S3551 and the centromere. Only a small number of known genes, including PROK2, GPR27, RYBP, PPP4R2, ROBO1, and GBE1, which map in the 3p13-p11 region are included in the deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Petek
- Institute of Medical Biology and Human Genetics, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/8, A-8010 , Graz, Austria.
| | - Christian Windpassinger
- Institute of Medical Biology and Human Genetics, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/8, A-8010 , Graz, Austria
| | - Burkhard Simma
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Klaus Wagner
- Institute of Medical Biology and Human Genetics, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/8, A-8010 , Graz, Austria
| | - Peter M Kroisel
- Institute of Medical Biology and Human Genetics, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/8, A-8010 , Graz, Austria
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Sanlaville D, Romana SP, Lapierre JM, Amiel J, Genevieve D, Ozilou C, Le Lorch M, Brisset S, Gosset P, Baumann C, Turleau C, Lyonnet S, Vekemans M. A CGH study of 27 patients with CHARGE association. Clin Genet 2002; 61:135-8. [PMID: 11940088 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2002.610208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CHARGE association is a non-random occurrence of congenital malformations including coloboma, heart disease, choanal atresia, retarded growth and/or retarded development, genital hypoplasia, ear anomalies and/or deafness. The cause of this association remains unknown. Various genetic mechanisms have been proposed, including a contiguous gene syndrome but, so far, no recurrent locus has been identified. To address this question, we decided to perform a comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) study on a cohort of 27 patients with CHARGE association and a normal standard karyotype. We found two chromosomal anomalies: a der(9)t(9;13) derived from a paternal translocation and a der(6)t(4;6) of unknown origin. This suggests that chromosome imbalances may well mimic CHARGE association. Therefore patients with CHARGE association must be carefully tested with classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques to detect a potential chromosome imbalance. It is expected that more stringent diagnostic criteria of CHARGE association could define a more homogeneous group of patients where a single genetic cause might be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sanlaville
- Département de Génétique Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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Han X, Budreau AM, Chesney RW, Sturman JA. Does the taurine transporter gene play a role in 3p-syndrome? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2002; 483:613-9. [PMID: 11787648 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-46838-7_66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X Han
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee, and the Crippled Children 's Foundation Research Center at Le Bonheur Children 's Medical Center, Memphis, USA
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Abstract
The CHARGE Association is a nonrandom occurrence of congenital malformations that has been described in clinical series. Reported patients have been selected on the basis of certain prior criteria. In this article, we try to identify a congenital malformation pattern corresponding to the CHARGE Association, using statistical methods and analyzing 5,260 infants with multiple malformations collected from four large registries of congenital malformations. Care was taken to identify a number of confounding characteristics that can influence the ascertainment and registration of specific congenital malformations. We have identified a cluster of malformations that generally agreed with the current clinical definition of the CHARGE Association and have added some further malformations (e.g., facial clefts). We demonstrate that others (e.g. , esophageal atresia) are probably not part of the pattern. Heart defects (H in the acronym) seems to be less helpful in identifying infants with the association. We suggest a method to select infants who probably represent the CHARGE Association for analyses of possible risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Källén
- Tornblad Institute, University of Lund, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden.
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Schinzel A, Gundelfinger R, Dutly F, Baumer A, Binkert F. A 5-year-old girl with interstitial deletion of 3p14: Clinical, psychologic, cytogenetic, and molecular studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19980526)77:4<302::aid-ajmg10>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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