1
|
Sharma SP, Peterson T. Complex chromosomal rearrangements induced by transposons in maize. Genetics 2022; 223:6702042. [PMID: 36111993 PMCID: PMC9910405 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic genomes are large and complex, and gene expression can be affected by multiple regulatory elements and their positions within the dynamic chromatin architecture. Transposable elements are known to play important roles in genome evolution, yet questions remain as to how transposable elements alter genome structure and affect gene expression. Previous studies have shown that genome rearrangements can be induced by Reversed Ends Transposition involving termini of Activator and related transposable elements in maize and other plants. Here, we show that complex alleles can be formed by the rapid and progressive accumulation of Activator-induced duplications and rearrangements. The p1 gene enhancer in maize can induce ectopic expression of the nearby p2 gene in pericarp tissue when placed near it via different structural rearrangements. By screening for p2 expression, we identified and studied 5 cases in which multiple sequential transposition events occurred and increased the p1 enhancer copy number. We see active p2 expression due to multiple copies of the p1 enhancer present near p2 in all 5 cases. The p1 enhancer effects are confirmed by the observation that loss of p2 expression is correlated with transposition-induced excision of the p1 enhancers. We also performed a targeted Chromosome Conformation Capture experiment to test the physical interaction between the p1 enhancer and p2 promoter region. Together, our results show that transposon-induced rearrangements can accumulate rapidly and progressively increase genetic variation important for genomic evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharu Paul Sharma
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Thomas Peterson
- Corresponding author: Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, 2258 Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Silipigni R, Milani D, Tolva G, Monfrini E, Giacobbe A, Marchisio PG, Guerneri S. Complex genomic alterations and intellectual disability: an interpretative challenge. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2021; 65:113-124. [PMID: 33140510 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs) are structural rearrangements involving more than three chromosomes or having more than two breaks; approximately 70% are not associated with any clinical phenotype. Here, we describe a CCR segregating in a two-generation family. METHOD A 4-year-old male was evaluated for developmental delay, mild intellectual disability and epicanthus. Karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis and array comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) analysis were performed on the patient and of all family members. RESULT Array CGH analysis of the proband detected two non-contiguous genomic gains of chromosome 2 at bands q32.3q33.2 and bands q36.1q36.3. Both karyotype and FISH analysis revealed a recombinant chromosome 2 with a direct insertion of regions q32.3q33.2 and q36.1q36.3 into region q12. Both of these regions were also present in their original location. Karyotype and FISH analysis of the father revealed a de novo direct insertion of regions q32.3q33.2 and q36.1q36.3 into region q12. Moreover, a de novo balanced translocation involving the q arm of the same chromosome 2 and the p arm of chromosome 10 was observed in the father of the proband. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis and haplotype reconstruction confirmed the paternal origin of the duplications. Karyotype, FISH analysis and array CGH analysis of other family members were all normal. CONCLUSION This report underlines the importance of using different methods to correctly evaluate the origin and the structure of CCRs in order to provide an appropriate management of the patients and a good estimation of the reproductive risk of the family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Silipigni
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - D Milani
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - G Tolva
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - E Monfrini
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Giacobbe
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - P G Marchisio
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - S Guerneri
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Iyer PA, Vyas JC, Ranjan P, Saranath D. A de novo Complex Chromosomal Rearrangement of 46,XX, t(7;15;13)(p15;q21;q31) in a Female with an Adverse Obstetric History. INT J HUM GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09723757.2009.11886069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priya A. Iyer
- Reliance Life Sciences (RLS), Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Thane Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jaya C. Vyas
- Reliance Life Sciences (RLS), Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Thane Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prabhat Ranjan
- Reliance Life Sciences (RLS), Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Thane Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhananjaya Saranath
- Reliance Life Sciences (RLS), Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Thane Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kuechler A, Ziegler M, Blank C, Rommel B, Bullerdiek J, Ahrens J, Claussen U, Liehr T. A Highly Complex Chromosomal Rearrangement between Five Chromosomes in a Healthy Female Diagnosed in Preparation for Intracytoplasmatic Sperm Injection. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 53:355-7. [PMID: 15750018 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.4b6437.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a de novo complex chromosomal rearrangement among five chromosomes found in a clinically healthy woman. The only indication for chromosome analysis was a planned intracytoplasmatic sperm injection. Physical examination, including internal and external genitals, and ovaries and hormone status were normal. Banding cyto-genetics showed a rearrangement among chromosomes #3, #4, #7, #9, and #17. Twenty-four-color fluorescence in situ hybridization and multicolor banding were applied to characterize the translocations and breakpoints more precisely. This confirmed the involved chromosomes and revealed two breakpoints in chromosome #4. This six-breakpoint rearrangement [der(3)t(3;4), der(4)t(17;4;7), der(7)t(3;7), der(9)t(4;9), and der(17)t(9;17)] seemed to be balanced on a molecular cytogenetic level, although submicroscopic deletions or duplications close to the breakpoints cannot be excluded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Kuechler
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Poot M, Haaf T. Mechanisms of Origin, Phenotypic Effects and Diagnostic Implications of Complex Chromosome Rearrangements. Mol Syndromol 2015; 6:110-34. [PMID: 26732513 DOI: 10.1159/000438812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex chromosome rearrangements (CCRs) are currently defined as structural genome variations that involve more than 2 chromosome breaks and result in exchanges of chromosomal segments. They are thought to be extremely rare, but their detection rate is rising because of improvements in molecular cytogenetic technology. Their population frequency is also underestimated, since many CCRs may not elicit a phenotypic effect. CCRs may be the result of fork stalling and template switching, microhomology-mediated break-induced repair, breakage-fusion-bridge cycles, or chromothripsis. Patients with chromosomal instability syndromes show elevated rates of CCRs due to impaired DNA double-strand break responses during meiosis. Therefore, the putative functions of the proteins encoded by ATM, BLM, WRN, ATR, MRE11, NBS1, and RAD51 in preventing CCRs are discussed. CCRs may exert a pathogenic effect by either (1) gene dosage-dependent mechanisms, e.g. haploinsufficiency, (2) mechanisms based on disruption of the genomic architecture, such that genes, parts of genes or regulatory elements are truncated, fused or relocated and thus their interactions disturbed - these mechanisms will predominantly affect gene expression - or (3) mixed mutation mechanisms in which a CCR on one chromosome is combined with a different type of mutation on the other chromosome. Such inferred mechanisms of pathogenicity need corroboration by mRNA sequencing. Also, future studies with in vitro models, such as inducible pluripotent stem cells from patients with CCRs, and transgenic model organisms should substantiate current inferences regarding putative pathogenic effects of CCRs. The ramifications of the growing body of information on CCRs for clinical and experimental genetics and future treatment modalities are briefly illustrated with 2 cases, one of which suggests KDM4C (JMJD2C) as a novel candidate gene for mental retardation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Poot
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang T, Mao J, Liu MJ, Choy KW, Li HB, Cram DS, Li H, Chen Y. A patient with five chromosomal rearrangements and a 2q31.1 microdeletion. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 430:129-33. [PMID: 24412318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex chromosomal rearrangements and chromosomal deletion and duplication syndromes are commonly associated with abnormal clinical phenotypes. The 2q31.1 microdeletion syndrome is a rare cytogenetic event that leads to limb and multi-internal organ anomalies. In this study we investigated the genetic basis of the physical and mental symptoms exhibited by a 4-year-old boy with a suspected 2q31.1 deletion. METHODS Cytogenetic and molecular techniques including karyotyping, array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and real-time PCR were used to identify the nature and extent of chromosome abnormalities in the patient. RESULTS A 3.6Mb interstitial microdeletion of 2q31.1 was identified in association with complex balanced genomic structural rearrangements involving chromosomes 2, 3, 6, 15 and 18. The 2q31.1 deletion resulted in the loss of one copy of several known disease genes, including GAD1, DCAF17, SLC25A12 and ITGA6 associated with mental retardation and facial abnormalities and DLX1/DLX2 partially associated with limb abnormalities. Two additional genes, HOXD13 and CHN1, required for normal limb and eye development that map immediately distal to the 2q31.1 deletion had normal copy numbers, although CHN1 was found to express at a lower level in patient's lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS We speculated that the 2q31.1 deletion and/or translocation may have a positional effect which reduces expression of HOXD13 and CHN1 causing haplo-insufficiency, and in combination with the hemizygous expression of the disease genes at 2q31.1, provides a plausible explanation for the diverse clinical symptoms exhibited by the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Jun Mao
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Min-Juan Liu
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Kwong Wai Choy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Joint Centre with Utrecht University-Genetic Core, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai-Bo Li
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou 215002, China
| | | | - Hong Li
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou 215002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
López-Expósito I, Ballesta-Martinez MJ, Bafalliu JA, Vera-Carbonell A, Domingo-Jiménez R, López-González V, Fernández A, Guillén-Navarro E. Array CGH detection of a novel cryptic deletion at 3q13 in a complex chromosome rearrangement. Genomics 2014; 103:288-91. [PMID: 24607569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Complex chromosome rearrangements (CCRs) are extremely rare in humans. About 20% of the apparently balanced CCRs have an abnormal phenotype and the degree of severity correlates with a higher number of breakpoints. Several studies using FISH and microarray technologies have shown that deletions in the breakpoints are common although duplications, insertions and inversions have also been detected. We report a patient with two simultaneous reciprocal translocations, t(3;4) and t(2;14;18), involving five chromosomes and six breakpoints. He showed dysmorphic features, preaxial polydactyly in the left hand, brachydactyly, postnatal growth retardation and developmental delay. The rearrangement was characterized by FISH analysis which detected an interstitial segment from chromosome 14 inserted in the derivative chromosome 2, and by whole genome array which revealed an interstitial deletion of approximately 4.5 Mb at the breakpoint site on chromosome 3. To our knowledge this microdeletion has not been previously reported and includes ~12 genes. The haploinsufficiency of one or several of these genes is likely to have contributed to the clinical phenotype of the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel López-Expósito
- Sección de Citogenética, Centro de Bioquímica y Genética Clínica, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Virgen de la Arrixaca", El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Juliana Ballesta-Martinez
- Unidad de Genética Médica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Virgen de la Arrixaca", El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Bafalliu
- Sección de Citogenética, Centro de Bioquímica y Genética Clínica, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Virgen de la Arrixaca", El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ascensión Vera-Carbonell
- Sección de Citogenética, Centro de Bioquímica y Genética Clínica, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Virgen de la Arrixaca", El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Domingo-Jiménez
- Sección de Neuropediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Virgen de la Arrixaca", El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa López-González
- Unidad de Genética Médica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Virgen de la Arrixaca", El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Asunción Fernández
- Sección de Citogenética, Centro de Bioquímica y Genética Clínica, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Virgen de la Arrixaca", El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Encarna Guillén-Navarro
- Unidad de Genética Médica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Virgen de la Arrixaca", El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Cátedra de Genética Médica, Universidad Católica de San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kolomiets OL, Atsaeva MM, Dadashev SY, Abilev SK, Spangenberg VE, Matveevsky SN. Damage to synaptonemal complex structure and peculiarities of selection of mouse spermatocytes I at response to drug administration. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795413110100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
9
|
Familial complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR) involving 5 breakpoints on chromosomes 1, 3 and 13 in a severe oligozoospermic patient. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30:423-9. [PMID: 23381550 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-9934-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
|
10
|
Ferfouri F, Boitrelle F, Clément P, Molina Gomes D, Selva J, Vialard F. Can one translocation impact the meiotic segregation of another translocation? A sperm-FISH analysis of a 46,XY,t(1;16)(q21;p11.2),t(8;9) (q24.3;p24) patient and his 46,XY,t(8;9)(q24.3;p24) brother and cousin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:109-17. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gas048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
11
|
Madan K. Balanced complex chromosome rearrangements: Reproductive aspects. A review. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:947-63. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
12
|
Mahjoubi F, Razazian F. Constitutional complex chromosomal rearrangements in a klinefelter patient: case report and review of literature. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 29:437-41. [PMID: 22382640 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-012-9725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS While XXY aneuploidy is the most common disorder of sex chromosomes in men, complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs) are rare in humans. CASE DESCRIPTION Here we describe clinical and cytogenetic findings in a male referred to our cytogenetic laboratory by an infertility clinic. The patient's age was 35 at the time of referral. Total azoospermia was confirmed on semen analysis. RESULTS The karyotype of peripheral blood showed 47,XXY,t(1;3;5)(p22;q29;q22). The mother had the same CCRs. DISCUSSION To our best of our knowledge this is the first case of 47,XXY with CCRs. We think it is important to report such a unique chromosomal occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Mahjoubi
- Cytogenetic Department, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Research Centre, (IBTO), Tehran, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rivera H, Domínguez MG. A familial rearrangement(3;5;9) with paternal and maternal transmission leading to a duplication 3p/ deletion 5p infant. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2012; 67:669-72. [PMID: 22760908 PMCID: PMC3370321 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2012(06)19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Rivera
- División de Genética, CIBO, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, México.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Roberti MC, Surace C, Digilio MC, D'Elia G, Sirleto P, Capolino R, Lombardo A, Tomaiuolo AC, Petrocchi S, Angioni A. Complex chromosome rearrangements related 15q14 microdeletion plays a relevant role in phenotype expression and delineates a novel recurrent syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2011; 6:17. [PMID: 21504564 PMCID: PMC3096895 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-6-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex chromosome rearrangements are constitutional structural rearrangements involving three or more chromosomes or having more than two breakpoints. These are rarely seen in the general population but their frequency should be much higher due to balanced states with no phenotypic presentation. These abnormalities preferentially occur de novo during spermatogenesis and are transmitted in families through oogenesis.Here, we report a de novo complex chromosome rearrangement that interests eight chromosomes in eighteen-year-old boy with an abnormal phenotype consisting in moderate developmental delay, cleft palate, and facial dysmorphisms.Standard G-banding revealed four apparently balanced translocations [corrected] involving the chromosomes 1;13, 3;19, 9;15 and 14;18 that appeared to be reciprocal. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis showed no imbalances at all the breakpoints observed except for an interstitial microdeletion on chromosome 15. This deletion is 1.6 Mb in size and is located at chromosome band 15q14, distal to the Prader-Willi/Angelman region. Comparing the features of our patient with published reports of patients with 15q14 deletion this finding corresponds to the smallest genomic region of overlap. The deleted segment at 15q14 was investigated for gene content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Roberti
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Unit - Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome 00165, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pellestor F, Anahory T, Lefort G, Puechberty J, Liehr T, Hedon B, Sarda P. Complex chromosomal rearrangements: origin and meiotic behavior. Hum Reprod Update 2011; 17:476-94. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmr010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
16
|
Kloosterman WP, Guryev V, van Roosmalen M, Duran KJ, de Bruijn E, Bakker SCM, Letteboer T, van Nesselrooij B, Hochstenbach R, Poot M, Cuppen E. Chromothripsis as a mechanism driving complex de novo structural rearrangements in the germline. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:1916-24. [PMID: 21349919 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of mutational mechanisms shape the dynamic architecture of human genomes and occasionally result in congenital defects and disease. Here, we used genome-wide long mate-pair sequencing to systematically screen for inherited and de novo structural variation in a trio including a child with severe congenital abnormalities. We identified 4321 inherited structural variants and 17 de novo rearrangements. We characterized the de novo structural changes to the base-pair level revealing a complex series of balanced inter- and intra-chromosomal rearrangements consisting of 12 breakpoints involving chromosomes 1, 4 and 10. Detailed inspection of breakpoint regions indicated that a series of simultaneous double-stranded DNA breaks caused local shattering of chromosomes. Fusion of the resulting chromosomal fragments involved non-homologous end joining, since junction points displayed limited or no homology and small insertions and deletions. The pattern of random joining of chromosomal fragments that we observe here strongly resembles the somatic rearrangement patterns--termed chromothripsis--that have recently been described in deranged cancer cells. We conclude that a similar mechanism may also drive the formation of de novo structural variation in the germline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wigard P Kloosterman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee NC, Chen M, Ma GC, Lee DJ, Wang TJ, Ke YY, Chien YH, Hwu WL. Complex rearrangements between chromosomes 6, 10, and 11 with multiple deletions at breakpoints. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:2327-34. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
18
|
Gruchy N, Barreau M, Kessler K, Gourdier D, Leporrier N. A paternally transmitted complex chromosomal rearrangement (CCR) involving chromosomes 2, 6, and 18 includes eight breakpoints and five insertional translocations (ITs) through three generations. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:185-90. [PMID: 20034065 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs) are uncommon and mainly occur de novo. We report here on a familial CCR involving chromosomes 2, 6, and 18. The propositus is a boy first referred because of growth delays, hypotonia, and facial anomalies, suggestive of deletion 18q syndrome. However, a cytogenetic family study disclosed a balanced CCR in three generations, which was detailed by FISH using BAC clones, and consisted of eight breakpoints with five insertional translocations (ITs). The propositus had a cryptic 18q deletion and a 6p duplication. Paternal transmission of this CCR was observed through three generations without meiotic recombination. Our investigation allowed us to provide porosities counseling and management of prenatal diagnosis for propositus cousin who carries this particular CCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gruchy
- Laboratoire de cytogénétique prénatale niveau 3, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Avenue Côte de Nacre, 14033 Caen Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Loup V, Bernicot I, Janssens P, Hedon B, Hamamah S, Pellestor F, Anahory T. Combined FISH and PRINS sperm analysis of complex chromosome rearrangement t(1;19;13): an approach facilitating PGD. Mol Hum Reprod 2009; 16:111-6. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gap105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
20
|
de Vree PJ, Simon ME, van Dooren MF, Stoevelaar GH, Hilkmann JT, Rongen MA, Huijbregts GC, Verkerk AJ, Poddighe PJ. Application of molecular cytogenetic techniques to clarify apparently balanced complex chromosomal rearrangements in two patients with an abnormal phenotype: case report. Mol Cytogenet 2009; 2:15. [PMID: 19594915 PMCID: PMC2723125 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-2-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCR) are rare cytogenetic findings that are difficult to karyotype by conventional cytogenetic analysis partially because of the relative low resolution of this technique. High resolution genotyping is necessary in order to identify cryptic imbalances, for instance near the multiple breakpoints, to explain the abnormal phenotype in these patients. We applied several molecular techniques to elucidate the complexity of the CCRs of two adult patients with abnormal phenotypes. RESULTS Multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) showed that in patient 1 the chromosomes 1, 10, 15 and 18 were involved in the rearrangement whereas for patient 2 the chromosomes 5, 9, 11 and 13 were involved. A 250 k Nsp1 SNP-array analysis uncovered a deletion in chromosome region 10p13 for patient 1, harbouring 17 genes, while patient 2 showed no pathogenic gains or losses. Additional FISH analysis with locus specific BAC-probes was performed, leading to the identification of cryptic interstitial structural rearrangements in both patients. CONCLUSION Application of M-FISH and SNP-array analysis to apparently balanced CCRs is useful to delineate the complex chromosomal rearrangement in detail. However, it does not always identify cryptic imbalances as an explanation for the abnormal phenotype in patients with a CCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Jp de Vree
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ergul E, Liehr T, Mrasek K, Sazci A. A de novo complex chromosome rearrangement involving three chromosomes (2, 13, and 18) in an oligospermic male. Fertil Steril 2009; 92:391.e9-391.e12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
22
|
Zhang F, Carvalho CMB, Lupski JR. Complex human chromosomal and genomic rearrangements. Trends Genet 2009; 25:298-307. [PMID: 19560228 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) is a major source of genetic variation among humans. In addition to existing as benign polymorphisms, CNVs can also convey clinical phenotypes, including genomic disorders, sporadic diseases and complex human traits. CNV results from genomic rearrangements that can represent simple deletion or duplication of a genomic segment, or be more complex. Complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs) have been known for some time but their mechanisms have remained elusive. Recent technology advances and high-resolution human genome analyses have revealed that complex genomic rearrangements can account for a large fraction of non-recurrent rearrangements at a given locus. Various mechanisms, most of which are DNA-replication-based, for example fork stalling and template switching (FoSTeS) and microhomology-mediated break-induced replication (MMBIR), have been proposed for generating such complex genomic rearrangements and are probably responsible for CCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lebbar A, Callier P, Baverel F, Marle N, Patrat C, Le Tessier D, Mugneret F, Dupont JM. Two cases of mosaicism for complex chromosome rearrangements (CCRM) associated with secondary infertility. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:2651-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
24
|
Engenheiro E, Møller RS, Pinto M, Soares G, Nikanorova M, Carreira IM, Ullmann R, Tommerup N, Tümer Z. Mowat-Wilson syndrome: an underdiagnosed syndrome? Clin Genet 2008; 73:579-84. [PMID: 18445050 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.00997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MWS) is an autosomal dominant developmental disorder with mental retardation and variable multiple congenital abnormalities due to mutations of the ZEB2 (ZFHX1B) gene at 2q22. MWS was first described in 1998 and the causative gene was delineated in 2001. Since then, 115 different mutations of ZEB2 have been published in association with this syndrome in 161 individuals. However, recent reports suggest that due to the variability of the congenital abnormalities, this syndrome may still be underdiagnosed. We report two unrelated patients with MWS where the clinical diagnosis was established only after finding of disruption of the ZEB2 gene by a balanced translocation breakpoint and an interstitial microdeletion, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Engenheiro
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Thienpont B, Breckpot J, Vermeesch JR, Gewillig M, Devriendt K. A complex submicroscopic chromosomal imbalance in 19p13.11 with one microduplication and two microtriplications. Eur J Med Genet 2008; 51:219-25. [PMID: 18282819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2007.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 12/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Complex chromosomal rearrangements [CCRs] are considered very rare, but are being detected with an increasing frequency because of the enhanced resolution of novel molecular karyotyping techniques like array-CGH. This report describes a patient carrying a unique CCR involving one duplication and two triplications in a 3.2 Mb region on 19p13.11. The patient presented with microcephaly, velopharyngeal insufficiency, dysmorphism, mental retardation and a muscular ventricular septal defect. We show that CCRs are likely to be more frequent than hitherto appreciated. This has important consequences for genotype-phenotype correlations and warrants caution before labelling imbalances as "simple".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Thienpont
- Center for Human Genetics, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Salahshourifar I, Gilani MAS, Vosough A, Tavakolzadeh T, Tahsili M, Mansori Z, Karimi H, Totonchi M, Gourabi H. De novo complex chromosomal rearrangement of 46, XY, t (3; 16; 8) (p26; q13; q21.2) in a non-obstructive azoospermic male. J Appl Genet 2007; 48:93-4. [PMID: 17272868 DOI: 10.1007/bf03194664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements (CCRs) are rare structural abnormalities that are usually associated with infertility or subfertility in male carriers. We described clinical and chromosomal features of a non-obstructive azoospermic male that has been referred for infertility. Cytogenetic analysis showed three chromosomes, i.e. 3, 8 and 16, which have been involved and caused spermatogenesis failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Salahshourifar
- Department of Infertility Genetics, Infertility Clinic & Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schwarzbraun T, Ullmann R, Schubert M, Ledinegg M, Ofner L, Windpassinger C, Wagner K, Kroisel PM, Petek E. Characterization of a de novo complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR) involving chromosomes 2 and 12, associated with mental retardation and impaired speech development. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 115:84-9. [PMID: 16974087 DOI: 10.1159/000094804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a currently six-year-old patient with a de novo complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR) involving chromosomes 2 and 12. A translocation 2;12 that appeared to be reciprocal after standard banding turned out to be a complex event with seven breaks after molecular cytogenetic analyses. Array CGH analysis showed no imbalances at the breakpoints but revealed an additional microdeletion of about 80 kb on chromosome 11. The same deletion was also present in the phenotypically normal father. The patient showed relatively mild mental retardation, defined mainly as impaired speech development (orofacial dyspraxia) and psychomotor retardation. In addition, mild dysmorphic facial features like hypertelorism, a prominent philtrum and down-turned corners of the mouth were observed. We narrowed down all breakpoint regions to about 100 kb, using a panel of mapped bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). BACs spanning or flanking all seven breakpoints were identified and no chromosomal imbalances were found consistent with the array CGH results. Our investigations resulted in the following karyotype: 46,XY,t(2;12)(2pter-->2p25.3::2p23.3-->2p25.2::2p23.3-->2p14::2q14.3-->2p14::2q14.3-->2q14.3::12q 12-->12qter;12pter-->12q12::2p25.3-->2p25.2::2q14.3-->2qter).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Schwarzbraun
- Institute of Medical Biology and Human Genetics, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Thienpont B, Gewillig M, Fryns JP, Devriendt K, Vermeesch J. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of a constitutional complex intrachromosomal 4q rearrangement in a patient with multiple congenital anomalies. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 114:338-41. [PMID: 16954676 DOI: 10.1159/000094223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2005] [Accepted: 01/09/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutional Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements (CCRs) are very rare. While the vast majority of CCRs involve more than one chromosome, only seven cases describe CCRs with four or more breakpoints within a single chromosome. Here, we present a patient with multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation. Array Comparative Genomic Hybridisation (array CGH), FISH and Multicolour Banding FISH revealed a de novo complex rearrangement with two deletions, a duplication and an inversion of 4q. This CCR involving at least seven breakpoints is one of the most complex rearrangements of a single chromosome reported thus far. Potential mechanisms generating such complex rearrangements are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Thienpont
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rivera H, Ayala-Madrigal ML, Barros-Núñez JP, Arnaud-López L, Maloney V, Crolla JA. A highly complex rea(2;3;11) and aniridia by position effect. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 114:83-8. [PMID: 16717455 DOI: 10.1159/000091933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A two-year-old boy presenting with bilateral aniridia and psychomotor retardation had a de novo (2;3;11) highly complex rearrangement which was characterized as far as possible by means of G-banding and FISH assays with multiple probes including cosmids for the Wilms, Aniridia, Genital anomalies and Retardation (WAGR) region, alphoid repeats for chromosomes 2, 3 and 11, subtelomere probes for 2p/2q, 3p/3q and 11q and BACs for 2q32 and 3q13. We identified approximately 15 breakpoints with at least three interchromosomal and three intrachromosome anomalies involving chromosome 11. Both parents had normal karyotypes and no cryptic 11p rearrangements revealed by the chromosome 11 cosmid panel. The lack of a deletion of PAX6 pointed to the direct insertion of an approximately 300-kb segment involving the cosmids FO2121 and AO4160, and more specifically the insertion's proximal breakpoint in the approximately 150-kb segment between FO2121 and FAT5 (PAX6), as the responsible factor for the patient's aniridia via a position effect resulting in functional haploinsufficiency of the PAX6 gene. This case illustrates the importance of recognizing that de novo complex chromosomal rearrangements found in patients with diverse clinical features may contribute to the phenotype, but that multiple mechanisms and higher levels of complexity may be unmasked by high resolution molecular cytogenetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Rivera
- Universidad de Guadalajara e Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jal., Mexico.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Borg K, Stankiewicz P, Bocian E, Kruczek A, Obersztyn E, Lupski JR, Mazurczak T. Molecular analysis of a constitutional complex genome rearrangement with 11 breakpoints involving chromosomes 3, 11, 12, and 21 and a ∼0.5-Mb submicroscopic deletion in a patient with mild mental retardation. Hum Genet 2005; 118:267-75. [PMID: 16160854 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-005-0021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 06/03/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Complex chromosome rearrangements (CCRs) are extremely rare but often associated with mental retardation, congenital anomalies, or recurrent spontaneous abortions. We report a de novo apparently balanced CCR involving chromosomes 3 and 12 and a two-way translocation between chromosomes 11 and 21 in a woman with mild intellectual disability, obesity, coarse facies, and apparent synophrys without other distinctive dysmorphia or congenital anomalies. Molecular analysis of breakpoints using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with region-specific BAC clones revealed a more complex character for the CCR. The rearrangement is a result of nine breaks and involves reciprocal translocation of terminal chromosome fragments 3p24.1-->pter and 12q23.1-->qter, insertion of four fragments of the long arm of chromosome 12: q14.1-->q21?, q21?-->q22, q22-->q23.1, and q23.1-->q23.1 and a region 3p22.3-->p24.1 into chromosome 3q26.31. In addition, we detected a approximately 0.5-Mb submicroscopic deletion at 3q26.31. The deletion involves the chromosome region that has been previously associated with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) in which a novel gene NAALADL2 has been mapped recently. Other potential genes responsible for intellectual deficiency disrupted as a result of patient's chromosomal rearrangement map at 12q14.1 (TAFA2), 12q23.1 (METAP2), and 11p14.1 (BDNF).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Borg
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ciccone R, Giorda R, Gregato G, Guerrini R, Giglio S, Carrozzo R, Bonaglia MC, Priolo E, Laganà C, Tenconi R, Rocchi M, Pramparo T, Zuffardi O, Rossi E. Reciprocal translocations: a trap for cytogenetists? Hum Genet 2005; 117:571-82. [PMID: 16041583 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-005-1324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2005] [Accepted: 04/08/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We report four cases of subjects with phenotypic abnormalities and mental retardation associated with apparently balanced translocations, two inherited and two de novo, which showed, by molecular analysis, a hidden complexity. All the cases have been analyzed with different molecular techniques, including array-CGH, and in two of them the translocation breakpoints have been defined at the level of base pairs via studies in somatic hybrids containing single derivative chromosomes. We demonstrated that all the translocations were in fact complex rearrangements and that an imbalance was present in three of them, thus accounting for the phenotypic abnormalities. In one case, a Prader-Willi subject, we were not able to determine the molecular cause of his phenotype. This study, while confirming previous data showing unexpected complexity in translocations, further underscores the need for molecular investigations before taking for granted an apparently simple cytogenetic interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ciccone
- Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Soler A, Sánchez A, Carrió A, Badenas C, Milà M, Margarit E, Borrell A. Recombination in a male carrier of two reciprocal translocations involving chromosomes 14, 14', 15, and 21 leading to balanced and unbalanced rearrangements in offspring. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 134:309-14. [PMID: 15732062 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report an unusual case of a familial complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR), ascertained through prenatal diagnosis. The fetus carried an apparently balanced CCR with a recombinant 3-segment chromosome derived from two paternal reciprocal translocations involving both homologs of chromosome 14 and chromosomes 15 and 21, respectively. A probably normal phenotype was predicted and confirmed after birth. His older sister carried an unbalanced karyotype with partial trisomy 14 and partial monosomy 21, and displayed an apparently normal, paternally derived chromosome 14 that resulted from recombination between two derivative chromosomes. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular studies were essential for the characterization of the rearrangement. The "rebuilding," through recombination, of a chromosome involved in two different translocations in a progenitor, was demonstrated for the first time by molecular analysis. Our family is another good example of how balanced familial complex translocations are in a state of flux and can change from one generation to the next.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Family Health
- Female
- Heterozygote
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Infant
- Karyotyping
- Male
- Models, Genetic
- Recombination, Genetic
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Soler
- Unitat de Diagnòstic Prenatal, Servei de Genètica, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kline AD, Griffin CA, Haddadin MH, Chudoba I, Morsberger LA, Hawkins AL, Amato RS, Munshi G, Cohen MM. A de novo complex karyotype with two independent balanced translocations and a double inversion of chromosome 6 presenting with multiple congenital anomalies. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 129A:124-9. [PMID: 15316975 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report a 4-year-old female with a de novo complex karyotype with multiple chromosomal rearrangements and a distinctive phenotype. Her medical history is significant for having been a twin born at 35 weeks gestation, breech presentation, with feeding problems and poor growth as an infant, gastroesophageal reflux disease, peripheral pulmonic stenosis, omphalocele, high myopia, and severe mental retardation. She is small for her age with microcephaly, posteriorly sloping forehead, shallow orbits, long palpebral fissures, prominent nose, wide mouth, absent uvula, kyphosis, brachydactyly, bridged palmar crease, and hypertonia. Peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed a karyotype of 46,XX,t(1;12)(p22.3;q21.3),inv(6)(p24q23),t(7;18)(q11.2;q21.2) in all cells. Parental karyotypes and that of her twin were normal. Spectral Karyotyping (SKY) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with whole chromosome paints for chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 12, and 18 did not reveal additional rearrangements. Prometaphase G-banding analysis suggested that the "inverted" chromosome 6 might contain a cryptic rearrangement. Although no deletion nor duplication was detected using metaphase comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), multicolor high resolution banding (mBAND) demonstrated a double inversion of chromosome 6, resulting in a final karyotype as above but including der(6)(pter --> p23::q21 --> q22.3::q21 --> p23::q22.3 --> qter).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonie D Kline
- Department of Pediatrics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21204, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rosenberg C, Knijnenburg J, Chauffaille MDL, Brunoni D, Catelani AL, Sloos W, Szuhai K, Tanke HJ. Array CGH detection of a cryptic deletion in a complex chromosome rearrangement. Hum Genet 2005; 116:390-4. [PMID: 15726417 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-004-1248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Accepted: 12/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Balanced complex chromosome rearrangements (CCR) are extremely rare in humans. They are usually ascertained either by abnormal phenotype or reproductive failure in carriers. These abnormalities are attributed to disruption of genes at the breakpoints, position effect or cryptic imbalances in the genome. However, little is known about possible imbalances at the junction points. We report here a patient with a CCR involving three chromosomes (2;10;11) and eight breakpoints. The patient presented with behavioural problems as the sole phenotypic abnormality. The rearrangement, which is apparently balanced in G-banding and multicolour FISH, was shown by genomic array analysis to include a deletion of 0.15-1.5 Mb associated with one of the breakpoints. To explain the formation of this rearrangement through the smallest possible number of breakage-and-reunion events, one has to assume that the breaks have not occurred simultaneously, but in a temporal order within the span of a single cell division. We demonstrate that array comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) is a useful complementary tool to cytogenetic analysis for detecting and mapping cryptic imbalances associated with chromosome rearrangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rosenberg
- Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Cytometry, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hernando C, Plaja A, Català V, Sarret E, Egozcue J, Fuster C. Primary amenorrhea in a woman with a cryptic complex chromosome rearrangement involving the critical regions Xp11.2 and Xq24. Fertil Steril 2004; 82:1666-71. [PMID: 15589876 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2004] [Revised: 05/04/2004] [Accepted: 05/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize a complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR) previously detected by G-banding in peripheral blood lymphocytes, as 46,X,-2,-11,-22,-X,+mar 1+mar2+mar3+mar4 in a patient with primary amenorrhea. DESIGN Case report. SETTING University faculty of Medicine and hospital. PATIENT(S) A 36-year-old woman with primary amenorrhea. INTERVENTION(S) Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Use of commercially available M-FISH probe (24 colors simultaneously) and whole chromosome painting probes for chromosomes 2, 11, 22, and X to characterize the CCR. RESULT(S) The use of conventional and multiple FISH allowed the redefinition of the CCR, showing a cryptic insertion of chromosome 11 in marker 3 previously suspected by M-FISH. The combination of G-banding and FISH data revealed that four chromosomes and seven breakpoints, including 2q21, 2q31, 11q22.1, 11q22.3, 22q13.3, Xp11.21, and Xq24, were implicated in this CCR. CONCLUSION(S) This report confirms the importance of a combination of G-banding and FISH (M-FISH and conventional FISH) techniques to characterize the de novo CCR. These techniques also were useful in defining two possible critical chromosome regions, Xp11.21 and Xq24, in which genes of potential interest for a primary amenorrhea could be located.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Hernando
- Departament Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lespinasse J, Réthoré MO, North MO, Bovier-Lapierre M, Lundsteen C, Fert-Ferrer S, Bugge M, Kirchoff M. Balanced complex chromosomal rearrangements (BCCR) with at least three chromosomes and three or more breakpoints: report of three new cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 47:315-24. [PMID: 15337478 DOI: 10.1016/j.anngen.2004.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2003] [Accepted: 12/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Balanced complex chromosomal rearrangements (BCCR) encompass a heterogeneous group of rare chromosomal aberrations. In this paper, we report three cases of BCCRs. In two the probands were referred for either genetic counseling or prenatal management. One case was ascertained after chromosome analysis performed because of psychiatric manifestations; this was an isolated finding. We also outline the molecular cytogenetic techniques, which were essential in confirming and precisely delineating the BCCRs identified in these patients. In addition the various aspects of genetic counseling for this type of chromosomal rearrangement, highlighting the details particular to each individual case are discussed. We discuss the classification for this type of chromosomal mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lespinasse
- Cytogenetic Laboratory, General Hospital, BP 1125, 73011 Chambéry cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vermeulen S, Menten B, Van Roy N, Van Limbergen H, De Paepe A, Mortier G, Speleman F. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of complex chromosomal rearrangements in patients with mental retardation and congenital malformations: delineation of 7q21.11 breakpoints. Am J Med Genet A 2004; 124A:10-8. [PMID: 14679581 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Constitutional de novo complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs) are a rare finding in patients with mild to severe mental retardation. CCRs pose a challenge to the clinical cytogeneticist: generally CCRs are assumed to be the cause of the observed phenotypic abnormalities, but the complex nature of these chromosomal changes often hamper the accurate delineation of the chromosomal breakpoints and the identification of possible imbalances. In a first step towards a more detailed molecular cytogenetic characterization of CCRs, we studied four de novo CCRs using multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (M-FISH), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and FISH with region specific probes. These methods allowed a more refined characterization of the breakpoints in three of the four CCRs. The occurrence of 7q breakpoints in three out of these four CCRs and in 30% of reported CCRs suggested preferential involvement of this chromosomal region in the formation of CCRs. Further analysis of these 7q breakpoints revealed a 2 Mb deletion at 7q21.11 in one patient and involvement of the same region in a cryptic insertion in a second patient. This particular region contains at least 5 candidate genes for mental retardation. The other patient had a breakpoint more proximal to this region. The present data together with these from the literature provide evidence that a region within 7q21.11 may be prone to breakage and formation of CCRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vermeulen
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital 0K5, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lespinasse J, Bugge M, Réthoré MO, North MO, Lundsteen C, Kirchhoff M. De novo complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCR) involving chromosome 1, 5, and 6 resulting in microdeletion for 6q14 in a female carrier with psychotic disorder. Am J Med Genet A 2004; 128A:199-203. [PMID: 15214017 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 23-year-old obese woman with a psychotic disorder was found to have a de novo apparently balanced complex chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosomes 1, 5, and 6. Molecular cytogenetic analyses using high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization (HR-CGH) showed a microdeletion at 6q14 in a der(6). Application of HR-CGH facilitated detection of micro-rearrangement of all de novo apparently balanced complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCR) and supported the localization of the breakpoint. According to our knowledge, no constitutional interstitial microdeletion of chromosome 6q14 has been found associated with a schizoid-type phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Lespinasse
- Cytogenetic Laboratory, General Hospital, Chambéry Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Battisti C, Bonaglia MC, Giglio S, Anichini C, Pucci L, Dotti MT, Zuffardi O, Federico A. De novo double translocation 3;13 and 4;8;18 in a patient with mental retardation and skeletal abnormalities. Am J Med Genet A 2003; 117A:207-11. [PMID: 12599183 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.10149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A de novo, apparently balanced complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR) involving five chromosomes and six chromosome breakpoints was found in a child with Marfanoid habitus, kyphoscoliosis, axillary pterygium, camptodactyly, joint laxity, and mild mental retardation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed a simple translocation involving chromosomes 3 and 13, and a complex rearrangement involving chromosomes 4, 8, and 18 with four breakpoints.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology
- Bone and Bones/abnormalities
- Child
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Fingers/abnormalities
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Intellectual Disability/pathology
- Male
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Battisti
- O.U. of Neurometabolic Diseases, Policlinico Le Scotte, Research Center for Diagnosis, Therapy and Prevention of Neurohandicap, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tonk VS, Wyandt HE, Huang X, Patel N, Morgan DL, Kukolich M, Lockhart LH, Velagaleti GVN. Disease associated balanced chromosome rearrangements (DBCR): report of two new cases. ANNALES DE GENETIQUE 2003; 46:37-43. [PMID: 12818528 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3995(03)00005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Disease associated balanced chromosome rearrangements (DBCR) causing truncation, deletion, inactivation or over-expression of specific genes are instrumental in identifying and cloning several disease genes and are estimated to be much more common than anticipated. In one survey, the minimal frequency of combined balanced de novo reciprocal translocations and inversions causing abnormal phenotype is estimated to be 0.17%, a sixfold increase compared to the general population suggesting a causative linkage between the abnormality and the observed phenotypic traits. Here, we report two new cases of apparently balanced de novo translocations resulting in developmental delay and dysmorphic features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V S Tonk
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, TX, Lubbock, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Berend SA, Bodamer OAF, Shapira SK, Shaffer LG, Bacino CA. Familial complex chromosomal rearrangement resulting in a recombinant chromosome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 109:311-7. [PMID: 11992486 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Familial complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs) are rare and tend to involve fewer breakpoints and fewer chromosomes than CCRs that are de novo in origin. We report on a CCR identified in a child with congenital heart disease and dysmorphic features. Initially, the child's karyotype was thought to involve a straightforward three-way translocation between chromosomes 3, 8, and 16. However, after analyzing the mother's chromosomes, the mother was found to have a more complex rearrangement that resulted in a recombinant chromosome in the child. The mother's karyotype included an inverted chromosome 2 and multiple translocations involving chromosomes 3, 5, 8, and 16. No evidence of deletion or duplication that could account for the clinical findings in the child was identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sue Ann Berend
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wenger SL, Cutenese C, Hummel M. Three-way unbalanced translocation in a mildly dysmorphic mentally retarded child. Clin Genet 2001; 59:139-40. [PMID: 11260219 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.590215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
43
|
Joyce CA, Cabral de Almeida JC, Santa Rose AA, Correia P, Moraes L, Bastos E, Llerena J. A de novo complex chromosomal rearrangement with nine breakpoints characterized by FISH in a boy with mild mental retardation, developmental delay, short stature and microcephaly. Clin Genet 1999; 56:86-92. [PMID: 10466423 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.1999.560113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A de novo complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR) involving chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 15 and Y was detected in a boy with mental retardation, short stature, and microcephaly. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with whole chromosome painting libraries, band-specific cosmids and telomeric probes was essential for the characterisation of the rearrangement. The CCR was shown to be the result of at least nine chromosomal breaks and involved the alternating insertion of two segments of the short arm of chromosome 1 and two segments of the long arm of chromosome 6 into a novel derived chromosome 7. A non-reciprocal translocation between the distal short arm of the same chromosome 7 and the distal long arm of the Y chromosome was also found, together with a paracentric inversion of the long arm of chromosome 15. The only detectable imbalance was a deletion of the heterochromatic Yq telomeric region. FISH investigations in this case have revealed an additional complexity in this CCR, which has implications for reproductive risk assessment and genetic counselling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Joyce
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Wiltshire, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|