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Takamatsu Y, Ho G, Waragai M, Wada R, Sugama S, Takenouchi T, Masliah E, Hashimoto M. Transgenerational Interaction of Alzheimer's Disease with Schizophrenia through Amyloid Evolvability. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:473-481. [PMID: 30741673 PMCID: PMC6484278 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative dementia, leads to memory dysfunction due to widespread neuronal loss associated with aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins (APs), while schizophrenia (SCZ) represents a major psychiatric disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and other cognitive abnormalities, the underlying mechanisms of which remain obscure. Although AD and SCZ partially overlap in terms of psychiatric symptoms and some aspects of cognitive impairment, the causal relationship between AD and SCZ is unclear. Based on the similarity of APs with yeast prion in terms of stress-induced protein aggregation, we recently proposed that evolvability of APs might be an epigenetic phenomenon to transmit stress information of parental brain to cope with the stressors in offspring. Although amyloid evolvability may be beneficial in evolution, AD might be manifested during parental aging as the mechanism of antagonistic pleiotropy phenomenon. Provided that accumulating evidence implicates stress as an important factor in SCZ, the main objective of this paper is to better understand the possible connection of AD and SCZ through amyloid evolvability. Hypothetically, the delivery of information of stress by APs may be less efficient under the decreased evolvability conditions such as disease-modifying treatment, leading to SCZ in offspring. Conversely, the increased evolvability conditions including gene mutations of APs are supposed to be beneficial for offspring, but might lead to AD in parents. Collectively, AD and SCZ might transgenerationally interfere with each other through amyloid evolvability, and this could explain why both AD and SCZ have not been selected out through evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Takamatsu
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gilbert Ho
- PCND Neuroscience Research Institute, Poway, CA, USA
| | - Masaaki Waragai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Wada
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuei Sugama
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Takenouchi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Rossi M, Farcy N, Starkstein SE, Merello M. Nosology and Phenomenology of Psychosis in Movement Disorders. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2020; 7:140-153. [PMID: 32071931 PMCID: PMC7011839 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations, are part of the clinical picture of several conditions presenting movement disorders. Phenomenology and epidemiology of psychosis in Parkinson's disease have received wide attention; however, the presence of psychosis in other movement disorders is, comparatively, less well known. OBJECTIVES To review psychotic symptoms present in different movement disorders. METHODS A comprehensive and structured literature search was performed to identify and analyze data on patients with movement disorders and comorbid psychosis. RESULTS In monogenic parkinsonisms, such as PARK-GBA, PARK-LRRK2, and PARK-SNCA, visual hallucinations related to dopamine replacement therapy are frequent as well as are delusions in PARK-LRRK2 and PARK-SNCA, but not in PARK-GBA. Different types of delusions and hallucinations are found in Huntington's disease and other choreic disorders. In Tourette's syndrome, paranoid delusions as well as visual, olfactory, and auditory hallucinations have been described, which usually develop after an average of 10 years of disease. Delusions in ataxias are more frequent in ATX-TBP, ATX-ATN1, and ATX-ATXN3, whereas it is rare in Friedreich's ataxia. Psychosis is also a prominent and frequent clinical feature in Fahr's disease, Wilson's disease, neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, and some lysosomal storage disorders, whereas it is uncommon in atypical parkinsonisms and dystonia. Psychosis usually occurs at late disease stages, but may appear as onset symptoms of the disease, especially in Wilson's disease, Huntington's disease, late-onset Tays-Sachs, and Niemann-Pick. CONCLUSION Psychosis is a frequent comorbidity in most hyper- and hypokinetic movement disorders. Appropriate recognition is relevant both in the early and late disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malco Rossi
- Movement Disorders Section, Neuroscience DepartmentRaul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI)Buenos AiresArgentina
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina (UCA)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Nicole Farcy
- Movement Disorders Section, Neuroscience DepartmentRaul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Sergio E. Starkstein
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | - Marcelo Merello
- Movement Disorders Section, Neuroscience DepartmentRaul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI)Buenos AiresArgentina
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina (UCA)Buenos AiresArgentina
- Argentine National Scientific and Technological Research Council (CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
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3
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Connors MH, Teixeira-Pinto A, Loy CT. Psychosis and longitudinal outcomes in Huntington disease: the COHORT Study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:15-20. [PMID: 31611263 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-320646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease involving motor disturbances, cognitive decline and psychiatric symptoms. Psychotic symptoms occur in a significant proportion of patients. We sought to characterise the clinical outcomes of this group of patients. METHODS Data were drawn from the Cooperative Huntington Observational Research Trial, a prospective, multi-centre observational study. 1082 patients with HD were recruited. Measures of cognition, function, behavioural disturbance and motor function were completed annually over 5 years. RESULTS Overall, 190 patients (17.6%) displayed psychotic symptoms. These patients demonstrated worse cognition, function and behavioural disturbances than patients without psychosis over time. Patients with psychosis also demonstrated lower levels of chorea than patients without psychosis, despite adjusting for concurrent antipsychotic and tetrabenazine use. CONCLUSIONS Psychosis in HD is associated with poorer outcomes in cognition, function and behavioural symptoms. Patients with psychotic symptoms may also have less chorea. Altogether, the findings suggest patients with psychosis have a distinct clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Connors
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Armando Teixeira-Pinto
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clement T Loy
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia .,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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4
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Tsuang DW, Greenwood TA, Jayadev S, Davis M, Shutes-David A, Bird TD. A Genetic Study of Psychosis in Huntington's Disease: Evidence for the Involvement of Glutamate Signaling Pathways. J Huntingtons Dis 2019; 7:51-59. [PMID: 29480208 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-170277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic symptoms of delusions and hallucinations occur in about 5% of persons with Huntington's disease (HD). The mechanisms underlying these occurrences are unknown, but the same symptoms also occur in schizophrenia, and thus genetic risk factors for schizophrenia may be relevant to the development of psychosis in HD. OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible role of genes associated with schizophrenia in the occurrence of psychotic symptoms in HD. METHODS DNA from subjects with HD and psychosis (HD+P; n = 47), subjects with HD and no psychosis (HD-P; n = 126), and controls (CTLs; n = 207) was genotyped using the Infinium PsychArray-24 v1.1 BeadChip. The allele frequencies of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were previously associated with schizophrenia and related psychiatric disorders were compared between these groups. RESULTS Of the 30 candidate genes tested, 10 showed an association with psychosis in HD. The majority of these genes, including CTNNA2, DRD2, ERBB4, GRID2, GRIK4, GRM1, NRG1, PCNT, RELN, and SLC1A2, demonstrate network interactions related to glutamate signaling. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests genetic associations between several previously identified candidate genes for schizophrenia and the occurrence of psychotic symptoms in HD. These data support the potential role of genes related to glutamate signaling in HD psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby W Tsuang
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tiffany A Greenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marie Davis
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Shutes-David
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas D Bird
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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5
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Amato D, Canneva F, Nguyen HP, Bauer P, Riess O, von Hörsten S, Müller CP. Capturing schizophrenia-like prodromal symptoms in a spinocerebellar ataxia-17 transgenic rat. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:461-473. [PMID: 27856682 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116675510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The polyglutamine disease spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (SCA17) is a neurodegenerative disease leading to severe neurological symptoms during development. Additionally, patients affected by SCA17 display psychosis earlier than their motor disorders. OBJECTIVE Here the putative psychotic phenotype and endophenotype of transgenic SCA17 rats was examined. METHODS The expression of schizophrenia-like symptoms was evaluated over a longitudinal period before and after the onset of neurological symptoms in SCA17. To this end, transgenic SCA17 rats' monoamine neurotransmission was investigated along with their locomotion at baseline and in response to amphetamine using in-vivo microdialysis in free moving conditions, their sensorimotor gating using pre-pulse inhibition of startle reaction, and their object memory using the novel object recognition test as an index of cognitive impairments. RESULTS Presymptomatic SCA17 rats displayed dysregulated monoamine levels at baseline and in response to amphetamine compared with control wild-type (wt) rats. At that stage, neither amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion nor sensorimotor gating differed from that in wt rats. Symptomatic SCA17 rats developed sensorimotor gating deficits and also showed an impaired object memory, while their monoaminergic responses remained supersensitive to amphetamine. CONCLUSIONS The data of the present study demonstrate a neurochemical endophenotype in SCA17 rats resembling that of prodromal schizophrenia. These findings suggest that a sensitization of the monoamine systems arises early in adulthood in SCA17 rats and may predispose them to express schizophrenia-like symptoms later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Amato
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Fabio Canneva
- 2 Department of Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Huu Phuc Nguyen
- 3 Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Rare Disease Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Bauer
- 3 Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Rare Disease Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- 3 Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Rare Disease Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- 2 Department of Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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6
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Shan L, Bao AM, Swaab DF. Changes in Histidine Decarboxylase, Histamine N-Methyltransferase and Histamine Receptors in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 241:259-276. [PMID: 28233178 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Compared to other monoamine neurotransmitters, information on the association between the histaminergic system and neuropsychiatric disorders is scarce, resulting in a lack of histamine-related treatment for these disorders. The current chapter tries to combine information obtained from genetic studies, neuroimaging, post-mortem human brain studies and cerebrospinal fluid measurements with data from recent clinical trials on histamine receptor agonists and antagonists, with a view to determining the possible role of the histaminergic system in neuropsychiatric disorders and to pave the way for novel histamine-related therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Shan
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, 1105 BA, The Netherlands
| | - Ai-Min Bao
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Dick F Swaab
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, 1105 BA, The Netherlands.
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7
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Gama Marques J, Carnot MJ. Huntington's disease in a patient with 15-year history of Capgras delusion misdiagnosed as paranoid schizophrenia. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2016; 39:97-8. [PMID: 26719104 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Gama Marques
- Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Hospital Júlio de Matos, Clínica de Psicoses Esquizofrénicas, Avenida Brasil, 53, 1749-002 Lisboa, Portugal Europa.
| | - Maria João Carnot
- Clínica de Psicoses Esquizofrénicas, Hospital Júlio de Matos, Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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8
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Craufurd D, MacLeod R, Frontali M, Quarrell O, Bijlsma EK, Davis M, Hjermind LE, Lahiri N, Mandich P, Martinez A, Tibben A, Roos RA. Diagnostic genetic testing for Huntington's disease. Pract Neurol 2014; 15:80-4. [PMID: 25169240 DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2013-000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Craufurd
- Faculty of Medicine and Human Sciences, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Rhona MacLeod
- Faculty of Medicine and Human Sciences, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Marina Frontali
- Instituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale del CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Oliver Quarrell
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emilia K Bijlsma
- Centre for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mary Davis
- Neurogenetics Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Lena Elisabeth Hjermind
- Memory Disorders Research Group, Section of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Section of Neurogenetics, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nayana Lahiri
- NE Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paola Mandich
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy UO of Medical Genetics, IRCCS AOU San Martino of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Aad Tibben
- Centre for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Raymund A Roos
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Borek LL, Friedman JH. Treating psychosis in movement disorder patients: a review. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014; 15:1553-64. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2014.918955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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10
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Cowin RM, Bui N, Graham D, Green JR, Yuva-Paylor LA, Weiss A, Paylor R. Genetic background modulates behavioral impairments in R6/2 mice and suggests a role for dominant genetic modifiers in Huntington’s disease pathogenesis. Mamm Genome 2012; 23:367-77. [PMID: 22290451 PMCID: PMC3357469 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-012-9391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Variability and modification of the symptoms of Huntington’s disease (HD) are commonly observed in both patient populations and animal models of the disease. Utilizing a stable line of the R6/2 HD mouse model, the present study investigated the role of genetic background in the onset and severity of HD symptoms in a transgenic mouse. R6/2 congenic C57BL/6J and C57BL/6J × DBA/2J F1 (B6D2F1) mice were evaluated for survival and a number of behavioral phenotypes. This study reports that the presence of the DBA/2J allele results in amelioration or exacerbation of several HD-like phenotypes characteristic of the R6/2 mouse model and indicates the presence of dominant genetic modifiers of HD symptoms. This study is the first step in identifying genes that confer natural genetic variation and modify the HD symptoms. This identification may lead to novel targets for treatment and help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of HD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi-Michelle Cowin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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11
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Cowin RM, Roscic A, Bui N, Graham D, Paganetti P, Jankowsky JL, Weiss A, Paylor R. Neuronal aggregates are associated with phenotypic onset in the R6/2 Huntington's disease transgenic mouse. Behav Brain Res 2012; 229:308-19. [PMID: 22306231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by the expansion of the polyglutamine tract expressed in the huntingtin protein. Data from patients show a strong negative correlation between CAG repeat size and age of disease onset. Recent studies in mixed background C57×CBA R6/2 mice suggest the inverse correlation observed in the human disease may not be replicated in some animal models of HD. To further clarify the relationship between repeat length and age of onset, congenic C57BL6/J R6/2 transgenic mice expressing 110, 260 or 310 CAG were tested in a comprehensive behavioral battery at multiple ages. Data confirmed the findings of earlier studies and indicate that on a pure C57BL6/J genetic background, R6/2 mice with larger repeats exhibit a delay in phenotypic onset with increasing polyglutamine size (6 weeks in 110 CAG and 17 weeks in 310 CAG mice). Further analysis confirmed a decrease in transgene transcript expression in 310 CAG mice as well as differential aggregated protein localization in association with repeat length. Mice expressing 110 CAG developed aggregates that localized almost exclusively to the nucleus of neuronal cells in the striatum and cortex. In contrast, tissue from 310 CAG mice exhibited predominantly extranuclear inclusions. Novel mutant protein analysis obtained using time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) revealed that soluble protein levels decreased with disease onset in R6/2 mice while aggregated protein levels increased. We believe that these data suggest a role for aggregation and inclusion localization in HD pathogenesis and propose a mechanism for the age of onset delay observed in R6/2 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi-Michelle Cowin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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12
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Boxall R, Porteous DJ, Thomson PA. DISC1 and Huntington's disease--overlapping pathways of vulnerability to neurological disorder? PLoS One 2011; 6:e16263. [PMID: 21298101 PMCID: PMC3027647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We re-annotated the interacting partners of the neuronal scaffold protein DISC1 using a knowledge-based approach that incorporated recent protein interaction data and published literature to. This revealed two highly connected networks. These networks feature cellular function and maintenance, and cell signaling. Of potentially greatest interest was the novel finding of a high degree of connectivity between the DISC1 scaffold protein, linked to psychiatric illness, and huntingtin, the protein which is mutated in Huntington's disease. The potential link between DISC1, huntingtin and their interacting partners may open new areas of research into the effects of pathway dysregulation in severe neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Boxall
- Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Porteous
- Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Pippa A. Thomson
- Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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13
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Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited disorder that causes neurological, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. Most patients with HD develop symptoms in all three of these domains, often concurrently. Problems in one area can impact and magnify symptoms in another domain. Limited treatment options exist for neurological and cognitive symptoms at this time, and no treatment exists to slow disease progression. In contrast, many behavioral symptoms respond to psychiatric medication. Thorough and aggressive treatment of psychiatric symptoms can positively impact both patient and caregiver quality of life, and may allow patients to remain longer in the home. There are currently numerous treatment trials not only for symptomatic therapy, but also for disease-modifying agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Anderson
- Movement Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA.
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14
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Datta SR, McQuillin A, Rizig M, Blaveri E, Thirumalai S, Kalsi G, Lawrence J, Bass NJ, Puri V, Choudhury K, Pimm J, Crombie C, Fraser G, Walker N, Curtis D, Zvelebil M, Pereira A, Kandaswamy R, St Clair D, Gurling HMD. A threonine to isoleucine missense mutation in the pericentriolar material 1 gene is strongly associated with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2010; 15:615-28. [PMID: 19048012 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Markers at the pericentriolar material 1 gene (PCM1) have shown genetic association with schizophrenia in both a University College London (UCL) and a USA-based case-control sample. In this paper we report a statistically significant replication of the PCM1 association in a large Scottish case-control sample from Aberdeen. Resequencing of the genomic DNA from research volunteers who had inherited haplotypes associated with schizophrenia showed a threonine to isoleucine missense mutation in exon 24 which was likely to change the structure and function of PCM1 (rs370429). This mutation was found only as a heterozygote in 98 schizophrenic research subjects and controls out of 2246 case and control research subjects. Among the 98 carriers of rs370429, 67 were affected with schizophrenia. The same alleles and haplotypes were associated with schizophrenia in both the London and Aberdeen samples. Another potential aetiological base pair change in PCM1 was rs445422, which altered a splice site signal. A further mutation, rs208747, was shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assays to create or destroy a promoter transcription factor site. Five further non-synonymous changes in exons were also found. Genotyping of the new variants discovered in the UCL case-control sample strengthened the evidence for allelic and haplotypic association (P=0.02-0.0002). Given the number and identity of the haplotypes associated with schizophrenia, further aetiological base pair changes must exist within and around the PCM1 gene. PCM1 protein has been shown to interact directly with the disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) protein, Bardet-Biedl syndrome 4, and Huntingtin-associated protein 1, and is important in neuronal cell growth. In a separate study we found that clozapine but not haloperidol downregulated PCM1 expression in the mouse brain. We hypothesize that mutant PCM1 may be responsible for causing a subtype of schizophrenia through abnormal cell division and abnormal regeneration in dividing cells in the central nervous system. This is supported by our previous finding of orbitofrontal volumetric deficits in PCM1-associated schizophrenia patients as opposed to temporal pole deficits in non-PCM1-associated schizophrenia patients. Caution needs to be exercised in interpreting the actual biological effects of the mutations we have found without further cell biology. However, the DNA changes we have found deserve widespread genotyping in multiple case-control populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Datta
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Research Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
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Fortune MT, Kennedy JL, Vincent JB. Anticipation and CAG*CTG repeat expansion in schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2003; 5:145-54. [PMID: 12685994 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-003-0031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The genetic contribution to the etiologies of schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) has been considered for many decades, with twin, family, and adoption studies indicating consistently that the familial clustering of affected individuals is accounted for mainly by genetic factors. Despite the strong evidence for a genetic component, very little is understood about the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms for schizophrenia and BPAD. In the early 1990s, after the discovery of "dynamic mutation" or "unstable DNA" as a molecular basis for the genetic anticipation observed in Huntington's disease, myotonic dystrophy, and many others, and the recently rediscovered, albeit still controversial, evidence for genetic anticipation in major psychoses, the genetic epidemiology of schizophrenia and BPAD was re-evaluated to demonstrate strong endorsement for the unstable DNA model. Many of the non-Mendelian genetic features of schizophrenia and BPAD could be explained by the behaviour of unstable DNA, and several molecular genetic approaches became available for testing the unstable DNA hypothesis. However, despite promising findings in the mid-1990s, no trinucleotide repeat expansion has yet been identified as a cause of idiopathic schizophrenia or BPAD.
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MESH Headings
- Bipolar Disorder/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Chromosome Mapping/methods
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Exons
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Huntington Disease/genetics
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Untranslated
- Schizophrenia/genetics
- Schizophrenia/metabolism
- TCF Transcription Factors
- Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa Fortune
- Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Clarke Division, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
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Abstract
Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by involuntary movements, cognitive decline, and behavioral disorders leading to functional disability. In contrast to patients with adult onset, in which chorea is the major motor abnormality, children often present with spasticity, rigidity, and significant intellectual decline associated with a more rapidly progressive course. An unusual early-onset Huntington's disease case of an 11-year-old boy with severe hypokinetic/rigid syndrome appearing at the age of 2.5 years is presented. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction study of the expanded IT-15 allele with a compatible size of 102 cytosine-adenosine-guanosine repeats L-Dopa mildly ameliorated rigidity, bradykinesia, and dystonia. We conclude that Huntington's disease should be included in the differential diagnoses of regressive syndromes of early childhood.
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