Blepharo-cheilo-dontic (BCD) syndrome in two Mexican patients

Odontoma and other congenital dental anomalies: Implications for forensic identification

Forensic odontology plays a crucial role in establishing the identity in mass disasters and criminal cases with high accuracy. Dental anomalies and features help in such situations. Congenital and developmental dental anomalies can be easily documented to establish distinctive and individualistic characteristics of an individual. The location, number of teeth involved, and the type of anomaly vary between individuals. Similarly, dental malformations also assist greatly in the identification process. Many types of dental anomalies have been studied in the past for their individualistic characteristics in forensic examinations. One such dental anomaly is odontoma, which is a benign odontogenic malformation. This malformation may also help in the identification of the deceased, when recorded and examined accurately. An odontome is a malformed teeth-like structures consisting of enamel, dentin, and pulpal tissue, formed due to the growth of completely differentiated epithelial and mesenchymal cells. If antemortem (AM) dental records incorporate information regarding odontomes and other dental anomalies, including in radiographs, orthopantomograms or microradiographs, positive identification may be established by comparison of these records with postmortem (PM) records. In the present communication, a rare case of compound composite odontoma in the anterior mandible with multiple denticles has been discussed with a brief overview of congenital and developmental dental anomalies. The authors emphasize the importance of such rare dental anomalies and malformations which may be used for identifying the deceased in mass disasters and forensic identification.

Blepharo-Cheilo-Dontic (BCD) Syndrome: Case Report

Objective

To report a case of blepharo-cheilo-dontic (BCD) syndrome, to compare with the previous cases, and to discuss the possible treatment.

Patient

The patient was a 14-day-old boy born uneventfully on August 7, 2002. His scalp hair was sparse and curly. A tumor on the top of his head, which was thought to be a dermoid cyst, and a nevus on the back of his left hand were observed. All typical symptoms of blepharo-cheilo-dontic syndrome, such as euryblepharon with ectropion of the lower eyelids, distichiasis, bilateral cleft lip and palate, severe oligodontia, and conical teeth, were observed. Because there was no fatal complication, and growth and development were about normal, it was recommended that a long and active treatment plan be considered for this patient.

Blepharo-cheilo-dontic (BCD) syndrome: expanding the phenotype, case report and review of literature

The combination of lagophthalmia, euryblepharon, ectropion of lower eyelids, distichiasis, bilateral cleft lip and palate, and oligodontia comprises the blepharo-cheilo-dontic (BCD) syndrome. This combination has been found sporadically or with positive family history and inherited as an autosomal dominant condition with variable expression. We described a Saudi boy with the cardinal signs consistent with the BCD syndrome. In addition to the common components of BCD syndrome that involve eyelids, lip, and teeth abnormalities, this patient is the third reported BCD case with imperforate anus, the second with thyroid agenesis, and the first with lumbosacral meningomyelocele.

Blepharocheilodontic (BCD) syndrome: expanding the phenotype?

We describe affected individuals in three generations of a family and another sporadic case, all Brazilian patients, with a combination of signs that diagnose the BCD syndrome. In addition to the cardinal signs, the sporadic case has hypothyroidism and imperforate anus, which was observed previously in one patient. The broadened phenotype and the possibility of involvement of p63 and IRF6 genes in this condition are discussed.

Management of eyelid anomalies associated with Blepharo-cheilo-dontic syndrome

PURPOSE

To describe the previously unreported management of the eyelid anomalies associated with blepharocheilo-dontic syndrome. Blepharo-cheilo-dontic syndrome is a syndrome of congenital cleft lip/palate, oligodontia, euryblepharon, eyelid ectropion, and lagophthalmos.

METHODS

Case report. A 3-month-old male presented with bilateral upper and lower eyelid ectropion with eyelid retraction, marked euryblepharon, severe lagophthalmos, and a right side cleft lip/palate. Lateral tarsal strips, lower eyelid retractor disinsertion, myocutaneous advancement of the cheek and eyelids, and lateral tarsorrhaphy were performed.

RESULTS

Correction of the ectropion, eyelid retraction, euryblepharon, and marked improvement in his lagophthalmos were achieved postoperatively. No recurrence of the ectropion or euryblepharon has been noted after 6 months of follow-up.

CONCLUSION

Appropriate reconstructive surgery of the eyelids reduces the morbidity associated with the eyelid anomalies and provides an excellent cosmetic result for patients with blepharo-cheilo-dontic syndrome.