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Wilkerson MD, Hupalo D, Gray JC, Zhang X, Wang J, Girgenti MJ, Alba C, Sukumar G, Lott NM, Naifeh JA, Aliaga P, Kessler RC, Turner C, Pollard HB, Dalgard CL, Ursano RJ, Stein MB. Uncommon Protein-Coding Variants Associated With Suicide Attempt in a Diverse Sample of U.S. Army Soldiers. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 96:15-25. [PMID: 38141912 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a societal and public health concern of global scale. Identifying genetic risk factors for suicide attempt can characterize underlying biology and enable early interventions to prevent deaths. Recent studies have described common genetic variants for suicide-related behaviors. Here, we advance this search for genetic risk by analyzing the association between suicide attempt and uncommon variation exome-wide in a large, ancestrally diverse sample. METHODS We sequenced whole genomes of 13,584 soldiers from the Army STARRS (Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers), including 979 individuals with a history of suicide attempt. Uncommon, nonsilent protein-coding variants were analyzed exome-wide for association with suicide attempt using gene-collapsed and single-variant analyses. RESULTS We identified 19 genes with variants enriched in individuals with history of suicide attempt, either through gene-collapsed or single-variant analysis (Bonferroni padjusted < .05). These genes were CIB2, MLF1, HERC1, YWHAE, RCN2, VWA5B1, ATAD3A, NACA, EP400, ZNF585A, LYST, RC3H2, PSD3, STARD9, SGMS1, ACTR6, RGS7BP, DIRAS2, and KRTAP10-1. Most genes had variants across multiple genomic ancestry groups. Seventeen of these genes were expressed in healthy brain tissue, with 9 genes expressed at the highest levels in the brain versus other tissues. Brains from individuals deceased from suicide aberrantly expressed RGS7BP (padjusted = .035) in addition to nominally significant genes including YWHAE and ACTR6, all of which have reported associations with other mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS These results advance the molecular characterization of suicide attempt behavior and support the utility of whole-genome sequencing for complementing the findings of genome-wide association studies in suicide research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Wilkerson
- Center for Military Precision Health, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel Hupalo
- Center for Military Precision Health, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua C Gray
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xijun Zhang
- Center for Military Precision Health, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Matthew J Girgenti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Camille Alba
- Center for Military Precision Health, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gauthaman Sukumar
- Center for Military Precision Health, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nathaniel M Lott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James A Naifeh
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pablo Aliaga
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clesson Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Harvey B Pollard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Center for Military Precision Health, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert J Ursano
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.
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Yang Y, Song R, Gao Y, Yu H, Wang S. Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential of JAB1 in neurological development and disorders. Mol Med 2023; 29:80. [PMID: 37365502 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00675-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Jun activation domain binding protein-1 (JAB1) is a multifunctional regulator that plays vital roles in diverse cellular processes. It regulates AP-1 transcriptional activity and also acts as the fifth component of the COP9 signalosome complex. While JAB1 is considered an oncoprotein that triggers tumor development, recent studies have shown that it also functions in neurological development and disorders. In this review, we summarize the general features of the JAB1 gene and protein, and present recent updates on the regulation of JAB1 expression. Moreover, we also highlight the functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of JAB1 in neurodevelopmental processes such as neuronal differentiation, synaptic morphogenesis, myelination, and hair cell development and in the pathogenesis of some neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, neuropathic pain, and peripheral nerve injury. Furthermore, current challenges and prospects are discussed, including updates on drug development targeting JAB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Jining, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Ruying Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Jining, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Jining, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Jining, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road No. 45, Jining, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
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Zhu Z, Hong Y, Zhang F, An L, Yang Q, Huang X, Xu Q. Knockdown of COPS3 inhibits the progress of prostate cancer through reducing phosphorylated p38 MAPK expression and impairs the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Prostate 2019; 79:1823-1831. [PMID: 31509289 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amplification of gene COPS3 is closely related to the development of osteosarcoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the effects of COPS3 on prostate cancer (PCa) are poorly understood. METHODS In this study, the protein expression of COPS3 in PCa tissues, adjacent normal tissues, and bone metastasis tissues of PCa was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion assay were performed in 22rv1 and PC-3 cells after knocking down COPS3 by small interfering RNAs. Furthermore, we performed western blot analysis to explore the potential mechanisms underlying it. RESULTS This study found that the overall survival of the COPS3 high-expression group was significantly shorter than the low-expression group. This study discovered that the protein expression of COPS3 in PCa tissues was higher than that in the matched nontumor prostate tissues. In addition, tissues from bone metastasis of PCa had a high percentage of overexpressing COPS3. After knockdown of the COPS3 gene in 22rv1 and PC3 cells, two classic human PCa cell lines which had a high level of COPS3, the abilities of migration, invasion, and proliferation were inhibited. Finally, protein levels of phosphorylated P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and N-cadherin were significantly decreased after knocking down the expression of COPS3, and the protein levels of E-cadherin were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, COPS3 may be closely related to the progress of PCa. Knockdown of COPS3 inhibited the progress of PCa through reducing the levels of phosphorylated P38 MAPK and impaired the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Zhu
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Applied Lithotripsy Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Applied Lithotripsy Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fengshi Zhang
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Applied Lithotripsy Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhe An
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Applied Lithotripsy Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qingya Yang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Applied Lithotripsy Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qingquan Xu
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Applied Lithotripsy Institute, Beijing, China
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Zarich N, Anta B, Fernández-Medarde A, Ballester A, de Lucas MP, Cámara AB, Anta B, Oliva JL, Rojas-Cabañeros JM, Santos E. The CSN3 subunit of the COP9 signalosome interacts with the HD region of Sos1 regulating stability of this GEF protein. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:2. [PMID: 30631038 PMCID: PMC6328564 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sos1 is an universal, widely expressed Ras guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (RasGEF) in eukaryotic cells. Its N-terminal HD motif is known to be involved in allosteric regulation of Sos1 GEF activity through intramolecular interaction with the neighboring PH domain. Here, we searched for other cellular proteins also able to interact productively with the Sos1 HD domain. Using a yeast two-hybrid system, we identified the interaction between the Sos1 HD region and CSN3, the third component of the COP9 signalosome, a conserved, multi-subunit protein complex that functions in the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway to control degradation of many cellular proteins. The interaction of CSN3 with the HD of Sos1 was confirmed in vitro by GST pull-down assays using truncated mutants and reproduced in vivo by co-immunoprecipitation with the endogenous, full-length cellular Sos1 protein. In vitro kinase assays showed that PKD, a COP9 signalosome-associated-kinase, is able to phosphorylate Sos1. The intracellular levels of Sos1 protein were clearly diminished following CSN3 or PKD knockdown. A sizable fraction of the endogenous Sos1 protein was found ubiquitinated in different mammalian cell types. A significant reduction of RasGTP formation upon growth factor stimulation was also observed in CSN3-silenced as compared with control cells. Our data suggest that the interaction of Sos1 with the COP9 signalosome and PKD plays a significant role in maintenance of cellular Sos1 protein stability and homeostasis under physiological conditions and raises the possibility of considering the CSN/PKD complex as a potential target for design of novel therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Zarich
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC) and CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Anta
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (CSIC-USAL) and CIBERONC, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Medarde
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (CSIC-USAL) and CIBERONC, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alicia Ballester
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC) and CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar de Lucas
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC) and CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Cámara
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC) and CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Anta
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC) and CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luís Oliva
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC) and CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José M Rojas-Cabañeros
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC) and CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eugenio Santos
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (CSIC-USAL) and CIBERONC, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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Dubiel D, Rockel B, Naumann M, Dubiel W. Diversity of COP9 signalosome structures and functional consequences. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2507-13. [PMID: 26096786 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a regulator of the ubiquitin (Ub) proteasome system (UPS). It interacts with hundreds of cullin-RING ubiquitin E3 ligases (CRLs) and regulates their activity by removing the Ub-like protein Nedd8 from cullins. In mammalian cells 7 different cullins exist which form CRLs with adaptor proteins and with a large number of substrate recognition subunits such as F-box and BTB proteins. This large variety of CRL-complexes is deneddylated by the CSN. The capacity of the CSN to interact with numerous types of CRL complexes can be explained by its structural diversity, which allows different CSN variants to interact with different binding partners and substrates and enables different subunit expression profiles. Diversity of CSN complexes presumably occurs by: (1) flexibility of CSN holo complex structure; (2) formation of CSN mini complexes and free CSN subunits and (3) generation of CSN variants via integration of CSN subunit isoforms. In this review we will discuss the structural diversity of the CSN complex and possible functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawadschargal Dubiel
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Beate Rockel
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dubiel
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Division of Molecular Biology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Gummlich L, Rabien A, Jung K, Dubiel W. Deregulation of the COP9 signalosome–cullin-RING ubiquitin-ligase pathway: Mechanisms and roles in urological cancers. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1327-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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Lacaria M, Gu W, Lupski JR. Circadian abnormalities in mouse models of Smith-Magenis syndrome: evidence for involvement of RAI1. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:1561-8. [PMID: 23703963 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS; OMIM 182290) is a genomic disorder characterized by multiple congenital anomalies, intellectual disability, behavioral abnormalities, and disordered sleep resulting from an ~3.7 Mb deletion copy number variant (CNV) on chromosome 17p11.2 or from point mutations in the gene RAI1. The reciprocal duplication of this region results in another genomic disorder, Potocki-Lupski syndrome (PTLS; OMIM 610883), characterized by autism, intellectual disability, and congenital anomalies. We previously used chromosome-engineering and gene targeting to generate mouse models for PTLS (Dp(11)17/+), and SMS due to either deletion CNV or gene knock-out (Df(11)17-2/+ and Rai1(+/-) , respectively) and we observed phenotypes in these mouse models consistent with their associated human syndromes. To investigate the contribution of individual genes to the circadian phenotypes observed in SMS, we now report the analysis of free-running period lengths in Rai1(+/-) and Df(11)17-2/+ mice, as well as in mice deficient for another known circadian gene mapping within the commonly deleted/duplicated region, Dexras1, and we compare these results to those previously observed in Dp(11)17/+ mice. Reduced free-running period lengths were seen in Df(11)17-2/+, Rai1(+/-) , and Dexras1(-/-) , but not Dexras1(+/-) mice, suggesting that Rai1 may be the primary gene underlying the circadian defects in SMS. However, we cannot rule out the possibility that cis effects between multiple haploinsufficient genes in the SMS critical interval (e.g., RAI1 and DEXRAS1) either exacerbate the circadian phenotypes observed in SMS patients with deletions or increase their penetrance in certain environments. This study also confirms a previous report of abnormal circadian function in Dexras1(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Lacaria
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Cajigas IJ, Will T, Schuman EM. Protein homeostasis and synaptic plasticity. EMBO J 2010; 29:2746-52. [PMID: 20717144 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2010.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is clear that de novo protein synthesis has an important function in synaptic transmission and plasticity. A substantial amount of work has shown that mRNA translation in the hippocampus is spatially controlled and that dendritic protein synthesis is required for different forms of long-term synaptic plasticity. More recently, several studies have highlighted a function for protein degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome system in synaptic plasticity. These observations suggest that changes in synaptic transmission involve extensive regulation of the synaptic proteome. Here, we review experimental data supporting the idea that protein homeostasis is a regulatory motif for synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván J Cajigas
- Department of Synaptic Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Boudreau EA, Johnson KP, Jackman AR, Blancato J, Huizing M, Bendavid C, Jones M, Chandrasekharappa SC, Lewy AJ, Smith ACM, Magenis RE. Review of disrupted sleep patterns in Smith-Magenis syndrome and normal melatonin secretion in a patient with an atypical interstitial 17p11.2 deletion. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:1382-91. [PMID: 19530184 PMCID: PMC2760428 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a disorder characterized by multiple congenital anomalies and behavior problems, including abnormal sleep patterns. It is most commonly due to a 3.5 Mb interstitial deletion of chromosome 17 band p11.2. Secretion of melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland, is the body's signal for nighttime darkness. Published reports of 24-hr melatonin secretion patterns in two independent SMS cohorts (US and France) document an inverted endogenous melatonin pattern in virtually all cases (96%), suggesting that this finding is pathognomic for the syndrome. We report on a woman with SMS due to an atypical large proximal deletion ( approximately 6Mb; cen<->TNFRSFproteinB) of chromosome band (17)(p11.2p11.2) who presents with typical sleep disturbances but a normal pattern of melatonin secretion. We further describe a melatonin light suppression test in this patient. This is the second reported patient with a normal endogenous melatonin rhythm in SMS associated with an atypical large deletion. These two patients are significant because they suggest that the sleep disturbances in SMS cannot be solely attributed to the abnormal diurnal melatonin secretion versus the normal nocturnal pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilis A Boudreau
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97207, USA
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Hunter C, Evans J, Valencik ML. Subunit 3 of the COP9 signalosome is poised to facilitate communication between the extracellular matrix and the nucleus through the muscle-specific beta1D integrin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:247-60. [PMID: 18979294 DOI: 10.1080/15419060802198660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Yeast two-hybrid analysis (Fields and Song, 1989, Nature, 340:245-246) was used to screen a human heart library to isolate proteins interacting with the adult muscle-specific beta1D integrin but not with beta1A integrin. In addition to previously identified interactions (RACK 1(Liliental and Chang, 1998, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 273:2379-2383) and alpha-actinin (Otey et al., 1990, Journal of Cell Biology, 111:721-729), the authors isolated several novel candidates. These include subunit 3 (CSN3/Sgn3) of the COP9 signalosome complex, cyclins D1, D2, and D3, RanBPM, and a recently identified protein COG8/DOR1. These protein interactions were specific for beta1D integrin, as no binding to beta1A integrin cytoplasmic domain was measurable by two-hybrid analysis. This paper presents the initial characterization of the interaction of CSN3 with beta1D integrin, the localization of CSN3 and the other COP9 signalosome subunits in embryonic and adult cardiac myocytes and their response to muscle cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Hunter
- University of Utah, Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Degradation of the Neurospora circadian clock protein FREQUENCY through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Biochem Soc Trans 2005. [DOI: 10.1042/bst0330953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the Neurospora circadian clock protein FREQUENCY (FRQ) promotes its degradation through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Ubiquitination of FRQ requires FWD-1 (F-box/WD-40 repeat-containing protein-1), which is the substrate-recruiting subunit of an SCF (SKP/Cullin/F-box)-type ubiquitin ligase. In the fwd-1 mutant strains, FRQ degradation is defective, resulting in the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated FRQ and the loss of the circadian rhythmicities. The CSN (COP9 signalosome) promotes the function of SCF complexes in vivo. But in vitro, deneddylation of cullins by CSN inhibits SCF activity. In Neurospora, the disruption of the csn-2 subunit impairs FRQ degradation and compromises the normal circadian functions. These defects are due to the dramatically reduced levels of FWD-1 in the csn-2 mutant, a result of its rapid degradation. Other components of the SCFFWD−1 complex, SKP-1 and CUL-1 are also unstable in the mutant. These results establish important roles for SCFFWD−1 and CSN in the circadian clock of Neurospora and suggest that they are conserved components of the eukaryotic circadian clocks. In addition, these findings resolve the CSN paradox and suggest that the major function of CSN is to maintain the stability of SCF ubiquitin ligases in vivo.
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He Q, Cheng P, He Q, Liu Y. The COP9 signalosome regulates the Neurospora circadian clock by controlling the stability of the SCFFWD-1 complex. Genes Dev 2005; 19:1518-31. [PMID: 15961524 PMCID: PMC1172059 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1322205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The COP9 signalosome (CSN) promotes the function of SCF-type cullin-based ubiquitin ligase complexes in vivo. Paradoxically, removal of the Nedd8 modification of cullins by CSN inhibits the ubiquitin ligase activity of SCF complexes in vitro. Ubiquitination-mediated degradation of the Neurospora circadian clock protein FREQUENCY (FRQ) is critical for clock function. Ubiquitination of FRQ requires FWD-1, the substrate-recruiting subunit of an SCF complex. Here we show that disruption of a subunit of CSN (csn-2) impairs the degradation of FRQ and compromises its normal circadian expression. A FRQ-independent oscillator drives conidiation in the csn-2 mutant, resulting in a 2-d conidiation rhythm that persists in constant darkness (DD), constant light (LL), light-to-dark (LD) transitions, and temperature cycles. Strikingly, the levels of FWD-1 are drastically reduced in csn-2 mutant, explaining the impaired degradation of FRQ. Reduction of FWD-1 levels in the mutant requires its F-box, suggesting that its degradation is due to autoubiquitination. In addition, SKP-1 and CUL-1 of the SCF(FWD-1) complex are also unstable in the mutant. Therefore, our results establish an important role of CSN in the circadian clock of Neurospora. Our findings also reconcile the CSN paradox and suggest that a major function of CSN is to maintain the stability of SCF ubiquitin ligases in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun He
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Yan J, Walz K, Nakamura H, Carattini-Rivera S, Zhao Q, Vogel H, Wei N, Justice MJ, Bradley A, Lupski JR. COP9 signalosome subunit 3 is essential for maintenance of cell proliferation in the mouse embryonic epiblast. Mol Cell Biol 2003; 23:6798-808. [PMID: 12972600 PMCID: PMC193933 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.23.19.6798-6808.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Csn3 (Cops3) maps to the mouse chromosome 11 region syntenic to the common deletion interval for the Smith-Magenis syndrome, a contiguous gene deletion syndrome. It encodes the third subunit of an eight-subunit protein complex, the COP9 signalosome (CSN), which controls a wide variety of molecules of different functions. Mutants of this complex caused lethality at early development of both plants and Drosophila melanogaster. CSN function in vivo in mammals is unknown. We disrupted the murine Csn3 gene in three independent ways with insertional vectors, including constructing a approximately 3-Mb inversion chromosome. The heterozygous mice appeared normal, although the protein level was reduced. Csn3(-/-) embryos arrested after 5.5 days postcoitum (dpc) and resorbed by 8.5 dpc. Mutant embryos form an abnormal egg cylinder which does not gastrulate. They have reduced numbers of epiblast cells, mainly due to increased cell death. In the Csn3(-/-) mice, subunit 8 of the COP9 complex was not detected by immunohistochemical techniques, suggesting that the absence of Csn3 may disrupt the entire COP9 complex. Therefore, Csn3 is important for maintaining the integrity of the COP9 signalosome and is crucial to maintain the survival of epiblast cells and thus the development of the postimplantation embryo in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Yan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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14
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Henriksen J, Aagesen TH, Maelandsmo GM, Lothe RA, Myklebost O, Forus A. Amplification and overexpression of COPS3 in osteosarcomas potentially target TP53 for proteasome-mediated degradation. Oncogene 2003; 22:5358-61. [PMID: 12917637 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In sarcomas, the TP53 tumour suppressor pathway may be altered either by TP53 mutations or by amplification of MDM2, encoding a protein that inhibits TP53 and targets it for 26S-proteasome degradation. However, in the majority of the analysed clinical samples, neither of these types of aberrations are found, suggesting that additional mechanisms are involved. The present study shows that COPS3, located in 17p11 and encoding a component of the proteasome pathway, is more frequently amplified in osteosarcomas (OS) than is MDM2. We present detailed analysis of TP53 mutations and MDM2 and COPS3 expression levels in a set of 23 OS. Our results show that none of the tumours with COPS3 amplification had MDM2 amplification nor TP53 mutations, consistent with the hypothesis that one of the three aberrations is sufficient. The results suggest that inactivation of otherwise intact TP53 by aberrations in the proteasome pathway may contribute to the characteristic aneuploidy observed in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn Henriksen
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
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15
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Tomoda K, Kubota Y, Arata Y, Mori S, Maeda M, Tanaka T, Yoshida M, Yoneda-Kato N, Kato JY. The cytoplasmic shuttling and subsequent degradation of p27Kip1 mediated by Jab1/CSN5 and the COP9 signalosome complex. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:2302-10. [PMID: 11704659 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104431200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The fifth component of the COP9 signalosome complex, Jab1/CSN5, directly binds to and induces specific down-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 (p27(Kip1)). Nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation plays an important role because leptomycin B (LMB), a chemical inhibitor of CRM1-dependent nuclear export, prevents p27 degradation mediated by Jab1/CSN5. Here we show that Jab1/CSN5 functions as an adaptor between p27 and CRM1 to induce nuclear export and subsequent degradation. Jab1/CSN5, but not p27, contains a typical leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) sequence conserved among different species, through which CRM1 bound to Jab1/CSN5 in an LMB-sensitive manner. Alteration of conserved leucine residues to alanine within Jab1/CSN5-NES abolished the interaction with CRM1 in vitro and impaired LMB-sensitive nuclear export and the ability to induce p27 breakdown in cultured cells. A Jab1/CSN5 truncation mutant lacking NES reversed p27 down-regulation induced by the full-length Jab1/CSN5, indicating that this mutant functions as a dominant negative (DN-Jab1). Introduction of DN-Jab1 into proliferating fibroblasts increased the level of p27 protein, thereby inducing growth arrest of the cells. Random mutagenesis analysis revealed that specific aspartic acid, leucine, and asparagine residues contained in the Jab1/CSN5-binding domain of p27 were required for interaction with Jab1/CSN5 and for down-regulation of p27. Glycerol gradient and cell fractionation experiments showed that at least two different forms of Jab1/CSN5-containing complexes existed within the cell. One is the conventional 450-kDa COP9 signalosome (CSN) complex located in the nucleus, and the other is much smaller (around 100-kDa), containing only a subset of CSN components (CSN4-8 but not CSN1-3), and mainly located in the cytoplasm. Treatment of cells with LMB greatly reduced the level of the smaller complex, suggesting that it originated from the CSN complex by nuclear export. Besides Jab1/CSN5, CSN3, -6, -7, and -8 were capable of inducing p27 down-regulation, when ectopically expressed. These results indicate that cytoplasmic shuttling regulated by Jab1/CSN5 and other CSN components may be a new pathway to control the intracellular abundance of the key cell cycle regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiichiro Tomoda
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
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16
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Lucas RE, Vlangos CN, Das P, Patel PI, Elsea SH. Genomic organisation of the approximately 1.5 Mb Smith-Magenis syndrome critical interval: transcription map, genomic contig, and candidate gene analysis. Eur J Hum Genet 2001; 9:892-902. [PMID: 11840190 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2001] [Revised: 09/27/2001] [Accepted: 09/28/2001] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation syndrome associated with an interstitial deletion of chromosome 17 involving band p11.2. SMS is hypothesised to be a contiguous gene syndrome in which the phenotype arises from the haploinsufficiency of multiple, functionally-unrelated genes in close physical proximity, although the true molecular basis of SMS is not yet known. In this study, we have generated the first overlapping and contiguous transcription map of the SMS critical interval, linking the proximal 17p11.2 region near the SMS-REPM and the distal region near D17S740 in a minimum tiling path of 16 BACs and two PACs. Additional clones provide greater coverage throughout the critical region. Not including the repetitive sequences that flank the critical interval, the map is comprised of 13 known genes, 14 ESTs, and six genomic markers, and is a synthesis of Southern hybridisation and polymerase chain reaction data from gene and marker localisation to BACs and PACs and database sequence analysis from the human genome project high-throughput draft sequence. In order to identify possible candidate genes, we performed sequence analysis and determined the tissue expression pattern analysis of 10 novel ESTs that are deleted in all SMS patients. We also present a detailed review of six promising candidate genes that map to the SMS critical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Lucas
- Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, MI 48824, USA
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17
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Fuchs B, Zhang K, Schabel A, Bolander ME, Sarkar G. Identification of twenty-two candidate markers for human osteogenic sarcoma. Gene 2001; 278:245-52. [PMID: 11707342 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Since osteogenic sarcoma (OGS) predominantly affects children, its etiology and progression may be determined more by genetic than environmental factors. A few genes have been associated with OGS, however, their value in the diagnosis and/or prognosis of the disease remains poor. Evidently, more markers need to be identified for improving management of patients with OGS. To identify potential genetic markers for OGS, we have extended preferential amplification of coding sequences (PACS) to screen multiple samples simultaneously. The extended method is termed multi-PACS. Multi-PACS was applied between a normal osteoblast and four OGS-derived cell lines to identify differentially expressed coding sequence tags (dCST) that identified 145 dCSTs. Subsequently, differential mRNA expression was validated for a chosen subset of 22 dCSTs. These chosen dCSTs include among others cyclins D and E, two cyclin dependent kinases, two other kinases, transcription factors E2F4, E2F5, and p130, a DNA repair gene, a gene for the signalosome subunit, and potential guanine nucleotide binding factors. We infer that these genes could be so easily identified because PACS preferentially identifies coding instead of non-coding sequences. We also infer that these genes identify signaling pathways pertinent to OGS. mRNA expression profile of these 22 genes/dCSTs generated distinct expression signature of the OGS-derived cell lines suggesting that further work on clinical samples with these dCSTs will yield valuable information for OGS. We conclude that these 22 genes/dCSTs are candidate markers for OGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fuchs
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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18
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De Leersnyder H, De Blois MC, Claustrat B, Romana S, Albrecht U, Von Kleist-Retzow JC, Delobel B, Viot G, Lyonnet S, Vekemans M, Munnich A. Inversion of the circadian rhythm of melatonin in the Smith-Magenis syndrome. J Pediatr 2001; 139:111-6. [PMID: 11445803 DOI: 10.1067/mpd.2001.115018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the circadian rhythm of melatonin in the Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS), which causes behavioral problems and sleep disturbance. STUDY DESIGN Questionnaires, sleep consultations, and sleep diaries were obtained in 20 children with SMS (9 girls, 11 boys aged 4 to 17 years). Actigraphy, electroencephalography, and the circadian variations of plasma melatonin, cortisol, and growth hormone were recorded in 8 patients. Early sleep onset, early sleep offset, and sleep attack indicated sleep disturbance. RESULTS All children with SMS had a phase shift of their circadian rhythm of melatonin. Time at onset of melatonin secretion was 6 AM +/- 2 (control group: 9 P.M. +/- 2). Peak time was 12 PM +/- 1 (control group: 3:30 AM +/- 1:30), and melatonin offset was at 8 PM +/- 1 (control group: 6 AM +/- 1). Behavioral problems correlated with the inverted circadian rhythm of melatonin. CONCLUSION Considering that clock genes mediate the generation of circadian rhythms, we suggest that haploinsufficiency for a circadian system gene mapping to chromosome 17p11.2 may cause the inversion of the circadian rhythm of melatonin in SMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H De Leersnyder
- Department of Genetics and Unité INSERM 393, Hôpital des Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
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Karniol B, Chamovitz DA. The COP9 signalosome: from light signaling to general developmental regulation and back. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2000; 3:387-393. [PMID: 11019806 DOI: 10.1016/s1369-5266(00)00101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The COP9 signalosome has eight core subunits that are highly conserved between plants and animals. Some of the subunits in Arabidopsis are found in forms that are independent of the complex. The COP9 complex is essential for animal development. The COP9 signalosome may have both an evolutionary and a physical relationship with both the regulatory lid of the proteasome and eIF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Karniol
- Department of Plant Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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20
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Kapelari B, Bech-Otschir D, Hegerl R, Schade R, Dumdey R, Dubiel W. Electron microscopy and subunit-subunit interaction studies reveal a first architecture of COP9 signalosome. J Mol Biol 2000; 300:1169-78. [PMID: 10903862 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.3912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The COP9 signalosome is involved in signal transduction, whereas the 26 S proteasome lid is a regulatory subcomplex of the 26 S proteasome responsible for degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. COP9 signalosome and lid possess significant sequence homologies among their eight core subunits and are likely derived from a common ancestor. Surprisingly, from our two-dimensional electron microscopy data, a common architectural plan for the two complexes could not be deduced. None-the-less, the two particles have structural features in common. Both COP9 signalosome and lid lack any symmetry in subunit arrangement and exhibit a central groove, possibly qualified for scaffolding functions.Filter-binding assays with recombinant COP9 signalosome components revealed a multitude of subunit-subunit interactions, supporting the asymmetrical appearance of the complex in electron microscopy. On the basis of two-dimensional images and subunit interaction studies, a first architectural model of COP9 signalosome was created. The fact that four distinct classes of particle views were identified and that only 50 % of the selected particles could be classified indicates a high degree of heterogeneity in electron microscopic images. Different orientations with respect to the viewing axis and conformational variety, presumably due to different grades of phosphorylation, are possible reasons for the heterogeneous appearance of the complex. Our biochemical data show that recombinant COP9 signalosome subunits 2 and 7 are phosphorylated by the associated kinase activity. The modification of COP9 signalosome subunit 2 might be essential for c-Jun phosphorylation. Dephosphorylation does not inactivate the associated kinase activity. Although substrate phosphorylation by COP9 signalosome is significantly decreased by lambda protein phosphatase treatment, "autophosphorylation" is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kapelari
- Department of Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, 82152, Germany
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