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Mays S, Stark S, Zakrzewski S, Vekony A. Which types of bony changes in the maxillary sinus indicate chronic sinusitis? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2024; 46:16-23. [PMID: 38865933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine which types of bone lesion (spicules, lobules, porous bone) in the maxillary sinus indicate sinusitis METHODS: Subadjacent dental disease is a cause of maxillary sinusitis; if a lesion type indicates sinusitis it should be more common above diseased posterior maxillary teeth than a lesion type that is not indicative of sinusitis. The study sample is a British Mediaeval human skeletal collection. RESULTS Porous bone lesions (chiefly new bone deposits) in maxillary sinuses are associated with subadjacent dental disease; spicules/lobules of bone in the sinus are not. CONCLUSIONS The results support the idea that porous lesions indicate sinusitis but the spicules/lobules may not. Spicules, lobules and porous lesions within the maxillary sinus should be analysed separately in biocultural studies; it would be prudent to regard only the porous lesions as indicative of sinusitis. SIGNIFICANCE Maxillary sinusitis is commonly used as a health indicator in palaeopathology, and spicular deposits are generally the most common type of alterations. By assuming that they are indicative of sinusitis we may have been greatly overestimating the prevalence of bony sinusitis in the past. LIMITATIONS These conclusions are provisional. Further work on larger, more diverse samples, together with more detailed anatomical studies on lesion location and structure is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mays
- Investigative Science, Historic England, UK; Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, UK; School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, UK.
| | - S Stark
- Investigative Science, Historic England, UK; Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, UK
| | - S Zakrzewski
- Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, UK
| | - A Vekony
- Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, UK
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Casna M, Schrader SA. Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis: A comparison of osteological and CT methods of diagnosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2024; 45:30-34. [PMID: 38643685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the differences between endoscopic and radiological methods of analysis for diagnosing chronic maxillary sinusitis (CMS) in archaeological skeletal remains. MATERIALS 32 crania from a Dutch post-medieval rural population. METHODS We assessed the presence of bone changes indicative of CMS (i.e., bone growth and bone resorption) both endoscopically and through computed tomography (CT), and then compared results. RESULTS We observed moderate agreement between bone growth scores obtained through endoscopy and CT, and fair agreement when assessing bone resorption. CONCLUSIONS CMS prevalence rates observed through CT may be comparable to rates assessed endoscopically, although caution is needed when making direct comparisons. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study comparing data obtained through endoscopy and radiological methods in the study of CMS, informing paleopathologists about potential biases in data comparison. LIMITATIONS Our small sample size likely impacted results. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Further research is advised to fully explore the comparability of endoscopic and radiological method of analysis in the study of sinusitis. DATA AVAILABILITY The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available upon request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Casna
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, Leiden 2333 CC, the Netherlands.
| | - Sarah A Schrader
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, Leiden 2333 CC, the Netherlands
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Lee MJ, Siek TJ, Hirst CS. Chronic maxillary sinusitis in palaeopathology: A review of methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2024; 44:51-64. [PMID: 38147742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study reviews the palaeopathological literature discussing maxillary sinusitis to examine current trends and issues within the study of this condition, and to make recommendations for future research in this area. MATERIALS Seventy-five studies were identified through a literature search of digital and physical sources. METHODS Information regarding study metadata, the populations investigated, sinusitis diagnostic criteria, and sinusitis prevalence was examined. RESULTS Populations from the UK and Europe were the most studied, reflecting both palaeopathology's systemic colonialism and academic legacies. Most studies used diagnostic criteria published in the mid-1990s, with some subsequent studies modifying these criteria. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic criteria from 1995 are widely used but do not include all possible bone changes seen within sinusitis. There is also a need for researchers to engage in issues of data reductionism when using descriptive categories for archaeological sites and populations. SIGNIFICANCE This paper provides considerations as to how the 1995 diagnostic criteria may be revised by future researchers and synthesises much of the published sinusitis prevalence data to assist researchers interested in the palaeopathology of respiratory disease. LIMITATIONS More general osteological research, which includes palaeopathological information, was likely missed from this review due to the choice of key terms and languages used in the literature search. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Additional research into sinusitis in archaeological populations outside of Western Europe is required. Further work examining the ability to compare pathological data from macroscopic observation and medical imaging would be advantageous to palaeopathology as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew James Lee
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom.
| | - Thomas J Siek
- Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Casna M, Schats R, Hoogland MLP, Schrader SA. A distant city: Assessing the impact of Dutch socioeconomic developments on urban and rural health using respiratory disease as a proxy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2023; 42:34-45. [PMID: 37542760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of respiratory disease in several populations from the Netherlands across different time periods and socioeconomic conditions. MATERIALS We analyzed 695 adult individuals from six different Dutch contexts of urban and rural settlements dating to different time periods (i.e., early-medieval, late-medieval, post-medieval). METHODS For each individual, the presence/absence of chronic maxillary sinusitis, otitis media, and inflammatory periosteal reaction on ribs was recorded macroscopically according to accepted methods. RESULTS Statistically significant associations were found in the presence of sinusitis diachronically (early-medieval to late-medieval period, and early-medieval to post-medieval period) both in rural and urban environments. Differences in prevalence rates of otitis media were found statistically significant when comparing rural to urban environments in the early-medieval and late-medieval periods. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that factors such as increased contact between towns and countryside, higher population densities, and intensification of agricultural production impacted the respiratory health of past populations both in rural and urban settings. SIGNIFICANCE Our study provides new insights into the impact of environmental changes and urbanization on respiratory disease prevalence, shedding light on the relationship between health and changing social and environmental contexts. LIMITATIONS Research limitations included the complex etiology of respiratory diseases, and the impact of uncontrollable factors such as hidden heterogeneity, selective mortality, and rural-to-urban migration. FUTURE RESEARCH Further research in different contexts is advised in order to continue exploring urbanization and its impact on human health across both time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Casna
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Rachel Schats
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Menno L P Hoogland
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah A Schrader
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
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Radini A, Nikita E. Beyond dirty teeth: Integrating dental calculus studies with osteoarchaeological parameters. QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR QUATERNARY RESEARCH 2023; 653-654:3-18. [PMID: 37089908 PMCID: PMC10109118 DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The study of ancient human dental calculus (mineralized dental plaque, also known as tartar) is becoming increasingly important in osteoarchaeology, human palaeoecology and environmental archaeology. Microremains of different origin (e.g. starch granules, pollen, phytoliths, feather barbules) as well as biomolecules and chemical compounds retrieved from its mineral matrix may represent an important link between past humans and their physical, biological and social environment, but they are rarely fully linked to the evidence from skeletal remains. This paper critically reviews the lines of evidence retrieved from dental calculus in relation to osteoarchaeological parameters, employing macroscopic, microscopic and biomolecular approaches, assessing synergy potential and limitations. The scope of this paper is also to contribute to the building of a much needed theoretical framework in this emerging subfield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Radini
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, The University of York, Wentworth Way, York, UK
- York JEOL Nanocentre, The University of York, Science Park, York, UK
- Corresponding author. BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, The University of York, Wentworth Way, York, UK.
| | - Efthymia Nikita
- Science and Technology in Archaeology and Culture Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 2121, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Riccomi G, Casaccia J, Minozzi S, Felici C, Campana S, Giuffra V. Maxillary sinusitis as a respiratory health indicator: a bioarchaeological investigation into medieval central Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2021; 35:40-48. [PMID: 34555588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess chronic maxillary sinusitis in an osteoarchaeological sample from the medieval rural site of Pieve di Pava (central Italy), to investigate triggers responsible for sinus inflammation, and to compare prevalence rates with coeval European rural sites. MATERIALS The analysis focused on 145 10th-12th-century adults with at least one preserved maxillary sinus. METHODS Sinusitis-related lesions were observed macroscopically and microscopically. Alveolar pathologies of the maxillary posterior dentition were recorded to investigate the impact of odontogenic sinusitis. RESULTS Maxillary sinusitis was observed in 23.4% of the individuals (n = 34), with similar frequencies in both sexes and bilateral sinusitis appearing more frequently than unilateral sinusitis. An association of alveolar lesions with sinusitis was found in 38.2% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Compared to coeval rural sites in Northern Europe, Pieve di Pava shows the lowest prevalence of maxillary sinusitis, likely reflecting a greater amount of time spent outdoors. Despite the small size of the sample, odontogenic sinusitis cannot be ruled out. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first Italian study to investigate maxillary sinusitis and to focus on the Mediterranean area, contributing to the understanding of this condition as a health indicator in ancient populations. LIMITATIONS Research limitations include preservation issues affecting the number of observable sinuses, the non-homogenous age distribution of the sample, and the impact of inclusion and methodological criteria on the comparability of results. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Further investigations into odontogenic sinusitis and the microscopic examination of dental calculus may provide new data on the pathogenesis of sinusitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Riccomi
- Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Jessica Casaccia
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Roma, Italy.
| | - Simona Minozzi
- Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Cristina Felici
- Department of History and Cultural Heritage, Via Roma 56, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Stefano Campana
- Department of History and Cultural Heritage, Via Roma 56, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Valentina Giuffra
- Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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Davies-Barrett AM, Roberts CA, Antoine D. Time to be nosy: Evaluating the impact of environmental and sociocultural changes on maxillary sinusitis in the Middle Nile Valley (Neolithic to Medieval periods). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2021; 34:182-196. [PMID: 34303286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of maxillary sinusitis in people who lived in the Middle Nile Valley across different periods, cultures, and environmental conditions. MATERIALS 481 skeletons from 13 sites, curated at the British Museum, London, were analysed. The sites ranged in date from the Neolithic to Medieval periods (c. 4900 BCE-CE 1500). METHODS Bony changes within the maxillary sinuses, associated with sinusitis and oroantral fistulae were systematically recorded according to pre-established criteria. RESULTS There were significant differences in the prevalence of maxillary sinusitis between time period/subsistence economy groups. The Neolithic hunter-gatherer/early agricultural group had the lowest prevalence, whilst the urban group demonstrated the highest frequency of the disease. CONCLUSIONS Factors involved in the development of maxillary sinusitis are manifold and complex. However, the results indicate that increased aridity in Sudan in later periods and intensification of agricultural practices may have played a role in increasing prevalence of the disease. Urban environments, including crowding, poor sanitation, and industrial air pollution, could also have influenced susceptibility to maxillary sinusitis. SIGNIFICANCE Prior to this paper, the impact of arid environments on respiratory health in the past had received little attention despite growing clinical research on the topic. Both arid and urban environments are predicted to expand in the future. This paper provides a deep-time perspective on an issue of increasing concern today. LIMITATIONS Poor preservation of skeletons and a lack of archaeological settlement data for some sites. FUTURE RESEARCH Investigation of a greater range of populations from different environments/climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Davies-Barrett
- School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, John Percival Building, Colum Drive, Cardiff, CF10 3EU, UK; Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Dawson Building, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK; Department of Egypt and Sudan, The British Museum, Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London, WC1B 3DG, UK.
| | - Charlotte A Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Dawson Building, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Daniel Antoine
- Department of Egypt and Sudan, The British Museum, Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London, WC1B 3DG, UK
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Davies-Barrett AM, Owens LS, Eeckhout PA. Paleopathology of the Ychsma: Evidence of respiratory disease during the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000-1476) at the Central Coastal site of Pachacamac, Peru. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2021; 34:63-75. [PMID: 34153817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate evidence for maxillary sinusitis and pulmonary inflammation in archaeological skeletons dating to the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000-1476) at the site of Pachacamac, Peru. MATERIALS Thirty-nine individuals (male, female, and unknown sex; 16+ years age-at-death) were analyzed for inflammatory periosteal reaction (IPR) on the visceral (inner) surfaces of the ribs, and 16 individuals were analyzed for evidence of maxillary sinusitis. METHODS All individuals were macroscopically examined for bony changes in the maxillary sinuses and new bone formation on the ribs according to pre-established criteria. RESULTS Some 33.3% (13/39) of individuals had IPR on the ribs and 93.8% (15/16) had bony changes in the maxillary sinuses. CONCLUSIONS Respiratory disease was likely prevalent in people buried at Pachacamac during the Late Intermediate Period. A number of factors may have increased the risk of developing respiratory disease, including exposure to poor air quality and increased crowding and social mixing, resulting from pilgrimage to this important ritual center. SIGNIFICANCE This paper represents one of the first systematic analyses of evidence for respiratory disease in Peruvian and South American human skeletal remains, demonstrating the suitability of the region for further study. LIMITATIONS A limited sample was available for analysis. Additionally, the site's skeletal preservation was excellent, meaning the sample available for assessment of maxillary sinusitis was smaller, being limited to individuals with post-mortem breakage. FURTHER RESEARCH The results of this study should stimulate further much needed systematic investigation of evidence for respiratory disease in other Peruvian and South American populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Davies-Barrett
- School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, John Percival Building, Colum Drive, Cardiff, CF10 3EU, United Kingdom.
| | - Lawrence S Owens
- University of Winchester. Sparkford Road, Winchester, SO22 4NR, United Kingdom; University of South Africa, Preller Street, Muckleneuk, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Peter A Eeckhout
- Faculté de Philosophie et Sciences Sociales CP133/01, Université libre de Bruxelles, Av. F. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Respiratory Stress at the Periphery of Industrial-Era London: Insight from Parishes Within and Outside the City. BIOARCHAEOLOGY AND SOCIAL THEORY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-53417-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Urban-Rural Differences in Respiratory Tract Infections in Medieval and Early Modern Polish Subadult Samples. BIOARCHAEOLOGY AND SOCIAL THEORY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-53417-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Quade L, Binder M. Life on a Napoleonic battlefield: A bioarchaeological analysis of soldiers from the Battle of Aspern, Austria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2018; 22:23-38. [PMID: 29627582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
On the 21st-22nd of May 1809, French and Austrian soldiers engaged in battle near the village of Aspern on the outskirts of Vienna. This battle, the first defeat of Napoleon's army on land, was one of the largest and deadliest encounters during the Napoleonic Wars (1798-1815). Salvage excavations between 2009 and 2016 have revealed several battlefield burial sites in Aspern. The remains of 30 individuals were evaluated for a series of pathological conditions which develop during childhood and adulthood to elucidate the impact of Napoleonic military conditions on health. Statistical comparisons were conducted of stature estimates and frequencies of pathological conditions between the Aspern soldiers, several contemporaneous military, and two civilian samples of differing socioeconomic status. These data were compared to test the hypothesis that military conscripts had 'healthy' childhoods, but then experienced deteriorating health as a result of military conditions. The analysis revealed comparatively high mean stature, but also a high prevalence of enamel hypoplastic defects, indicating that the childhood health of the military recruits was more varied than was initially expected. High frequencies of carious lesions, dental calculus, active maxillary sinusitis and pleuritis and osteoarthritis were recorded, demonstrating the deleterious effects of military life on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Quade
- Austrian Archaeological Institute/Austrian Academy of Sciences, Franz Klein-Gasse 1, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Durham University, Department of Archaeology, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
| | - Michaela Binder
- Austrian Archaeological Institute/Austrian Academy of Sciences, Franz Klein-Gasse 1, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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Judd MA, Walker JL, Ventresca Miller A, Razhev D, Epimakhov AV, Hanks BK. Life in the fast lane: Settled pastoralism in the Central Eurasian Steppe during the Middle Bronze Age. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23129. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Judd
- Department of Anthropology; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Jessica L. Walker
- Department of Anthropology; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Alicia Ventresca Miller
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Human Development in Landscapes, Institute for Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, Archaeological Stable Isotope Laboratory; Kiel, 24118 Germany
- Department of Archaeology; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History; Jena, 07745 Germany
| | - Dmitry Razhev
- Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Institute of the Problems of Northern Development; Tyumen Russia
| | - Andrey V. Epimakhov
- Institute of History and Archaeology (Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences); South Ural State University; Chelyabinsk, 454080 Russia
| | - Bryan K. Hanks
- Department of Anthropology; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260
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Krenz-Niedbała M. Growth and health status of children and adolescents in medieval Central Europe. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/anre-2017-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Subadult growth and health have been analyzed in three cemetery samples from medieval Poland, including two early-urban sites: Cedynia dated to the 10t-14th centuries AD, and Ostrów Lednicki dated to the 13th-15th centuries AD, and a rural site Słaboszewo dated to the 14th-17th centuries AD. The nutritional status was not expected to have substantially differed among the settlements, due to the culturally induced undiversified diet of children, and predominant share of medium-to-low status individuals. However, city life and village life were supposed to differ in factors correlated with the spread of infections, and as such it was expected to find significant differences in respiratory health among early-urban and rural dwellers.The prevalences of diet-dependent diseases, scurvy and rickets, were found to be statistically indistinguishable among the three studied populations, while higher frequency of skeletal signs of poor respiratory health was observed in early-urban Cedynia than rural Słaboszewo. Slightly lower prevalences of skeletal stress indicators were found for the rural than the early-urban site. Skeletal growth profiles and the dynamics of long bone growth were found to be remarkably similar for the early-urban samples (Cedynia and Ostrów Lednicki), with the rural subadults having the shortest diaphyseal lengths, and lower growth dynamics.It can be concluded that adverse factors associated with the urban settlement were more detrimental to respiratory health than those in the village. A variety of factors are potentially responsible for this pattern, including population density, building structure, quality of air and water, sanitation, and occupation. Perhaps, the key factor in response to environmental and socio-cultural constraints was the stability of living conditions in the village, which allowed the inhabitants to develop sufficient adaptive mechanisms. In contrast, the history of strongholds such as Cedynia was changeable due to political situation, military threats and migrations of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Krenz-Niedbała
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland
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Kendall R, Kendall EJ, Macleod I, Gowland R, Beaumont J. An unusual exostotic lesion of the maxillary sinus from Roman Lincoln. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2015; 11:45-50. [PMID: 28802966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This report provides a differential diagnosis of an exostotic bony lesion within the left maxillary sinus of a Romano-British (3rd to 4th century AD) adult male from Newport, Lincoln. Macroscopic, radiographic, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) analyses suggest that the lesion is likely of odontogenic origin. The overall size of the lesion and areas of sclerosis and radiolucency, together with its hypothesised odontogenic origin, suggest that the lesion represents a chronic exostotic osteomyelitic reaction to the presence of odontogenic bacteria. While modern case studies of odontogenic maxillary sinus osteomyelitis are noteworthy, published cases of this condition are extremely rare in an archaeological context and may be underreported due to the enclosed nature of the sinuses. Such infections may have serious implications for individual and population health, and non-destructive investigation should be considered in cases where significant maxillary caries are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Kendall
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Ellen J Kendall
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Iain Macleod
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4BW, UK
| | - Rebecca Gowland
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Julia Beaumont
- Archaeological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK
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Sinusitis in People Living in the Medieval Ages. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 788:133-8. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6627-3_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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16
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Mays S. Nasal septal deviation in a mediaeval population. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 148:319-26. [PMID: 22565652 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In modern populations, there is evidence that nasal septal deviation (NSD) may be associated with maxillary sinusitis, and that those with NSD may differ in craniofacial morphology from those without or with less severe NSD. Whether these associations hold true for earlier populations has yet to be investigated. The current work is a step toward remedying this. The study group comes from a mediaeval English archaeological site. NSD was quantified using image analysis. Maxillary sinusitis was identified from new bone formation in the antrum. Cranial morphology was assessed using standard craniometric measurements. The results provided no evidence for a relationship between NSD and maxillary sinus disease. NSD was associated with reduced measures of upper facial height, suggesting decoupling of growth in vertical height of the nasal septum and the bony structures surrounding it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mays
- Archaeological Science, English Heritage Centre for Archaeology, Fort Cumberland, Eastney, Portsmouth, UK.
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Wilbur AK, Farnbach AW, Knudson KJ, Buikstra JE. Diet, tuberculosis, and the paleopathological record. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2009; 49:963-77; discussion 977-91. [PMID: 19391442 DOI: 10.1086/592434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Osseous manifestation of infectious disease is of paramount importance to paleopathologists seeking to interpret ancient health, but the relationships among infectious agent exposure, development of disease, and skeletal involvement are complex. The outcome of an exposure strongly depends on multiple factors, including ecology, diet, nutrition, immune function, and the genetics of pathogen and host. Mycobacterial diseases are often studied in ancient remains but also are especially influenced by these factors; individual and population differences in severity and course are apparent following onset of active disease. The osteological record for these diseases represents the complex interplay of host and pathogen characteristics influencing within- and among-individual skeletal lesion prevalence and distribution. However, many of these characteristics may be assessed independently through the archaeological record. Here, we explore the contributions of dietary protein and iron to immune function, particularly the course and outcome of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We emphasize how nutrition may influence the dissemination of bacilli to the skeleton and subsequent formation of diagnostic lesions. We then generate models and hypotheses informed by this interplay and apply them to four prehistoric New World areas. Finally, discrepancies between our expectations and the observed record are explored as a basis for new hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Wilbur
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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Roberts CA. A bioarcheological study of maxillary sinusitis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2007; 133:792-807. [PMID: 17427926 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Maxillary sinusitis was studied as an indicator of poor air quality. Seven skeletal samples were examined from North America, England, and Nubia, and selected to represent different geographic locations, environments, and subsistence economies. Frequency rates varied from 17.2 to 51.5% of individuals affected with one or both sinuses preserved. Hardin Village had the highest frequency (51.5%), followed by the Aleuts (42.9%), "Illinois" (38.6%), Indian Knoll (38.5%), Kulubnarti (21.8%), Christchurch, Spitalfields (18.0%), and "South Dakota" (17.2%). Male frequencies ranged from 16.7 to 36.7%, but the female frequency ranged more widely from 18.0 to 76.5%. At most sites female rates exceeded male. The effect of urban and rural environment on sinusitis occurrence, and also subsistence economy, biological sex, and social status were explored, and comparative sites also considered; urban agricultural sites had a mean frequency of 48.5%, rural agricultural sites had a mean frequency of 45.0%, and hunter-gatherer sites had a mean frequency of 40.0%. In the urban sites male and female frequencies were near equal, but in the rural agricultural and hunter-gatherer sites female frequencies exceeded male frequencies. Dental disease was not found to have much impact on sinusitis frequency. The importance of the link between poor air quality and respiratory health is highlighted in clinical studies in both developed and developing countries, but also in bioarcheological studies.
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Bennike P, Lewis ME, Schutkowski H, Valentin F. Comparison of child morbidity in two contrasting medieval cemeteries from Denmark. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2005; 128:734-46. [PMID: 16044468 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study compares associations between demographic profiles, long bone lengths, bone mineral content, and frequencies of stress indicators in the preadult populations of two medieval skeletal assemblages from Denmark. One is from a leprosarium, and thus probably represents a disadvantaged group (Naestved). The other comes from a normal, and in comparison rather privileged, medieval community (AEbelholt). Previous studies of the adult population indicated differences between the two skeletal collections with regard to mortality, dental size, and metabolic and specific infectious disease. The two samples were analyzed against the view known as the "osteological paradox" (Wood et al. [1992] Curr. Anthropol. 33:343-370), according to which skeletons displaying pathological modification are likely to represent the healthier individuals of a population, whereas those without lesions would have died without acquiring modifications as a result of a depressed immune response. Results reveal that older age groups among the preadults from Naestved are shorter and have less bone mineral content than their peers from AEbelholt. On average, the Naestved children have a higher prevalence of stress indicators, and in some cases display skeletal signs of leprosy. This is likely a result of the combination of compromised health and social disadvantage, thus supporting a more traditional interpretation. The study provides insights into the health of children from two different biocultural settings of medieval Danish society and illustrates the importance of comparing samples of single age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bennike
- Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Lewis ME. Impact of industrialization: comparative study of child health in four sites from medieval and postmedieval England (A.D. 850-1859). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2002; 119:211-23. [PMID: 12365033 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.10126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality profiles of 831 non-adult skeletons from four contrasting sites in medieval and postmedieval England were compared to assess whether urbanization and later industrialization, had a detrimental effect on the health of the inhabitants. Failure in the population's ability to adapt to these environments should be evident in the higher rates of mortality, retarded growth, higher levels of stress, and a greater prevalence of metabolic and infectious disease in the urban groups. Non-adult skeletons were examined from Raunds Furnells in Northamptonshire, from St. Helen-on-the-Walls and Wharram Percy in Yorkshire, and from Christ Church Spitalfields in London. Results showed that a greater number of older children were being buried at the later medieval sites and that the skeletal growth profiles of the medieval urban and rural children did not differ significantly. A comparison of the growth profiles of St. Helen-on-the-Walls (urban) and Spitalfields (industrial) showed that the Spitalfields children were up to 3 cm shorter than their later medieval counterparts. At Spitalfields, cribra orbitalia and enamel hypoplasias occurred during the first 6 months of life, and 54% of the non-adults had evidence of metabolic disease. It is argued that differences in the morbidity and mortality of non-adults from urban and rural environments did exist in the past, but that it was industrialization that had the greatest impact on child health. Environmental conditions, urban employment, socioeconomic status, and changes in weaning ages and infant feeding practices contributed to differences in health in rural, urban, and industrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Lewis
- School of Conservation Sciences, Bournemouth University, Dorset House, Poole BH12 5BB, UK.
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