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Zhao M, Ma J, Zhang L, Qi H. Engineering strategies for enhanced heterologous protein production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:32. [PMID: 38247006 PMCID: PMC10801990 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial proteins are promising substitutes for animal- and plant-based proteins. S. cerevisiae, a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) microorganism, has been frequently employed to generate heterologous proteins. However, constructing a universal yeast chassis for efficient protein production is still a challenge due to the varying properties of different proteins. With progress in synthetic biology, a multitude of molecular biology tools and metabolic engineering strategies have been employed to alleviate these issues. This review first analyses the advantages of protein production by S. cerevisiae. The most recent advances in improving heterologous protein yield are summarized and discussed in terms of protein hyperexpression systems, protein secretion engineering, glycosylation pathway engineering and systems metabolic engineering. Furthermore, the prospects for efficient and sustainable heterologous protein production by S. cerevisiae are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Zhao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jianfan Ma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Haishan Qi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Luo G, Geng Z, Kuerban B, Xu Y, Yang J, Liu J, Li M. Enhancement of HSA-pFSHβ production by disrupting YPS1 and supplementing N-acetyl-L-cysteine in Pichia pastoris. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:998647. [PMID: 36620033 PMCID: PMC9810807 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.998647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pichia pastoris is widely used for the production of recombinant proteins, but the low production efficiency hinders its wide application in biopharmaceuticals. Moreover, many biopharmaceutical-like proteins are accompanied by degradation during secretory expression in P. pastoris. Objective In this study, we used human serum albumin and porcine follicle-stimulating hormone β (HSA-pFSHβ) fusion protein as a model protein to investigate whether YPS1 and YPT7 gene disruption and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) supplementation have synergistic effects to inhibit the degradation of recombinant proteins. Results and discussion Our results showed that YPS1 gene disruption reduced the degradation of intact HSA-pFSHβ and increased the yield of intact protein in the culture medium and cells without affecting the integrity of the cell wall. Moreover, the beneficial effects of YPS1 gene disruption were associated with the upregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway and maintenance of redox homeostasis. YPS1 gene disruption and NAC supplementation had synergistic effects on HSA-pFSHβ production. In addition, disruption of vacuolar morphology by YPT7 gene disruption or NH4Cl treatment affected the production of recombinant HSA-pFSHβ protein. Furthermore, YPT7 gene disruption inhibited the processing of signal peptide in high-level produced HSA-pFSHβ strain. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that YPS1 disruption could reduce the degradation of intact HSA-pFSHβ proteins, and synergistically increase the yield of intact HSA-pFSHβ with NAC supplementation. This study provided a valuable reference for reducing recombinant protein degradation and therefore improving the yield of recombinant proteins in P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zijian Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Buayisham Kuerban
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingqing Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Jiangsu Guiliu Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muwang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Guiliu Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Muwang Li,
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Lorrine OE, Raja Abd. Rahman RNZ, Tan JS, Raja Khairuddin RF, Salleh AB, Oslan SN. Determination of Putative Vacuolar Proteases, PEP4 and PRB1 in a Novel Yeast Expression Host Meyerozyma guilliermondii Strain SO Using Bioinformatics Tools. PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.47836/pjst.30.1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Meyerozyma guilliermondii strain SO, a newly isolated yeast species from spoilt orange, has been used as a host to express the recombinant proteins using methylotrophic yeast promoters. However, as a novel yeast expression system, the vacuolar proteases of this yeast have not been determined, which may have contributed to the low level of heterologous protein secretions. Thus, this study aimed to determine intra- and extracellular proteolytic activity and identify the putative vacuolar proteases using bioinformatics techniques. A clear zone was observed from the nutrient agar skimmed milk screening plate. Proteolytic activity of 117.30 U/ml and 75 U/ml were obtained after 72 h of cultivation for both extracellular and intracellular proteins, respectively. Next, the Hidden Markov model (HMM) was used to detect the presence of the vacuolar proteases (PEP4 and PRB1) from the strain SO proteome. Aspartyl protease (PEP4) with 97.55% identity to Meyerozyma sp. JA9 and a serine protease (PRB1) with 70.91% identity to Candida albicans were revealed. The homology with other yeast vacuolar proteases was confirmed via evolutionary analysis. PROSPER tool prediction of cleavage sites postulated that PEP4 and PRB1 might have caused proteolysis of heterologous proteins in strain SO. In conclusion, two putative vacuolar proteases (PEP4 and PRB1) were successfully identified in strain SO. Further characterization can be done to understand their specific properties, and their effects on heterologous protein expression can be conducted via genome editing.
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Gong GH, Han S, Huang XL, Xie LP, Zhang W, Xu L, Hu YJ. The Expression of Recombinant Human Serum Albumin in the Mammary Gland of Transgenic Mice. PHARMACEUTICAL FRONTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHuman serum albumin (HSA) is widely used in the clinic for the treatment of several diseases in large amount each year. With the increasing demands of HSA in clinic and limited blood resource, recombinant HSA (rHSA) is becoming an attractive and alternative source for HSA production. In this study, we aimed to express rHSA in the mammary glands of transgenic mice by using a tissue-specific promoter and other regulatory elements. An rHSA expression vector was constructed bearing the cDNA and first intron of HSA under the control of bovine αs1-casein promoter with a 2 × chicken β-globin insulator in the front. Transgenic mice were generated and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that rHSA was expressed only in the mammary gland, indicating the tissue specificity of the bovine αs1-casein promoter in directing transgene transcription in transgenic mice. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test showed that rHSA was successfully secreted into the milk of transgenic mice with the highest level at 1.98 ± 0.12 g/L. Our results indicate the ability of the bovine αs1-casein promoter to induce successful expression of rHSA in the mammary gland of transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Hua Gong
- Biopharmaceutical Department, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Han
- Biopharmaceutical Department, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Huang
- Biopharmaceutical Department, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Xie
- Biopharmaceutical Department, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biopharmaceutical Department, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Biopharmaceutical Department, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Jia Hu
- Biopharmaceutical Department, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Lee MH, Hsu TL, Lin JJ, Lin YJ, Kao YY, Chang JJ, Li WH. Constructing a human complex type N-linked glycosylation pathway in Kluyveromyces marxianus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233492. [PMID: 32469948 PMCID: PMC7259728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation can affect various protein properties such as stability, biological activity, and immunogenicity. To produce human therapeutic proteins, a host that can produce glycoproteins with correct glycan structures is required. Microbial expression systems offer economical, rapid and serum-free production and are more amenable to genetic manipulation. In this study, we developed a protocol for CRISPR/Cas9 multiple gene knockouts and knockins in Kluyveromyces marxianus, a probiotic yeast with a rapid growth rate. As hyper-mannosylation is a common problem in yeast, we first knocked out the α-1,3-mannosyltransferase (ALG3) and α-1,6-mannosyltransferase (OCH1) genes to reduce mannosylation. We also knocked out the subunit of the telomeric Ku domain (KU70) to increase the homologous recombination efficiency of K. marxianus. In addition, we knocked in the MdsI (α-1,2-mannosidase) gene to reduce mannosylation and the GnTI (β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I) and GnTII genes to produce human N-glycan structures. We finally obtained two strains that can produce low amounts of the core N-glycan Man3GlcNAc2 and the human complex N-glycan Man3GlcNAc4, where Man is mannose and GlcNAc is N-acetylglucosamine. This study lays a cornerstone of glycosylation engineering in K. marxianus toward producing human glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsuan Lee
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Ling Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Jy Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Kao
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Jen Chang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiung Li
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Improving heterologous expression of porcine follicle-stimulating hormone in Pichia pastoris by integrating molecular strategies and culture condition optimization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8867-8882. [PMID: 30136206 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Porcine follicle-stimulating hormone (pFSH), comprising α and β subunits, is commonly used to induce superovulation in domestic animals in assisted reproduction technologies; however, the practical application of pFSH is inhibited by the limited efficiency of its production. Recombinant yeast-derived FSH offers a practical alternative; however, the heterologous expression efficiency remains disappointingly low. To improve FSH production in Pichia pastoris, a series of molecular strategies, together with fermentation optimization, were tested in the present study. By comparing clones of the Muts phenotype strain, it was observed that the yield of soluble pFSH increased by approximately 96% in clones of the Mut+ phenotype strain. The protein levels of soluble pFSHβ, which confers biological specificity, increased by approximately 143 and 22% after two kinds of codon optimization strategies, respectively. Moreover, compared with the production of soluble pFSHβ and SUMO-pFSHβ, the production of soluble protein HSA-pFSHβ was significantly improved. Furthermore, the optimum pH and methanol concentration for expressing soluble HSA-pFSH in strain H3-3 were determined as 5.0-6.0 and 1.5-2% in shake-flask, and the yield of soluble HSA-pFSH could reach 40.8 mg/l after purification. In vitro bioactivity assays showed that recombinant HSA-pFSH could efficiently stimulate cAMP synthesis in HEK293 cells expressing porcine FSHR. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the application of phenotypic selection of aox1 mutants, combined with codon optimization, the choice of fusion partners, and fermentation optimization, considerably increased the yield of pFSH in supernatant of P. pastoris and thus provided a valuable reference for the large-scale recombinant expression of pFSH.
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Møller TSB, Hay J, Saxton MJ, Bunting K, Petersen EI, Kjærulff S, Finnis CJA. Human β-defensin-2 production from S. cerevisiae using the repressible MET17 promoter. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:11. [PMID: 28100236 PMCID: PMC5241953 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a proven host for the commercial production of recombinant biopharmaceutical proteins. For the manufacture of heterologous proteins with activities deleterious to the host it can be desirable to minimise production during the growth phase and induce production late in the exponential phase. Protein expression by regulated promoter systems offers the possibility of improving productivity in this way by separating the recombinant protein production phase from the yeast growth phase. Commonly used inducible promoters do not always offer convenient solutions for industrial scale biopharmaceutical production with engineered yeast systems. Results Here we show improved secretion of the antimicrobial protein, human β-defensin-2, (hBD2), using the S. cerevisiae MET17 promoter by repressing expression during the growth phase. In shake flask culture, a higher final concentration of human β-defensin-2 was obtained using the repressible MET17 promoter system than when using the strong constitutive promoter from proteinase B (PRB1) in a yeast strain developed for high-level commercial production of recombinant proteins. Furthermore, this was achieved in under half the time using the MET17 promoter compared to the PRB1 promoter. Cell density, plasmid copy-number, transcript level and protein concentration in the culture supernatant were used to study the effects of different initial methionine concentrations in the culture media for the production of human β-defensin-2 secreted from S. cerevisiae. Conclusions The repressible S. cerevisiae MET17 promoter was more efficient than a strong constitutive promoter for the production of human β-defensin-2 from S. cerevisiae in small-scale culture and offers advantages for the commercial production of this and other heterologous proteins which are deleterious to the host organism. Furthermore, the MET17 promoter activity can be modulated by methionine alone, which has a safety profile applicable to biopharmaceutical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea S B Møller
- Novozymes Biopharma UK Limited, Castle Court, 59 Castle Boulevard, Nottingham, NG7 1FD, UK.,Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, Aalborg University, Skjernvej 4A, Aalborg East, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Joanna Hay
- Novozymes Biopharma UK Limited, Castle Court, 59 Castle Boulevard, Nottingham, NG7 1FD, UK
| | - Malcolm J Saxton
- Novozymes Biopharma UK Limited, Castle Court, 59 Castle Boulevard, Nottingham, NG7 1FD, UK
| | - Karen Bunting
- Novozymes Biopharma UK Limited, Castle Court, 59 Castle Boulevard, Nottingham, NG7 1FD, UK
| | - Evamaria I Petersen
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, Aalborg University, Skjernvej 4A, Aalborg East, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren Kjærulff
- Novozymes Biopharma UK Limited, Castle Court, 59 Castle Boulevard, Nottingham, NG7 1FD, UK
| | - Christopher J A Finnis
- Novozymes Biopharma UK Limited, Castle Court, 59 Castle Boulevard, Nottingham, NG7 1FD, UK.
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Mallem M, Warburton S, Li F, Shandil I, Nylen A, Kim S, Jiang Y, Meehl M, d'Anjou M, Stadheim TA, Choi BK. Maximizing recombinant human serum albumin production in a MutsPichia pastorisstrain. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:1488-96. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fang Li
- GlycoFi, Biologics Discovery; Merck & Co., Inc. Lebanon NH
| | - Ishaan Shandil
- GlycoFi, Biologics Discovery; Merck & Co., Inc. Lebanon NH
| | - Adam Nylen
- GlycoFi, Biologics Discovery; Merck & Co., Inc. Lebanon NH
| | - Sehoon Kim
- GlycoFi, Biologics Discovery; Merck & Co., Inc. Lebanon NH
| | - Youwei Jiang
- GlycoFi, Biologics Discovery; Merck & Co., Inc. Lebanon NH
| | - Michael Meehl
- GlycoFi, Biologics Discovery; Merck & Co., Inc. Lebanon NH
| | - Marc d'Anjou
- GlycoFi, Biologics Discovery; Merck & Co., Inc. Lebanon NH
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Chen Z, He Y, Shi B, Yang D. Human serum albumin from recombinant DNA technology: Challenges and strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:5515-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Guan B, Chen F, Lei J, Li Y, Duan Z, Zhu R, Chen Y, Li H, Jin J. Constitutive Expression of a rhIL-2-HSA Fusion Protein in Pichia pastoris Using Glucose as Carbon Source. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:1792-804. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Sazonova EA, Zobnina AE, Padkina MV. Effect of disruption of Pichia pastoris YPS1 gene on viability and production of recombinant proteins. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795413040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sleep D, Cameron J, Evans LR. Albumin as a versatile platform for drug half-life extension. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:5526-34. [PMID: 23639804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein, is highly soluble, very stable and has an extraordinarily long circulatory half-life as a direct result of its size and interaction with the FcRn mediated recycling pathway. In contrast, many therapeutic molecules are smaller than the renal filtration threshold and are rapidly lost from the circulation thereby limiting their therapeutic potential. Albumin can be used in a variety of ways to increase the circulatory half-life of such molecules. SCOPE OF REVIEW This article will review the mechanisms which underpin albumin's extraordinarily long circulatory half-life and how the understanding of these processes are currently being employed to extend the circulatory half-life of drugs which can be engineered to bind to albumin, or are conjugated to, or genetically fused to, albumin. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The recent and growing understanding of the pivotal role of FcRn in maintaining the extended circulatory half-life of albumin will necessitate a greater and more thorough investigation of suitable pre-clinical model systems for assessing the pharmacokinetic profiles of drugs associated, conjugated or fused to albumin. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Association, conjugation or fusion of therapeutic drugs to albumin is a well-accepted and established half-life extension technology. The manipulation of the albumin-FcRn interaction will facilitate the modulation of the circulatory half-life of albumin-enabled drugs, leading to superior pharmacokinetics tailored to the disease state and increased patient compliance. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Serum Albumin.
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Wu M, Shen Q, Yang Y, Zhang S, Qu W, Chen J, Sun H, Chen S. Disruption of YPS1 and PEP4 genes reduces proteolytic degradation of secreted HSA/PTH in Pichia pastoris GS115. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 40:589-99. [PMID: 23529666 PMCID: PMC3656227 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) and human parathyroid hormone (1-34) [PTH (1-34)] fusion protein [HSA/PTH (1-34)] is a promising long-acting form of PTH (1-34) for osteoporosis treatment. Secretory expression of intact HSA/PTH (1-34) in Pichia pastoris GS115 was accompanied by two degradation fragments, with molecular weights around 66 kDa, in addition to the well-known ~45 kDa HSA-truncated fragment, resulting in a low yield of intact protein. In this study, two internal cleavage sites were identified in the PTH (1-34) portion of the fusion protein by Western Blot analysis. To minimize proteolytic cleavages, several protease genes including PEP4 (encoding proteinase A), PRB1 (proteinase B) and seven YPSs genes (yapsin family members) were knocked out respectively by disruption of the individual genes and the selective combinations. Reduced degradation was observed by single disruption of either PEP4 gene or YPS1 gene, and the lowest level of degradation was observed in a pep4△yps1△ double disruptant. After 72 h of induction, more than 80 % of the HSA/PTH (1-34) secreted by the pep4△yps1△ double disruptant remained intact, in comparison to only 30 % with the wild-type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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den Haan R, Kroukamp H, van Zyl JHD, van Zyl WH. Cellobiohydrolase secretion by yeast: Current state and prospects for improvement. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Guan B, Lei J, Su S, Chen F, Duan Z, Chen Y, Gong X, Li H, Jin J. Absence of Yps7p, a putative glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked aspartyl protease in Pichia pastoris, results in aberrant cell wall composition and increased osmotic stress resistance. FEMS Yeast Res 2012; 12:969-79. [PMID: 22943416 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, studies performed on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans have confirmed the importance of fungal glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored aspartyl proteases (yapsins) for cell-wall integrity. Genome sequence annotation of Pichia pastoris also revealed seven putative GPI-anchored aspartyl protease genes. The five yapsin genes assigned as YPS1, YPS2, YPS3, YPS7 and MKC7 in P. pastoris were disrupted. Among these putative GPI-linked aspartyl proteases, disruption of PpYPS7 gene confers the Ppyps7Δ mutant cell increased resistance to cell wall perturbing reagents congo red, calcofluor white (CW) and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Quantitative analysis of cell wall components shows lower content of chitin and increased amounts of β-1,3-glucan. Further staining of the cell with CW demonstrates that disruption of PpYPS7 gene causes a reduction of the chitin content in lateral cell wall. Consistently, transmission electron micrographs show that the inner layer of mutant cell wall, mainly composed of chitin and β-1, 3-glucan, is much thicker than that in parental strain GS115. Additionally, Ppyps7Δ mutant also exhibits increased osmotic resistance compared with parental strain GS115. This could be due to the dramatically elevated intracellular glycerol level in Ppyps7Δ mutant. These results suggest that PpYPS7 is involved in cell wall integrity and response to osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Guan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Ganatra MB, Vainauskas S, Hong JM, Taylor TE, Denson JPM, Esposito D, Read JD, Schmeisser H, Zoon KC, Hartley JL, Taron CH. A set of aspartyl protease-deficient strains for improved expression of heterologous proteins in Kluyveromyces lactis. FEMS Yeast Res 2010; 11:168-78. [PMID: 21166768 PMCID: PMC3041862 DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2010.00703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretion of recombinant proteins is a common strategy for heterologous protein expression using the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. However, a common problem is degradation of a target recombinant protein by secretory pathway aspartyl proteases. In this study, we identified five putative pfam00026 aspartyl proteases encoded by the K. lactis genome. A set of selectable marker-free protease deletion mutants was constructed in the prototrophic K. lactis GG799 industrial expression strain background using a PCR-based dominant marker recycling method based on the Aspergillus nidulans acetamidase gene (amdS). Each mutant was assessed for its secretion of protease activity, its health and growth characteristics, and its ability to efficiently produce heterologous proteins. In particular, despite having a longer lag phase and slower growth compared with the other mutants, a Δyps1 mutant demonstrated marked improvement in both the yield and the quality of Gaussia princeps luciferase and the human chimeric interferon Hy3, two proteins that experienced significant proteolysis when secreted from the wild-type parent strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul B Ganatra
- Division of Gene Expression, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA 01938-2723, USA
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Finnis CJA, Payne T, Hay J, Dodsworth N, Wilkinson D, Morton P, Saxton MJ, Tooth DJ, Evans RW, Goldenberg H, Scheiber-Mojdehkar B, Ternes N, Sleep D. High-level production of animal-free recombinant transferrin from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell Fact 2010; 9:87. [PMID: 21083917 PMCID: PMC3000842 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-9-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Animal-free recombinant proteins provide a safe and effective alternative to tissue or serum-derived products for both therapeutic and biomanufacturing applications. While recombinant insulin and albumin already exist to replace their human counterparts in cell culture media, until recently there has been no equivalent for serum transferrin. Results The first microbial system for the high-level secretion of a recombinant transferrin (rTf) has been developed from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains originally engineered for the commercial production of recombinant human albumin (Novozymes' Recombumin® USP-NF) and albumin fusion proteins (Novozymes' albufuse®). A full-length non-N-linked glycosylated rTf was secreted at levels around ten-fold higher than from commonly used laboratory strains. Modification of the yeast 2 μm-based expression vector to allow overexpression of the ER chaperone, protein disulphide isomerase, further increased the secretion of rTf approximately twelve-fold in high cell density fermentation. The rTf produced was functionally equivalent to plasma-derived transferrin. Conclusions A Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression system has enabled the cGMP manufacture of an animal-free rTf for industrial cell culture application without the risk of prion and viral contamination, and provides a high-quality platform for the development of transferrin-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J A Finnis
- Novozymes Biopharma UK Limited, Castle Court, 59 Castle Boulevard, Nottingham NG71FD, UK.
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18
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Cheperegin SE, Efremov BD, Kozlov DG. Precipitation of human serum albumin from yeast culture liquid at pH values below 5. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 72:205-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Evans L, Hughes M, Waters J, Cameron J, Dodsworth N, Tooth D, Greenfield A, Sleep D. The production, characterisation and enhanced pharmacokinetics of scFv-albumin fusions expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 73:113-24. [PMID: 20546898 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An expression system is described for the production of monomeric scFvs and scFv antibody fragments genetically fused to human albumin (at either the N- or C-terminus or both). Based upon strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae originally developed for the production of a recombinant human albumin (Recombumin) this system has delivered high levels of secreted product into the supernatant of shake flask and high cell density fed-batch fermentations. Specific binding to the corresponding ligand was demonstrated for each of the scFvs and scFv-albumin fusions and pharmacokinetic studies showed that the fusion products had greatly extended circulatory half-lives. The system described provides an attractive alternative to other microbial systems for the manufacture of this type of product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Evans
- Novozymes Biopharma UK Ltd., Castle Court, 59 Castle Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 1FD, United Kingdom.
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20
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Yao XQ, Zhao HL, Xue C, Zhang W, Xiong XH, Wang ZW, Li XY, Liu ZM. Degradation of HSA-AX15(R13K) when expressed in Pichia pastoris can be reduced via the disruption of YPS1 gene in this yeast. J Biotechnol 2009; 139:131-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 08/31/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Payne T, Finnis C, Evans LR, Mead DJ, Avery SV, Archer DB, Sleep D. Modulation of chaperone gene expression in mutagenized Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains developed for recombinant human albumin production results in increased production of multiple heterologous proteins. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:7759-66. [PMID: 18931293 PMCID: PMC2607181 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01178-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been successfully established as a commercially viable system for the production of recombinant proteins. Manipulation of chaperone gene expression has been utilized extensively to increase recombinant protein production from S. cerevisiae, focusing predominantly on the products of the protein disulfide isomerase gene PDI1 and the hsp70 gene KAR2. Here we show that the expression of the genes SIL1, LHS1, JEM1, and SCJ1, all of which are involved in regulating the ATPase cycle of Kar2p, is increased in a proprietary yeast strain, developed by several rounds of random mutagenesis and screening for increased production of recombinant human albumin (rHA). To establish whether this expression contributes to the enhanced-production phenotype, these genes were overexpressed both individually and in combination. The resultant strains showed significantly increased shake-flask production levels of rHA, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and recombinant human transferrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Payne
- Novozymes Biopharma UK Ltd., Castle Court, 59 Castle Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 1FD, United Kingdom.
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22
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Solow SP, Sengbusch J, Laird MW. Heterologous Protein Production from the Inducible MET25 Promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 21:617-20. [PMID: 15801808 DOI: 10.1021/bp049916q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heterologous protein production late in Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentations is often desirable because it may help avoid the unintentional selection of more rapidly growing, non-protein-expressing cells or allow for the expression of toxic proteins. Here, we describe the use of the MET25 promoter for the production of human serum albumin (HSA) and HSA-fusion proteins in S. cerevisiae. In media lacking methionine, the MET25 promoter yielded high expression levels of HSA and HSA fused to human glucagon, human growth hormone, human interferon alpha, and human interleukin-2. More importantly, we have shown that this system can be used to delay heterologous protein production until late log phase of the growth of the culture and does not require the addition of an exogenous inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Solow
- Human Genome Sciences, Inc., Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
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23
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Kobayashi K, Kuwae S, Ohya T, Ohda T, Ohyama M, Tomomitsu K. Addition of oleic acid increases expression of recombinant human serum albumin by the AOX2 promoter in Pichia pastoris. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 89:479-84. [PMID: 16232781 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(00)89100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/1999] [Accepted: 02/24/2000] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The addition of several kinds of fatty acid to the culture medium of a recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA)-producing yeast, Pichia pastoris, resulted in increased expression levels of the product. Among the fatty acids tested, a small amount of oleic acid (0.01% (w/v)) doubled the rHSA production level in a shake-flask culture when measured by the reversed passive hemagglutination assay method. To elucidate this phenomenon, studies were conducted using deletion mutants from the AOX2 promoter region. Deletion mutants, designed for a detailed evaluation of the methanol regulation elements (AOX2-UAS, AOX2-URS1, and AOX2-URS2) did not respond to the addition of oleic acid. However, a deletion mutant that was not lacking an upstream region from the AOX2 promoter showed a response to oleic acid. The results implied the presence of an oleic acid-responsive element between nucleotides (nt) -1529 and -803, and it may lie between nt -1411 and -1403 in the AOX2 promoter of P. pastoris. The response to oleic acid was shown to function even when the level of rHSA expression was increased by a mutation in the AOX2 promoter. Therefore addition of oleic acid to the medium is likely to play an important role, in cooperation with gene manipulation, in achieving high expression levels of rHSA for the purpose of commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kobayashi
- Bioscience Research, Drug Discovery Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., 2-25-1 Shodai-Ohtani, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1153, Japan
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24
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Stewart AJ, Blindauer CA, Berezenko S, Sleep D, Tooth D, Sadler PJ. Role of Tyr84 in controlling the reactivity of Cys34 of human albumin. FEBS J 2005; 272:353-62. [PMID: 15654874 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2004.04474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cys34 in domain I of the three-domain serum protein albumin is the binding site for a wide variety of biologically and clinically important small molecules, provides antioxidant activity, and constitutes the largest portion of free thiol in blood. Analysis of X-ray structures of albumin reveals that the loop containing Tyr84 occurs in multiple conformations. In structures where the loop is well defined, there appears to be an H-bond between the OH of Tyr84 and the sulfur of Cys34. We show that the reaction of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) with Tyr84Phe mutant albumin is approximately four times faster than with the wild-type protein between pH 6 and pH 8. In contrast, the His39Leu mutant reacts with DTNB more slowly than the wild-type protein at pH < 8, but at a similar rate at pH 8. Above pH 8 there is a dramatic increase in reactivity for the Tyr84Phe mutant. We also report (1)H NMR studies of disulfide interchange reactions with cysteine. The tethering of the two loops containing Tyr84 and Cys34 not only appears to control the redox potential and accessibility of Cys34, but also triggers the transmission of information about the state of Cys34 throughout domain I, and to the domainI/II interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Stewart
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ, UK
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25
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Bartkeviciūte D, Sasnauskas K. Disruption of the gene enhances protein secretion in and. FEMS Yeast Res 2004; 4:833-40. [PMID: 15450190 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2003] [Revised: 03/01/2004] [Accepted: 03/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening for genes affecting super-secreting phenotype of the over-secreting mutant of Kluyveromyces lactis resulted in isolation of the gene named KlMNN10, sharing high homology with Saccharomyces cerevisiae MNN10. The disruption of the KlMNN10 in Kluyveromyces lactis, as well as of MNN10 and MNN11 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, conferred the super-secreting phenotype. MNN10 isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae suppressed the super-secretion phenotype in Kluyveromyces lactis klmnn10, as did the homologous KlMNN10. The genes MNN10 and MNN11 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encode mannosyltransferases responsible for the majority of the alpha-1,6-polymerizing activity of the mannosyltransferase complex. These data agree with the view that the structure of glycoproteins in a yeast cell wall strongly influences the release of homologous and heterologous proteins in the medium. The set of genes namely the suppressors of the over-secreting phenotype, could be attractive for further analysis of gene functions, over-secreting mechanisms and for construction of new strains optimized for heterologous protein secretion. KlMNN10 has EMBL accession no. AJ575132.
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26
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Stewart AJ, Blindauer CA, Berezenko S, Sleep D, Sadler PJ. Interdomain zinc site on human albumin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:3701-6. [PMID: 12598656 PMCID: PMC152985 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0436576100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Albumin is the major transport protein in blood for Zn(2+), a metal ion required for physiological processes and recruited by various drugs and toxins. However, the Zn(2+)-binding site(s) on albumin is ill-defined. We have analyzed the 18 x-ray crystal structures of human albumin in the PDB and identified a potential five-coordinate Zn site at the interface of domains I and II consisting of N ligands from His-67 and His-247 and O ligands from Asn-99, Asp-249, and H(2)O, which are the same amino acid ligands as those in the zinc enzymes calcineurin, endonucleotidase, and purple acid phosphatase. The site is preformed in unliganded apo-albumin and highly conserved in mammalian albumins. We have used (111)Cd NMR as a probe for Zn(2+) binding to recombinant human albumin. We show that His-67 --> Ala (His67Ala) mutation strongly perturbs Cd(2+) binding, whereas the mutations Cys34Ala, or His39Leu and Tyr84Phe (residues which may H-bond to Cys-34) have no effect. Weak Cl(-) binding to the fifth coordination site of Cd(2+) was demonstrated. Cd(2+) binding was dramatically affected by high fatty acid loading of albumin. Analysis of the x-ray structures suggests that fatty acid binding to site 2 triggers a spring-lock mechanism, which disengages the upper (His-67Asn-99) and lower (His-247Asp-249) halves of the metal site. These findings provide a possible mechanism whereby fatty acids (and perhaps other small molecules) could influence the transport and delivery of zinc in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Stewart
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
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27
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Cawley NX, Chino M, Maldonado A, Rodriguez YM, Loh YP, Ellman JA. Synthesis and characterization of the first potent inhibitor of yapsin 1. Implications for the study of yapsin-like enzymes. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:5523-30. [PMID: 12468548 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m207230200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The potent peptidic inhibitor, Y1, of the basic residue-specific yeast aspartyl protease, yapsin 1, was synthesized and characterized. The inhibitor was based on the peptide sequence of a cholecystokinin(13-33) analog that yapsin 1 cleaved with an efficiency of 5.2 x 10(5) m(-1) s(-1) (Olsen, V., Guruprasad, K., Cawley, N. X., Chen, H. C., Blundell, T. L., and Loh, Y. P. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 2768-2777). The apparent K(i) of Y1 for the inhibition of yapsin 1 was determined to be 64.5 nm, and the mechanism is competitive. Y2 was also developed as an analog of Y1 for coupling to agarose beads. The resulting inhibitor-coupled agarose beads were successfully used to purify yapsin 1 to apparent homogeneity from conditioned medium of a yeast expression system. Utilization of this new reagent greatly facilitates the purification of yapsin 1 and should also enable the identification of new yapsin-like enzymes from mammalian and nonmammalian sources. In this regard, Y1 also efficiently inhibited Sap9p, a secreted aspartyl protease from the human pathogen, Candida albicans, which has specificity for basic residues similar to yapsin 1 and might provide the basis for the prevention or control of its virulence. A single-step purification of Sap9p from conditioned medium was also accomplished with the inhibitor column. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis yielded two sequences indicating that Sap9p is composed of two subunits, designated here as alpha and beta, similar to yapsin 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh X Cawley
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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28
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Bartkeviciute D, Sasnauskas K. Studies of yeast Kluyveromyces lactis mutations conferring super-secretion of recombinant proteins. Yeast 2003; 20:1-11. [PMID: 12489121 DOI: 10.1002/yea.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have isolated mutants responsible for a super-secretion phenotype in Kluyveromyces lactis using the gene coding for a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase as a marker for secretion. These mutations defined two groups, dominant and recessive. The recessive mutant strain, which secreted the heterologous protein in five-fold excess compared to the wild-type strain, was used for the cloning of genes, restraining the super-secreting phenotype. In screening for genes affecting super-secreting phenotype, we found that multiple copies of 10 different independently isolated DNA sequences suppressed the super-secreting phenotype. The first among the genes characterized, named KlSEL1 ('secretion lowering') showed homology to Saccharomyces cerevisiae ORF YML013w. The KlSEL1 gene is predicted to encode a polypeptide of 620 amino acid residues containing a putative transmembrane domain and UBX domain, characteristic for the ubiquitin-regulatory proteins. We demonstrated that the disruption of the SEL1 orthologues in K. lactis and S. cerevisiae conferred the super-secreting phenotype. SEL1 isolated from S. cerevisiae suppressed the super-secretion phenotype in K. lactis klsel1 strain, likewise homologous KlSEL1. No other phenotypic features for strains lacking the SEL1 gene were noticed except for the S. cerevisiae mutant growth being notably slower than in a wt strain. No growth changes were observed in the K. lactis klsel1 mutant. The set of genes (suppressors of over-secreting phenotype) could be attractive for further analysis of gene functions, super-secreting mechanisms and construction of new strains. This collection could be useful for the expedient construction of reduced yeast genomes, optimized for heterologous protein secretion.
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29
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Chuang VTG, Kragh-Hansen U, Otagiri M. Pharmaceutical strategies utilizing recombinant human serum albumin. Pharm Res 2002; 19:569-77. [PMID: 12069157 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015396825274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene manipulation techniques open up the possibility of making recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) or mutants with desirable therapeutic properties and for protein fusion products. rHSA can serve as a carrier in synthetic heme protein, thus reversibly carrying oxygen. Myristoylation of insulin results in a prolonged half-life because of self aggregation and increased albumin binding. Preferential albumin uptake by tumor cells serves as the basis for albumin-anticancer drug conjugate formulation. Furthermore, drug targeting can be achieved by incorporating drugs into albumin microspheres whereas liver targeting can be achieved by conjugating drug with galactosylated or mannosylated albumin. Microspheres and nanoparticles of different sizes can, with or without drugs and/or radioisotopes, be used for drug delivery or diagnostic purposes. In vivo implantation of albumin fusion protein expressing cells encapsulated in HSA-alginate coated beads showed promising results compared to organoids in rats. Chimeric peptide strategy with cationized albumin as the transport can deliver drugs via receptor mediated transcytosis through the blood brain barrier. Gene bearing, albumin microbubbles containing ultrasound contrast agents can non-invasively deliver gene after destruction by ultrasound. Various site-directed mutants of HSA can be tailor made depending on the application required.
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30
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Cox H, Mead D, Sudbery P, Eland RM, Mannazzu I, Evans L. Constitutive expression of recombinant proteins in the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha using the PMA1 promoter. Yeast 2000; 16:1191-203. [PMID: 10992283 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0061(20000930)16:13<1191::aid-yea589>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The methylotrophic yeast H. polymorpha is a popular system for the expression of recombinant proteins using the strong and regulatable methanol oxidase (MOX) promoter. Here we show that the constitutive PMA1 promoter can programme the expression of two heterologous proteins, glucose oxidase and human serum albumin. A constitutive promoter provides a useful additional facility to the H. polymorpha expression system because it allows a simplified fermentation regime, avoids the use of methanol, which is both toxic and an explosive hazard, and allows more flexibility for ectopic gene expression during the course of academic studies. A fragment previously isolated in a promoter screen, using glucose oxidase (GOD) as a reporter gene, was shown to consist of the promoter region and the first 659 bp of the H. polymorpha PMA1 gene, encoding the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase. When the PMA1 promoter was optimally aligned with the GOD coding region, it produced 185 mg/l glucose oxidase in high cell density fed batch fermentations, whereas in previous experiments using the MOX promoter, a yield of 500 mg/l was recovered. The PMA1 promoter was also used to express recombinant human serum albumin (rHA) in H. polymorpha. In high cell density fermentations the PMA1 promoter produced 460 mg/l rHA, whereas 280 mg/l rHA was obtained using the MOX promoter. Taken together, these experiments show that the HpPMA1 programmes the constitutive expression of recombinant proteins and provides a yield comparable to that from the MOX promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cox
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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31
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Yield improvement of heterologous peptides expressed in yps1-disrupted Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Enzyme Microb Technol 2000; 26:671-677. [PMID: 10862872 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(00)00158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Heterologous protein expression levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentations are highly dependent on the susceptibility to endogenous yeast proteases. Small peptides, such as glucagon and glucagon-like-peptides (GLP-1 and GLP-2), featuring an open structure are particularly accessible for proteolytic degradation during fermentation. Therefore, homogeneous products cannot be obtained. The most sensitive residues are found at basic amino acid residues in the peptide sequence. These heterologous peptides are degraded mainly by the YPS1-encoded aspartic protease, yapsin1, when produced in the yeast. In this article, distinct degradation products were analyzed by HPLC and mass spectrometry, and high yield of the heterologous peptide production has been achieved by the disruption of the YPS1 gene (previously called YAP3). By this technique, high yield continuous fermentation of glucagon in S. cerevisiae is now possible.
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32
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Kobayashi K, Kuwae S, Ohya T, Ohda T, Ohyama M, Ohi H, Tomomitsu K, Ohmura T. High-level expression of recombinant human serum albumin from the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris with minimal protease production and activation. J Biosci Bioeng 2000; 89:55-61. [PMID: 16232698 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(00)88050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/1999] [Accepted: 10/21/1999] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, is widely used as a host strain for the production of a variety of heterologous proteins. We used P. pastoris for the production of recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA). In several runs of fed-batch fermentation, rapid degradation of rHSA was observed, coinciding with a sudden increase of protease activity in the culture broth. Monitoring the changes in the concentration of the medium components during fermentation suggested that this phenomenon was caused by nitrogen starvation. Increased initial concentrations of ammonia and phosphoric acid in the medium prevented the protease production during fermentation. Using this improved medium, stable production of rHSA of around 1.4 g/l was achieved. Although protease activity in the culture broth of the improved medium was not detected by the casein plate method at the end of fermentation, potential protease activity remained and could be activated by decreasing the pH of the culture broth, a high degradation rate of 660 mg HSA/l/h was observed at pH 4.3, but degradation did not occur above pH 5.9.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kobayashi
- Bioscience Research, Drug Discovery Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., 2-25-1 Shodai-Ohtani, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1153, Japan
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