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Sevgili H, Kurtoğlu A, Oikawa M, Pak F, Aktaş Ö, Sivri FM, Eroldoğan OT. Dietary salt concentrations influence growth, nutrient utilization, and fatty acid profiles of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) reared in brackish water. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024:10.1007/s10695-024-01391-w. [PMID: 39126441 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Expansion of economically viable turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) aquaculture depends on access to brackish-cold ground water sources in various parts of the world. Since brackish water sources can adversely affect the physiology and zoo technical performance of fish due to the burden of osmoregulation, dietary salt inclusion can alleviate the negative impacts of low-saline waters in several aquaculture species. This study investigated the effects of increasing dietary salt levels on the growth, feed utilization, body composition, and tissue fatty acid composition of juvenile turbot (initial live weight 120.3 ± 0.03 g/fish). Fish were fed five experimental diets supplemented with varying levels of sodium chloride (1.8-6.4%) or a control diet without salt. Each diet was tested in triplicate tanks for 9 weeks. Results showed that increasing dietary salt intake negatively impacted turbot performance, with significant reductions in weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio. Dry matter and ash content in the whole body and filet increased quadratically with increasing salt levels, whereas gill moisture and protein content decreased linearly. Furthermore, the nitrogen, lipid, and energy utilization efficiencies decreased with their respective intake and gain levels. Dietary salt significantly influenced the fatty acid profiles of gill, liver, and filet tissues. In the gill, monounsaturated fatty acids (16:1n-7, ΣMUFA) and n-6 PUFA (20:2n-6) increased, whereas EPA and DHA decreased. Liver ΣSFA (16:0, 18:0) increased, and n-3 PUFA (18:3n-3, 20:5n-3) decreased with increasing dietary salt. Filet saturated fatty acids (14:0, 15:0, 17:0) and n-6 PUFA (20:2n-6, 20:4n-6) increased, while n-3 PUFA (18:3n-3, EPA) decreased with dietary salt. DHA levels in filets showed a quadratic increase. Overall, this study shows that increasing dietary salt negatively impacts turbot growth, feed utilization, and tissue fatty acid composition in brackish water, highlighting the need for further studies on salinity management strategies for turbot aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Sevgili
- Fisheries Application and Research Center & Department of Aquaculture, Eğirdir Fisheries Faculty, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Eastern Campus, 32260, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Adem Kurtoğlu
- Mediterranean Fisheries Research Production and Training Institute, Beymelek Unit, Demre, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Masahiro Oikawa
- Mediterranean Fisheries Research Production and Training Institute, Beymelek Unit, Demre, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Faruk Pak
- Mediterranean Fisheries Research Production and Training Institute, Beymelek Unit, Demre, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Özgür Aktaş
- Mediterranean Fisheries Research Production and Training Institute, Beymelek Unit, Demre, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Firdevs Mert Sivri
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, 32200, Turkey
| | - O Tufan Eroldoğan
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Çukurova University, 01330, Balcalı, Adana, Turkey
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Lee H, Kim D, Youn B. Targeting Oncogenic Rewiring of Lipid Metabolism for Glioblastoma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213818. [PMID: 36430293 PMCID: PMC9698497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor. Despite increasing research on GBM treatment, the overall survival rate has not significantly improved over the last two decades. Although recent studies have focused on aberrant metabolism in GBM, there have been few advances in clinical application. Thus, it is important to understand the systemic metabolism to eradicate GBM. Together with the Warburg effect, lipid metabolism has emerged as necessary for GBM progression. GBM cells utilize lipid metabolism to acquire energy, membrane components, and signaling molecules for proliferation, survival, and response to the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss fundamental cholesterol, fatty acid, and sphingolipid metabolism in the brain and the distinct metabolic alterations in GBM. In addition, we summarize various studies on the regulation of factors involved in lipid metabolism in GBM therapy. Focusing on the rewiring of lipid metabolism will be an alternative and effective therapeutic strategy for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haksoo Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Dahye Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2264
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Rodrigues E, Feijó-Oliveira M, Suda CNK, Vani GS, Donatti L, Rodrigues E, Lavrado HP. Metabolic responses of the Antarctic fishes Notothenia rossii and Notothenia coriiceps to sewage pollution. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:1205-20. [PMID: 26031510 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the sewage effects of the Brazilian Antarctic Station Comandante Ferraz, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, on the hepatic metabolism (energetic, antioxidant, and arginase levels) and levels of plasma constituents of two Antarctic fish species Notothenia rossii and N. coriiceps. The bioassays were conducted under controlled temperature (0 °C) and salinity (35 psu), exposing the fish for 96 h, to sewage effluent diluted in seawater to 0.5 % (v/v). Liver homogenates were tested for the specific activities of the enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), glycogen phosphorylase (GPase), hexokinase, citrate synthase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and arginase. Plasma levels of glucose, triacylglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, chloride, magnesium, calcium, and inorganic phosphate were also determined. In N. rossii, the decrease in citrate synthase and the increase in G6Pase and GPase suggested that the sewage effluent activated glycogenolysis and hepatic gluconeogenesis, whereas is N. coriiceps, only G6Pase levels were increased. In N. rossii, sewage effluent induced hypertriglyceridemia without modulating glucose plasma levels, in contrast to N. coriiceps, which developed hypoglycemia without elevating plasma triglyceride levels. The decrease in glutathione reductase levels in N. coriiceps and in superoxide dismutase and catalase in N. rossii suggest that these two species are susceptible to oxidative stress stemming from the production of reactive oxygen species. An increase in magnesium in N. rossii and a decrease in N. coriiceps showed that sewage effluent compromised the control of plasma levels of this cation. Although phylogenetically close, both species of Antarctic fish exhibited different metabolic responses to the sewage effluent, with N. coriiceps showing greater susceptibility to the toxic effects of the pollutants. The present study suggests that the biochemical responses of these two species are potential indicators of metabolic changes caused by sewage effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Rodrigues
- Institute of Basic Bioscience, University of Taubaté, Av. Tiradentes, 500 - Centro, Taubaté, 12.030-180, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Feijó-Oliveira
- Institute of Basic Bioscience, University of Taubaté, Av. Tiradentes, 500 - Centro, Taubaté, 12.030-180, SP, Brazil
| | - Cecília Nohome Kawagoe Suda
- Institute of Basic Bioscience, University of Taubaté, Av. Tiradentes, 500 - Centro, Taubaté, 12.030-180, SP, Brazil
| | - Gannabathula Sree Vani
- Institute of Basic Bioscience, University of Taubaté, Av. Tiradentes, 500 - Centro, Taubaté, 12.030-180, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Donatti
- Departamento of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico s/No, Curitiba, 81.530-130, PR, Brazil
| | - Edson Rodrigues
- Institute of Basic Bioscience, University of Taubaté, Av. Tiradentes, 500 - Centro, Taubaté, 12.030-180, SP, Brazil.
| | - Helena Passeri Lavrado
- Departamento of Marine Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 373 - CCS - Bloco A - sala 89, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
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Kopp R, Bauer I, Ramalingam A, Egg M, Schwerte T. Prolonged hypoxia increases survival even in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) showing cardiac arrhythmia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89099. [PMID: 24551224 PMCID: PMC3925185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolerance towards hypoxia is highly pronounced in zebrafish. In this study even beneficial effects of hypoxia, specifically enhanced survival of zebrafish larvae, could be demonstrated. This effect was actually more pronounced in breakdance mutants, which phenotypically show cardiac arrhythmia. Breakdance mutants (bre) are characterized by chronically reduced cardiac output. Despite an about 50% heart rate reduction, they become adults, but survival rate significantly drops to 40%. Normoxic bre animals demonstrate increased hypoxia inducible factor 1 a (Hif-1α) expression, which indicates an activated hypoxic signaling pathway. Consequently, cardiovascular acclimation, like cardiac hypertrophy and increased erythrocyte concentration, occurs. Thus, it was hypothesized, that under hypoxic conditions survival might be even more reduced. When bre mutants were exposed to hypoxic conditions, they surprisingly showed higher survival rates than under normoxic conditions and even reached wildtype values. In hypoxic wildtype zebrafish, survival yet exceeded normoxic control values. To specify physiological acclimation, cardiovascular and metabolic parameters were measured before hypoxia started (3 dpf), when the first differences in survival rate occurred (7 dpf) and when survival rate plateaued (15 dpf). Hypoxic animals expectedly demonstrated Hif-1α accumulation and consequently enhanced convective oxygen carrying capacity. Moreover, bre animals showed a significantly enhanced heart rate under hypoxic conditions, which reached normoxic wildtype values. This improvement in convective oxygen transport ensured a sufficient oxygen and nutrient supply and was also reflected in the significantly higher mitochondrial activity. The highly optimized energy metabolism observed in hypoxic zebrafish larvae might be decisive for periods of higher energy demand due to organ development, growth and increased activity. However, hypoxia increased survival only during a short period of development and starting hypoxia before or after this phase reduced survival, particularly in bre animals. Thus, the physiological plasticity, which enables zebrafish larvae to benefit from a hypoxia, occurs only within a narrow developmental window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Kopp
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Ines Bauer
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anil Ramalingam
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Margit Egg
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thorsten Schwerte
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Rodrigues E, Feijó-Oliveira M, Vani GS, Suda CNK, Carvalho CS, Donatti L, Lavrado HP, Rodrigues E. Interaction of warm acclimation, low salinity, and trophic fluoride on plasmatic constituents of the Antarctic fish Notothenia rossii Richardson, 1844. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:1591-1601. [PMID: 23748964 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive evolution of the Notothenia rossii occurred under the selective pressure of stable and low temperatures. It is an opportunistic feeder of Antarctic krill and the fluoride in the krill carapace is apparently not toxic. We investigated the interactive effect of fluoride, elevated temperatures, and low salinity on the plasmatic constituents of this Antarctic fish. The experiments were conducted at the Brazilian Antarctic Station Comandante Ferraz (EACF), located on King George Island. The Antarctic fish N. rossii was acclimatized to eight thermo-saline-trophic conditions, combining two temperatures (0 and 4 °C), two salinities (35 and 20), and two trophic conditions (with/without fluoride) for an 11-day period. Trophic fluoride was not able to alter the plasmatic levels of glucose, cholesterol, plasmatic protein, Cl⁻, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, and inorganic phosphate, but induced an acute elevation of triglycerides at 0 °C and salinity of 35. At low salinity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypocalcemia were observed. The thermo-saline interaction at 4 °C was able to minimize the effects of fluoride and low salinity on the plasmatic constituents levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rodrigues
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico s/No, Curitiba, PR, 81530-130, Brazil
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Tine M, Guinand B, Durand JD. Variation in gene expression along a salinity gradient in wild populations of the euryhaline black-chinned tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2012; 80:785-801. [PMID: 22471799 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated variation in expression of 11 genes within and among six wild populations of the black-chinned tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron distributed along a salinity gradient from 0 to 100. Previous laboratory studies had shown that expression of these genes was sensitive to water salinity; the current study confirmed that a number of them also varied in expression in wild populations along the salinity gradient. Principal component analysis (PCA) first distinguished two, not mutually exclusive, sets of genes: trade-off genes that were highly expressed at one or other extreme of the salinity gradient and stress genes that were up-regulated at the two salinity extremes (i.e. a U-shaped expression pattern). The PCA clearly partitioned the populations into three groups based on their gene expression patterns and their position along the salinity gradient: a freshwater (GL; 0) population, four brackish and seawater (GB, HB, SM, SF; ranging from 20 to 50) populations and a hypersaline (SK, 100) population. Individual variation in gene expression was significantly greater within the populations at the extreme compared to intermediate salinities. These results reveal phenotypically plastic regulation of gene expression in S. melanotheron, and greater osmoregulatory and plasticity costs at extreme salinities, where fitness-related traits are known to be altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tine
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Jury DR, Kaveti S, Duan ZH, Willard B, Kinter M, Londraville R. Effects of calorie restriction on the zebrafish liver proteome. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2008; 3:275-82. [PMID: 20494847 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A proteomic approach was taken to study how fish respond to changes in calorie availability, with the longer-term goal of understanding the evolution of lipid metabolism in vertebrates. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were fed either high (3 rations/day) or low (1 ration/7 days) calorie diets for 5 weeks and liver proteins extracted for proteomic analyses. Proteins were separated on two-dimensional electrophoresis gels and homologous spots compared between treatments to determine which proteins were up-regulated with high-calorie diet. Fifty-five spots were excised from the gel and analyzed via LC-ESI MS/MS, which resulted in the identification of 69 unique proteins (via multiple peptides). Twenty-nine of these proteins were differentially expressed between treatments. Differentially expressed proteins were mapped to Gene Ontology (GO) terms, and these terms compared to the entire zebrafish GO annotation set by Fisher's exact test. The most significant GO terms associated with high-calorie diet are related to a decrease in oxygen-binding activity in the high-calorie treatment. This response is consistent with a well-characterized response in obese humans, indicating there may be a link between lipid storage and hypoxia sensitivity in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Jury
- University of Akron, Department of Biology and Integrated Bioscience Program, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
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Marshall WS, Cozzi RRF, Pelis RM, McCormick SD. Cortisol receptor blockade and seawater adaptation in the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 303:132-42. [PMID: 15662660 DOI: 10.1002/jez.a.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To examine the role of cortisol in seawater osmoregulation in a euryhaline teleost, adult killifish were acclimated to brackish water (10 per thousand) and RU486 or vehicle was administered orally in peanut oil daily for five days at low (40 mg.kg(-1)) or high dose (200 mg.kg(-1)). Fish were transferred to 1.5 x seawater (45 per thousand) or to brackish water (control) and sampled at 24 h and 48 h after transfer, when Cl- secretion is upregulated. At 24 h, opercular membrane Cl- secretion rate, as Isc, was increased only in the high dose RU486 group. Stimulation of membranes by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and cAMP increased Isc in vehicle treated controls but those from RU486-treated animals were unchanged and membranes from brackish water animals showed a decrease in Isc. At 48 h, Isc increased and transepithelial resistance decreased in vehicle and RU486 groups, compared to brackish water controls. Plasma cortisol increased in all groups transferred to high salinity, compared to brackish water controls. RU486 treated animals had higher cortisol levels compared to vehicle controls. Vehicle treated controls had lower cortisol levels than untreated or RU486 treated animals, higher stimulation of Isc, and lower hematocrit at 24 h, beneficial effects attributed to increased caloric intake from the peanut oil vehicle. Chloride cell density was significantly increased in the high dose RU486 group at 48 hours, yet Isc was unchanged, suggesting a decrease in Cl- secretion per cell. Thus cortisol enhances NaCl secretion capacity in chloride cells, likely via glucocorticoid type receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Marshall
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5, Canada.
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