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Souza PFN. The forgotten 2S albumin proteins: Importance, structure, and biotechnological application in agriculture and human health. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:4638-4649. [PMID: 32937155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
2S albumin proteins are a group of important seed storage proteins (SSPs) essential to seeds at early and late developmental stages, by providing amino acids and other nutrients during germination and for seed defense. 2S albumins possess a well-conserved cysteine supporting the stability of temperature, pH, and proteolysis. The 3D structure rich in alpha-helices and positively charged is particularly suited for antibacterial and antifungal activity, which is presented by many 2S albumins. However, the hypervariable region present in 2S albumins induces allergenic reactions. Because of that, 2S albumins have never been recognized for their biotechnological potential. However, the development of servers used for the rational design of antimicrobial molecules has now brought a new application to 2S albumins, acting as a model to design antimicrobial molecules without the toxic or allergenic effects of 2S albumins. Therefore, this review is focused on discussing the importance of 2S albumins to seed development and defense and the biochemical, structural and functional properties of these proteins thought to play a role in their antimicrobial activity. Additionally, the application of 2S albumins to design synthetic antimicrobial peptides is discussed, potentially bringing new functions to these forgotten proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro F N Souza
- Laboratory of Plant Defense Proteins, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60.440-554, Brazil.
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2
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Optimization of sunflower albumin extraction from oleaginous meal and characterization of their structure and properties. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Pickardt C, Eisner P, Kammerer DR, Carle R. Pilot plant preparation of light-coloured protein isolates from de-oiled sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) press cake by mild-acidic protein extraction and polyphenol adsorption. Food Hydrocoll 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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4
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Ribeiro SM, Almeida RG, Pereira CAA, Moreira JS, Pinto MFS, Oliveira AC, Vasconcelos IM, Oliveira JTA, Santos MO, Dias SC, Franco OL. Identification of a Passiflora alata Curtis dimeric peptide showing identity with 2S albumins. Peptides 2011; 32:868-74. [PMID: 20955745 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Antifungal proteins and peptides, essential compounds for plant defense, have been isolated from several tissues of various plants. These proteins could be used as a natural alternative to control phytopathogenic fungi. In this report a heterodimeric antifungal protein named Pa-AFP1, showing higher identity with the 2S albumin family, was purified by using 70-100% ammonium sulfate saturation and further purification steps such as anionic exchange Q-Sepharose chromatography associated with HPLC reversed-phase C4 chromatography. Analysis by Tricine-SDS-PAGE revealed two peptidic molecular masses of approximately 4500 Da and 7000 Da, in the presence of β-mercaptoethanol, while by removing the reducing agent a single protein with molecular mass of about 11,500 Da was obtained. Moreover, dimer mass was confirmed by MALDI-TOF analyses (11,569.76 Da). The antifungal protein, named Pa-AFP1, efficiently inhibited the growth of filamentous fungi Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and was added to a short list of 2S albumins with antimicrobial properties. Otherwise, this same peptide showed no activity toward bacteria and yeasts. In summary, this compound could be used in the future to develop biotechnological products for the control of phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana M Ribeiro
- Centro de Análise Proteômicas e Bioquímicas de Brasília, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Cano-Medina A, Jiménez-Islas H, Dendooven L, Herrera RP, González-Alatorre G, Escamilla-Silva EM. Emulsifying and foaming capacity and emulsion and foam stability of sesame protein concentrates. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Burnett GR, Rigby NM, Mills ENC, Belton PS, Fido RJ, Tatham AS, Shewry PR. Characterization of the emulsification properties of 2S albumins from sunflower seed. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 247:177-85. [PMID: 16290454 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2001.8093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2001] [Accepted: 11/08/2001] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of 2S albumins from sunflower seeds to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions has been investigated, demonstrating that one of the proteins (SFA8) effectively stabilizes emulsions, while another (SF-LTP) does not stabilize emulsions. The surface tension and surface dilation viscosity of these two proteins were measured, rationalizing the emulsifying ability of SFA8 in terms of its ability to form a strongly elastic monolayer at interfaces. The secondary structure changes that occur upon adsorption of SFA8 to the oil/water interface have also been studied by fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. It was found that the beta-sheet content of the protein increased upon adsorption at the expense of alpha-helix and random structure. Moreover, FT-IR measurements indicate the presence of intermolecular beta-sheet formation upon adsorption. Fluorescence studies with an oil-soluble fluorescence quencher indicate that the single tryptophan residue present in SFA8 may become located in the oil-phase of the emulsion. This residue is thought to be partially buried in the native protein, and these data suggest that changes in the polypeptide region flanking this residue may play an important role in the molecular rearrangement that occur on or following adsorption to the oil/water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R Burnett
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UA, United Kingdom.
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Pérez SG, Vereijken JM, Koningsveld GA, Gruppen H, Voragen AGJ. Physicochemical Properties of 2S Albumins and the Corresponding Protein Isolate from Sunflower (Helianthus annuus). J Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb09029.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Moreno FJ, Maldonado BM, Wellner N, Mills ENC. Thermostability and in vitro digestibility of a purified major allergen 2S albumin (Ses i 1) from white sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2006; 1752:142-53. [PMID: 16140598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2005] [Revised: 07/07/2005] [Accepted: 07/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A major 2S albumin allergen, Ses i 1, from white sesame seeds was purified to homogeneity, characterized and identified using proteomic techniques. Ses i 1 exhibited a molecular weight of 12062 Da, although an extensive C-terminal clipping of the small subunit was observed. In addition, the N-terminal glutamine of the small subunit had been converted to pyroglutamate and a variant of the large subunit which had lost the N-terminal glutamine was also detected. The protein was thermo-stable up to 90 degrees C at neutral and acid pH, retaining its monomeric state and showing minimal alterations, which were reversible on cooling, in a predominantly alpha-helical secondary structure, as shown by circular dichroism and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Ses i 1 was also highly resistant to digestion using a physiologically relevant in vitro gastrointestinal model system. After 2 h of gastric digestion, the allergen remained completely intact and only the small subunit was cleaved during 2 h of subsequent duodenal digestion, leaving a major IgE epitope region of this protein intact. Neither prior heating of the Ses i 1 nor the presence of the physiological surfactant phosphatidylcholine affected the pattern of proteolysis. These findings are consistent with those found for the 2S albumin allergen from Brazil nut, Ber e 1, and suggest that Ses i 1 may preserve its structure from the degradation in the gastrointestinal tract, a property thought to be crucial for both a protein to sensitise the mucosal immune system and provoke an allergic reaction in a sensitised individual.
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MESH Headings
- 2S Albumins, Plant
- Antigens, Plant/chemistry
- Antigens, Plant/metabolism
- Chromatography, Gel
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Circular Dichroism
- Digestion/physiology
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Plant Proteins/chemistry
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Proteomics
- Seeds/chemistry
- Sesamum/chemistry
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
- Temperature
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javier Moreno
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom.
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Clement G, Boquet D, Mondoulet L, Lamourette P, Bernard H, Wal JM. Expression in Escherichia coli and disulfide bridge mapping of PSC33, an allergenic 2S albumin from peanut. Protein Expr Purif 2005; 44:110-20. [PMID: 16023369 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2005.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2005] [Revised: 05/24/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we describe the expression, purification, and disulfide mapping of the named 'peanut seed cDNA 33' (PSC33) peanut allergen. A variant of PSC33 (with N(63), E(64), Q(69) instead of D(63), Q(64), E(69)) has been identified in peanut by proteomic analysis of a highly IgE immunoreactive purification fraction. It is 92% homologous to Ara h 6. We raised monoclonal antibodies against PSC33 and amplified it by PCR from peanut leaf genomic DNA. PSC33 was intron-less and the two NEQ and DQE variants of PSC33 were equally amplified. Since expression of the natural PSC33 (DQE) gene was very low in Escherichia coli even with supplementation of rare codon tRNAs, a synthetic gene optimized for expression in E. coli of PSC33 (DQE) was introduced into a pET9-c vector. A high production of protein occurred in the inclusion bodies that was submitted to refolding using an additive-introduced stepwise dialysis protocol which consists in the gradual removal of the denaturing agent guanidine-HCl with controlled introduction of oxidized and reduced glutathione and l-arginine as a chemical chaperone. After reverse phase HPLC purification, 1mg of pure refolded protein (as assayed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, mouse IgG immunoreactivity and circular dichroism) were obtained with every 100ml of bacterial culture. Trypsin and CNBr hydrolysis of the protein combined with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry allowed us to assign disulfide bridges and show that the native and refolded proteins were identical. The four disulfides of canonical 2S albumins were conserved and the two supplementary cysteines of PSC33 were paired together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Clement
- Laboratoire INRA-CEA d'immunoallergie alimentaire, SPI Bât 136 CEA, Saclay 91191, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.
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Alcocer MJC, Murtagh GJ, Wilson PB, Progias P, Lin J, Archer DB. The major human structural IgE epitope of the Brazil nut allergen Ber e 1: a chimaeric and protein microarray approach. J Mol Biol 2004; 343:759-69. [PMID: 15465060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2004] [Revised: 07/29/2004] [Accepted: 08/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A protein microarray system containing different dilutions of 77 related and non-related proteins was used to show that IgE from subjects allergic to Brazil nut specifically recognise the seed 2S albumin protein (Ber e 1). Further, correctly folded chimaeric 2S albumin proteins containing structural epitope replacement were constructed and directed to the secretion pathway of the methylotropic yeast Pichia pastoris. Through the use of a chimaeric protein microarray system together with sera from a panel of 18 well-characterised Brazil nut allergic subjects, a structural IgE epitope of Ber e 1 was mapped to a helix-loop-helix region. The same structural region has been previously reported as the immunodominant region in related food allergens by different techniques. In conclusion, the combination of chimaeric proteins and protein microarrays will greatly facilitate the screening of a large number of individuals for a particular structural epitope and help to further our understanding of how proteins are recognised by the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos J C Alcocer
- School of Biosciences, Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
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Murtagh GJ, Archer DB, Dumoulin M, Ridout S, Matthews S, Arshad SH, Alcocer MJC. In vitro stability and immunoreactivity of the native and recombinant plant food 2S albumins Ber e 1 and SFA-8. Clin Exp Allergy 2003; 33:1147-52. [PMID: 12911791 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of an intact protein to reach the circulatory system may be a prerequisite to allergenicity and many allergens, particularly those from plant foods, have been found to be consistently more resistant to digestion by pepsin than other proteins. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the pepsinolytic stability of native 2S albumins from Brazil nut and sunflower seed and their recombinant versions produced in Pichia pastoris. The physicochemical stability of native and recombinant Brazil nut 2S albumins and recombinant sunflower seed 2S albumin was also assessed. The immunoreactivity of native Brazil nut 2S albumin and recombinant 2S albumins was compared using serum from patients allergic to Brazil nuts and animals immunized with native 2S albumins. METHODS Digestibility was measured in simulated gastric fluid followed by SDS-PAGE. Circular dichroism spectra were used to analyse unfolding, as proteins were denatured by temperature, pH and guanidinium chloride. Immunoreactivity was assessed by immunoblot, RAST and ELISA. RESULTS Brazil nut 2S albumin was significantly more resistant to proteolytic digestion than other Brazil nut proteins. It was also resistant to thermally and chemically induced denaturation. Equally high resistance to proteolytic digestion was observed with sunflower seed 2S albumin. The recombinant albumins mirrored their native counterparts in stability and immunoreactivity. CONCLUSION The important food allergen Brazil nut 2S albumin is as stable to digestion as is sunflower seed 2S albumin, whose allergenicity has yet to be determined. The 2S albumins and their recombinant counterparts could not be easily denatured by physicochemical treatments. The results suggest that 2S albumin is the only Brazil nut protein to reach the gut immune system intact. The production of properly folded recombinant proteins will facilitate mechanistic studies as well as diagnostic testing and antigen-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Murtagh
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
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Alcocer MJC, Murtagh GJ, Bailey K, Dumoulin M, Meseguer AS, Parker MJ, Archer DB. The disulphide mapping, folding and characterisation of recombinant Ber e 1, an allergenic protein, and SFA8, two sulphur-rich 2S plant albumins. J Mol Biol 2002; 324:165-75. [PMID: 12421566 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(02)01061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have cloned and expressed genes encoding the allergenic brazil nut 2S albumin (Ber e 1) and the sunflower albumin 8 (SFA8) in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. We show that both proteins were secreted at high levels and that the purified proteins were properly folded. We also showed that Ber e 1 is glycosylated during secretion and that the glycan does not interfere with the folding or immunoreactivity. The disulphide map of the Ber e 1 protein was experimentally established and is in agreement with the conserved disulphide structure of other members of the 2S albumin family. A model three-dimensional structure of the allergen was generated. During the expression studies and through mutation we have also shown that alteration of the sequences around the Kex2 endoproteolytic processing site in the expressed fusion protein can compromise the secretion by targeting part of the protein for possible degradation. The secreted production of these properly folded sulphur-rich plant albumins presents an opportunity to delineate the attributes that make an allergen and to facilitate the diagnosis and therapy of type I allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos J C Alcocer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Joseph-Horne T, Babij J, Wood PM, Hollomon D, Sessions RB. New sequence data enable modelling of the fungal alternative oxidase and explain an absence of regulation by pyruvate. FEBS Lett 2000; 481:141-6. [PMID: 10996313 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory rates involving the alternative oxidase (AO) were studied in mitochondria from Tapesia acuformis. There was no evidence for regulation by pyruvate, in contrast with plant AO. The site of interaction of pyruvate with the plant AO is a conserved cysteine. The primary sequence was obtained for AO from Magnaporthe grisea and compared with four published sequences for fungal AO. In all cases this cysteine was absent. Sequence data were obtained for the C-terminal domain of a further five fungal AOs. In this region the fungal sequences were all consistent with a four-helix, di-iron binding structure as in the ferritin-fold family. A molecular model of this domain was deduced from the structure of Delta-9 desaturase. This is in general agreement with that developed for plant AOs, despite very low sequence identity between the two kingdoms. Further modelling indicated an appropriate active site for binding of ubiquinol, required in the AO redox reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Joseph-Horne
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK
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