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Fisher SB, Cote GJ, Bui-Griffith JH, Lu W, Tang X, Hai T, Fisher KE, Williams MD, Wistuba II, Waguespack SG, Dorman CM, Ludwig MS, Graham PH, Perrier ND, Lee JE, Grubbs EG. Genetic characterization of medullary thyroid cancer in childhood survivors of the Chernobyl accident. Surgery 2019; 165:58-63. [PMID: 30392857 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-associated fusion oncogenes play a direct role in papillary thyroid cancer development and pathogenic fusions have recently been reported in medullary thyroid cancer. To date, no studies have evaluated oncogenic events in medullary thyroid cancer in a radiation-exposed population. METHODS Somatic and germline alterations, including RET fusions, were evaluated in paired medullary thyroid cancer tumor and normal samples from the Chernobyl Tissue Bank, a heavily screened population affected by the Chernobyl disaster. RESULTS Tissue was available for 49 individuals. The median age of diagnosis was 26 years (range 9 to 43 years); 16 were radiation-exposed at a median age of 6 (range 2 days to 17 years). A total of 21 patients harbored germline RET mutations (codons 634[13], 918[5], 790[1], 609[1], and 620[1]); 4 had family history. Sporadic medullary thyroid cancer was identified in 27 patients (RET[18], KRAS[1], RET+KRAS[1], TP53[1], wild type [6]), with 1 RET fusion (1/49;2%). The age at operation for patients with hereditary medullary thyroid cancer was not different than sporadic medullary thyroid cancer (23.5 vs 28 years, P = .063). In sporadic medullary thyroid cancer, radiation was not associated with a difference in age at operation, tumor size, or tumor stage (P > .05). CONCLUSION In a heavily screened cohort, genetic analysis revealed germline RET mutations in previously unrecognized probands and a remarkable number of sporadic medullary thyroid cancer cases with a young age at presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Fisher
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Surgical Oncology, Houston, Texas
| | - Gilbert J Cote
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Wei Lu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Houston, Texas
| | - Ximing Tang
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Houston, Texas
| | - Tao Hai
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, Houston, Texas
| | - Kevin E Fisher
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Houston, Texas
| | - Michelle D Williams
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven G Waguespack
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, Houston, Texas
| | - Clark M Dorman
- University of Texas at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Michelle S Ludwig
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul H Graham
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Surgical Oncology, Houston, Texas
| | - Nancy D Perrier
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Surgical Oncology, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Surgical Oncology, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth G Grubbs
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Surgical Oncology, Houston, Texas.
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Misa-Agustiño MJ, Jorge-Mora T, Jorge-Barreiro FJ, Suarez-Quintanilla J, Moreno-Piquero E, Ares-Pena FJ, López-Martín E. Exposure to non-ionizing radiation provokes changes in rat thyroid morphology and expression of HSP-90. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:1123-35. [PMID: 25649190 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214567611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-ionizing radiation at 2.45 GHz may modify the morphology and expression of genes that codify heat shock proteins (HSP) in the thyroid gland. Diathermy is the therapeutic application of non-ionizing radiation to humans for its beneficial effects in rheumatological and musculo-skeletal pain processes. We used a diathermy model on laboratory rats subjected to maximum exposure in the left front leg, in order to study the effects of radiation on the nearby thyroid tissue. Fifty-six rats were individually exposed once or repeatedly (10 times in two weeks) for 30 min to 2.45 GHz radiation in a commercial chamber at different non-thermal specific absorption rates (SARs), which were calculated using the finite difference time domain technique. We used immunohistochemistry methods to study the expression of HSP-90 and morphological changes in thyroid gland tissues. Ninety minutes after radiation with the highest SAR, the central and peripheral follicles presented increased size and the thickness of the peripheral septa had decreased. Twenty-four hours after radiation, only peripheral follicles radiated at 12 W were found to be smaller. Peripheral follicles increased in size with repeated exposure at 3 W power. Morphological changes in the thyroid tissue may indicate a glandular response to acute or repeated stress from radiation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Further research is needed to determine if the effect of this physical agent over time may cause disease in the human thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Misa-Agustiño
- Morphological Sciences Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Teresa Jorge-Mora
- Morphological Sciences Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco J Jorge-Barreiro
- Morphological Sciences Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Suarez-Quintanilla
- Morphological Sciences Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eduardo Moreno-Piquero
- Applied Physics Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ares-Pena
- Applied Physics Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Elena López-Martín
- Morphological Sciences Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Albi E, Curcio F, Spelat R, Lazzarini A, Lazzarini R, Cataldi S, Loreti E, Ferri I, Ambesi-Impiombato FS. Loss of parafollicular cells during gravitational changes (microgravity, hypergravity) and the secret effect of pleiotrophin. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48518. [PMID: 23284618 PMCID: PMC3526598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally known that bone loss is one of the most important complications for astronauts who are exposed to long-term microgravity in space. Changes in blood flow, systemic hormones, and locally produced factors were indicated as important elements contributing to the response of osteoblastic cells to loading, but research in this field still has many questions. Here, the possible biological involvement of thyroid C cells is being investigated. The paper is a comparison between a case of a wild type single mouse and a over-expressing pleiotrophin single mouse exposed to hypogravity conditions during the first animal experiment of long stay in International Space Station (91 days) and three similar mice exposed to hypergravity (2Gs) conditions. We provide evidence that both microgravity and hypergravity induce similar loss of C cells with reduction of calcitonin production. Pleiotrophin over-expression result in some protection against negative effects of gravity change. Potential implication of the gravity mechanic forces in the regulation of bone homeostasis via thyroid equilibrium is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Albi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Lipid BioPathology, Centro Ricerche Analisi Biochimico Specialistiche, Perugia, Italy
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Martín-Lacave I, Borrero MJ, Utrilla JC, Fernández-Santos JM, de Miguel M, Morillo J, Guerrero JM, García-Marín R, Conde E. C cells evolve at the same rhythm as follicular cells when thyroidal status changes in rats. J Anat 2010; 214:301-9. [PMID: 19245497 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
C cells are primarily known for producing calcitonin, a hypocalcemic and hypophosphatemic hormone. Nevertheless, besides their role in calcium homeostasis, C cells may be involved in the intrathyroidal regulation of follicular cells, suggesting a possible interrelationship between the two endocrine populations. If this premise is true, massive changes induced by different agents in the activity of follicular cells may also affect calcitonin-producing cells. To investigate the behaviour of C cells in those circumstances, we have experimentally induced two opposite functional thyroid states. We hyperstimulated the follicular cells using a goitrogen (propylthiouracil), and we suppressed thyroid hormone synthesis by oral administration of thyroxine. In both scenarios, we measured T(4), TSH, calcitonin, and calcium serum levels. We also completely sectioned the thyroid gland, specifically immunostained the C cells, and rigorously quantified this endocrine population. In hypothyroid rats, not only follicular cells but also C cells displayed hyperplastic and hypertrophic changes as well as increased calcitonin levels. When exogenous thyroxine was administered to the rats, the opposite effect was noted as a decrease in the number and size of C cells, as well as decreased calcitonin levels. Additionally, we noted that the two cell types maintain the same numerical relation (10 +/- 2.5 follicular cells per C cell), independent of the functional activity of the thyroid gland. Considering that TSH serum levels are increased in hypothyroid rats and decreased in thyroxine-treated rats, we discuss the potential involvement of thyrotropin in the observed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Martín-Lacave
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sánchez Pizjuán S/N, Seville, Spain.
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Guajardo-Salinas GE, Carvajal JA, Gaytan-Ramos ÁA, Arroyo L, López-Reyes AG, Islas JF, Cano BG, Arroyo-Currás N, Dávalos A, Madrid G, Moreno-Cuevas JE. Effects of bone marrow cell transplant on thyroid function in an I131-induced low T4 and elevated TSH rat model. J Negat Results Biomed 2007; 6:1. [PMID: 17233913 PMCID: PMC1784113 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5751-6-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We developed a study using low dose radioactive iodine creating an animal model of transient elevation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Male derived bone marrow cells were transplanted to asses their effect on thyroid function and their capability to repair the thyroid parenchyma. Results At 40 an 80 days after I131 treatment, the study groups TSH and T4 serum values both increased and decreased significantly respectively compared to the negative control group. Eight weeks after cell transplantation, neither TSH nor T4 showed a significant difference in any group. The mean number of SRY gene copies found in group I (Left Intracardiac Transplant) was 523.3 and those in group II (Intrathyroid Transplant) were only 73. Group III (No Transplant) and IV had no copies. Group I presented a partial restore of the histological pattern of rat thyroid with approximately 20% – 30% of normal-sized follicles. Group II did not show any histological differences compared to group III (Positive control). Conclusion Both a significant increase of TSH and decrease of T4 can be induced as early as day 40 after a low dose of I131 in rats. Restore of normal thyroid function can be spontaneously achieved after using a low dose RAI in a rat model. The use of BM derived cells did not affect the re-establishment of thyroid function and might help restore the normal architecture after treatment with RAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo E Guajardo-Salinas
- Cell Therapy Laboratory, ITESM School of Medicine, 3000 Ave. Morones Prieto, Monterrey, NL 64710, México
| | - Juan A Carvajal
- Cell Therapy Laboratory, ITESM School of Medicine, 3000 Ave. Morones Prieto, Monterrey, NL 64710, México
| | - Ángel A Gaytan-Ramos
- Cell Therapy Laboratory, ITESM School of Medicine, 3000 Ave. Morones Prieto, Monterrey, NL 64710, México
| | - Luis Arroyo
- Cell Therapy Laboratory, ITESM School of Medicine, 3000 Ave. Morones Prieto, Monterrey, NL 64710, México
| | - Alberto G López-Reyes
- Cell Therapy Laboratory, ITESM School of Medicine, 3000 Ave. Morones Prieto, Monterrey, NL 64710, México
| | - José F Islas
- Cell Therapy Laboratory, ITESM School of Medicine, 3000 Ave. Morones Prieto, Monterrey, NL 64710, México
| | - Beiman G Cano
- Cell Therapy Laboratory, ITESM School of Medicine, 3000 Ave. Morones Prieto, Monterrey, NL 64710, México
| | | | - Alfredo Dávalos
- Cell Therapy Laboratory, ITESM School of Medicine, 3000 Ave. Morones Prieto, Monterrey, NL 64710, México
| | - Gloria Madrid
- Cell Therapy Laboratory, ITESM School of Medicine, 3000 Ave. Morones Prieto, Monterrey, NL 64710, México
| | - Jorge E Moreno-Cuevas
- Cell Therapy Laboratory, ITESM School of Medicine, 3000 Ave. Morones Prieto, Monterrey, NL 64710, México
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