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Tang H, Bie Z, Wang B, Yang Z, Li P, Wang X, Liu P. The characteristics of brain structural remodeling in patients with unilateral vestibular schwannoma. J Neurooncol 2023; 162:79-91. [PMID: 36808599 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Brain structural remodeling alters related brain function. However, few studies have assessed morphological alterations of unilateral vestibular schwannoma (VS) patients. Therefore, this study examined the characteristics of brain structural remodeling in unilateral VS patients. METHODS We recruited 39 patients with unilateral VS (19 left, 20 right) and 24 matched normal controls (NCs). We obtained brain structural imaging data using 3T T1-weighted anatomical and diffusion tensor imaging scans. Then, we evaluated both gray and white matter (WM) changes using FreeSurfer software and tract-based spatial statistics, respectively. Furthermore, we constructed a structural covariance network to assess brain structural network properties and the connectivity strength between brain regions. RESULTS Compared with NCs, VS patients showed cortical thickening in non-auditory areas (e.g., the left precuneus), especially left VS patients, along with reduced cortical thickness in the right superior temporal gyrus (auditory areas). VS patients also showed increased fractional anisotropy in extensive non-auditory-related WM (e.g., the superior longitudinal fasciculus), especially right VS patients. Both left and right VS patients showed increased small-worldness (more efficient information transfer). Left VS patients had a single reduced-connectivity subnetwork in contralateral temporal regions (right-side auditory areas), but increased connectivity between some non-auditory regions (e.g., left precuneus and left temporal pole). CONCLUSION VS patients exhibited greater morphological alterations in non-auditory than auditory areas, with structural reductions seen in related auditory areas and a compensatory increase in non-auditory areas. Left and right VS patients show differential patterns of brain structural remodeling. These findings provide a new perspective on the treatment and postoperative rehabilitation of VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlu Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zhixu Bie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xingchao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Pinan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China. .,Department of Neural Reconstruction, Beijing Neurosurgery Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Kataja J, Soldati M, Matilainen N, Laakso I. A probabilistic transcranial magnetic stimulation localization method. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34475274 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac1f2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to safely and noninvasively activate brain tissue. However, the characteristic parameters of the neuronal activation have been largely unclear. In this work, we propose a novel neuronal activation model and develop a method to infer its parameters from measured motor evoked potential signals.Approach.The connection between neuronal activation due to an induced electric field and a measured motor threshold is modeled. The posterior distribution of the model parameters are inferred from measurement data using Bayes' formula. The measurements are the active motor thresholds obtained with multiple stimulating coil locations, and the parameters of the model are the location, preferred direction of activation, and threshold electric field value of the activation site. The posterior distribution is sampled using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method. We quantify the plausibility of the model by calculating the marginal likelihood of the measured thresholds. The method is validated with synthetic data and applied to motor threshold measurements from the first dorsal interosseus muscle in five healthy participants.Main results.The method produces a probability distribution for the activation location, from which a minimal volume where the activation occurs with 95% probability can be derived. For eight or nine stimulating coil locations, the smallest such a volume obtained was approximately 100 mm3. The 95% probability volume intersected the pre-central gyral crown and the anterior wall of the central sulcus, and the preferred direction was perpendicular to the central sulcus, both findings being consistent with the literature. Furthermore, it was not possible to rule out if the activation occurred either in the white or grey matter. In one participant, two distinct activations sites were found while others exhibited a unique site.Significance.The method is both generic and robust, and it lays a foundation for a framework that enables accurate analysis and characterization of TMS activation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhani Kataja
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marco Soldati
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Noora Matilainen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ilkka Laakso
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Aalto Neuroimaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Cakmak YO, Ekinci G, Heinecke A, Çavdar S. A Possible Role of Prolonged Whirling Episodes on Structural Plasticity of the Cortical Networks and Altered Vertigo Perception: The Cortex of Sufi Whirling Dervishes. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:3. [PMID: 28167905 PMCID: PMC5253366 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although minutes of a spinning episode may induce vertigo in the healthy human, as a result of a possible perceptional plasticity, Sufi Whirling Dervishes (SWDs) can spin continuously for an hour without a vertigo perception.This unique long term vestibular system stimulation presents a potential human model to clarify the cortical networks underlying the resistance against vertigo. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the potential structural cortical plasticity in SWDs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 10 SWDs and 10 controls were obtained, using a 3T scanner. Cortical thickness in the whole cortex was calculated. Results demonstrated significantly thinner cortical areas for SWD subjects compared with the control group in the hubs of the default mode network (DMN), as well as in the motion perception and discrimination areas including the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the right lingual gyrus and the left visual area 5 (V5)/middle temporal (MT) and the left fusiform gyrus. In conclusion, this is the first report that warrants the potential relationship of the motion/body perception related cortical networks and the prolonged term of whirling ability without vertigo or dizziness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf O Cakmak
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gazanfer Ekinci
- Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Marmara University Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Armin Heinecke
- Brain Innovation BV, Biopartner Center Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Safiye Çavdar
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Koc University Istanbul, Turkey
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Zamroziewicz MK, Paul EJ, Zwilling CE, Johnson EJ, Kuchan MJ, Cohen NJ, Barbey AK. Parahippocampal Cortex Mediates the Relationship between Lutein and Crystallized Intelligence in Healthy, Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:297. [PMID: 27999541 PMCID: PMC5138207 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although, diet has a substantial influence on the aging brain, the relationship between dietary nutrients and aspects of brain health remains unclear. This study examines the neural mechanisms that mediate the relationship between a carotenoid important for brain health across the lifespan, lutein, and crystallized intelligence in cognitively intact older adults. We hypothesized that higher serum levels of lutein are associated with better performance on a task of crystallized intelligence, and that this relationship is mediated by gray matter structure of regions within the temporal cortex. This investigation aims to contribute to a growing line of evidence, which suggests that particular nutrients may slow or prevent aspects of cognitive decline by targeting specific features of brain aging. Methods: We examined 76 cognitively intact adults between the ages of 65 and 75 to investigate the relationship between serum lutein, tests of crystallized intelligence (measured by the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence), and gray matter volume of regions within the temporal cortex. A three-step mediation analysis was implemented using multivariate linear regressions to control for age, sex, education, income, depression status, and body mass index. Results: The mediation analysis revealed that gray matter thickness of one region within the temporal cortex, the right parahippocampal cortex (Brodmann's Area 34), partially mediates the relationship between serum lutein and crystallized intelligence. Conclusion: These results suggest that the parahippocampal cortex acts as a mediator of the relationship between serum lutein and crystallized intelligence in cognitively intact older adults. Prior findings substantiate the individual relationships reported within the mediation, specifically the links between (i) serum lutein and temporal cortex structure, (ii) serum lutein and crystallized intelligence, and (iii) parahippocampal cortex structure and crystallized intelligence. This report demonstrates a novel structural mediation between lutein status and crystallized intelligence, and therefore provides further evidence that specific nutrients may slow or prevent features of cognitive decline by hindering particular aspects of brain aging. Future work should examine the potential mechanisms underlying this mediation, including the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and membrane modulating properties of lutein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta K Zamroziewicz
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Erick J Paul
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Chris E Zwilling
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Johnson
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tufts University Boston, MA USA
| | - Matthew J Kuchan
- Research, Scientific and Medical Affairs, Abbott Nutrition Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Neal J Cohen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Carle Neuroscience Institute, Carle Foundation HospitalUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Aron K Barbey
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Carle Neuroscience Institute, Carle Foundation HospitalUrbana, IL, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignChampaign, IL, USA
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5
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Zamroziewicz MK, Zwilling CE, Barbey AK. Inferior Prefrontal Cortex Mediates the Relationship between Phosphatidylcholine and Executive Functions in Healthy, Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:226. [PMID: 27733825 PMCID: PMC5040143 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study examines the neural mechanisms that mediate the relationship between phosphatidylcholine and executive functions in cognitively intact older adults. We hypothesized that higher plasma levels of phosphatidylcholine are associated with better performance on a particular component of the executive functions, namely cognitive flexibility, and that this relationship is mediated by gray matter structure of regions within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) that have been implicated in cognitive flexibility. Methods: We examined 72 cognitively intact adults between the ages of 65 and 75 in an observational, cross-sectional study to investigate the relationship between blood biomarkers of phosphatidylcholine, tests of cognitive flexibility (measured by the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Trail Making Test), and gray matter structure of regions within the PFC. A three-step mediation analysis was implemented using multivariate linear regressions and we controlled for age, sex, education, income, depression status, and body mass index. Results: The mediation analysis revealed that gray matter thickness of one region within the PFC, the left inferior PFC (Brodmann's Area 45), mediates the relationship between phosphatidylcholine blood biomarkers and cognitive flexibility. Conclusion: These results suggest that particular nutrients may slow or prevent age-related cognitive decline by influencing specific structures within the brain. This report demonstrates a novel structural mediation between plasma phosphatidylcholine levels and cognitive flexibility. Future work should examine the potential mechanisms underlying this mediation, including phosphatidylcholine-dependent cell membrane integrity of the inferior PFC and phosphatidylcholine-dependent cholinergic projections to the inferior PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta K. Zamroziewicz
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
| | - Chris E. Zwilling
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
| | - Aron K. Barbey
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
- Carle Neuroscience Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, UrbanaIL, USA
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Allan TW, Besle J, Langers DRM, Davies J, Hall DA, Palmer AR, Adjamian P. Neuroanatomical Alterations in Tinnitus Assessed with Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:221. [PMID: 27708577 PMCID: PMC5030287 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of anatomical changes associated with tinnitus have provided inconsistent results, with some showing significant cortical and subcortical changes, while others have found effects due to hearing loss, but not tinnitus. In this study, we examined changes in brain anatomy associated with tinnitus using anatomical scans from 128 participants with tinnitus and hearing loss, tinnitus with clinically normal hearing, and non-tinnitus controls with clinically normal hearing. The groups were matched for hearing loss, age and gender. We employed voxel- and surface-based morphometry (SBM) to investigate gray and white matter volume and thickness within regions-of-interest (ROI) that were based on the results of previous studies. The largest overall effects were found for age, gender, and hearing loss. With regard to tinnitus, analysis of ROI revealed numerous small increases and decreases in gray matter and thickness between tinnitus and non-tinnitus controls, in both cortical and subcortical structures. For whole brain analysis, the main tinnitus-related significant clusters were found outside sensory auditory structures. These include a decrease in cortical thickness for the tinnitus group compared to controls in the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and a decrease in cortical volume with hearing loss in left Heschl’s gyrus (HG). For masked analysis, we found a decrease in gray matter volume in the right Heschle’s gyrus for the tinnitus group compared to the controls. We found no changes in the subcallosal region as reported in some previous studies. Overall, while some of the morphological differences observed in this study are similar to previously published findings, others are entirely different or even contradict previous results. We highlight other discrepancies among previous results and the increasing need for a more precise subtyping of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Allan
- Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research, The University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK
| | - Julien Besle
- Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research, The University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK
| | - Dave R M Langers
- Nottingham Hearing Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Nottingham, UK; Otology and Hearing Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The University of NottinghamNottingham, UK
| | - Jeff Davies
- Nottingham Hearing Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Nottingham, UK; Otology and Hearing Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The University of NottinghamNottingham, UK
| | - Deborah A Hall
- Nottingham Hearing Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Nottingham, UK; Otology and Hearing Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The University of NottinghamNottingham, UK
| | - Alan R Palmer
- Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research, The University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK
| | - Peyman Adjamian
- Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research, The University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK
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Herting MM, Keenan MF, Nagel BJ. Aerobic Fitness Linked to Cortical Brain Development in Adolescent Males: Preliminary Findings Suggest a Possible Role of BDNF Genotype. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:327. [PMID: 27445764 PMCID: PMC4928533 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise has been shown to impact brain structure and cognition in children and adults. Exercise-induced activation of a growth protein known as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is thought to contribute to such relationships. To date, however, no study has examined how aerobic fitness relates to cortical brain structure during development and if BDNF genotype moderates these relationships. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and FreeSurfer, the current study examined how aerobic fitness relates to volume, thickness, and surface area in 34 male adolescents, 15 to 18 years old. Moreover, we examined if the val66met BDNF genotype moderated these relationships. We hypothesized that aerobic fitness would relate to greater thickness and volumes in frontal, parietal, and motor regions, and that these relationships would be less robust in individuals carrying a Met allele, since this genotype leads to lower BDNF expression. We found that aerobic fitness positively related to right rostral middle frontal cortical volume in all adolescents. However, results also showed BDNF genotype moderated the relationship between aerobic fitness and bilateral medial precuneus surface area, with a positive relationship seen in individuals with the Val/Val allele, but no relationship detected in those adolescents carrying a Met allele. Lastly, using self-reported levels of aerobic activity, we found that higher-fit adolescents showed larger right medial pericalcarine, right cuneus and left precuneus surface areas as compared to their low-fit peers. Our findings suggest that aerobic fitness is linked to cortical brain development in male adolescents, and that more research is warranted to determine how an individual’s genes may influence these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Herting
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Madison F Keenan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, OR, USA
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8
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Fletcher MA, Low KA, Boyd R, Zimmerman B, Gordon BA, Tan CH, Schneider-Garces N, Sutton BP, Gratton G, Fabiani M. Comparing Aging and Fitness Effects on Brain Anatomy. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:286. [PMID: 27445740 PMCID: PMC4923123 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) mitigates the brain’s atrophy typically associated with aging, via a variety of beneficial mechanisms. One could argue that if CRF is generally counteracting the negative effects of aging, the same regions that display the greatest age-related volumetric loss should also show the largest beneficial effects of fitness. To test this hypothesis we examined structural MRI data from 54 healthy older adults (ages 55–87), to determine the overlap, across brain regions, of the profiles of age and fitness effects. Results showed that lower fitness and older age are associated with atrophy in several brain regions, replicating past studies. However, when the profiles of age and fitness effects were compared using a number of statistical approaches, the effects were not entirely overlapping. Interestingly, some of the regions that were most influenced by age were among those not influenced by fitness. Presumably, the age-related atrophy occurring in these regions is due to factors that are more impervious to the beneficial effects of fitness. Possible mechanisms supporting regional heterogeneity may include differential involvement in motor function, the presence of adult neurogenesis, and differential sensitivity to cerebrovascular, neurotrophic and metabolic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Fletcher
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, UrbanaIllinois, USA
| | - Kathy A Low
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA
| | - Rachel Boyd
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA
| | - Benjamin Zimmerman
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, UrbanaIllinois, USA
| | - Brian A Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis MO, USA
| | - Chin H Tan
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA
| | - Nils Schneider-Garces
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA
| | - Bradley P Sutton
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, UrbanaIllinois, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
| | - Gabriele Gratton
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, UrbanaIllinois, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
| | - Monica Fabiani
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, UrbanaIllinois, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
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Liu K, Zhang T, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Wu J, Lei Y, Chu WCW, Mok VCT, Wang D, Shi L. Characterization of the Fiber Connectivity Profile of the Cerebral Cortex in Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A Pilot Study. Front Psychol 2016; 7:809. [PMID: 27303358 PMCID: PMC4884735 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is considered one of the classic disconnection syndromes. However, the specific cortical disconnectivity pattern has not been fully investigated. In this study, we aimed to explore significant alterations in whole-cortex structural connectivity in SPD individuals (SPDs) by combining the techniques of brain surface morphometry and white matter tractography. Diffusion and structural MR data were collected from 20 subjects with SPD (all males; age, 19.7 ± 0.9 years) and 18 healthy controls (all males; age, 20.3 ± 1.0 years). To measure the structural connectivity for a given unit area of the cortex, the fiber connectivity density (FiCD) value was proposed and calculated as the sum of the fractional anisotropy of all the fibers connecting to that unit area in tractography. Then, the resultant whole-cortex FiCD maps were compared in a vertex-wise manner between SPDs and controls. Compared with normal controls, SPDs showed significantly decreased FiCD in the rostral middle frontal gyrus (crossing BA 9 and BA 10) and significantly increased FiCD in the anterior part of the fusiform/inferior temporal cortex (P < 0.05, Monte Carlo simulation corrected). Moreover, the gray matter volume extracted from the left rostral middle frontal cluster was observed to be significantly greater in the SPD group (P = 0.02). Overall, this study identifies a decrease in connectivity in the left middle frontal cortex as a key neural deficit at the whole-cortex level in SPD, thus providing insight into its neuropathological basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University Dalian, China
| | - Yueji Sun
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University Dalian, China
| | - Yi Lei
- Department of Radiology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen Shenzhen, China
| | - Winnie C W Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen, China
| | - Vincent C T Mok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Defeng Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen, China; Research Center for Medical Image Computing, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
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10
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Csukly G, Sirály E, Fodor Z, Horváth A, Salacz P, Hidasi Z, Csibri É, Rudas G, Szabó Á. The Differentiation of Amnestic Type MCI from the Non-Amnestic Types by Structural MRI. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:52. [PMID: 27065855 PMCID: PMC4811920 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: While amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (naMCI) are theoretically different entities, only a few investigations studied the structural brain differences between these subtypes of mild cognitive impairment. The aim of the study was to find the structural differences between aMCI and naMCI, and to replicate previous findings on the differentiation between aMCI and healthy controls. Methods: Altogether 62 aMCI, naMCI, and healthy control subjects were included into the study based on the Petersen criteria. All patients underwent a routine brain MR examination, and a detailed neuropsychological examination. Results: The sizes of the hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex and the amygdala were decreased in aMCI relative to naMCI and to controls. Furthermore the cortical thickness of the entorhinal cortex, the fusiform gyrus, the precuneus and the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus were significantly decreased in aMCI relative to naMCI and healthy controls. The largest differences relative to controls were detected for the volume of the hippocampus (18% decrease vs. controls) and the cortical thickness (20% decrease vs. controls) of the entorhinal cortex: 1.6 and 1.4 in terms of Cohen's d. Only the volume of the precuneus were decreased in the naMCI group (5% decrease) compared to the control subjects: 0.9 in terms of Cohen's d. Significant between group differences were also found in the neuropsychological test results: a decreased anterograde, retrograde memory, and category fluency performance was detected in the aMCI group relative to controls and naMCI subjects. Subjects with naMCI showed decreased letter fluency relative to controls, while both MCI groups showed decreased executive functioning relative to controls as measured by the Trail Making test part B. Memory performance in the aMCI group and in the entire sample correlated with the thickness of the entorhinal cortex and with the volume of the amygdala. Conclusion: The amnestic mild cognitive impairment/non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment separation is not only theoretical but backed by structural imaging methods and neuropsychological tests. A better knowledge of the MCI subtypes can help to predict the direction of progression and create targeted prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Csukly
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Sirály
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Fodor
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Horváth
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Salacz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary; Department of Neurology, Hospital at Péterfy Sándor StreetBudapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hidasi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Csibri
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rudas
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Szabó
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Dall'Acqua P, Johannes S, Mica L, Simmen HP, Glaab R, Fandino J, Schwendinger M, Meier C, Ulbrich EJ, Müller A, Jäncke L, Hänggi J. Connectomic and Surface-Based Morphometric Correlates of Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:127. [PMID: 27065831 PMCID: PMC4809899 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced integrity of white matter (WM) pathways and subtle anomalies in gray matter (GM) morphology have been hypothesized as mechanisms in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, findings on structural brain changes in early stages after mTBI are inconsistent and findings related to early symptoms severity are rare. Fifty-one patients were assessed with multimodal neuroimaging and clinical methods exclusively within 7 days following mTBI and compared to 53 controls. Whole-brain connectivity based on diffusion tensor imaging was subjected to network-based statistics, whereas cortical surface area, thickness, and volume based on T1-weighted MRI scans were investigated using surface-based morphometric analysis. Reduced connectivity strength within a subnetwork of 59 edges located predominantly in bilateral frontal lobes was significantly associated with higher levels of self-reported symptoms. In addition, cortical surface area decreases were associated with stronger complaints in five clusters located in bilateral frontal and postcentral cortices, and in the right inferior temporal region. Alterations in WM and GM were localized in similar brain regions and moderately-to-strongly related to each other. Furthermore, the reduction of cortical surface area in the frontal regions was correlated with poorer attentive-executive performance in the mTBI group. Finally, group differences were detected in both the WM and GM, especially when focusing on a subgroup of patients with greater complaints, indicating the importance of classifying mTBI patients according to severity of symptoms. This study provides evidence that mTBI affects not only the integrity of WM networks by means of axonal damage but also the morphology of the cortex during the initial post-injury period. These anomalies might be greater in the acute period than previously believed and the involvement of frontal brain regions was consistently pronounced in both findings. The dysconnected subnetwork suggests that mTBI can be conceptualized as a dysconnection syndrome. It remains unclear whether reduced WM integrity is the trigger for changes in cortical surface area or whether tissue deformations are the direct result of mechanical forces acting on the brain. The findings suggest that rapid identification of high-risk patients with the use of clinical scales should be assessed acutely as part of the mTBI protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Dall'Acqua
- Bellikon Rehabilitation ClinicBellikon, Switzerland; Division Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ladislav Mica
- Division of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Simmen
- Division of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Glaab
- Department of Traumatology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Javier Fandino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital Aarau Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Markus Schwendinger
- Interdisciplinary Emergency Centre, Baden Cantonal Hospital Baden, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Meier
- Department of Surgery, Waid Hospital Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erika J Ulbrich
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Lutz Jäncke
- Division Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland; International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program, Dynamic of Healthy Aging, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Hänggi
- Division Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Viviani R. A Digital Atlas of Middle to Large Brain Vessels and Their Relation to Cortical and Subcortical Structures. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:12. [PMID: 26924965 PMCID: PMC4756124 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While widely distributed, the vascular supply of the brain is particularly prominent in certain anatomical structures because of the high vessel density or their large size. A digital atlas of middle to large vessels in Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinates is here presented, obtained from a sample of N = 38 healthy participants scanned with the time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance technique, and normalized with procedures analogous to those commonly used in functional neuroimaging studies. Spatial colocalization of brain parenchyma and vessels is shown to affect specific structures such as the anteromedial face of the temporal lobe, the cortex surrounding the Sylvian fissure (Sy), the anterior cingular cortex, and the ventral striatum. The vascular frequency maps presented here provide objective information about the vascularization of the brain, and may assist in the interpretation of data in studies where vessels are a potential confound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Viviani
- Institute of Psychology, University of InnsbruckInnsbruck, Austria
- Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Clinic III, University of UlmUlm, Germany
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13
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Lyu I, Kim SH, Seong JK, Yoo SW, Evans A, Shi Y, Sanchez M, Niethammer M, Styner MA. Robust estimation of group-wise cortical correspondence with an application to macaque and human neuroimaging studies. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:210. [PMID: 26113807 PMCID: PMC4462677 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a novel group-wise registration method for cortical correspondence for local cortical thickness analysis in human and non-human primate neuroimaging studies. The proposed method is based on our earlier template based registration that estimates a continuous, smooth deformation field via sulcal curve-constrained registration employing spherical harmonic decomposition of the deformation field. This pairwise registration though results in a well-known template selection bias, which we aim to overcome here via a group-wise approach. We propose the use of an unbiased ensemble entropy minimization following the use of the pairwise registration as an initialization. An individual deformation field is then iteratively updated onto the unbiased average. For the optimization, we use metrics specific for cortical correspondence though all of these are straightforwardly extendable to the generic setting: The first focused on optimizing the correspondence of automatically extracted sulcal landmarks and the second on that of sulcal depth property maps. We further propose a robust entropy metric and a hierarchical optimization by employing spherical harmonic basis orthogonality. We also provide the detailed methodological description of both our earlier work and the proposed method with a set of experiments on a population of human and non-human primate subjects. In the experiment, we have shown that our method achieves superior results on consistency through quantitative and visual comparisons as compared to the existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilwoo Lyu
- Department of Computer Science, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sun H. Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joon-Kyung Seong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Sang W. Yoo
- R&D Team, Health and Medical Equipment Business, Samsung ElectronicsSuwon, South Korea
| | - Alan Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yundi Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mar Sanchez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory universityAtlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marc Niethammer
- Department of Computer Science, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martin A. Styner
- Department of Computer Science, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
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14
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Wu X, Lv XF, Zhang YL, Wu HW, Cai PQ, Qiu YW, Zhang XL, Jiang GH. Cortical signature of patients with HBV-related cirrhosis without overt hepatic encephalopathy: a morphometric analysis. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:82. [PMID: 26106307 PMCID: PMC4458689 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that patients with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis (HBV-RC) without overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) are associated with a varying degree of cognitive dysfunction. Several resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have been conducted to explore the neural correlates of such cognitive deficits, whereas little effort has been made to investigate the cortical integrity in cirrhotic patients without OHE. Here, using cortical thickness, surface area and local gyrification index (lGI), this study performed a comprehensive analysis on the cortical morphometry of patients with HBV-RC without OHE (HBV-RC-NOHE) vs. matched healthy controls. Compared with healthy controls, we found significantly increased cortical thickness in the bilateral lingual and parahippocampal gyrus, right posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, peri-calcarine sulcus and fusiform gyrus in patient with HBV-RC-NOHE, which may closely relate to be the low-grade brain edema. Cortical gyrification analysis showed significantly increased lGI in the left superior and inferior parietal cortex as well as lateral occipital cortex, which was speculated to be associated with disruptions in white matter connectivity and sub-optimal intra-cortical organization. In addition, the mean cortical thickness/lGI of the regions with structural abnormalities was shown to be negatively correlated with psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) of the patients with HBV-RC-NOHE. These morphological changes may serve as potential markers for the preclinical diagnosis and progression of HBV-RC-NOHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wu
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, China ; Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Lv
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, China
| | - Hua-Wang Wu
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, China ; Department of Medical imaging, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Qiang Cai
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Wei Qiu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Lin Zhang
- Medical Imaging Centre, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medial University Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Hua Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital Guangzhou, China
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15
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Zamroziewicz MK, Paul EJ, Rubin RD, Barbey AK. Anterior cingulate cortex mediates the relationship between O3PUFAs and executive functions in APOE e4 carriers. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:87. [PMID: 26052283 PMCID: PMC4439554 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although diet has a substantial influence on the aging brain, the relationship between biomarkers of diet and aspects of brain health remains unclear. This study examines the neural mechanisms that mediate the relationship between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3PUFAs) and executive functions in at-risk (APOE e4 carriers), cognitively intact older adults. We hypothesized that higher levels of O3PUFAs are associated with better performance in a particular component of the executive functions, namely cognitive flexibility, and that this relationship is mediated by gray matter volume of a specific region thought to be important for cognitive flexibility, the anterior cingulate cortex. METHODS We examined 40 cognitively intact adults between the ages of 65 and 75 with the APOE e4 polymorphism to investigate the relationship between biomarkers of O3PUFAs, tests of cognitive flexibility (measured by the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Trail Making Test), and gray matter volume within regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). RESULTS A mediation analysis revealed that gray matter volume within the left rostral anterior cingulate cortex partially mediates the relationship between O3PUFA biomarkers and cognitive flexibility. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the anterior cingulate cortex acts as a mediator of the relationship between O3PUFAs and cognitive flexibility in cognitively intact adults thought to be at risk for cognitive decline. Through their link to executive functions and neuronal measures of PFC volume, O3PUFAs show potential as a nutritional therapy to prevent dysfunction in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta K. Zamroziewicz
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of IllinoisUrbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of IllinoisUrbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of IllinoisChampaign, IL, USA
| | - Erick J. Paul
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of IllinoisUrbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of IllinoisUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Rachael D. Rubin
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of IllinoisUrbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of IllinoisUrbana, IL, USA
- Carle Neuroscience Institute, Carle Foundation HospitalUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Aron K. Barbey
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of IllinoisUrbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of IllinoisUrbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of IllinoisChampaign, IL, USA
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of IllinoisChampaign, IL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of IllinoisChampaign, IL, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of IllinoisChampaign, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of IllinoisChampaign, IL, USA
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16
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Heering HD, Koevoets GJC, Koenders L, Machielsen MWJ, Meijer CJ, Kubota M, de Nijs J, Cahn W, Hulshoff Pol HE, de Haan L, Kahn RS, van Haren NEM. Structural MRI Differences between Patients with and without First Rank Symptoms: A Delusion? Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:107. [PMID: 26283974 PMCID: PMC4518139 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been suggested that specific psychotic symptom clusters may be explained by patterns of biological abnormalities. The presence of first rank symptoms (FRS) has been associated with cognitive abnormalities, e.g., deficits in self-monitoring or in the experience of agency, suggesting that a specific network of neural abnormalities might underlie FRS. Here, we investigate differences in cortical and subcortical brain volume between patients with and without FRS. METHODS Three independent patient samples (referred to as A, B, and C) with different mean ages and in different illness stages were included, leading to a total of 348 patients within the schizophrenia-spectrum. All underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. In addition, the presence of FRS was established using a diagnostic interview. Patients with (FRS+, A: n = 63, B: n = 129, and C: n = 96) and without FRS (FRS-, A: n = 35, B: n = 17, and C: n = 8) were compared on global and local cortical volumes as well as subcortical volumes, using a whole brain (cerebrum) approach. RESULTS Nucleus accumbens volume was significantly smaller in FRS+ as compared with FRS- in sample A (p < 0.005). Furthermore, FRS+ showed a smaller volume of the pars-opercularis relative to FRS- in sample B (p < 0.001). No further significant differences were found in cortical and subcortical volumes between FRS+ and FRS- in either one of the three samples after correction for multiple comparison. CONCLUSION Brain volume differences between patients with and without FRS are, when present, subtle, and not consistent between three independent samples. Brain abnormalities related to FRS may be too subtle to become visible through structural brain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Koenders
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | | | - Carin J Meijer
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Manabu Kubota
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Jessica de Nijs
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | | | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Rene S Kahn
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands
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17
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Chen C, Lee YH, Cheng Y. Anterior insular cortex activity to emotional salience of voices in a passive oddball paradigm. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:743. [PMID: 25346670 PMCID: PMC4193252 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human voice, which has a pivotal role in communication, is processed in specialized brain regions. Although a general consensus holds that the anterior insular cortex (AIC) plays a critical role in negative emotional experience, previous studies have not observed AIC activation in response to hearing disgust in voices. We used magnetoencephalography to measure the magnetic counterparts of mismatch negativity (MMNm) and P3a (P3am) in healthy adults while the emotionally meaningless syllables dada, spoken as neutral, happy, or disgusted prosodies, along with acoustically matched simple and complex tones, were presented in a passive oddball paradigm. The results revealed that disgusted relative to happy syllables elicited stronger MMNm-related cortical activities in the right AIC and precentral gyrus along with the left posterior insular cortex, supramarginal cortex, transverse temporal cortex, and upper bank of superior temporal cortex. The AIC activity specific to disgusted syllables (corrected p < 0.05) was associated with the hit rate of the emotional categorization task. These findings may clarify the neural correlates of emotional MMNm and lend support to the role of AIC in the processing of emotional salience already at the preattentive level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yawei Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Rehabilitation, National Yang-Ming University Yilan, Taiwan ; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Stelzer J, Lohmann G, Mueller K, Buschmann T, Turner R. Deficient approaches to human neuroimaging. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:462. [PMID: 25071503 PMCID: PMC4076796 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the workhorse of imaging-based human cognitive neuroscience. The use of fMRI is ever-increasing; within the last 4 years more fMRI studies have been published than in the previous 17 years. This large body of research has mainly focused on the functional localization of condition- or stimulus-dependent changes in the blood-oxygenation-level dependent signal. In recent years, however, many aspects of the commonly practiced analysis frameworks and methodologies have been critically reassessed. Here we summarize these critiques, providing an overview of the major conceptual and practical deficiencies in widely used brain-mapping approaches, and exemplify some of these issues by the use of imaging data and simulations. In particular, we discuss the inherent pitfalls and shortcomings of methodologies for statistical parametric mapping. Our critique emphasizes recent reports of excessively high numbers of both false positive and false negative findings in fMRI brain mapping. We outline our view regarding the broader scientific implications of these methodological considerations and briefly discuss possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Stelzer
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany ; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Gabriele Lohmann
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen, Germany ; Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karsten Mueller
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Unit, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tilo Buschmann
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany ; Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig , Germany
| | - Robert Turner
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany ; Department of Physics, University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK
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19
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Alho J, Lin FH, Sato M, Tiitinen H, Sams M, Jääskeläinen IP. Enhanced neural synchrony between left auditory and premotor cortex is associated with successful phonetic categorization. Front Psychol 2014; 5:394. [PMID: 24834062 PMCID: PMC4018533 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cortical dorsal auditory stream has been proposed to mediate mapping between auditory and articulatory-motor representations in speech processing. Whether this sensorimotor integration contributes to speech perception remains an open question. Here, magnetoencephalography was used to examine connectivity between auditory and motor areas while subjects were performing a sensorimotor task involving speech sound identification and overt repetition. Functional connectivity was estimated with inter-areal phase synchrony of electromagnetic oscillations. Structural equation modeling was applied to determine the direction of information flow. Compared to passive listening, engagement in the sensorimotor task enhanced connectivity within 200 ms after sound onset bilaterally between the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and ventral premotor cortex (vPMC), with the left-hemisphere connection showing directionality from vPMC to TPJ. Passive listening to noisy speech elicited stronger connectivity than clear speech between left auditory cortex (AC) and vPMC at ~100 ms, and between left TPJ and dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC) at ~200 ms. Information flow was estimated from AC to vPMC and from dPMC to TPJ. Connectivity strength among the left AC, vPMC, and TPJ correlated positively with the identification of speech sounds within 150 ms after sound onset, with information flowing from AC to TPJ, from AC to vPMC, and from vPMC to TPJ. Taken together, these findings suggest that sensorimotor integration mediates the categorization of incoming speech sounds through reciprocal auditory-to-motor and motor-to-auditory projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Alho
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), School of Science, Aalto University Espoo, Finland
| | - Fa-Hsuan Lin
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), School of Science, Aalto University Espoo, Finland ; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Marc Sato
- Gipsa-Lab, Department of Speech and Cognition, French National Center for Scientific Research and Grenoble University Grenoble, France
| | - Hannu Tiitinen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), School of Science, Aalto University Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), School of Science, Aalto University Espoo, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), School of Science, Aalto University Espoo, Finland ; MEG Core, Aalto NeuroImaging, School of Science, Aalto University Espoo, Finland ; AMI Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, School of Science, Aalto University Espoo, Finland
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