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Membrane-bound TNF mediates microtubule-targeting chemotherapeutics-induced cancer cytolysis via juxtacrine inter-cancer-cell death signaling. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:1569-1587. [PMID: 31645676 PMCID: PMC7206059 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) are a class of most widely used chemotherapeutics and their mechanism of action has long been assumed to be mitotic arrest of rapidly dividing tumor cells. In contrast to such notion, here we show—in many cancer cell types—MTAs function by triggering membrane TNF (memTNF)-mediated cancer-cell-to-cancer-cell killing, which differs greatly from other non-MTA cell-cycle-arresting agents. The killing is through programmed cell death (PCD), either in way of necroptosis when RIP3 kinase is expressed, or of apoptosis in its absence. Mechanistically, MTAs induce memTNF transcription via the JNK-cJun signaling pathway. With respect to chemotherapy regimens, our results establish that memTNF-mediated killing is significantly augmented by IAP antagonists (Smac mimetics) in a broad spectrum of cancer types, and with their effects most prominently manifested in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in which cell–cell contacts are highly reminiscent of human tumors. Therefore, our finding indicates that memTNF can serve as a marker for patient responsiveness, and Smac mimetics will be effective adjuvants for MTA chemotherapeutics. The present study reframes our fundamental biochemical understanding of how MTAs take advantage of the natural tight contact of tumor cells and utilize memTNF-mediated death signaling to induce the entire tumor regression.
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Marco-Brualla J, Al-Wasaby S, Soler R, Romanos E, Conde B, Justo-Méndez R, Enríquez JA, Fernández-Silva P, Martínez-Lostao L, Villalba M, Moreno-Loshuertos R, Anel A. Mutations in the ND2 Subunit of Mitochondrial Complex I Are Sufficient to Confer Increased Tumorigenic and Metastatic Potential to Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1027. [PMID: 31330915 PMCID: PMC6678765 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiprotein complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain form associations to generate supercomplexes. The relationship between tumor cell ability to assemble mitochondrial supercomplexes, tumorigenesis and metastasis has not been studied thoroughly. The mitochondrial and metabolic differences between L929dt cells, which lost matrix attachment and MHC-I expression, and their parental cell line L929, were analyzed. L929dt cells have lower capacity to generate energy through OXPHOS and lower respiratory capacity than parental L929 cells. Most importantly, L929dt cells show defects in mitochondrial supercomplex assembly, especially in those that contain complex I. These defects correlate with mtDNA mutations in L929dt cells at the ND2 subunit of complex I and are accompanied by a glycolytic shift. In addition, L929dt cells show higher in vivo tumorigenic and metastatic potential than the parental cell line. Cybrids with L929dt mitochondria in L929 nuclear background reproduce all L929dt properties, demonstrating that mitochondrial mutations are responsible for the aggressive tumor phenotype. In spite of their higher tumorigenic potential, L929dt or mitochondrial L929dt cybrid cells are sensitive both in vitro and in vivo to the PDK1 inhibitor dichloroacetate, which favors OXPHOS, suggesting benefits for the use of metabolic inhibitors in the treatment of especially aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Marco-Brualla
- Immunity, Cancer & Stem Cells Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Square, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sameer Al-Wasaby
- Immunity, Cancer & Stem Cells Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Square, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ruth Soler
- Immunity, Cancer & Stem Cells Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Square, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eduardo Romanos
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Center for Research in Biomedicine, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Blanca Conde
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Campus San Francisco Square, University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - José A Enríquez
- Carlos III National Center for Cardiovascular Research, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricio Fernández-Silva
- GENOXPHOS Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Square, Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Martín Villalba
- The National Institute of Biomedical Research (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, The University of Montpellier, The Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, 34090 Montpellier, France
- IRMB, CHU Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Raquel Moreno-Loshuertos
- GENOXPHOS Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Square, Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Alberto Anel
- Immunity, Cancer & Stem Cells Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Square, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Tikhomirova TS, Selivanova OM, Galzitskaya OV. α-Crystallins are small heat shock proteins: Functional and structural properties. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:106-121. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Miyasaka M, Nakata H, Hao J, Kim YK, Kasugai S, Kuroda S. Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulation Enhances Heat-Shock Protein 90 and Mineralized Nodule Formation in Mouse Calvaria-Derived Osteoblasts. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:2829-39. [PMID: 26421522 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has demonstrated its positive effects on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, negative effects on osteoclast growth, and promotion of angiogenesis, leading to improvement of the tissue perfusion. Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are initially identified as molecules encouraged and expressed by heat stress or chemical stress to cells and involved in the balance between differentiation and apoptosis of osteoblasts. However, it remains unclear if the effect of LIPUS on osteoblast differentiation could involve HSP expression and contribution. In this study, mouse calvarial osteoblasts were exposed to LIPUS at a frequency of 3.0 MHz by 30 mW/cm(2) for 15 min or to 42°C heat shock for 20 min at day 3 of cell culture and examined for osteogenesis with pursuing induction of HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90. LIPUS as well as heat shock initially upregulated HSP90 and phosphorylation of Smad1 and Smad5, encouraging cell viability and proliferation at 24 h, enhancing mineralized nodule formation stronger by LIPUS after 10 days. However, HSP27, associated with BMP2-stimulated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase during osteoblast differentiation, was downregulated by both stimulations at this early time point. Notably, these two stimuli maintained Smad1 phosphorylation with mineralized nodule formation even under BMP2 signal blockage. Therefore, LIPUS might be a novel inducer of osteoblastic differentiation through a noncanonical signal pathway. In conclusion, LIPUS stimulation enhanced cell viability and proliferation as early as 24 h after treatment, and HSP90 was upregulated, leading to dense mineralization in the osteoblast cell culture after 10 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munemitsu Miyasaka
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Nakata
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jia Hao
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - You-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Kasugai
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kuroda
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo, Japan
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Introducing differential expression of human heat shock protein 27 in hepatocellular carcinoma: moving toward identification of cancer biomarker. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:715-21. [PMID: 26242269 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3858-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, it has to be acknowledged that overexpressed heat shock protein B27 (HSPB27) have been implicated in the etiology of wide range of human cancers. However, the molecular mechanism leading to the disease initiation to progression in liver cancer is still unknown. Present work was undertaken to investigate the differentially expressed HSPB27 in association with those damages that lead to liver cancer development. For the identification of liver cancer biomarker, samples were subjected to comparative proteomic analysis using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and were further validated by Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. After validation, in silico studies were applied to demonstrate the significantly induced phosphorylated and S-nitrosylated signals. The later included the interacting partner of HSPB27, i.e., mitogen-activated protein kinase-3 and 5 (MAPK3 and 5), ubiquitin C (UBC), v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), and tumor protein p53 (TP53), which bestowed with critical capabilities, namely, apoptosis, cell cycling, stress activation, tumor suppression, cell survival, angiogenesis, proliferation, and stress resistance. Taking together, these results shed new light on the potential biomarker HSPB27 that overexpression of HSPB27 did lead to upregulation of their interacting partner that together demonstrate their possible role as a novel tumor progressive agent for the treatment of metastasis in liver cancer. HSPB27 is a promising diagnostic marker for liver cancer although further large-scale studies are required. Also, molecular profiling may help pave the road to the discovery of new therapies.
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Arrigo AP, Gibert B. HspB1, HspB5 and HspB4 in Human Cancers: Potent Oncogenic Role of Some of Their Client Proteins. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:333-65. [PMID: 24514166 PMCID: PMC3980596 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6010333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human small heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones that regulate fundamental cellular processes in normal unstressed cells as well as in many cancer cells where they are over-expressed. These proteins are characterized by cell physiology dependent changes in their oligomerization and phosphorylation status. These structural changes allow them to interact with many different client proteins that subsequently display modified activity and/or half-life. Nowdays, the protein interactomes of small Hsps are under intense investigations and will represent, when completed, key parameters to elaborate therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the functions of these chaperones. Here, we have analyzed the potential pro-cancerous roles of several client proteins that have been described so far to interact with HspB1 (Hsp27) and its close members HspB5 (αB-crystallin) and HspB4 (αA-crystallin).
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Affiliation(s)
- André-Patrick Arrigo
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory, Lyon Cancer Research Center, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon 69008, France.
| | - Benjamin Gibert
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory, Lyon Cancer Research Center, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon 69008, France.
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Wang HC, Chiang WF, Huang HH, Huang SK, Chiang HC. Promoter hypermethylation of the gene encoding heat shock protein B1 in oral squamous carcinoma cells. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 115:376-84. [PMID: 23453029 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanism responsible for the regulation of HSPB1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma was explored in this study. STUDY DESIGN The expression and the methylation status of HSPB1 in oral squamous carcinoma cells were examined using real-time reverse transcription-PCR, methylation-specific PCR and pyrosequencing. RESULTS HSPB1 expression was weakly expressed in oral squamous carcinoma cell lines (N = 4) as compared to that of normal human oral keratinocytes. The lower expressed HSPB1 was associated with promoter hypermethylation of the HSPB1 gene, and the expression of HSPB1 could be induced by treating the cells with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, RG108. Promoter hypermethylation of the HSPB1 gene was also noted in primary oral squamous carcinomas, concomitant with reduced levels of HSPB1 gene expression, as compared to those of the paired neighboring normal tissues. CONCLUSION Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of the HSPB1 gene may explain the reduced expression of HSPB1 noted in oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Chun Wang
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Gibert B, Simon S, Dimitrova V, Diaz-Latoud C, Arrigo AP. Peptide aptamers: tools to negatively or positively modulate HSPB1(27) function. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120075. [PMID: 23530261 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human HSP27 (HSPB1) is a molecular chaperone sensor which, through dynamic changes in its phosphorylation and oligomerization, allows cells to adapt to changes in their physiology and/or mount a protective response to injuries. In pathological conditions, the high level of HSPB1 expression can either be beneficial, such as in diseases characterized by cellular degenerations, or be malignant in cancer cells where it promotes tumourigenesis, metastasis and anti-cancer drug resistance. Structural changes allow HSPB1 to interact with specific client protein partners in order to modulate their folding/activity and/or half-life. Therefore, the search is open for therapeutic compounds aimed at either down- or upregulating HSPB1 activity. In this respect, we have previously described two peptide aptamers (PA11 and PA50) that specifically interact with HSPB1 small oligomers and decrease its anti-apoptotic and tumourigenic activities. A novel analysis of the different HSPB1-interacting aptamers that were isolated earlier revealed that one aptamer (PA23) has the intriguing ability to stimulate the protective activity of HSPB1. We show here that this aptamer abolishes the dominant negative effect induced by the R120G mutant of αB-crystallin (HSPB5) by disrupting its interaction with HSPB1. Hence, developing structure-based interfering strategies could lead to the discovery of HSPB1-based therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gibert
- Apoptosis Cancer and Development Laboratory, Lyon Cancer Research Center, Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5238, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
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Maliar A, Servais C, Waks T, Chmielewski M, Lavy R, Altevogt P, Abken H, Eshhar Z. Redirected T cells that target pancreatic adenocarcinoma antigens eliminate tumors and metastases in mice. Gastroenterology 2012; 143:1375-1384.e5. [PMID: 22819865 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is often diagnosed at an advanced and inoperable stage, and standard systemic treatments are generally ineffective. We investigated the effects of adoptive transfer of tumor-specific T cells that express chimeric antibody-based receptors (CAR) to mice with primary and metastatic PAC xenografts. METHODS Human effector T cells were genetically modified to express CAR against Her2/neu or CD24, a putative PAC stem cell antigen. The antitumor reactivity of the engineered T cells (T-bodies) was evaluated in SCID mice with different PAC xenografts. A total of 1 × 10(7) T-bodies were injected via the tail vein or directly administered to the subcutaneous tumor on 3 or 4 alternating days. Mice were then given twice-daily intraperitoneal injections of interleukin-2 for 10 days. RESULTS Intratumor injection of human CD24 and Her2/neu-specific T-bodies completely eliminated the tumors from most animals. Intravenous injection of T-bodies reduced tumor size and prolonged survival of mice with orthotopically transplanted tumors; more than 50% of animals appeared to be disease-free more than 2 months later. Additional systemic administration of T-bodies 8 weeks after the initial injection eliminated primary tumors, along with liver and draining lymph node metastases. A single administration of the Her2/neu-specific T-bodies prolonged the survival of mice with tumors in which most of the cells expressed the target antigen. In contrast, the CD24-specific T-bodies prolonged survival of mice in which only a subpopulation of the tumor cells expressed the antigen. CONCLUSIONS CAR-redirected T cells stop growth and metastasis of PAC xenografts in mice. T-bodies specific to CD24, a putative cancer stem cell antigen, were effective against PAC xenografts that had only a subset of antigen-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Maliar
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Institute, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zriffin, Israel
| | - Charlotte Servais
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tova Waks
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Markus Chmielewski
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Tumor Genetics, Department I Internal Medicine, Köln, Germany
| | - Ron Lavy
- Department of Surgery B, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zriffin, Israel
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Tumor Genetics, Department I Internal Medicine, Köln, Germany
| | - Zelig Eshhar
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Ciocca DR, Arrigo AP, Calderwood SK. Heat shock proteins and heat shock factor 1 in carcinogenesis and tumor development: an update. Arch Toxicol 2012; 87:19-48. [PMID: 22885793 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0918-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSP) are a subset of the molecular chaperones, best known for their rapid and abundant induction by stress. HSP genes are activated at the transcriptional level by heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1). During the progression of many types of cancer, this heat shock transcriptional regulon becomes co-opted by mechanisms that are currently unclear, although evidently triggered in the emerging tumor cell. Concerted activation of HSF1 and the accumulation of HSPs then participate in many of the traits that permit the malignant phenotype. Thus, cancers of many histologies exhibit activated HSF1 and increased HSP levels that may help to deter tumor suppression and evade therapy in the clinic. We review here the extensive work that has been carried out and is still in progress aimed at (1) understanding the oncogenic mechanisms by which HSP genes are switched on, (2) determining the roles of HSF1/HSP in malignant transformation and (3) discovering approaches to therapy based on disrupting the influence of the HSF1-controlled transcriptome in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Ciocca
- Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU), Scientific and Technological Center (CCT), CONICET, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Andre Patrick Arrigo
- Apoptosis Cancer and Development, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Claude Bernard University, Lyon-1, Cheney A Building, Centre Regional Léon Bérard, 28, rue Laennec 69008 LYON, France. ;
| | - Stuart K Calderwood
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA02215
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Kato K, Adachi S, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Minamitani C, Natsume H, Katagiri Y, Hirose Y, Mizutani J, Tokuda H, Kozawa O, Otsuka T. Regulation by heat shock protein 27 of osteocalcin synthesis in osteoblasts. Endocrinology 2011; 152:1872-82. [PMID: 21427224 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that various stimuli, including sphingosine 1-phosphate, are able to induce heat shock protein (HSP) 27 in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. However, the precise role of HSP27 in bone metabolism has not been satisfactory clarified. In this study, we investigated the effect of HSP27 on osteocalcin synthesis induced by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4 or T₃ in these cells. In MC3T3-E1 cells, pretreatment with sphingosine 1-phosphate, sodium arsenite, or heat stress caused the attenuation of osteocalcin synthesis induced by BMP-4 or T₃ with concurrent HSP27 induction. To further investigate the effect of HSP27, we established stable HSP27-transfected cells. The osteocalcin synthesis was significantly reduced in the stable HSP27-transfected MC3T3-E1 cells and normal human osteoblasts compared with empty-vector transfected cells. On the other hand, anisomycin, a p38 MAPK activator, caused the phosphorylation of HSP27 in both sphingosine 1-phosphate-stimulated untransfected MC3T3-E1 cells and HSP27-transfected MC3T3-E1 cells. An immunofluorescence microscopy study showed that the phosphorylated HSP27 induced by anisomycin concentrated perinuclearly in these cells, in which it colocalized with the endoplasmic reticulum. We also established stable mutant-HSP27-transfected cells. Osteocalcin synthesis induced by either BMP-4 or T₃ was markedly suppressed in the nonphosphorylatable HSP27-overexpressing MC3T3-E1 cells compared with the phosphomimic HSP27-overexpressing cells. In contrast, the matrix mineralization was more obvious in nonphosphorylatable HSP27-overexpressing cells than that in phosphomimic HSP27-overexpressing cells. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that unphosphorylated HSP27 has an inhibitory effect on osteocalcin synthesis, but has a stimulatory effect on mineralization, in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kato
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu Japan
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Nallathamby PD, Xu XHN. Study of cytotoxic and therapeutic effects of stable and purified silver nanoparticles on tumor cells. NANOSCALE 2010; 2:942-52. [PMID: 20648292 PMCID: PMC2914687 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized and purified silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) (11.3+/-2.3 nm) that are stable (non-aggregated) in cell culture medium and inside single living cells. We have developed new imaging methods to characterize sizes and number of single NPs in the medium and in single living cells in real-time and determine their stability (non-aggregation) in the medium and in single living cells at single NP resolution. These new approaches allow us to study toxic and therapeutic effects of single Ag NPs on tumor cells (L929, mouse fibroblast cells) with determined sizes and concentrations (doses) of NPs over time at single NP and single cell resolution. We found that Ag NPs inhibited the growth and division of tumor cells and their nuclei, in a dose and time dependent manner, showing significant inhibitory effects and abnormal cells with giant undivided nuclei or multiple nuclei beyond 12 h incubation. The results show that Ag NPs inhibited the segregation of chromosomes, but not their replication. Intracellular Ag NPs were well distributed in the cell population, and located in the nuclei and cytoplasm with higher numbers in the cytoplasm. This study demonstrates the possibility of using Ag NPs to inhibit the growth and division of tumor cells and using their cytotoxicity for potential therapeutic treatments. This study offers a new method to count the number of single NPs in the medium for characterization of their concentration and stability at single NP resolution over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash D. Nallathamby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529
| | - Xiao-Hong Nancy Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529
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Kostenko S, Moens U. Heat shock protein 27 phosphorylation: kinases, phosphatases, functions and pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:3289-307. [PMID: 19593530 PMCID: PMC11115724 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The small heat shock protein Hsp27 or its murine homologue Hsp25 acts as an ATP-independent chaperone in protein folding, but is also implicated in architecture of the cytoskeleton, cell migration, metabolism, cell survival, growth/differentiation, mRNA stabilization, and tumor progression. A variety of stimuli induce phosphorylation of serine residues 15, 78, and 82 in Hsp27 and serines 15 and 86 in Hsp25. This post-translational modification affects some of the cellular functions of Hsp25/27. As a consequence of the functional importance of Hsp25/27 phosphorylation, aberrant Hsp27 phosphorylation has been linked to several clinical conditions. This review focuses on the different Hsp25/27 kinases and phosphatases that regulate the phosphorylation pattern of Hsp25/27, and discusses the recent findings of the biological implications of these phosphorylation events in physiological and pathological processes. Novel therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring anomalous Hsp27 phosphorylation in human diseases will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Kostenko
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ugo Moens
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Shin KD, Yoon YJ, Kang YR, Son KH, Kim HM, Kwon BM, Han DC. KRIBB3, a novel microtubule inhibitor, induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis in human cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 75:383-94. [PMID: 17915194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
KRIBB3 (5-(5-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl) isoxazole) inhibited cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry studies showed that KRIBB3 caused cell cycle arrest at the G(2)/M phase and subsequent apoptosis. This was confirmed as accumulation of Cyclin B1 and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were detected. While transient inhibition by KRIBB3 led to reversible mitotic arrest, prolonged exposure to KRIBB3-induced apoptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that KRIBB3 initially induced association of inhibitory Mad2 with p55CDC (mammalian homologue of CDC20), an activator of APC/C (anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome), suggesting that the mitotic spindle checkpoint was activated by KRIBB3. However, the level of this inhibitory complex of Mad2 with p55CDC was gradually decreased 24 h after KRIBB3 treatment, and was hardly detectable after 48 h, indicating some slipping of the mitotic checkpoint. Consistent with these observations, KRIBB3 activated the mitotic spindle checkpoint by disrupting the microtubule cytoskeleton. KRIBB3 was proven to be a tubulin inhibitor using in vitro polymerization assays and in vivo indirect immunofluorescence staining. The temporal pattern of Bax activation by KRIBB3 was similar to PARP cleavage, suggesting that Bax is a mediator of KRIBB3-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, when KRIBB3 was administered intraperitoneally into nude mice at 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg, it inhibited 49.5 or 70.3% of tumor growth, respectively. These results suggest that KRIBB3 is a good drug candidate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Deok Shin
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Eoeun-dong Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
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15
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Nomura N, Nomura M, Sugiyama K, Hamada JI. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced migration of glioblastoma cells is mediated via p38MAPK/Hsp27 pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 74:690-701. [PMID: 17640620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2007] [Revised: 06/03/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced migration of glioblastoma cells focusing on the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) pathway. PMA-induced cell migration and activation of p38MAPK in A172 glioblastoma cells. PMA-induced formation of lamellipodia and focal complexes was blocked by inhibiting p38MAPK with SB203580 or small interfering RNA (siRNA). Furthermore, activation of p38MAPK resulted in phosphorylation of an F-actin polymerization regulator, Hsp27. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that upon PMA stimulation, both unphosphorylated and phosphorylated Hsp27 were translocated to the lamellipodia. SB203580 or p38MAPK siRNA blocked these phenomena, indicating that Hsp27 phosphorylation and translocation from cytosol to membrane were mediated by p38MAPK. To address the question of whether endogenous Hsp27 participates in PMA-induced migration, we inhibited the expression of Hsp27 using Hsp27 siRNA. Although knockdown of Hsp27 by siRNA had little effect on p38MAPK activation, lamellipodia and focal complex formation was markedly inhibited. Migration was also abolished in Hsp27 siRNA-transfected cells. In conclusion, p38MAPK activation followed by Hsp27 phosphorylation was required for PMA-induced migration. Furthermore, Hsp27 itself played critical roles in PMA-induced migration. Our data provide substantial evidence for a model elucidating the molecular mechanisms of regulation of actin dynamics and migration by PMA-activated protein kinase C in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Nomura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-0935, Japan
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16
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Bausero MA, Bharti A, Page DT, Perez KD, Eng JWL, Ordonez SL, Jantschitsch C, Kindas-Muegge I, Ciocca D, Asea A. Silencing the hsp25 gene eliminates migration capability of the highly metastatic murine 4T1 breast adenocarcinoma cell. Tumour Biol 2005; 27:17-26. [PMID: 16340246 PMCID: PMC1764206 DOI: 10.1159/000090152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The 25-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp25) is associated with various malignancies and is expressed at high levels in biopsies as well as circulating in the serum of breast cancer patients. In this study, we used RNA interference technology to silence the hsp25 gene in 4T1 breast adenocarcinoma cells, known as a poorly immunogenic, highly metastatic cell line. We demonstrate that transfection of 4T1 cells with short interference RNA-Hsp25 dramatically inhibits proliferation as compared with control transfected cells. In addition, we show that 4T1 cells transfected with short interference RNA-Hsp25 abrogates tumor migration potential by a mechanism that is in part due to the repression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression and a concomitant upregulation of its antagonist, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase 1. Taken together, these findings provide a model system for the study of metastatic potential of tumors and are suggestive of an earlier unrecognized role for Hsp25 in tumor migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Bausero
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
- Laboratorio de Oncología Básica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ajit Bharti
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Diana T. Page
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Kristen D. Perez
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
- Division of Investigative Pathology, Department of Pathology, Scott & Whit Clinic and Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Tex., USA
| | - Jason W.-L. Eng
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Susana L. Ordonez
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Christian Jantschitsch
- Division of Special and Environmental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Daniel Ciocca
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU)-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Alexzander Asea
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
- Division of Investigative Pathology, Department of Pathology, Scott & Whit Clinic and Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Tex., USA
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17
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Shin KD, Lee MY, Shin DS, Lee S, Son KH, Koh S, Paik YK, Kwon BM, Han DC. Blocking tumor cell migration and invasion with biphenyl isoxazole derivative KRIBB3, a synthetic molecule that inhibits Hsp27 phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:41439-48. [PMID: 16234246 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m507209200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a prerequisite for cancer invasion and metastasis, suggesting cell motility as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. A synthetic library was screened to identify inhibitors of tumor cell migration. From this, we discovered that CAC-1098 (aurintricarboxylic acid) and CBI-0997 (5-(2,4-dimethoxy-5-ethylphenyl)-4-(4-bromophenyl) isoxazole) inhibited migration of MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 = 5 and 50 nM, respectively. We synthesized KRIBB3 (5-(5-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl) isoxazole) by replacing the bromide group of CBI-0997 with a methoxyl group. Like CBI-0997, KRIBB3 has anti-migratory and anti-invasive activities in MDA-MB-231 cells. Because KRIBB3 has a better drug-like structure, we focused our effort on further understanding its anti-migratory mechanism. Biotinyl-KRIBB3 was synthesized as an affinity probe for identification of KRIBB3-binding proteins. Using affinity chromatography, we identified Hsp27 as a target protein of KRIBB3 in vitro. Treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation of Hsp27 and tumor cell migration. In contrast, treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with KRIBB3 blocked phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced phosphorylation of Hsp27 and tumor cell migration. Furthermore, overexpression of Hsp27 antagonized the inhibitory effect of KRIBB3 on tumor cell invasion, and knockdown of Hsp27 using small interfering RNA inhibited tumor cell migration. Overall, our results demonstrate that KRIBB3 inhibits tumor cell migration and invasion by blocking protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation of Hsp27 through its direct binding to Hsp27.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Anisoles/chemistry
- Anisoles/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Bromides/chemistry
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Chromatography, Affinity
- Crk-Associated Substrate Protein/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Enzyme Activation
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins
- Heat-Shock Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Isoxazoles/chemistry
- Isoxazoles/pharmacology
- Models, Chemical
- Molecular Chaperones
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Binding
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Small Interfering/chemistry
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Deok Shin
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Uendong Yoosunggu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
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18
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Arrigo AP, Paul C, Ducasse C, Manero F, Kretz-Remy C, Virot S, Javouhey E, Mounier N, Diaz-Latoud C. Small stress proteins: novel negative modulators of apoptosis induced independently of reactive oxygen species. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2002; 28:185-204. [PMID: 11908059 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-56348-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- André-Patrick Arrigo
- Laboratoire Stress Oxydant, Chaperons et Apoptose, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR-5534, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-I, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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19
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Chen G, Hitomi M, Han J, Stacey DW. The p38 pathway provides negative feedback for Ras proliferative signaling. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:38973-80. [PMID: 10978313 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m002856200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras activates three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK, JNK, and p38. Whereas the essential roles of ERK and JNK in Ras signaling has been established, the contribution of p38 remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that the p38 pathway functions as a negative regulator of Ras proliferative signaling via a feedback mechanism. Oncogenic Ras activated p38 and two p38-activated protein kinases, MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) and p38-related/activated protein kinase (PRAK). MK2 and PRAK in turn suppressed Ras-induced gene expression and cell proliferation, whereas two mutant PRAKs, unresponsive to Ras, had little effect. Moreover, the constitutive p38 activator MKK6 also suppressed Ras activity in a p38-dependent manner whereas arsenite, a potent chemical inducer of p38, inhibited proliferation only in a tumor cell line that required Ras activity. MEK was required for Ras stimulation of the p38 pathway. The p38 pathway inhibited Ras activity by blocking activation of JNK, without effect upon ERK, as evidenced by the fact that PRAK-mediated suppression of Ras-induced cell proliferation was reversed by coexpression of JNKK2 or JNK1. These studies thus establish a negative feedback mechanism by which Ras proliferative activity is regulated via signaling integrations of MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chen
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Molecular Biology, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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20
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Park SH, Cho HN, Lee SJ, Kim TH, Lee Y, Park YM, Lee YJ, Cho CK, Yoo SY, Lee YS. Hsp25-induced radioresistance is associated with reduction of death by apoptosis: involvement of Bcl2 and the cell cycle. Radiat Res 2000; 154:421-8. [PMID: 11023606 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2000)154[0421:hiriaw]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated the protective effect of the small heat-shock protein against oxidative damage induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha. Here we have extended our studies of the possible role of Hsp25 in ionizing radiation-induced damage. For these studies, we transfected murine fibroblast L929 cells with the Hsp25 gene and selected three stably transfected clones. Hsp25 overexpression conferred radioresistance as detected by clonogenic survival and induction of apoptosis. Interestingly, the Hsp25-transfected cells showed an increase in the level of the anti-apoptosis molecule Bcl2. We also observed alterations of cell growth in the Hsp25-transfected cells. The cell cycle time of Hsp25-transfected cells was 3-4 h slower than that of vector-transfected control cells. Flow cytometry analysis of synchronized cells at late G(1) phase by mimosine treatment also showed the growth delay in Hsp25-overexpressing cells. In addition, reduced cyclin D1, cyclin A and Cdc2 levels and increased levels of Cdkn1a (also known as p21(Waf)) were observed in Hsp25-transfected cells, which probably caused the reduction in cell growth. In addition, synchronization by mimosine treatment only partially altered radioresistance in the Hsp25-transfected cells. Taken together, these data suggest that Hsp25-induced radioresistance is associated with growth delay as well as induction of Bcl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Park
- Laboratory of Radiation Effect, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 215-4 Gongeung-Dong, Nowon-Ku, Seoul 139-706, Korea
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21
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Abstract
Mucins are widely distributed in mucous secretion fluids or are associated with plasma membranes. Up to now 9 genes of epithelial mucins have been identified, distributed over five chromosomes. Superposed on the genetic diversity, each type of mucin displays heterogeneity in oligosaccharide composition, including the terminal sugar residues. On top of that there is variation between individuals brought about by blood group antigens. Heterogeneity is further incited by the degree of sulfation. This tremendous structural heterogeneity endows mucin molecules with properties suggestive for a multifunctional role. The major biological function assigned to mucins is still the protection of tissues covered by the mucous gel. Current knowledge on the specific biological functions of the sulfate residues is fragmentary and periphrastic. Glycosylation including sulfation appears to be subject to modification under pathological conditions. There is evidence that sulfation rate-limits bacterial degradation of mucins. Moreover, accumulating data focus towards their involvement in recognition phenomena. Sulfate residues on blood group related structures provoke specific epitopes for selective interaction with microorganisms e.g. Helicobacter pylori. A distinct class of mucins acts as ligands for selectins, crucial in cellular recognition processes like cellular homing of lymphocytes. Whereas in earlier days mucins were only seen as water-binding molecules, protecting the underlying mucosa against harmful agents, the current picture of these molecules is characterized by the selective interaction with their environment, including epithelial-, and endothelial cells and microorganisms, thereby regulating a great number of biological processes. However, the specific role of sulfate remains to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Nieuw Amerongen
- Dept. of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), The Netherlands
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